CN116642274A - Active and passive integrated refrigerating device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation - Google Patents

Active and passive integrated refrigerating device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116642274A
CN116642274A CN202310786368.4A CN202310786368A CN116642274A CN 116642274 A CN116642274 A CN 116642274A CN 202310786368 A CN202310786368 A CN 202310786368A CN 116642274 A CN116642274 A CN 116642274A
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cooling
active
radiation
photovoltaic
reflective
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吕松
田俊未
段知予
张泽徐
欧阳昌昊
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B23/00Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
    • F25B23/003Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect using selective radiation effect
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses an active and passive integrated refrigerating device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation, which comprises: a cover plate of the transparent plate; the box body comprises a frame and a bottom plate; the frame and the bottom plate are integrally arranged, and the frame is in interference fit with the cover plate; convex air openings are arranged on the front-back symmetrical surfaces of the frame; the spectrum selective PV-RC composite board is inlaid at the lower part of the cover plate and fixed on the frame; the spectrum selective PV-RC composite board comprises a polished aluminum composite board, a reflective radiation refrigeration film and a plurality of photovoltaic cells, wherein the reflective radiation refrigeration film is tightly attached to the first surface of the polished aluminum composite board, and the photovoltaic cells are inlaid on the surface of the reflective radiation refrigeration film at equal intervals; the cooling air duct penetrates through the central axis of the box body and is positioned below the spectrum selectivity PV-RC composite board; a plurality of heat exchange channels are arranged on the bottom plate; the thermoelectric cooler is in interference fit with the base plate. The application can realize the passive refrigeration process, thereby achieving the effect of zero energy consumption and zero emission.

Description

基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置Active and passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及制冷技术领域,尤其是一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置。The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration, in particular to an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation.

背景技术Background technique

相关技术中,制冷装置被广泛应用于建筑物、车辆、船舶、工厂甚至实验室,能够提供舒适的居住环境,提高货物的质量和仪器的安全。随着全球变暖和气候越来越炎热,空调等主动制冷装置的能源消耗极具增加。目前使用广泛的制冷方式为压缩式制冷机。磁悬浮中央空调被推出,相比于传统空调其具有高效率、免维护、噪声小、寿命长等特点,但同时有造价高、余热难利用、体型大等特点。市面上可见的空调大多数都是由电网电力驱动,而且功率较大耗电量高,无法有效的节省电能。In related technologies, refrigeration devices are widely used in buildings, vehicles, ships, factories and even laboratories, which can provide a comfortable living environment and improve the quality of goods and the safety of instruments. With global warming and hotter climates, the energy consumption of active cooling devices such as air conditioners is increasing dramatically. The most widely used refrigeration method is the compression refrigerator. The magnetic levitation central air conditioner was launched. Compared with the traditional air conditioner, it has the characteristics of high efficiency, maintenance-free, low noise, and long life, but at the same time it has the characteristics of high cost, difficult to use waste heat, and large size. Most of the air conditioners on the market are driven by grid electricity, and the power is high and the power consumption is high, so it cannot effectively save electricity.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,能够有效节省电能。The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the present invention proposes an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation, which can effectively save electric energy.

本发明实施例提供了一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,包括:An embodiment of the present invention provides an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation, including:

盖板,所述盖板为透明板;a cover plate, the cover plate is a transparent plate;

箱体,所述箱体包括机架和底板;所述机架和所述底板一体化设置,所述机架与所述盖板过盈配合;所述机架的前后对称面设有凸起风口;A box body, the box body includes a frame and a bottom plate; the frame and the bottom plate are integrated, and the frame and the cover plate are in interference fit; the front and rear symmetrical surfaces of the frame are provided with protrusions tuyere;

光谱选择性PV-RC复合板,所述光谱选择性PV-RC复合板镶嵌于所述盖板下部并固定在所述机架上;光谱选择性PV-RC复合板包括抛光铝合板、反射型辐射制冷膜和若干个光伏电池,所述反射型辐射制冷膜紧贴于所述抛光铝合板的第一面,所述若干个光伏电池等距镶嵌于所述反射型辐射制冷膜表面;A spectrally selective PV-RC composite board, the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board is embedded in the lower part of the cover plate and fixed on the frame; the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board includes polished aluminum plywood, reflective Radiative cooling film and several photovoltaic cells, the reflective radiative cooling film is attached to the first surface of the polished aluminum plywood, and the several photovoltaic cells are equidistantly embedded on the surface of the reflective radiative cooling film;

冷却风道,所述冷却风道贯穿于所述箱体的中心轴线且位于所述光谱选择性PV-RC复合板下方;A cooling air channel, the cooling air channel runs through the central axis of the box and is located below the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board;

若干个换热通道,所述干个换热通道均开设于所述底板上;Several heat exchange channels, the dry heat exchange channels are all set on the bottom plate;

热电冷却器,所述热电冷却器与所述底板过盈配合;a thermoelectric cooler, the thermoelectric cooler is interference fit with the base plate;

其中,当太阳辐射强度符合第一预设条件,所述热电冷却器通过所述光伏电池提供工作电源进而进行主动制冷;当太阳辐射强度符合第二预设条件,所述反射型辐射制冷膜基于红外热辐射波段进行被动制冷。Wherein, when the solar radiation intensity meets the first preset condition, the thermoelectric cooler provides working power through the photovoltaic cell to perform active cooling; when the solar radiation intensity meets the second preset condition, the reflective radiation cooling film is based on Infrared thermal radiation band for passive cooling.

在一些实施例中,所述反射型辐射制冷膜包括涂布层、金属层和透明聚酯PET层;所述金属层位于所述透明聚酯PET层的上方,所述涂布层位于所述金属层的上方。In some embodiments, the reflective radiative cooling film includes a coating layer, a metal layer, and a transparent polyester PET layer; the metal layer is located on top of the transparent polyester PET layer, and the coating layer is located on the above the metal layer.

在一些实施例中,所述涂布层的制备步骤包括:In some embodiments, the preparation step of the coating layer includes:

将粒径大小在1微米-15微米之间的微米球体随机镶嵌在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯涂料中,然后通过浸涂、喷涂或流延的工艺制备得到厚度大小在0微米-150微米之间的薄膜作为涂布层。Microspheres with a particle size between 1 micron and 15 microns are randomly embedded in polymethyl methacrylate coatings, and then prepared by dipping, spraying or casting to obtain a thickness between 0 microns and 150 microns film as the coating layer.

在一些实施例中,所述金属层的制备步骤包括:In some embodiments, the preparation step of the metal layer includes:

采用磁控溅射法在所述透明聚酯PET层的背面沉积厚度范围在15纳米-150纳米之间的金属层。A metal layer with a thickness ranging from 15 nanometers to 150 nanometers is deposited on the back of the transparent polyester PET layer by magnetron sputtering.

在一些实施例中,微米球体的粒径大小包括4微米。In some embodiments, the particle size of the microspheres comprises 4 microns.

在一些实施例中,所述涂布层在所述反射型辐射制冷膜的厚度占比包括14.55%,所述金属层在所述反射型辐射制冷膜的厚度占比包括0.10%,所述透明聚酯PET层在所述反射型辐射制冷膜的厚度占比包括85.35%。In some embodiments, the coating layer accounts for 14.55% of the thickness of the reflective radiative cooling film, the metal layer accounts for 0.10% of the reflective radiative cooling film's thickness, and the transparent The polyester PET layer accounts for 85.35% of the thickness of the reflective radiation cooling film.

在一些实施例中,所述冷却风道由保温材料和所述机架组成;所述换热通道有保温材料和所述底板组成。In some embodiments, the cooling air channel is composed of thermal insulation material and the frame; the heat exchange channel is composed of thermal insulation material and the bottom plate.

在一些实施例中,所述装置还包括:In some embodiments, the device also includes:

透明罩,所述透明罩覆盖于所述盖板外表面。A transparent cover, the transparent cover covers the outer surface of the cover plate.

在一些实施例中,所述透明罩由低密度聚乙烯薄膜组成。In some embodiments, the transparent cover is composed of a low density polyethylene film.

在一些实施例中,所述热电冷却器包括门廊式热电冷却器。In some embodiments, the thermoelectric cooler comprises a portico thermoelectric cooler.

本发明实施例提供的一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,具有如下有益效果:An active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation provided by an embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

本实施例通过在光谱选择性PV-RC复合板上设置若干个光伏电池,从而可以在太阳辐射强度较大时,通过光伏电池为热电冷却器提供工作电源进而进行主动制冷,大大节省功耗;并且在光谱选择性PV-RC复合板上设置反射型辐射制冷膜,从而可以在太阳辐射强度较小时,通过反射型辐射制冷膜进行辐射制冷,从而实现被动制冷过程,进而达到零能耗零排放的效果。In this embodiment, several photovoltaic cells are arranged on the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board, so that when the intensity of solar radiation is high, the photovoltaic cells can provide working power for the thermoelectric cooler and then carry out active cooling, which greatly saves power consumption; And the reflective radiation cooling film is set on the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board, so that when the solar radiation intensity is small, the radiation cooling can be performed through the reflective radiation cooling film, so as to realize the passive cooling process, and then achieve zero energy consumption and zero emission Effect.

本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本发明的实践了解到。Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

附图说明Description of drawings

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,其中:The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, wherein:

图1为本发明实施例一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图2为本发明实施例一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置的整体示意图;2 is an overall schematic diagram of an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图3为本发明实施例一种光谱选择性PV-RC复合板的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a spectrally selective PV-RC composite panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图4为本发明实施例一种实验数据示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of experimental data according to an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,涉及到方位描述,例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only In order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, it does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

在本发明的描述中,若干的含义是一个以上,多个的含义是两个以上,大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数,以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。In the description of the present invention, several means more than one, and multiple means more than two. Greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including the original number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the original number. If the description of the first and second is only for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, it cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features relation.

本发明的描述中,除非另有明确的限定,设置、安装、连接等词语应做广义理解,所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as setting, installation, and connection should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

本发明的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of the present invention, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" is intended to mean that the embodiments are A specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described by or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

相关技术中,为了保持居住环境的舒适、货物的质量和仪器的安全,制冷装置被广泛应用于建筑物、车辆、船舶、工厂甚至实验室。当今,在全球变暖和气候越来越炎热的条件下,空调等主动制冷装置的能源消耗急剧增加。目前广泛使用的制冷方式为压缩式制冷机。在磁悬浮中央空调被推出后,相比于传统空调其具有高效率、免维护、噪声小、寿命长等特点,但同时有造价高、余热难利用、体型大等特点。市面上可见的空调大多数都是由电网电力驱动,而且功率较大耗电量高,无法有效的节省电能。In the related art, in order to maintain the comfort of the living environment, the quality of goods and the safety of instruments, refrigeration devices are widely used in buildings, vehicles, ships, factories and even laboratories. Today, under the conditions of global warming and hotter climate, the energy consumption of active cooling devices such as air conditioners has increased dramatically. The most widely used refrigeration method is the compression refrigerator. After the launch of the maglev central air conditioner, compared with the traditional air conditioner, it has the characteristics of high efficiency, maintenance-free, low noise, and long life, but at the same time it has the characteristics of high cost, difficult to use waste heat, and large size. Most of the air conditioners on the market are driven by grid electricity, and the power is high and the power consumption is high, so it cannot effectively save electricity.

随着基于天空辐射制冷的被动式制冷技术的出现,其依据地球表面高温热源通过“大气窗口”波段(8-13μm)向宇宙发射红外辐射以实现自身降温过程,作为一种无需能量输入的制冷技术,天空辐射制冷可为应对能源危机与全球变暖提供一种新思路。但其受辐射窗口较小、且受天气影响较大等因素的限制,制冷功率密度低且具有很强的环境变动性,很难将其单独替代主动制冷装置用于空间制冷。因此,如何让现有制冷技术更加节能减排以及寻找一种代替的新型制冷技术是亟需解决的问题。With the emergence of passive cooling technology based on sky radiation cooling, it is based on the high-temperature heat source on the earth's surface emitting infrared radiation to the universe through the "atmospheric window" band (8-13μm) to achieve its own cooling process, as a cooling technology that does not require energy input , sky radiative cooling can provide a new idea to deal with energy crisis and global warming. However, it is limited by factors such as a small radiation window and is greatly affected by weather, low cooling power density and strong environmental variability, so it is difficult to use it alone to replace active cooling devices for space cooling. Therefore, how to make the existing refrigeration technology more energy-saving and emission-reducing and to find an alternative new refrigeration technology is an urgent problem to be solved.

热电冷却器(TEC)是一种基于珀尔帖效应的设备,它通常包括两种半导体材料,并且在强制电流通过的同时将热量从设备的一侧传至另一侧,TEC没有移动部件及工作流体,工作可靠且尺寸较小。然而,有关热电冷却器的冷、热端散热系统的优化设计研究较少,其功率与尺寸较小并难以阵列式排列等缺点导致其与其他供电设备的适应性较差。因此,如何实现热电冷却器的有效散热,以及如何实现热电冷却器的阵列式排布供电模块是当前半导体制冷的一大问题。A thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is a device based on the Peltier effect that typically includes two semiconductor materials and transfers heat from one side of the device to the other while forcing an electric current through it. A TEC has no moving parts and Working fluid, reliable operation and small size. However, there are few researches on the optimal design of the cooling system of the cold and hot ends of the thermoelectric cooler, and its disadvantages such as small power and size and difficulty in array arrangement make it poorly adaptable to other power supply equipment. Therefore, how to realize the effective heat dissipation of the thermoelectric cooler and how to realize the array arrangement of the power supply modules of the thermoelectric cooler is a major problem in semiconductor refrigeration.

基于上述问题,参照图1和图2,本发明实施例提供了一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,包括盖板100、箱体、光谱选择性PV-RC复合板300、冷却风道、若干个换热通道500和热电冷却器400。可以理解的是,本实施例的盖板为透明板,便于太阳光线进入箱体内。箱体包括机架200和底板600;机架200和底板600一体化设置,即机架和底板不可以拆卸。机架200与盖板100过盈配合,过盈配合是指依靠轴与孔的过盈值,装配后使零件表面间产生弹性压力,从而获得紧固的联接。机架的前后对称面设有凸起风口,凸起风口包括入口201和出口202。光谱选择性PV-RC复合板300镶嵌于盖板100下部并固定在机架200上。PV即光伏电池,RC即反射型辐射制冷膜,PV-RC复合板即为光伏电池与反射型辐射制冷膜的结合,光伏电池覆盖在反射型辐射制冷膜表面。具体地,如图3所示,光谱选择性PV-RC复合板包括抛光铝合板303、反射型辐射制冷膜302和若干个光伏电池303,反射型辐射制冷膜302紧贴于抛光铝合板303的第一面,若干个光伏电池301等距镶嵌于反射型辐射制冷膜302表面。冷却风道贯穿于箱体的中心轴线且位于光谱选择性PV-RC复合板下方。干个换热通道均开设于底板上,若干个换热通道可以包括18个换热通道。热电冷却器与底板过盈配合。Based on the above problems, referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation, including a cover plate 100, a box body, a spectrally selective PV-RC composite board 300, a cooling Air duct, several heat exchange channels 500 and thermoelectric cooler 400. It can be understood that the cover plate in this embodiment is a transparent plate, which is convenient for sunlight to enter the box. The box body includes a frame 200 and a bottom plate 600; the frame 200 and the bottom plate 600 are integrated, that is, the frame and the bottom plate cannot be disassembled. The frame 200 and the cover plate 100 have an interference fit. The interference fit refers to relying on the interference value of the shaft and the hole. After assembly, an elastic pressure is generated between the surfaces of the parts to obtain a tight connection. The front and rear symmetrical surfaces of the frame are provided with protruding tuyere, and the protruding tuyere includes an inlet 201 and an outlet 202 . The spectrally selective PV-RC composite panel 300 is embedded in the lower part of the cover plate 100 and fixed on the frame 200 . PV means photovoltaic cell, RC means reflective radiative cooling film, PV-RC composite panel is the combination of photovoltaic cell and reflective radiative cooling film, and the photovoltaic cell is covered on the surface of reflective radiative cooling film. Specifically, as shown in Figure 3, the spectrally selective PV-RC composite panel includes a polished aluminum plywood 303, a reflective radiative cooling film 302, and several photovoltaic cells 303, and the reflective radiative cooling film 302 is closely attached to the polished aluminum plywood 303. On the first side, several photovoltaic cells 301 are equidistantly embedded on the surface of the reflective radiation cooling film 302 . The cooling air channel runs through the central axis of the box and is located under the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board. The dry heat exchange channels are all opened on the bottom plate, and several heat exchange channels may include 18 heat exchange channels. The thermoelectric cooler is an interference fit with the base plate.

在本实施例中,当太阳辐射强度符合第一预设条件,热电冷却器通过光伏电池提供工作电源进而进行主动制冷;当太阳辐射强度符合第二预设条件,反射型辐射制冷膜基于红外热辐射波段进行被动制冷。In this embodiment, when the intensity of solar radiation meets the first preset condition, the thermoelectric cooler provides working power through photovoltaic cells to perform active cooling; when the intensity of solar radiation meets the second preset condition, the reflective radiation cooling film is based on infrared heat Radiant band for passive cooling.

基于该原理,本申请实施例的装置可以运行于下面两种模式:Based on this principle, the device in the embodiment of the present application can operate in the following two modes:

模式一:当白天太阳辐射强度较强时,0.3-1.1微米波段的太阳光作用于光伏电池进行光伏发电,TEC得电开始工作,冷端产生冷量创造制冷空间;反射型辐射制冷膜对包括太阳光波段在内的其他全光谱范围内有较高的反射率,阻止制冷空间表面受光照蓄热升温。制冷装置设有进风管和出风管,通过对流等形式可产生冷风供后续使用。Mode 1: When the solar radiation intensity is strong during the day, the sunlight in the 0.3-1.1 micron band acts on the photovoltaic cell for photovoltaic power generation, the TEC is powered and starts to work, and the cold end generates cold energy to create a cooling space; the reflective radiation cooling film pair includes It has high reflectivity in other full-spectrum ranges including the solar light band, which prevents the surface of the cooling space from being heated by sunlight and heat storage. The refrigerating device is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, which can generate cold air for subsequent use through convection and other forms.

模式二:当夜晚太阳辐射强度较弱时,此时反射型辐射制冷膜对于8-13纳米波段的红外热辐射波段具有高发射率,强化大气窗口红外辐射性,进行辐射制冷。Mode 2: When the solar radiation intensity is weak at night, the reflective radiative cooling film has a high emissivity for the infrared thermal radiation band of 8-13 nanometer band, which strengthens the infrared radiation of the atmospheric window and performs radiative cooling.

在本申请实施例中,反射型辐射制冷膜包括涂布层、金属层和透明聚酯PET层;金属层位于透明聚酯PET层的上方,涂布层位于金属层的上方。可以理解的是,涂布层的制备步骤包括:将粒径大小在1微米-15微米之间的微米球体随机镶嵌在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯涂料中,然后通过浸涂、喷涂或流延的工艺制备得到厚度大小在0微米-150微米之间的薄膜作为涂布层,从而可以通过涂布层提供高达96%的太阳能反射率,进而提高制冷效果。本实施例制备的涂布层不仅可以增强8~13纳米红外热辐射波段的发射,而且在包括太阳光波段在内的其他光谱范围内的太阳辐照有较高的反射率,与光伏电池共同作用为光谱选择性PV-RC复合板下部创造出更优良的制冷空间,从而达到制冷的效果。In the embodiment of the present application, the reflective radiative cooling film includes a coating layer, a metal layer and a transparent polyester PET layer; the metal layer is located above the transparent polyester PET layer, and the coating layer is located above the metal layer. It can be understood that the preparation step of the coating layer includes: randomly embedding micron spheres with a particle size between 1 micron and 15 microns in the polymethyl methacrylate coating, and then by dipping, spraying or casting The process prepares a thin film with a thickness between 0 microns and 150 microns as a coating layer, so that the coating layer can provide up to 96% solar reflectance, thereby improving the cooling effect. The coating layer prepared in this example can not only enhance the emission of the 8-13 nanometer infrared heat radiation band, but also have a higher reflectivity for solar radiation in other spectral ranges including the sunlight band, which is compatible with photovoltaic cells. The role is to create a better cooling space for the lower part of the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board, so as to achieve the effect of cooling.

在本申请实施例中,涂布层可以包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂涂料、微米球粒(粒径为4纳米的TiO2)、苯并三唑紫外线吸收剂、乙氧基化脂肪族烷基胺类抗静电剂、质量比为1:1的铟锡氧化物(ITO)和锑锡氧化物(ATO)红外线吸收剂,金属层为金属铬和金属钛,透明聚酯PET层为双向拉伸PET。在光谱选择性PV-RC复合板中,涂布层在反射型辐射制冷膜的厚度占比包括14.55%,金属层在反射型辐射制冷膜的厚度占比包括0.10%,透明聚酯PET层在反射型辐射制冷膜的厚度占比包括85.35%。In the embodiment of the present application, the coating layer may include polymethyl methacrylate paint, micron spheres (TiO2 with a particle size of 4 nanometers), benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, ethoxylated aliphatic alkylamine Antistatic agent, indium tin oxide (ITO) and antimony tin oxide (ATO) infrared absorber with a mass ratio of 1:1, the metal layer is metal chromium and metal titanium, and the transparent polyester PET layer is biaxially stretched PET . In the spectrally selective PV-RC composite panel, the coating layer accounts for 14.55% of the thickness of the reflective radiation cooling film, the metal layer accounts for 0.10% of the thickness of the reflective radiation cooling film, and the transparent polyester PET layer is The thickness proportion of the reflective radiative cooling film includes 85.35%.

当通过将粒径在1~15μm左右的微米球体(粒径为4μm的TiO2)随机地镶嵌在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯涂料中,后通过浸涂、喷涂或流延的工艺制成50~150um厚的薄膜,同时采用磁控溅射的方法进一步在透明酯PET的背面沉积一层15~150nm厚的金属层,可以提供高达96%的太阳能反射率,进一步提高制冷效果。这种材料不仅可以以红外电磁波的形式向外辐射能量,而且在包括太阳光波段在内的其他光谱范围内的太阳能有较高的反射率,从而达到制冷的效果。When microspheres with a particle size of about 1-15 μm (TiO2 with a particle size of 4 μm) are randomly embedded in polymethyl methacrylate coatings, and then made into 50-150 μm by dip coating, spraying or casting processes At the same time, a 15-150nm thick metal layer is deposited on the back of the transparent ester PET by magnetron sputtering, which can provide up to 96% solar reflectance and further improve the cooling effect. This material can not only radiate energy in the form of infrared electromagnetic waves, but also has a high reflectivity of solar energy in other spectral ranges including sunlight bands, thereby achieving the cooling effect.

可以理解的是,本实施例制作并选择红外发射能力及反射能力最强的反射型辐射制冷膜材料,进行了多个实验验证,通过对比三种不同的制备材料,分别为:It can be understood that in this embodiment, the reflective radiative cooling film material with the strongest infrared emission and reflection capabilities was produced and selected, and multiple experiments were performed to verify it. By comparing three different preparation materials, they are:

实验组1:10%二氧化钛+有机玻璃(PMMA 100μm);Experimental group 1: 10% titanium dioxide + organic glass (PMMA 100μm);

实验组2:10%二氧化钛+聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS 100μm);Experimental group 2: 10% titanium dioxide + polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS 100 μm);

实验组3:10%二氧化钛+聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。Experimental group 3: 10% titanium dioxide + polymethyl methacrylate.

将上述实验数据进行绘制得到图4所示曲线图。从图4可确定10%二氧化钛与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯白天较环境温度降低2℃左右,具有最优良的发射性能。The above experimental data were plotted to obtain the graph shown in FIG. 4 . From Figure 4, it can be determined that 10% titanium dioxide and polymethyl methacrylate are about 2°C lower than the ambient temperature during the day, and have the best emission performance.

在本申请实施例中,冷却风道由保温材料和机架组成;换热通道有保温材料和底板组成。本实施例通过设置冷却风道和换热通道,从而能够较好地将装置内产生的多余热量带走,进而维持环境的低温状态。In the embodiment of the present application, the cooling air channel is composed of thermal insulation material and the frame; the heat exchange channel is composed of thermal insulation material and the bottom plate. In this embodiment, by setting cooling air passages and heat exchange passages, excess heat generated in the device can be better taken away, thereby maintaining a low temperature state of the environment.

在本申请实施例中,反射型辐射制冷膜的上表面可以安装有21块晶体硅光伏电池301,每行7块电池,均匀分布3行。光伏电池起到遮阳板的作用,减少阳光直射,并将0.3-1.1纳米波长太阳能转化为电能,为热电制冷器(TEC)提供了动力。In the embodiment of the present application, 21 crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells 301 can be installed on the upper surface of the reflective radiative cooling film, with 7 cells in each row and 3 rows evenly distributed. The photovoltaic cells act as a sunshade, reducing direct sunlight and converting 0.3-1.1 nm wavelength solar energy into electricity, which powers the thermoelectric cooler (TEC).

在本申请实施例中,所述装置还包括透明罩,透明罩覆盖于盖板外表面。透明罩由低密度聚乙烯薄膜组成,能够几乎覆盖整个波段从而减少对流换热,有效地保护装置不受雨水灰尘等因素的影响。In the embodiment of the present application, the device further includes a transparent cover, and the transparent cover covers the outer surface of the cover plate. The transparent cover is composed of low-density polyethylene film, which can cover almost the entire band to reduce convective heat transfer, and effectively protect the device from rain, dust and other factors.

在本申请实施例中,热电冷却器可以包括门廊式热电冷却器,是一种很有前途的基于“帕尔蒂埃效应”产生冷却能量的替代冷却装置,电流流过时,两侧分别产生冷热面。冷面利于创造更优良的制冷空间。其热面陶瓷具有延伸边缘,可以牢固地固定引线,将多个热电冷却器布线配置到一个阵列。TEC(热电冷却器)由光伏电池供电,无需提供多余电源,并且能很好地与太阳辐射和冷却负荷分布相匹配,对太阳辐射具有良好的适应性。In the embodiment of this application, the thermoelectric cooler may include a porch-type thermoelectric cooler, which is a promising alternative cooling device that generates cooling energy based on the "Partier effect". hot noodles. The cold side is conducive to creating a better cooling space. Its hot-faced ceramic features extended edges to securely hold leads for routing multiple thermoelectric coolers into an array. The TEC (Thermoelectric Cooler) is powered by photovoltaic cells, does not need to provide redundant power, and can well match the solar radiation and cooling load distribution, and has good adaptability to solar radiation.

由此可知,本实施例将太阳能发电、半导体制冷和辐射制冷技术结合,拥有天空辐射制冷与热电冷却器制冷主被动一体化制冷效果,并且光伏发电模块与辐射制冷模块相互促进,无需外接电源即能产生较高的制冷效率,实现零排放零耗能。It can be seen that this embodiment combines solar power generation, semiconductor cooling and radiation cooling technologies, and has the active and passive integrated cooling effect of sky radiation cooling and thermoelectric cooler cooling, and the photovoltaic power generation module and radiation cooling module promote each other, without the need for an external power supply. It can produce higher refrigeration efficiency and realize zero emission and zero energy consumption.

基于此,本申请实施例提供的制冷装置具备以下有益效果:Based on this, the refrigeration device provided by the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

第一、全天段不间断制冷。本实施例将光伏电池、反射型辐射制冷膜、热电冷却器(TEC)结合,白天阶段,光伏电池为遮阳板,同时发电供TEC工作制冷,反射型辐射制冷膜在括太阳光波段在内的其他全光谱范围内有较高的反射率,减少表面热量吸收;夜晚阶段,反射型辐射制冷膜进行辐射制冷,此时光伏电池帮助反射型辐射制冷膜具有更显著的发射性能,从而实现24h全天段高效制冷。First, uninterrupted refrigeration throughout the day. This embodiment combines photovoltaic cells, reflective radiative cooling films, and thermoelectric coolers (TECs). Other full-spectrum ranges have higher reflectivity to reduce surface heat absorption; at night, the reflective radiative cooling film performs radiative cooling. At this time, photovoltaic cells help the reflective radiative cooling film to have more significant emission performance, thereby achieving 24h full-spectrum cooling. High-efficiency cooling for days.

第二、不同工况自适调节。本实施例的主动制冷功率会随太阳辐射强度的大小实现自动控制控制,当太阳辐射强度较大时,光伏电池产电多,从而单个热电冷却器(TEC)制冷功率大,同时电源分配器连接温度传感器,能根据热负荷控制TEC开启数量,实现主动制冷功率的精确控制;当太阳辐射强度较小时,热电冷却器制冷功率小。夜间时反射型辐射制冷膜主要进行被动制冷,若环境热负荷较大时则会开启热电冷却器进行补偿制冷。装置的全天制供给的冷量随太阳辐射强度的调节实现装置的被动自适应性。Second, self-adaptive adjustment for different working conditions. The active cooling power of this embodiment will be automatically controlled with the size of the solar radiation intensity. When the solar radiation intensity is high, the photovoltaic cells will generate more electricity, so that the cooling power of a single thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is large, and the power distributor is connected to the The temperature sensor can control the number of TEC openings according to the heat load, so as to realize the precise control of the active cooling power; when the solar radiation intensity is small, the cooling power of the thermoelectric cooler is small. At night, the reflective radiation cooling film mainly performs passive cooling. If the ambient heat load is large, the thermoelectric cooler will be turned on for compensatory cooling. The cooling capacity supplied by the device throughout the day is adjusted with the intensity of solar radiation to realize the passive self-adaptation of the device.

第三、太阳辐照多频利用。本实施例将光伏电池和反射型辐射制冷膜结合形成复合板,在光伏发电的同时,反射型辐射制冷膜能够阻止物体得热,强化物体辐射散热。将该复合板在提供电能的同时,大幅度降低了热负荷,提高了制冷效率,具有节能环保的优点(光伏电池工作时对0.3-1.1μm波段的光进行利用,反射型辐射制冷膜对于8-13μm波段的太阳能具有高发射率,实现被动制冷,而在包括太阳光波段在内的其他光谱范围内的太阳能有较高的反射率)。Third, multi-frequency utilization of solar radiation. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cell and the reflective radiation cooling film are combined to form a composite panel. While photovoltaic power generation is performed, the reflective radiation cooling film can prevent objects from gaining heat and enhance radiation heat dissipation of objects. While providing electric energy, the composite board greatly reduces the heat load, improves the cooling efficiency, and has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection (when the photovoltaic cell is working, the light in the 0.3-1.1 μm band is used, and the reflective radiation cooling film is suitable for 8 Solar energy in the -13μm band has high emissivity to achieve passive cooling, while solar energy in other spectral ranges including sunlight bands have higher reflectivity).

第四、自主供能高效使用。本实施例将光伏电池和半导体制冷制热技术相结合,光伏电池给半导体制冷装置提供能量,达到制冷的目的,创造优良的制冷空间,同时可以将半导体装置热端的能量通过冷却水收集、储存用作生活热水,不仅减少了热量存留,还提升了节能型和经济性。Fourth, independent energy supply and efficient use. This embodiment combines photovoltaic cells with semiconductor refrigeration and heating technologies. The photovoltaic cells provide energy to the semiconductor refrigeration device to achieve the purpose of refrigeration and create an excellent refrigeration space. At the same time, the energy at the hot end of the semiconductor device can be collected and stored through cooling water. As domestic hot water, it not only reduces heat retention, but also improves energy saving and economy.

上面结合附图对本发明实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and within the scope of knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Variety. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other if there is no conflict.

Claims (10)

1.一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,其特征在于,包括:1. An active and passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation, characterized in that it comprises: 盖板,所述盖板为透明板;a cover plate, the cover plate is a transparent plate; 箱体,所述箱体包括机架和底板;所述机架和所述底板一体化设置,所述机架与所述盖板过盈配合;所述机架的前后对称面设有凸起风口;A box body, the box body includes a frame and a bottom plate; the frame and the bottom plate are integrated, and the frame and the cover plate are in interference fit; the front and rear symmetrical surfaces of the frame are provided with protrusions tuyere; 光谱选择性PV-RC复合板,所述光谱选择性PV-RC复合板镶嵌于所述盖板下部并固定在所述机架上;光谱选择性PV-RC复合板包括抛光铝合板、反射型辐射制冷膜和若干个光伏电池,所述反射型辐射制冷膜紧贴于所述抛光铝合板的第一面,所述若干个光伏电池等距镶嵌于所述反射型辐射制冷膜表面;A spectrally selective PV-RC composite board, the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board is embedded in the lower part of the cover plate and fixed on the frame; the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board includes polished aluminum plywood, reflective Radiative cooling film and several photovoltaic cells, the reflective radiative cooling film is attached to the first surface of the polished aluminum plywood, and the several photovoltaic cells are equidistantly embedded on the surface of the reflective radiative cooling film; 冷却风道,所述冷却风道贯穿于所述箱体的中心轴线且位于所述光谱选择性PV-RC复合板下方;A cooling air channel, the cooling air channel runs through the central axis of the box and is located below the spectrally selective PV-RC composite board; 若干个换热通道,所述干个换热通道均开设于所述底板上;Several heat exchange channels, the dry heat exchange channels are all set on the bottom plate; 热电冷却器,所述热电冷却器与所述底板过盈配合;a thermoelectric cooler, the thermoelectric cooler is interference fit with the base plate; 其中,当太阳辐射强度符合第一预设条件,所述热电冷却器通过所述光伏电池提供工作电源进而进行主动制冷;当太阳辐射强度符合第二预设条件,所述反射型辐射制冷膜基于红外热辐射波段进行被动制冷。Wherein, when the solar radiation intensity meets the first preset condition, the thermoelectric cooler provides working power through the photovoltaic cell to perform active cooling; when the solar radiation intensity meets the second preset condition, the reflective radiation cooling film is based on Infrared thermal radiation band for passive cooling. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,其特征在于,所述反射型辐射制冷膜包括涂布层、金属层和透明聚酯PET层;所述金属层位于所述透明聚酯PET层的上方,所述涂布层位于所述金属层的上方。2. A kind of active-passive integrated cooling device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that, the reflective radiation cooling film comprises a coating layer, a metal layer and a transparent polyester PET layer; A metal layer is located above the transparent polyester PET layer, and the coating layer is located above the metal layer. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,其特征在于,所述涂布层的制备步骤包括:3. A kind of active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 2, characterized in that, the preparation step of the coating layer comprises: 将粒径大小在1微米-15微米之间的微米球体随机镶嵌在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯涂料中,然后通过浸涂、喷涂或流延的工艺制备得到厚度大小在0微米-150微米之间的薄膜作为涂布层。Microspheres with a particle size between 1 micron and 15 microns are randomly embedded in polymethyl methacrylate coatings, and then prepared by dipping, spraying or casting to obtain a thickness between 0 microns and 150 microns film as the coating layer. 4.根据权利要求2所述一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,其特征在于,所述金属层的制备步骤包括:4. An active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 2, wherein the preparation step of the metal layer comprises: 采用磁控溅射法在所述透明聚酯PET层的背面沉积厚度范围在15纳米-150纳米之间的金属层。A metal layer with a thickness ranging from 15 nanometers to 150 nanometers is deposited on the back of the transparent polyester PET layer by magnetron sputtering. 5.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,其特征在于,微米球体的粒径大小包括4微米。5. An active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 3, wherein the particle size of the micron spheres is 4 microns. 6.根据权利要求2-5任一项所述的一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,其特征在于,所述涂布层在所述反射型辐射制冷膜的厚度占比包括14.55%,所述金属层在所述反射型辐射制冷膜的厚度占比包括0.10%,所述透明聚酯PET层在所述反射型辐射制冷膜的厚度占比包括85.35%。6. An active-passive integrated cooling device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that the thickness ratio of the coating layer to the reflective radiation cooling film includes 14.55%, the metal layer accounts for 0.10% of the thickness of the reflective radiation cooling film, and the transparent polyester PET layer accounts for 85.35% of the thickness of the reflective radiation cooling film. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,其特征在于,所述冷却风道由保温材料和所述机架组成;所述换热通道有保温材料和所述底板组成。7. A kind of active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that, the cooling air channel is made up of thermal insulation material and the frame; the heat exchange channel has thermal insulation material and the bottom plate. 8.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:8. An active-passive integrated cooling device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device further comprises: 透明罩,所述透明罩覆盖于所述盖板外表面。A transparent cover, the transparent cover covers the outer surface of the cover plate. 9.根据权利要求8所述的一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,其特征在于,所述透明罩由低密度聚乙烯薄膜组成。9 . The active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 8 , wherein the transparent cover is composed of a low-density polyethylene film. 10.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于光伏热电辐射的主被动一体化制冷装置,其特征在于,所述热电冷却器包括门廊式热电冷却器。10. An active-passive integrated refrigeration device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation according to claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric cooler comprises a porch-type thermoelectric cooler.
CN202310786368.4A 2023-06-28 2023-06-28 Active and passive integrated refrigerating device based on photovoltaic thermoelectric radiation Pending CN116642274A (en)

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