CN116642274A - Active and passive integrated refrigerating device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses an active and passive integrated refrigerating device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation, which comprises: a cover plate of the transparent plate; the box body comprises a frame and a bottom plate; the frame and the bottom plate are integrally arranged, and the frame is in interference fit with the cover plate; convex air openings are arranged on the front-back symmetrical surfaces of the frame; the spectrum selective PV-RC composite board is inlaid at the lower part of the cover plate and fixed on the frame; the spectrum selective PV-RC composite board comprises a polished aluminum composite board, a reflective radiation refrigeration film and a plurality of photovoltaic cells, wherein the reflective radiation refrigeration film is tightly attached to the first surface of the polished aluminum composite board, and the photovoltaic cells are inlaid on the surface of the reflective radiation refrigeration film at equal intervals; the cooling air duct penetrates through the central axis of the box body and is positioned below the spectrum selectivity PV-RC composite board; a plurality of heat exchange channels are arranged on the bottom plate; the thermoelectric cooler is in interference fit with the base plate. The application can realize the passive refrigeration process, thereby achieving the effect of zero energy consumption and zero emission.

Description

Active and passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration, in particular to an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation.

Background technique

In related technologies, refrigeration devices are widely used in buildings, vehicles, ships, factories and even laboratories, which can provide a comfortable living environment and improve the quality of goods and the safety of instruments. With global warming and hotter climates, the energy consumption of active cooling devices such as air conditioners is increasing dramatically. The most widely used refrigeration method is the compression refrigerator. The magnetic levitation central air conditioner was launched. Compared with the traditional air conditioner, it has the characteristics of high efficiency, maintenance-free, low noise, and long life, but at the same time it has the characteristics of high cost, difficult to use waste heat, and large size. Most of the air conditioners on the market are driven by grid electricity, and the power is high and the power consumption is high, so it cannot effectively save electricity.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the present invention proposes an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation, which can effectively save electric energy.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation, including:

a cover plate, the cover plate is a transparent plate;

A box body, the box body includes a frame and a bottom plate; the frame and the bottom plate are integrated, and the frame and the cover plate are in interference fit; the front and rear symmetrical surfaces of the frame are provided with protrusions tuyere;

A spectrally selective PV-RC composite board, the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board is embedded in the lower part of the cover plate and fixed on the frame; the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board includes polished aluminum plywood, reflective Radiative cooling film and several photovoltaic cells, the reflective radiative cooling film is attached to the first surface of the polished aluminum plywood, and the several photovoltaic cells are equidistantly embedded on the surface of the reflective radiative cooling film;

A cooling air channel, the cooling air channel runs through the central axis of the box and is located below the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board;

Several heat exchange channels, the dry heat exchange channels are all set on the bottom plate;

a thermoelectric cooler, the thermoelectric cooler is interference fit with the base plate;

Wherein, when the solar radiation intensity meets the first preset condition, the thermoelectric cooler provides working power through the photovoltaic cell to perform active cooling; when the solar radiation intensity meets the second preset condition, the reflective radiation cooling film is based on Infrared thermal radiation band for passive cooling.

In some embodiments, the reflective radiative cooling film includes a coating layer, a metal layer, and a transparent polyester PET layer; the metal layer is located on top of the transparent polyester PET layer, and the coating layer is located on the above the metal layer.

In some embodiments, the preparation step of the coating layer includes:

Microspheres with a particle size between 1 micron and 15 microns are randomly embedded in polymethyl methacrylate coatings, and then prepared by dipping, spraying or casting to obtain a thickness between 0 microns and 150 microns film as the coating layer.

In some embodiments, the preparation step of the metal layer includes:

A metal layer with a thickness ranging from 15 nanometers to 150 nanometers is deposited on the back of the transparent polyester PET layer by magnetron sputtering.

In some embodiments, the particle size of the microspheres comprises 4 microns.

In some embodiments, the coating layer accounts for 14.55% of the thickness of the reflective radiative cooling film, the metal layer accounts for 0.10% of the reflective radiative cooling film's thickness, and the transparent The polyester PET layer accounts for 85.35% of the thickness of the reflective radiation cooling film.

In some embodiments, the cooling air channel is composed of thermal insulation material and the frame; the heat exchange channel is composed of thermal insulation material and the bottom plate.

In some embodiments, the device also includes:

A transparent cover, the transparent cover covers the outer surface of the cover plate.

In some embodiments, the transparent cover is composed of a low density polyethylene film.

In some embodiments, the thermoelectric cooler comprises a portico thermoelectric cooler.

An active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation provided by an embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

In this embodiment, several photovoltaic cells are arranged on the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board, so that when the intensity of solar radiation is high, the photovoltaic cells can provide working power for the thermoelectric cooler and then carry out active cooling, which greatly saves power consumption; And the reflective radiation cooling film is set on the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board, so that when the solar radiation intensity is small, the radiation cooling can be performed through the reflective radiation cooling film, so as to realize the passive cooling process, and then achieve zero energy consumption and zero emission Effect.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is an overall schematic diagram of an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a spectrally selective PV-RC composite panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of experimental data according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only In order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, it does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, several means more than one, and multiple means more than two. Greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including the original number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the original number. If the description of the first and second is only for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, it cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features relation.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as setting, installation, and connection should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

In the description of the present invention, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" is intended to mean that the embodiments are A specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described by or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

In the related art, in order to maintain the comfort of the living environment, the quality of goods and the safety of instruments, refrigeration devices are widely used in buildings, vehicles, ships, factories and even laboratories. Today, under the conditions of global warming and hotter climate, the energy consumption of active cooling devices such as air conditioners has increased dramatically. The most widely used refrigeration method is the compression refrigerator. After the launch of the maglev central air conditioner, compared with the traditional air conditioner, it has the characteristics of high efficiency, maintenance-free, low noise, and long life, but at the same time it has the characteristics of high cost, difficult to use waste heat, and large size. Most of the air conditioners on the market are driven by grid electricity, and the power is high and the power consumption is high, so it cannot effectively save electricity.

With the emergence of passive cooling technology based on sky radiation cooling, it is based on the high-temperature heat source on the earth's surface emitting infrared radiation to the universe through the "atmospheric window" band (8-13μm) to achieve its own cooling process, as a cooling technology that does not require energy input , sky radiative cooling can provide a new idea to deal with energy crisis and global warming. However, it is limited by factors such as a small radiation window and is greatly affected by weather, low cooling power density and strong environmental variability, so it is difficult to use it alone to replace active cooling devices for space cooling. Therefore, how to make the existing refrigeration technology more energy-saving and emission-reducing and to find an alternative new refrigeration technology is an urgent problem to be solved.

A thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is a device based on the Peltier effect that typically includes two semiconductor materials and transfers heat from one side of the device to the other while forcing an electric current through it. A TEC has no moving parts and Working fluid, reliable operation and small size. However, there are few researches on the optimal design of the cooling system of the cold and hot ends of the thermoelectric cooler, and its disadvantages such as small power and size and difficulty in array arrangement make it poorly adaptable to other power supply equipment. Therefore, how to realize the effective heat dissipation of the thermoelectric cooler and how to realize the array arrangement of the power supply modules of the thermoelectric cooler is a major problem in semiconductor refrigeration.

Based on the above problems, referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation, including a cover plate 100, a box body, a spectrally selective PV-RC composite board 300, a cooling Air duct, several heat exchange channels 500 and thermoelectric cooler 400. It can be understood that the cover plate in this embodiment is a transparent plate, which is convenient for sunlight to enter the box. The box body includes a frame 200 and a bottom plate 600; the frame 200 and the bottom plate 600 are integrated, that is, the frame and the bottom plate cannot be disassembled. The frame 200 and the cover plate 100 have an interference fit. The interference fit refers to relying on the interference value of the shaft and the hole. After assembly, an elastic pressure is generated between the surfaces of the parts to obtain a tight connection. The front and rear symmetrical surfaces of the frame are provided with protruding tuyere, and the protruding tuyere includes an inlet 201 and an outlet 202 . The spectrally selective PV-RC composite panel 300 is embedded in the lower part of the cover plate 100 and fixed on the frame 200 . PV means photovoltaic cell, RC means reflective radiative cooling film, PV-RC composite panel is the combination of photovoltaic cell and reflective radiative cooling film, and the photovoltaic cell is covered on the surface of reflective radiative cooling film. Specifically, as shown in Figure 3, the spectrally selective PV-RC composite panel includes a polished aluminum plywood 303, a reflective radiative cooling film 302, and several photovoltaic cells 303, and the reflective radiative cooling film 302 is closely attached to the polished aluminum plywood 303. On the first side, several photovoltaic cells 301 are equidistantly embedded on the surface of the reflective radiation cooling film 302 . The cooling air channel runs through the central axis of the box and is located under the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board. The dry heat exchange channels are all opened on the bottom plate, and several heat exchange channels may include 18 heat exchange channels. The thermoelectric cooler is an interference fit with the base plate.

In this embodiment, when the intensity of solar radiation meets the first preset condition, the thermoelectric cooler provides working power through photovoltaic cells to perform active cooling; when the intensity of solar radiation meets the second preset condition, the reflective radiation cooling film is based on infrared heat Radiant band for passive cooling.

Based on this principle, the device in the embodiment of the present application can operate in the following two modes:

Mode 1: When the solar radiation intensity is strong during the day, the sunlight in the 0.3-1.1 micron band acts on the photovoltaic cell for photovoltaic power generation, the TEC is powered and starts to work, and the cold end generates cold energy to create a cooling space; the reflective radiation cooling film pair includes It has high reflectivity in other full-spectrum ranges including the solar light band, which prevents the surface of the cooling space from being heated by sunlight and heat storage. The refrigerating device is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, which can generate cold air for subsequent use through convection and other forms.

Mode 2: When the solar radiation intensity is weak at night, the reflective radiative cooling film has a high emissivity for the infrared thermal radiation band of 8-13 nanometer band, which strengthens the infrared radiation of the atmospheric window and performs radiative cooling.

In the embodiment of the present application, the reflective radiative cooling film includes a coating layer, a metal layer and a transparent polyester PET layer; the metal layer is located above the transparent polyester PET layer, and the coating layer is located above the metal layer. It can be understood that the preparation step of the coating layer includes: randomly embedding micron spheres with a particle size between 1 micron and 15 microns in the polymethyl methacrylate coating, and then by dipping, spraying or casting The process prepares a thin film with a thickness between 0 microns and 150 microns as a coating layer, so that the coating layer can provide up to 96% solar reflectance, thereby improving the cooling effect. The coating layer prepared in this example can not only enhance the emission of the 8-13 nanometer infrared heat radiation band, but also have a higher reflectivity for solar radiation in other spectral ranges including the sunlight band, which is compatible with photovoltaic cells. The role is to create a better cooling space for the lower part of the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board, so as to achieve the effect of cooling.

In the embodiment of the present application, the coating layer may include polymethyl methacrylate paint, micron spheres (TiO2 with a particle size of 4 nanometers), benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, ethoxylated aliphatic alkylamine Antistatic agent, indium tin oxide (ITO) and antimony tin oxide (ATO) infrared absorber with a mass ratio of 1:1, the metal layer is metal chromium and metal titanium, and the transparent polyester PET layer is biaxially stretched PET . In the spectrally selective PV-RC composite panel, the coating layer accounts for 14.55% of the thickness of the reflective radiation cooling film, the metal layer accounts for 0.10% of the thickness of the reflective radiation cooling film, and the transparent polyester PET layer is The thickness proportion of the reflective radiative cooling film includes 85.35%.

When microspheres with a particle size of about 1-15 μm (TiO2 with a particle size of 4 μm) are randomly embedded in polymethyl methacrylate coatings, and then made into 50-150 μm by dip coating, spraying or casting processes At the same time, a 15-150nm thick metal layer is deposited on the back of the transparent ester PET by magnetron sputtering, which can provide up to 96% solar reflectance and further improve the cooling effect. This material can not only radiate energy in the form of infrared electromagnetic waves, but also has a high reflectivity of solar energy in other spectral ranges including sunlight bands, thereby achieving the cooling effect.

It can be understood that in this embodiment, the reflective radiative cooling film material with the strongest infrared emission and reflection capabilities was produced and selected, and multiple experiments were performed to verify it. By comparing three different preparation materials, they are:

Experimental group 1: 10% titanium dioxide + organic glass (PMMA 100μm);

Experimental group 2: 10% titanium dioxide + polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS 100 μm);

Experimental group 3: 10% titanium dioxide + polymethyl methacrylate.

The above experimental data were plotted to obtain the graph shown in FIG. 4 . From Figure 4, it can be determined that 10% titanium dioxide and polymethyl methacrylate are about 2°C lower than the ambient temperature during the day, and have the best emission performance.

In the embodiment of the present application, the cooling air channel is composed of thermal insulation material and the frame; the heat exchange channel is composed of thermal insulation material and the bottom plate. In this embodiment, by setting cooling air passages and heat exchange passages, excess heat generated in the device can be better taken away, thereby maintaining a low temperature state of the environment.

In the embodiment of the present application, 21 crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells 301 can be installed on the upper surface of the reflective radiative cooling film, with 7 cells in each row and 3 rows evenly distributed. The photovoltaic cells act as a sunshade, reducing direct sunlight and converting 0.3-1.1 nm wavelength solar energy into electricity, which powers the thermoelectric cooler (TEC).

In the embodiment of the present application, the device further includes a transparent cover, and the transparent cover covers the outer surface of the cover plate. The transparent cover is composed of low-density polyethylene film, which can cover almost the entire band to reduce convective heat transfer, and effectively protect the device from rain, dust and other factors.

In the embodiment of this application, the thermoelectric cooler may include a porch-type thermoelectric cooler, which is a promising alternative cooling device that generates cooling energy based on the "Partier effect". hot noodles. The cold side is conducive to creating a better cooling space. Its hot-faced ceramic features extended edges to securely hold leads for routing multiple thermoelectric coolers into an array. The TEC (Thermoelectric Cooler) is powered by photovoltaic cells, does not need to provide redundant power, and can well match the solar radiation and cooling load distribution, and has good adaptability to solar radiation.

It can be seen that this embodiment combines solar power generation, semiconductor cooling and radiation cooling technologies, and has the active and passive integrated cooling effect of sky radiation cooling and thermoelectric cooler cooling, and the photovoltaic power generation module and radiation cooling module promote each other, without the need for an external power supply. It can produce higher refrigeration efficiency and realize zero emission and zero energy consumption.

Based on this, the refrigeration device provided by the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

First, uninterrupted refrigeration throughout the day. This embodiment combines photovoltaic cells, reflective radiative cooling films, and thermoelectric coolers (TECs). Other full-spectrum ranges have higher reflectivity to reduce surface heat absorption; at night, the reflective radiative cooling film performs radiative cooling. At this time, photovoltaic cells help the reflective radiative cooling film to have more significant emission performance, thereby achieving 24h full-spectrum cooling. High-efficiency cooling for days.

Second, self-adaptive adjustment for different working conditions. The active cooling power of this embodiment will be automatically controlled with the size of the solar radiation intensity. When the solar radiation intensity is high, the photovoltaic cells will generate more electricity, so that the cooling power of a single thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is large, and the power distributor is connected to the The temperature sensor can control the number of TEC openings according to the heat load, so as to realize the precise control of the active cooling power; when the solar radiation intensity is small, the cooling power of the thermoelectric cooler is small. At night, the reflective radiation cooling film mainly performs passive cooling. If the ambient heat load is large, the thermoelectric cooler will be turned on for compensatory cooling. The cooling capacity supplied by the device throughout the day is adjusted with the intensity of solar radiation to realize the passive self-adaptation of the device.

Third, multi-frequency utilization of solar radiation. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cell and the reflective radiation cooling film are combined to form a composite panel. While photovoltaic power generation is performed, the reflective radiation cooling film can prevent objects from gaining heat and enhance radiation heat dissipation of objects. While providing electric energy, the composite board greatly reduces the heat load, improves the cooling efficiency, and has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection (when the photovoltaic cell is working, the light in the 0.3-1.1 μm band is used, and the reflective radiation cooling film is suitable for 8 Solar energy in the -13μm band has high emissivity to achieve passive cooling, while solar energy in other spectral ranges including sunlight bands have higher reflectivity).

Fourth, independent energy supply and efficient use. This embodiment combines photovoltaic cells with semiconductor refrigeration and heating technologies. The photovoltaic cells provide energy to the semiconductor refrigeration device to achieve the purpose of refrigeration and create an excellent refrigeration space. At the same time, the energy at the hot end of the semiconductor device can be collected and stored through cooling water. As domestic hot water, it not only reduces heat retention, but also improves energy saving and economy.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and within the scope of knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Variety. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other if there is no conflict.

Claims (10)

1. An active and passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation, characterized in that it comprises: a cover plate, the cover plate is a transparent plate; A box body, the box body includes a frame and a bottom plate; the frame and the bottom plate are integrated, and the frame and the cover plate are in interference fit; the front and rear symmetrical surfaces of the frame are provided with protrusions tuyere; A spectrally selective PV-RC composite board, the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board is embedded in the lower part of the cover plate and fixed on the frame; the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board includes polished aluminum plywood, reflective Radiative cooling film and several photovoltaic cells, the reflective radiative cooling film is attached to the first surface of the polished aluminum plywood, and the several photovoltaic cells are equidistantly embedded on the surface of the reflective radiative cooling film; A cooling air channel, the cooling air channel runs through the central axis of the box and is located below the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board; Several heat exchange channels, the dry heat exchange channels are all set on the bottom plate; a thermoelectric cooler, the thermoelectric cooler is interference fit with the base plate; Wherein, when the solar radiation intensity meets the first preset condition, the thermoelectric cooler provides working power through the photovoltaic cell to perform active cooling; when the solar radiation intensity meets the second preset condition, the reflective radiation cooling film is based on Infrared thermal radiation band for passive cooling. 2. A kind of active-passive integrated cooling device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that, the reflective radiation cooling film comprises a coating layer, a metal layer and a transparent polyester PET layer; A metal layer is located above the transparent polyester PET layer, and the coating layer is located above the metal layer. 3. A kind of active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 2, characterized in that, the preparation step of the coating layer comprises: Microspheres with a particle size between 1 micron and 15 microns are randomly embedded in polymethyl methacrylate coatings, and then prepared by dipping, spraying or casting to obtain a thickness between 0 microns and 150 microns film as the coating layer. 4. An active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 2, wherein the preparation step of the metal layer comprises: A metal layer with a thickness ranging from 15 nanometers to 150 nanometers is deposited on the back of the transparent polyester PET layer by magnetron sputtering. 5. An active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 3, wherein the particle size of the micron spheres is 4 microns. 6. An active-passive integrated cooling device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that the thickness ratio of the coating layer to the reflective radiation cooling film includes 14.55%, the metal layer accounts for 0.10% of the thickness of the reflective radiation cooling film, and the transparent polyester PET layer accounts for 85.35% of the thickness of the reflective radiation cooling film. 7. A kind of active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that, the cooling air channel is made up of thermal insulation material and the frame; the heat exchange channel has thermal insulation material and the bottom plate. 8. An active-passive integrated cooling device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device further comprises: A transparent cover, the transparent cover covers the outer surface of the cover plate. 9 . The active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 8 , wherein the transparent cover is composed of a low-density polyethylene film. 10. An active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric cooler comprises a porch-type thermoelectric cooler.