CN116642455A - Automatic monitoring system and method suitable for karst collapse - Google Patents
Automatic monitoring system and method suitable for karst collapse Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses an automatic monitoring system and method suitable for karst collapse, which belong to the technical field of karst collapse monitoring and comprise a server and a wireless network transmission unit, wherein the input end of the wireless network transmission unit is connected with the output ends of a plurality of subsystems, the output end of the wireless network transmission unit is connected with the input end of the server, the subsystems comprise ground surface vertical rods, the top of each ground surface vertical rod is provided with a solar panel, and an automatic acquisition and transmission system is arranged at a position, corresponding to the lower part of solar energy, on each ground surface vertical rod. By installing the underground water monitoring and the soil layer monitoring in the same hole, the construction cost and the scientific rationality of data are greatly saved; the underground water change exceeds the threshold value, so that the monitoring frequency of monitoring parameters such as sedimentation can be encrypted and adjusted, and the correlation factors among the parameters can be early-warned and analyzed in time, thereby improving the stability and accuracy of data monitoring and having good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of karst collapse monitoring, and particularly relates to an automatic monitoring system and method suitable for karst collapse.
Background
Karst ground subsidence (karst subsidence or subsidence for short) is a dynamic geological phenomenon that karst cave, cave-in or earth cave-in overlying soil layer in karst areas commonly causes instability and destruction of top plate and collapse under the action of natural or artificial factors.
The method can be used in exposed karst mountain areas, namely, in the development period of underground karst cave or karst pipelines, surface karst forms such as falling water holes, depressions, shafts, funnels and the like with falling property are formed at the top of the karst cave or above the karst pipelines; and can also appear in a covered or buried karst area, which is caused by instability of overlying bedrock or soil layer due to the fact that filled (or semi-filled) karst cave and filling material of a pipeline are hollowed out.
Karst collapse is affected by a number of complex factors, including obvious burstiness, spatial concealment, and the like.
The basic conditions for karst collapse formation are: the existence of karst cave gap, loose cover layer with certain thickness and karst groundwater with easily changed hydrodynamic condition.
Karst collapse, which is one of slow-release geological disasters, once occurs, can produce a great hazard.
1: the road is damaged in a large area, so that the national direct economic loss is caused.
2: the traffic is not smooth, and the convenience is brought to the people in China. Specifically, after karst collapse occurs, people can only select detours to reach the destination. In karst collapse, people are injured in light cases, and casualties occur in heavy cases. After collapse occurs, the local government is aware of it for a period of time. Time is required for setting up the solution and time is also required for the organization process. During this time, the vehicle is continuously driven, and if the driver cannot find it in time, the loss is further increased.
3: and the construction difficulty is increased. After karst collapse occurs, the geological structure is damaged, and special people are needed to process the karst collapse. If the construction unit technology is not too closed, hidden danger is easy to embed.
4: influence on society. If no casualties occur, the situation is not too bad, and if casualties occur, many families are broken away.
At present, the monitoring methods of karst collapse can be classified into a direct monitoring method and an indirect monitoring method.
The direct monitoring method is a method for judging the subsidence of the ground by directly monitoring the deformation of the underground soil body or the ground, such as a conventional method for monitoring the subsidence of the ground, the cracking of the ground and houses, and a non-conventional method for monitoring the deformation of the underground soil body by using a geological radar, an optical fiber and the like. The indirect monitoring method mainly comprises the automatic monitoring technology of a dynamic change sensor of water (gas) pressure in a karst pipeline system. As collapse is sudden, through researches and practices for many years, the method for monitoring ground subsidence and ground and house cracking is adopted to monitor collapse, the effect is not good, and the indirect monitoring technology of direct monitoring such as geological radar and the like and automatic monitoring of dynamic change sensors of water (gas) pressure in a karst pipeline system is adopted to monitor collapse, so that the good effect is obtained.
The direct monitoring method comprises the following steps:
1. geological radar monitoring technology for karst collapse
Principle of: the transmitting antenna transmits high-frequency electromagnetic waves to the underground, and the receiving antenna receives signals reflected from different electrical interfaces of the underground. When the dielectric constants of underground objects are greatly different, a reflection interface is formed, and when electromagnetic waves propagate in a medium, the path, the electromagnetic field strength and the like of the electromagnetic waves change along with the electromagnetic properties and the geometric forms of the medium. Therefore, the structure of the medium can be estimated from the travel time, frequency, and other data of the received wave. The disturbance causes that the underground soil body forming the soil hole has abnormal dielectric constants which are obviously different from the surrounding undisturbed soil body. Therefore, the change of the underground soil body can be deduced through the detection scanning comparison of the geological radar at regular intervals and fixed lines, so that the formation and development processes of the soil hole are monitored, and karst collapse is predicted.
2. Optical fiber monitoring technology
Principle of: the optical fiber monitoring technology is also called Brillouin scattering optical time domain reflection monitoring technology, and is a brand new strain monitoring technology different from the traditional monitoring method. The principle is that when single-frequency light is transmitted in the optical fiber, brillouin back scattering light occurs, and the Brillouin back scattering light is in direct proportion to strain and temperature, and when the temperature difference is less than 5 ℃, the temperature influence can be ignored.
The indirect monitoring method comprises the following steps:
an indirect monitoring method for karst collapse is a relatively effective monitoring technology for a dynamic change sensor of water (gas) pressure in a karst pipeline system.
Principle of: frequent changes in groundwater (gas) pressure can cause deformation and damage to the fourth-series soil layer. When the water (gas) pressure changes or the hydraulic gradient acting on the fourth system bottom soil layer reaches the critical value of the stratum soil body, the fourth system soil layer is damaged, and then the ground subsidence is generated. Therefore, the karst collapse can be monitored and forecasted by monitoring the change of the underground water (gas) pressure.
(1) For linear engineering such as expressways, the karst collapse can be monitored and forecasted by adopting a direct monitoring method such as geological radar, optical fiber and the like. However, the geological radar is suitable for short-distance and small-range areas due to high use cost, and the optical fiber technology which is low in cost and can be used for continuously monitoring is more suitable for karst collapse monitoring and forecasting of long-distance linear engineering.
(2) In terms of geological conditions of the cudrania tricuspidata research area, karst ground subsidence caused by underground water adopts an automatic monitoring technology of a water (gas) pressure sensor in a karst pipeline fracture system, and is also assisted with technologies such as geological radar, optical fiber and the like to monitor the karst subsidence, but if the karst ground subsidence is applicable under other conditions, further practice and research are required.
The monitoring technology is insufficient:
1.1 data anomalies and jumps
Under normal conditions, data monitoring is in steady state most of the time, and large data variability changes are only possible in the presence of objects in rainy days and under the probe. In addition, the monitoring data is also greatly influenced by the artificial engineering activities. Including under tunnel construction and municipal works, etc., under the influence of this external factor, the unstable problem of monitoring equipment can all lead to appearing.
1.2 problem of data discontinuity
In rainy days, the acquisition frequency should be quickened, and data return is carried out every 10 min. In addition, in overcast and rainy days, the solar heat supply plate may have the condition of insufficient power supply, and other reasons influence. Including wireless transmission signals, as well as data delay.
1.3 data correlation is poor
In theory, in rainy days, both the soil moisture content and the soil level value change. However, if the correlation of the data is not great, the monitored data will show that there is not great correlation between rainfall and water content.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the application provides an automatic monitoring system and method suitable for karst collapse, and solves the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: an automatic monitoring system suitable for karst collapse comprises a server and a wireless network transmission unit, wherein the input end of the wireless network transmission unit is connected with the output ends of a plurality of subsystems, and the output end of the wireless network transmission unit is connected with the input end of the server;
the subsystem comprises a ground surface vertical rod, a solar panel is arranged at the top of the ground surface vertical rod, an automatic acquisition and transmission system is arranged at the position, corresponding to the lower part of solar energy, of the ground surface vertical rod, the automatic acquisition and transmission system is connected with a pull-wire type settlement gauge through a signal wire, an integrated supporting seat is arranged on the ground surface vertical rod, the pull-wire type settlement gauge is fixed on the integrated supporting seat, a steel wire rope connected with the pull-wire type settlement gauge is wound on a fixed pulley, the fixed pulley is fixed with the integrated supporting seat, a buried supporting seat is arranged at the bottom of the ground surface vertical rod, concrete filling materials are filled in the buried supporting seat, and the buried supporting seat is embedded in a soil layer;
the bottom of soil layer is equipped with the bedrock, wire rope's bottom is connected with the measuring staff through the wire rope anchor head, the measuring staff runs through embedded supporting seat and imbeds in soil layer and the bedrock, be equipped with the concrete grouting hole in the soil layer, the bottom of measuring staff is connected with the anchor head.
As a further aspect of the application: the automatic acquisition and transmission system comprises a sealed case, wherein a wireless transmission module, an automatic acquisition module, a storage battery and a solar controller are arranged in the sealed case, and the solar panel charges the storage battery through the solar controller.
As a further aspect of the application: the automatic acquisition module adopts an automatic acquisition box, and the model is MJA81, the stay wire type settlement gauge is used for carrying out soft soil settlement monitoring, and the model of the stay wire type settlement gauge is MJ02-F20.
As a further aspect of the application: the specific construction steps of the pull-wire settlement gauge are as follows:
the object to be monitored is the settlement x of the soil surface layer, firstly, punching holes to a certain depth H on a soil layer to be measured, punching holes to a bedrock, inserting a measuring rod with a depth H into the holes, pouring concrete with a depth a to fix the bottom of the measuring rod, backfilling with fine sand, and backfilling with a depth b=h-a-1;
the measuring rod exposes backfill fine sand for 1 meter in the hole, and the backfill fine sand is not backfilled to the space on the surface layer of the soil layer;
installing the embedded support seat to a position 1 meter below the soil layer ground surface, penetrating out the measuring rod from a middle hole of the embedded support seat, backfilling the periphery of the embedded support seat with surface layer undisturbed backfill, and enabling the top end of the embedded support seat to be flush with the ground surface;
the sealed chassis and the solar panel are arranged on the ground surface upright rod, the extension steel wire rope is fixed at the top end of the measuring rod, the ground surface upright rod is vertically arranged on the embedded support seat, and the installation can be completed by fixing the locking bolt.
As a further aspect of the application: the measuring rod is a rigid body, concrete is used for pouring the measuring rod and the reference bottom of the measured soil body, the measuring rod and the reference bottom of the measured soil body are regarded as the same immovable point, the settlement between the surface layer of the measured soil body and the reference point of the bottom of the measured soil body is only converted into the settlement displacement between the surface layer of the measured soil body and the top end of the measuring rod, and the settlement displacement is directly measured by the stay wire type settlement meter, so that the final measurement purpose can be achieved.
As a further aspect of the application: an automated monitoring method suitable for karst collapse, comprising the steps of:
drilling after accurately measuring and lofting the measuring point positions, measuring the vertical condition of the drilling by using plumb with the aperture size of phi 90mm-110mm, enabling the drilling depth to pass through a soft soil layer and be larger than the thickness of a foundation compression layer until the bedrock is 500mm in depth and the bedrock is needed to be put in, burying the drilling by adopting a phi 110PVC sleeve protection wall mode after the drilling is completed, enabling the depth and the bottom of the sleeve burying to be connected with the bedrock, and enabling the top to be 1.5 m away from the ground;
connecting an anchor head and a measuring rod by adopting an equal-diameter joint, slowly placing the measuring rod with the anchor head in a drilled drill hole, enabling the anchor head to face downwards, enabling the measuring rod to face upwards, stopping when the top of the measuring rod is about 200mm higher than an orifice, lengthening the measuring rod by using the equal-diameter joint, placing downwards until the anchor head is placed downwards to the bottom of the hole, determining the actual depth of the hole according to the length of the measuring rod placed in the hole, and enabling the anchor head to be in direct contact with bedrock;
the anchor head and the bedrock are anchored into a whole, the anchor head is fixed in a grouting mode, a grouting pipe is inserted into the hole bottom, the other end of the grouting pipe is connected with a geological drilling water mixing and discharging pipe, grouting is carried out by geological drilling water mixing, and the water and cement ratio is 1:1, the depth of the hole bottom slurry layer is 1-2 meters;
after the extension measuring rod is installed, after cement paste is settled for 2 hours, filling sand into the hole, and tamping the sand slightly by a bamboo rod or a steel pipe with the length of 2 meters while filling the sand, so that the sand is filled to a position 10 centimeters below the ground;
digging a settlement observation pit with the depth of 1 meter and the length of 800mmX and the width of 800mm, forming a hole phi of 90mm in the center of a flange plate at the bottom of an underground upright rod by 500mmX, aligning a middle hole phi of 90mm of the underground upright rod with an extension measuring rod when placing the underground upright rod, leading the middle hole phi of the underground upright rod to pass through the middle of the middle hole, adjusting the levels of the flange plate at the lower end and a connecting plate at the upper end of the underground upright rod by adopting a level bar, and finally backfilling cement and gravel concrete for fixation;
connecting a steel wire rope of a pull-wire type settlement gauge with an extension measuring rod, standing a ground surface upright post after the steel wire rope is connected, ensuring that the underground upright post is aligned with a central hole site of the ground surface upright post, smearing rosin at the joint, and finally locking a nut on a connecting plate at the bottom end of the ground surface upright post;
remote debugging is carried out on the subsystem, various parameters of the monitoring system are remotely debugged and recorded, and the initial measured value of the sensor is zeroed, wherein the content of the sensor comprises the specific embedded position of the pull-wire type settlement meter, the depth of an embedded anchor head, the number of the monitoring point, the number of the pull-wire type settlement meter, the embedded installation date and an installer;
the stay wire type settlement meter is used for observing soft soil ground settlement, and a sensor in the stay wire type settlement meter automatically converts measurement data and directly outputs monitoring physical quantity;
the automatic acquisition and transmission system controls the sensor to automatically measure at a designated time, stores the result in the sensor and returns the result to the server, and when the observation data is extracted, the computer is connected with the automatic acquisition and transmission system to read out the data in the memory of the sensor at one time, and simultaneously supports the remote setting of acquisition frequency and the remote downloading of historical data;
the solar panel charges the storage battery through the solar controller, and the monitoring system works normally;
the automatic acquisition module in the automatic acquisition and transmission system can remotely control the operations of sensor data acquisition, receiving, data analysis, task setting and historical data downloading, exports and deletes sensor data, the data export format is excel, the measurement data of a certain sensor in a specific time is displayed in a graph mode, the measurement data comprises date, time, measured value, offset value and temperature value information, the working state of the sensor is checked, the offset value of the sensor can be adjusted, the acquisition frequency of monitoring data is adjusted, the purpose of intelligent analysis of the monitoring data is achieved, and the measurement data is transmitted to the server through the wireless network transmission unit.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that: by installing the underground water monitoring and the soil layer monitoring in the same hole, the construction cost and the scientific rationality of data are greatly saved; the underground water change exceeds the threshold value, so that the monitoring frequency of monitoring parameters such as sedimentation can be encrypted and adjusted, and the correlation factors among the parameters can be early-warned and analyzed in time, thereby improving the stability and accuracy of data monitoring and having good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the installation of a pull-wire settlement gauge in a subsystem of the application;
in the figure: 1. standing the earth surface; 2. a solar panel; 3. an automatic acquisition and transmission system; 4. a wire rope; 5. an integrated supporting seat; 6. a pull-wire type settlement gauge; 7. a fixed pulley; 8. a buried support; 9. a concrete filler; 10. a soil layer; 11. a measuring rod; 12. concrete grouting holes; 13. an anchor head; 14. a bedrock; 15. a steel rope anchoring head.
Description of the embodiments
The technical scheme of the application is further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present application provides a technical solution: an automatic monitoring system suitable for karst collapse comprises a server and a wireless network transmission unit, wherein the input end of the wireless network transmission unit is connected with the output ends of a plurality of subsystems, and the output end of the wireless network transmission unit is connected with the input end of the server;
the subsystem comprises a ground surface vertical rod 1, a solar panel 2 is arranged at the top of the ground surface vertical rod 1, an automatic acquisition and transmission system 3 is arranged at the position, corresponding to the lower part of solar energy, of the ground surface vertical rod 1, the automatic acquisition and transmission system 3 is connected with a stay wire type settlement gauge 6 through a signal wire, an integrated supporting seat 5 is arranged on the ground surface vertical rod 1, the stay wire type settlement gauge 6 is fixed on the integrated supporting seat 5, a steel wire rope 4 connected with the stay wire type settlement gauge 6 is wound on a fixed pulley 7, the fixed pulley 7 is fixed with the integrated supporting seat 5, a buried supporting seat 8 is arranged at the bottom of the ground surface vertical rod 1, concrete filling materials 9 are filled in the buried supporting seat 8, and the buried supporting seat 8 is embedded in a soil layer 10;
the bottom of soil layer 10 is equipped with bedrock 14, and wire rope 4's bottom is connected with measuring staff 11 through wire rope anchor 15, and measuring staff 11 runs through embedded supporting seat 8 and imbeds in soil layer 10 and the bedrock 14, is equipped with concrete grouting hole 12 in the soil layer 10, and the bottom of measuring staff 11 is connected with anchor head 13.
The automatic acquisition and transmission system 3 comprises a sealed case, a wireless transmission module, an automatic acquisition module, a storage battery and a solar controller are arranged in the sealed case, and the solar panel 2 charges the storage battery through the solar controller.
The automatic acquisition module adopts an automatic acquisition box, the model is MJA81, the pull-wire type settlement gauge 6 is used for soft soil settlement monitoring, and the model of the pull-wire type settlement gauge 6 is MJ02-F20.
The specific construction steps of the pull-wire settlement gauge 6 are as follows:
the object to be monitored is the settlement x of the soil surface layer, firstly, punching holes to a certain depth H on a soil layer 10 to be measured, punching the holes into a bedrock 14, inserting a measuring rod 11 with the depth H into the holes, pouring concrete with the depth a to fix the bottom of the measuring rod 11, and backfilling with fine sand, wherein the backfilling depth b=h-a-1;
the measuring rod 11 is exposed in the hole to backfill fine sand for 1 meter, and the backfill fine sand is not backfilled to the space on the surface layer of the soil layer 10;
the buried support seat 8 is arranged at a position 1 meter below the ground surface of the soil layer 10, a measuring rod 11 penetrates out from a middle hole of the buried support seat 8, the periphery of the buried support seat 8 is backfilled with surface layer undisturbed backfill, and the top end of the buried support seat 8 is flush with the ground surface;
the sealed chassis and the solar panel 2 are installed on the ground surface upright 1, the extension steel wire rope 4 is fixed at the top end of the measuring rod 10, the ground surface upright 1 is vertically installed on the embedded support seat 8, and the installation can be completed by fixing the locking bolt.
The measuring rod 11 is a rigid body, concrete is used for pouring the measuring rod 11 and the reference bottom of the measured soil body, the same immovable point is regarded as, the settlement between the surface layer of the measured soil body and the reference point of the bottom of the measured soil body is only converted into the settlement displacement between the surface layer of the measured soil body and the top end of the measuring rod 11, and the settlement displacement is directly measured by the stay wire type settlement gauge 6, so that the final measurement purpose can be achieved.
An automated monitoring method suitable for karst collapse, comprising the steps of:
drilling after accurately measuring and lofting the measuring point positions, measuring the vertical condition of the drilling by using plumb with the aperture size of phi 90mm-110mm, and enabling the drilling depth to pass through the soft soil layer 10 and be larger than the thickness of the foundation compression layer until the bedrock 14 is 500mm and the bedrock is needed to be put in, after drilling, burying the drilling by adopting a phi 110PVC sleeve protection wall mode, wherein the depth and the bottom of the sleeve burying are connected with the bedrock 14, and the distance between the top and the ground is 1.5 m;
connecting the anchor head 13 and the measuring rod 11 by adopting an equal-diameter joint, slowly placing the measuring rod 11 with the anchor head 13 connected into a drilled hole, enabling the anchor head 13 to face downwards, enabling the measuring rod 11 to face upwards, stopping when the top of the rod 11 to be measured is about 200mm away from the hole, lengthening the measuring rod 11 by using the equal-diameter joint, placing downwards until the anchor head 13 is placed at the bottom of the hole, determining the actual depth of the hole according to the length of the measuring rod 11 placed in the hole, and enabling the anchor head 13 to be in direct contact with the bedrock 14;
the anchor head 13 and the bedrock 14 are anchored into a whole, the anchor head 13 is fixed in a grouting mode, a grouting pipe is inserted into the hole bottom, the other end of the grouting pipe is connected with a water outlet pipe of geological drilling water, grouting is carried out by geological drilling water, and the water and cement ratio is 1:1, the depth of the hole bottom slurry layer is 1-2 meters;
after the extension measuring rod 11 is installed, after cement paste is settled for 2 hours, filling sand into the hole, backfilling, and tamping the sand slightly by using a bamboo pole or a steel pipe with the length of 2 meters while filling the sand, so that the sand is filled to a position 10 centimeters below the ground;
digging a settlement observation pit with the depth of 1 meter, the length of 800mmX and the width of 800mm, forming a hole phi of 90mm in the center of a flange plate at the bottom of an underground upright rod, aligning a middle hole phi of 90mm of the underground upright rod with an extension measuring rod 11 when the underground upright rod is placed, leading the middle hole phi of the underground upright rod to pass through the middle of the middle hole, adjusting the levels of the flange plate at the lower end of the underground upright rod and a connecting plate at the upper end of the underground upright rod by adopting a level bar, and finally backfilling cement and gravel concrete for fixation;
connecting a steel wire rope 4 of a pull-wire settlement gauge 6 with an extension measuring rod 11, standing the ground surface upright rod 1 after connecting the steel wire rope 4, ensuring that the underground upright rod is aligned with the central hole position of the ground surface upright rod 1, smearing rosin at the connecting position, and finally locking a nut on a connecting plate at the bottom end of the ground surface upright rod 1;
remote debugging is carried out on the subsystem, various parameters of the monitoring system are remotely debugged and recorded, and the initial measured value of the sensor is zeroed, wherein the content of the sensor comprises the specific embedded position of the stay wire type settlement gauge 6, the depth of the embedded anchor head 13, the number of the monitoring point, the number of the stay wire type settlement gauge 6, the embedded installation date and the installer;
the stay wire type settlement meter 6 carries out soft soil ground settlement observation, and a sensor in the stay wire type settlement meter 6 automatically converts measurement data and directly outputs monitoring physical quantity;
the automatic acquisition and transmission system 3 controls the sensor to automatically measure at a designated time, stores the result in the sensor and returns the result to the server, and when the observation data is extracted, a computer is connected with the automatic acquisition and transmission system 3 to read out the data in the memory of the sensor once, and simultaneously supports remote setting of acquisition frequency and remote downloading of historical data;
the solar panel 2 charges the storage battery through the solar controller, and the monitoring system works normally;
the automatic acquisition module in the automatic acquisition and transmission system 3 can remotely control the operations of sensor data acquisition, receiving, data analysis, task setting and historical data downloading, exports and deletes sensor data, the data export format is excel, the measurement data of a certain sensor in a specific time is displayed in a graphic mode, the measurement data comprises date, time, measured value, offset value and temperature value information, the working state of the sensor is checked, the offset value of the sensor can be adjusted, the acquisition frequency of monitoring data is adjusted, the purpose of intelligent analysis of the monitoring data is achieved, and the measurement data is transmitted to a server through a wireless network transmission unit.
From the above, it is known that:
by installing the underground water monitoring and the soil layer monitoring in the same hole, the construction cost and the scientific rationality of data are greatly saved;
the underground water change exceeds the threshold value, so that the monitoring frequency of monitoring parameters such as sedimentation and the like can be encrypted and adjusted, and the correlation factors among the parameters are early-warned and analyzed in time, so that the stability and the accuracy of data monitoring are improved.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described in detail, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present application within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. An automatic monitoring system suitable for karst subsidence, includes server and wireless network transmission unit, its characterized in that: the input end of the wireless network transmission unit is connected with the output ends of the subsystems, and the output end of the wireless network transmission unit is connected with the input end of the server;
the subsystem comprises a ground surface vertical rod (1), a solar panel (2) is arranged at the top of the ground surface vertical rod (1), an automatic acquisition and transmission system (3) is arranged at a position, corresponding to the lower part of solar energy, of the ground surface vertical rod (1), the automatic acquisition and transmission system (3) is connected with a stay wire type settlement gauge (6) through a signal wire, an integrated supporting seat (5) is arranged on the ground surface vertical rod (1), the stay wire type settlement gauge (6) is fixed on the integrated supporting seat (5), a steel wire rope (4) connected with the stay wire type settlement gauge (6) is wound on a fixed pulley (7), the fixed pulley (7) is fixed with the integrated supporting seat (5), a buried supporting seat (8) is arranged at the bottom of the ground surface vertical rod (1), concrete filling materials (9) are filled in the buried supporting seat (8) and embedded in a soil layer (10);
the bottom of soil layer (10) is equipped with bedrock (14), the bottom of wire rope (4) is connected with measuring staff (11) through wire rope anchor head (15), measuring staff (11) run through embedded type supporting seat (8) and in embedded soil layer (10) and bedrock (14), be equipped with concrete grouting hole (12) in soil layer (10), the bottom of measuring staff (11) is connected with anchor head (13).
2. An automated monitoring system adapted for karst collapse according to claim 1, wherein: the automatic acquisition and transmission system (3) comprises a sealed case, wherein a wireless transmission module, an automatic acquisition module, a storage battery and a solar controller are arranged in the sealed case, and the solar panel (2) charges the storage battery through the solar controller.
3. An automated monitoring system adapted for karst collapse according to claim 2, wherein: the automatic acquisition module adopts an automatic acquisition box, the model is MJA81, the stay wire type settlement gauge (6) is used for soft soil settlement monitoring, and the model of the stay wire type settlement gauge (6) is MJ02-F20.
4. An automated monitoring system for karst collapse according to claim 3, characterized in that the pull-wire sedimentation meter (6) comprises the following specific construction steps:
the object to be monitored is the settlement x of the soil surface layer, firstly, punching holes to a certain depth H on a soil layer (10) to be measured, punching the holes into a bedrock (14), inserting a measuring rod (11) with the depth H into the holes, pouring concrete with the depth a, fixing the bottom of the measuring rod (11), backfilling with fine sand, and backfilling with the depth b=h-a-1;
the measuring rod (11) is exposed in the hole to backfill fine sand for 1 meter, and the backfill fine sand is not backfilled to the space on the surface layer of the soil layer (10);
installing the embedded support seat (8) to a position 1 meter below the earth surface of the soil layer (10), penetrating the measuring rod (11) out of a middle hole of the embedded support seat (8), and backfilling the periphery of the embedded support seat (8) with surface layer undisturbed backfill soil, wherein the top end of the embedded support seat (8) is flush with the earth surface;
the sealed chassis and the solar panel (2) are installed on the ground surface upright rod (1), the extension steel wire rope (4) is fixed at the top end of the measuring rod (10), the ground surface upright rod (1) is vertically installed on the embedded support seat (8), and the installation can be completed through the fixation of the locking bolt.
5. An automated monitoring system for karst collapse according to claim 4, wherein: the measuring rod (11) is a rigid body, concrete is used for pouring the measuring rod (11) and the reference bottom of the measured soil body, the sedimentation between the measured soil body surface layer and the reference point of the measured soil body bottom is only converted into sedimentation displacement between the measured soil body surface layer and the top end of the measuring rod (11), and the sedimentation displacement is directly measured by the stay wire type settlement meter (6), so that the final measurement purpose can be achieved.
6. An automated monitoring method for karst collapse according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
drilling can be carried out after accurate measurement and lofting are carried out on the measuring point positions, the aperture size is phi 90mm-110mm, the vertical condition of drilling is measured by using plumb, the drilling depth penetrates through a soft soil layer (10) and is larger than the thickness of a foundation compression layer until bedrock (14) and rock is 500mm to be embedded, after drilling is finished, drilling is carried out in a phi 110PVC sleeve retaining wall mode, the embedded depth of the sleeve, the bottom of the sleeve are connected with the bedrock (14), and the distance between the top of the sleeve and the ground is 1.5 m;
connecting an anchor head (13) and a measuring rod (11) by adopting an equal-diameter joint, slowly placing the measuring rod (11) connected with the anchor head (13) into a drilled hole, enabling the anchor head (13) to face downwards, enabling the measuring rod (11) to face upwards, stopping when the top of the rod (11) to be tested is about 200mm higher than an orifice, lengthening the measuring rod (11) by using the equal-diameter joint, placing downwards until the anchor head (13) is placed at the bottom of the hole, determining the actual depth of the hole according to the length of the measuring rod (11) placed in the hole, and enabling the anchor head (13) to be in direct contact with a bedrock (14);
anchor head (13) and bedrock (14) anchor become whole then use the slip casting mode with anchor head (13) fixed, insert grouting pipe directly to the hole bottom, the other end of grouting pipe is connected with the geological drilling and is pounded the outlet pipe, fill slurry with geological drilling and is pounded, and water, cement proportion 1:1, the depth of the hole bottom slurry layer is 1-2 meters;
after the extension measuring rod (11) is installed, filling sand into the hole for backfilling after cement paste is precipitated for 2 hours, and tamping the sand slightly by a bamboo rod or a steel pipe with the length of 2 meters while filling the sand to a position 10 centimeters below the ground;
digging a settlement observation pit with the depth of 1 meter, the length of 800mmX and the width of 800mm, forming a hole phi of 90mm in the center of a flange plate at the bottom of an underground upright rod, aligning a middle hole phi of 90mm of the underground upright rod with an extension measuring rod (11) when the underground upright rod is placed, leading the middle hole phi of the underground upright rod to pass through the middle of the middle hole, adjusting the levels of the flange plate at the lower end of the underground upright rod and a connecting plate at the upper end of the underground upright rod by adopting a level bar, and finally backfilling cement and gravel concrete for fixation;
connecting a steel wire rope (4) of a pull-wire type settlement gauge (6) with an extension measuring rod (11), standing a ground surface upright rod (1) after connecting the steel wire rope (4), ensuring that the underground upright rod is aligned with a central hole of the ground surface upright rod (1), smearing rosin at the connecting position, and finally locking a nut on a connecting plate at the bottom end of the ground surface upright rod (1);
remote debugging is carried out on the subsystem, various parameters of the monitoring system are remotely debugged and recorded, and the initial measured value of the sensor is zeroed, wherein the content of the sensor comprises the specific embedded position of the stay wire type settlement meter (6), the depth of the embedded anchor head (13), the number of the monitoring point, the number of the stay wire type settlement meter (6), the embedded installation date and the installer;
the stay wire type settlement meter (6) is used for observing the settlement of soft soil ground, and a sensor in the stay wire type settlement meter (6) automatically converts measurement data and directly outputs monitoring physical quantity;
the automatic acquisition and transmission system (3) controls the sensor to automatically measure at a designated time, stores the result in the sensor and returns the result to the server, and when the observation data is extracted, the computer is connected with the automatic acquisition and transmission system (3) to read out the data in the memory of the sensor at one time, and simultaneously supports the remote setting of acquisition frequency and the remote downloading of historical data;
the solar panel (2) charges the storage battery through the solar controller, and the monitoring system works normally;
the automatic acquisition module in the automatic acquisition and transmission system (3) can remotely control the operations of sensor data acquisition, receiving, data analysis, task setting and historical data downloading, exports and deletes sensor data, the data export format is excel, the measurement data of a certain sensor in a specific time is displayed in a graphic mode, the measurement data comprises date, time, measured value, offset value and temperature value information, the working state of the sensor is checked, the offset value of the sensor can be adjusted, the acquisition frequency of the monitoring data is adjusted, the purpose of intelligent analysis of the monitoring data is achieved, and the measurement data is transmitted to the server through the wireless network transmission unit.
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