CN116641695B - Self-adaptive drilling tool and drilling process - Google Patents
Self-adaptive drilling tool and drilling process Download PDFInfo
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- CN116641695B CN116641695B CN202310919120.0A CN202310919120A CN116641695B CN 116641695 B CN116641695 B CN 116641695B CN 202310919120 A CN202310919120 A CN 202310919120A CN 116641695 B CN116641695 B CN 116641695B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004401 flow injection analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
- E21B44/02—Automatic control of the tool feed
- E21B44/06—Automatic control of the tool feed in response to the flow or pressure of the motive fluid of the drive
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a self-adaptive drilling tool and a drilling process, and belongs to the technical field of geological investigation. The technical proposal is as follows: the pressure control device (9) comprises an air bag body (13), a first connecting piece (14), a second connecting piece (15) and a communication port (16), wherein the air bag body (13) is of a hollow structure, the communication port (16) is formed in the side wall of the air bag body (13), a water passing gap is formed in the space between the air bag body (13) and the outer core tube (4), the first connecting piece (14) and the second connecting piece (15) are respectively arranged at two ends of the air bag body (13), the first connecting piece (14) is connected with a hanging joint (83) of the spring clip assembly (8), and the second connecting piece (15) is connected with the inner core tube (3). The invention has the positive effects that: by installing the pressure control device and the flow control device, the drilling machine can adapt to the drilling of soft rock stratum or hard rock stratum without frequently replacing parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-adaptive drilling tool and a drilling process, and belongs to the technical field of geological investigation.
Background
The development of the rope coring drilling technology is mature, and the application in the aspects of solid deposit exploration, shale gas, scientific drilling and the like is also increasing. However, in geological drilling, the geological conditions are very complex, the formation changes frequently during drilling, and the formation may change hundreds of meters in good mining areas, but may change several meters or tens of meters in most mining areas. Under the condition that drilling process parameters are unchanged, the drilling efficiency is directly affected by the change of stratum, and even in-hole accidents occur. At this time, drilling process parameters such as drilling weight, pumping pressure and the like are required to be adjusted, so that the method is suitable for stratum conditions and reduces accidents. The pump pressure in drilling directly influences the drilling efficiency of drill bit and the stability of pore wall, consequently, need through adjusting or changing the pump volume to the water clearance of drilling tool, the adjustment of pump volume just can accomplish at ground to reasonable scope, and the adjustment of water clearance need be with the drilling tool from the downthehole extraction of hole, change spare part just can accomplish, many times the adjustment of pump volume is limited or can not adjust, can only accomplish through changing spare part, adjustment water clearance, causes the cost too high, and frequent change spare part is very troublesome moreover.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-adaptive drilling tool and a drilling process, which reduce frequent replacement of parts due to stratum change and solve the problems in the prior art by arranging a pressure control device and a flow control device in the drilling tool.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a self-adaptive drilling tool comprises a spring clamping assembly, an inner core barrel and a clamping spring seat which are sequentially arranged in an outer core barrel, wherein a drill bit is arranged at the end part of the outer core barrel; the pressure control device comprises an air bag body, a first connecting piece, a second connecting piece and a communication port, wherein the air bag body is of a hollow structure, the communication port is formed in the side wall of the air bag body, a water passing gap is formed in the space between the air bag body and the outer core tube, the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece are respectively arranged at two ends of the air bag body, the first connecting piece is connected with a hanging joint of the spring clamp assembly, and the second connecting piece is connected with the inner core tube.
Further, a flow control device is arranged in the spring card assembly, and the flow control device comprises a flow valve body, a position adjusting valve block and an adjusting knob; the flow valve body is of a cylindrical structure with one end open, the flow valve body is communicated with an internal main waterway of the spring clip assembly through the opening, an annular groove is arranged on the outer wall of the flow valve body, and a plurality of layers of water outlet holes which are axially arranged are arranged on the inner wall of the flow valve body; the water outlet hole is communicated with an external main waterway of the spring clip assembly through an annular groove, the position adjusting valve block is in threaded connection with the flow valve body, an adjusting knob is arranged on the position adjusting valve block, the position adjusting valve block is further adjusted at the position of the flow valve body by rotating the adjusting knob, the number of exposed layers of the water outlet hole is increased or reduced, and then the water flow of the flow valve body is adjusted.
Further, after the bullet cassette of the bullet card assembly is in threaded connection with the suspension seat, a cavity is formed inside, an internal main waterway is arranged in the internal cavity of the bullet cassette, a flow valve body is arranged in the internal cavity of the suspension seat, and the opening end of the flow valve body is contacted with the end part of the bullet cassette; the inner main waterway, the inner cavity of the flow valve body, the water outlet hole, the annular groove and the outer main waterway are sequentially communicated to form a water flow channel.
Further, 2-10 layers of water outlet holes are arranged on the inner wall of the flow valve body along the axial direction, and a plurality of water outlet holes in each layer are distributed on the inner wall of the flow valve body along the circumferential direction.
Further, a seat ring is arranged on the inner wall of the outer core barrel, a suspension ring is arranged outside the suspension seat, and the suspension ring is clamped on the seat ring to position the spring clamp assembly. A sealing ring is arranged between the hanging seat and the seat ring.
The drill bit, the spring clamp assembly, the outer core barrel, the inner core barrel and the clamp spring seat are all common mechanisms known in the art.
An adaptive drilling process adopts the adaptive drilling tool, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the process of adjusting the internal pressure of the self-adaptive drilling tool through the pressure control device is as follows:
when the self-adaptive drilling tool drills into hard rock stratum, the feeding speed is reduced, in order to maintain the feeding efficiency, the drilling pressure is increased, the clamping spring seat and the inner core tube are gradually increased under upward force along with the increase of the drilling pressure, and when the force is transmitted to the pressure control device, the air bag body is expanded to cause the outer diameter to be increased, so that the water gap between the air bag body and the outer core tube is reduced, the pumping pressure of the slurry pump is increased, the flow rate of the slurry pump can be reduced to stabilize the pumping pressure, the rotating speed is increased, the drilling pressure is reduced, and the feeding efficiency is maintained;
when the self-adaptive drilling tool drills into soft stratum, because the initial parameters of the pressure control device are set according to the soft stratum, the outer diameter of the air bag body of the pressure control device is not changed or slightly increased, the water passing gap between the air bag body and the outer core barrel is not changed or slightly reduced, the pumping pressure and the drilling pressure are not obviously changed, and the drilling can be performed normally;
when the soft and hard interaction is performed on frequent stratum drilling, the drilling efficiency is affected and the occurrence of in-hole accidents is caused due to frequent change of drilling parameters, the pump quantity and the rotating speed can not be changed, and the stability of the drilling pressure is realized by adjusting the size of the drilling pressure and changing the expansion state of the air bag body;
(2) the process of adjusting the internal flow of the self-adaptive drilling tool through the flow control device is as follows:
because each drilling is completed, the inner drilling tool is lifted out of the hole, the condition of the taken core is checked, and the water flow of the flow control device can be adjusted according to the condition of the core so as to adapt to different stratum;
when the stratum is known to be a hard stratum, the adjusting knob is rotated before the stratum is drilled, the number of exposed layers of the water outlet holes is reduced, the water flow of the flow control device is reduced, meanwhile, the water supply flow of the slurry pump is kept unchanged, the water flow injection speed is increased, rock powder at the bottom of the hole can be stirred when the self-adaptive drilling tool works, so that slurry and the rock powder can be fully contacted, and the slurry is convenient for carrying the rock powder to the ground;
when the stratum is known to be a soft stratum, the adjusting knob is rotated before the stratum is drilled, the number of exposed layers of the water outlet holes is increased, the water flow of the flow control device is increased, and meanwhile, the water supply flow of the slurry pump is increased, so that a large amount of slurry can reach the bottom of the holes; the water flow rate of the flow control device and the flow rate of the slurry pump are simultaneously increased, so that stable pumping pressure can be maintained under high flow rate, and abrupt change of the pumping pressure is avoided;
when the soft and hard interactive stratum is drilled or the stratum condition is unknown, the water flow of the flow control device is adjusted according to the condition of taking out the rock core each time, then an inner drilling tool is put into the hole, and the steps are repeated to adapt to drilling of different strata.
The invention has the positive effects that: the pressure control device is arranged between the bullet card assembly and the inner core tube, and the type of stratum encountered is known through the expansion state of the air bag body of the pressure control device, so that the bit pressure is regulated, and the bit pressure is in a reasonable range; meanwhile, the flow control device is arranged in the spring clip assembly, and the water flow injection speed and the stable pump pressure are further changed by adjusting the water flow quantity of the flow control device, so that the drilling device can adapt to the drilling of soft rock stratum or hard rock stratum without frequently replacing parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow control device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the pressure control device of the present invention when no pressure or less pressure is applied;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the pressure control device of the present invention when the pressure is high;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a soft formation drilling process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a drilling of a hard formation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention for drilling a soft formation;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of drilling a second hard formation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: drill bit 1, jump ring seat 2, inner core tube 3, outer core tube 4, flow control device 5, seat ring 6, suspension ring 7, bullet card assembly 8, bullet cassette 81, suspension seat 82, suspension joint 83, pressure control device 9, flow valve body 10, adjusting valve piece 11, adjusting knob 12, ring channel 101, apopore 102, gasbag body 13, connecting piece one 14, connecting piece two 15, intercommunication mouth 16, inside main water route 17, outside main water route 18.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
an adaptive drilling tool comprises a drill bit 1, a clamp spring seat 2, an inner core barrel 3, an outer core barrel 4, a seat ring 6 and a suspension ring 7. The drill bit 1, the outer core barrel 4 and the seat ring 6 form an outer drilling tool, and the spring clamping assembly 8, the inner core barrel 3, the suspension ring 7 and the clamping spring seat 2 form an inner drilling tool. The drill bit 1 is arranged at the end part of the outer core barrel 4, the seat ring 6 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer core barrel 4, the spring clamping assembly 8, the inner core barrel 3 and the clamp spring seat 2 are sequentially arranged inside the outer core barrel 4, the suspension seat 82 is provided with the suspension ring 7, and the suspension ring 7 is clamped on the seat ring 6.
Referring to fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, an embodiment is to install a pressure control device 9 in the adaptive drilling tool separately:
in this embodiment, the rest of the self-adaptive drilling tool is unchanged, a pressure control device 9 is installed between the bullet card assembly 8 and the inner core tube 3, the pressure control device 9 comprises an air bag body 13, a first connecting piece 14, a second connecting piece 15 and a communication port 16, the air bag body 13 is of a hollow structure, the side wall of the air bag body 13 is provided with the communication port 16, a water passing gap is formed in the space between the air bag body 13 and the outer core tube 4, two ends of the air bag body 13 are respectively provided with a first connecting piece 14 and a second connecting piece 15, the first connecting piece 14 is connected with a hanging joint 83 of the bullet card assembly 8, and the second connecting piece 15 is connected with the inner core tube 3.
The air bag body 13 is made of a material capable of bearing high pressure.
The air bag body 13 is communicated with the outside through a communication port 16, and the balance of the internal pressure and the external pressure of the air bag under different hole depths is maintained.
The balloon body 13 is expandable under axial force.
In the drilling process, the force of the core on the inner core tube 3 is transmitted to the air bag body 13, so that the air bag body 13 is expanded, the water passing area of a waterway is changed, and the pumping pressure of a ground mud pump is changed.
When the pressure control device 9 is used for adjusting the internal pressure of the self-adaptive drilling tool under the condition of encountering different stratum, the pressure control device 9 adjusts the internal pressure of the self-adaptive drilling tool as follows:
the outer drilling tool is assembled, the pressure control device 9 is installed on the bullet clamping assembly 8, the inner drilling tool is assembled and is installed in the outer drilling tool, and the assembled double-pipe drilling tool is conveyed to the hole bottom by a drill string. And (3) opening a slurry pump to supply flushing fluid into the hole, performing rotary drilling, and setting drilling parameters (pump amount, weight on bit and rotating speed) according to the penetration of the soft stratum.
Referring to fig. 4, when the adaptive drilling tool drills into soft stratum, because the initial parameters of the pressure control device 9 are set according to the soft stratum, the outer diameter of the air bag body 13 of the pressure control device 9 is not changed or slightly increased, the water gap between the air bag body 13 and the outer core barrel 4 is not changed or slightly reduced, the pumping pressure and the drilling pressure are not obviously changed, and the drilling can be performed normally.
Referring to fig. 5, when the adaptive drilling tool drills into hard rock stratum, the rate of penetration is slowed down, in order to maintain the penetration efficiency, the weight of drilling is increased, along with the increase of the weight of drilling, the clamp spring seat 2 and the inner core tube 3 are gradually increased by upward force, and when the force is transmitted to the pressure control device 9, the air bag body 13 is expanded to cause the outer diameter to be increased, so that the water gap between the air bag body 13 and the outer core tube 4 is reduced, the pumping pressure of a slurry pump is increased, at the moment, the flow rate of the slurry pump can be reduced to stabilize the pumping pressure, the rotating speed is increased, the weight of drilling is reduced, and the penetration efficiency is maintained.
When the soft and hard interaction is performed on frequent stratum drilling, the drilling efficiency is affected and the occurrence of hole accidents is caused due to frequent change of drilling parameters, the pump quantity and the rotating speed can be not changed, and the stability of the drilling pressure is realized by adjusting the expansion state of the air bag body 13.
The pressure control device 9 can sense formation change in the hole in real time, and adjust drilling parameters in real time according to the formation change, so that occurrence of accidents in the hole is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1, 6 and 7, in a second embodiment, the flow control device 5 is separately installed in the adaptive drilling tool, and the flow control device 5 may be installed on the spring clip assembly 8 with any structure:
the flow control device 5 has two installation modes, one is installed on the main waterway of the original bullet card assembly, the general flow valve body 10 is designed into a hollow cylinder structure, the flow valve body 10 is internally provided with a runner and is in butt joint with the main waterway of the original bullet card assembly, the other is used for replacing the parts of the original bullet card assembly, the flow valve body 10 is used as the part of the bullet card assembly 8, and a water flow control channel is arranged inside.
In this embodiment, the other structures of the adaptive drilling tool are unchanged, a flow control device 5 is installed in the bullet card assembly 8, and the flow control device 5 comprises a flow valve body 10, a position adjusting valve block 11 and an adjusting knob 12; the bullet cassette 81 of bullet card assembly 8 and hang seat 82 threaded connection back inside formation cavity, be equipped with inside main water route 17 in the inside cavity of bullet cassette 81, be equipped with flow valve body 10 in the inside cavity of hanging seat 82, flow valve body 10 is one end open-ended tubular structure, flow valve body 10's open end and bullet cassette 81 tip contact, flow valve body 10 is through this opening and bullet card assembly 8's inside main water route 17 intercommunication, be equipped with ring channel 101 on the outer wall of flow valve body 10, be equipped with the apopore 102 of multilayer along the axial setting on the inner wall of flow valve body 10, a plurality of apopores 102 in every layer are evenly distributed along circumferencial direction on the inner wall of flow valve body 10. The water outlet hole 102 is communicated with the external main waterway 18 of the spring clip assembly 8 through an annular groove 101, the position adjusting valve block 11 is in threaded connection in the flow valve body 10, the position adjusting valve block 11 is provided with an adjusting knob 12, and the position of the position adjusting valve block 11 in the flow valve body 10 is further adjusted by rotating the adjusting knob 12. All water passes through the flow valve body 10, and the number of exposed layers of the water outlet 102 is increased or reduced by rotating the adjusting knob 12, so that the water flow of the flow valve body 10 is adjusted. The inner main waterway 17, the inner cavity of the flow valve body 10, the water outlet 102, the annular groove 101 and the outer main waterway 18 are sequentially communicated to form a water flow channel.
When the drilling is performed, different situations of soft stratum, hard stratum and stratum with more frequent soft and hard interaction are met, and under the conditions of meeting different stratum, the flow control device 5 adjusts the flow in the self-adaptive drilling tool as follows:
the outer drilling tool is assembled, the flow control device 5 is installed on the bullet card assembly 8, the inner drilling tool is assembled and is installed in the outer drilling tool, and the assembled double-pipe drilling tool is conveyed to the hole bottom by a drill string. The mud pump is turned on to supply flushing fluid into the bore and the drill is rotated.
After 3 meters are drilled, the inner drilling tool is lifted out of the hole, the core is taken out by a rope, the condition of the taken core is checked, and the water flow of the flow control device 5 can be adjusted according to the condition of the core so as to adapt to different stratum;
when the stratum is known to be a hard stratum, the adjusting knob 12 is rotated before the stratum is drilled, the number of exposed layers of the water outlet hole 102 is reduced, the water flow of the flow control device 5 is reduced, meanwhile, the water supply flow of the slurry pump is kept unchanged, the water flow injection speed is increased, and when the self-adaptive drilling tool works, rock powder at the bottom of the hole can be stirred, so that slurry and the rock powder can be fully contacted, and the slurry is convenient for carrying the rock powder to the ground;
when the stratum is known to be a soft stratum, before the stratum is drilled, the adjusting knob 12 is rotated, the number of exposed layers of the water outlet 102 is increased, the water flow of the flow control device 5 is increased, and meanwhile, the water supply flow of the slurry pump is increased, so that a large amount of slurry can reach the bottom of the hole; the flow control device 5 can increase the flow of the slurry pump and the flow of the water, so that stable pumping pressure can be maintained under high flow, and abrupt change of the pumping pressure can be avoided;
when the soft and hard interactive stratum is drilled or the stratum condition is unknown, the water flow of the flow control device 5 is adjusted according to the condition of taking out the rock core each time, then an inner drilling tool is put into the hole, and the steps are repeated so as to adapt to drilling of different strata.
In all the embodiments, the outer diameter of the drill bit 1 is enlarged by 2-8mm according to the general situation of the stratum to be drilled, the gap between the inner annulus and the outer annulus is enlarged, and according to the well footage situation of the existing drill bit for a long time, the drill bit 1 with the enlarged outer diameter theoretically increases the cutting amount of rock to influence the footage efficiency, but in practical application, the footage efficiency is not obviously different due to factors such as weight on bit, pump amount, rotating speed and the like, and in the application of a plurality of mining areas, the drill bit 1 with the enlarged outer diameter can reach more than 30 meters per day in the drilling of soft and hard stratum.
Referring to fig. 8, in the third embodiment, the flow control device 5 and the pressure control device 9 are installed in the adaptive drilling tool at the same time, and the installation structure and function of the flow control device 5 and the pressure control device 9 are the same as those of the first embodiment and the first embodiment, and are not described in detail herein.
More specific embodiments:
1. taking drilling of 95 adaptive drilling tool mounted flow control device 5 as an example:
1. the outer drilling tool of the 95 self-adaptive drilling tool is assembled, the outer diameter of the drill bit 1 is 102mm (the outer diameter is 7mm larger than that of a common drill bit), the inner diameter is 63.5mm, the flow control device 5 is installed in the bullet clamping assembly 8, the inner drilling tool is assembled and is installed in the outer drilling tool, and the assembled double-pipe drilling tool is conveyed to the hole bottom by a drill string.
2. The mud pump is turned on to supply flushing fluid into the bore and the drill is rotated. Setting drilling parameters: the pump quantity is 90L/min, the bit pressure is 30kN, and the rotating speed is 360r/min.
3. If the self-adaptive drilling tool drills into hard rock stratum, the water supply flow rate of the slurry pump is kept unchanged, and the water flow rate of the flow control device 5 is reduced before the well is drilled.
4. If the self-adaptive drilling tool drills into soft stratum, the water flow of the flow control device 5 is increased, the flow of the slurry pump is increased to 145L/min before the well is drilled, a large amount of slurry can reach the bottom of the hole, and the pumping pressure is kept unchanged.
5. When the soft and hard interactive stratum is drilled or the stratum condition is unknown, the water flow quantity of the flow control device 5 can be adjusted according to the core condition of the back-to-back footage and the taking out.
6. And after each drilling, the inner drilling tool is lifted out of the hole, the condition of the rock core is checked, and the flow control device 5 is adjusted to be suitable for stratum drilling according to the condition of the rock core.
7. The inner drilling tool is thrown into the hole, and the steps are repeated, so that the flow control device 5 is timely adjusted when the stratum changes.
2. Taking drilling by using a 95-self-adaptive drilling tool mounting pressure control device 9 as an example
1. The 95 outer drilling tools are assembled, the outer diameter of the drill bit 1 is 102mm (the outer diameter is 7mm larger than that of a common drill bit), the inner diameter is 63.5mm, the pressure control device 9 is arranged on the bullet clamping assembly 8, the inner drilling tools are assembled and are arranged in the outer drilling tools, and the assembled double-pipe drilling tools are conveyed to the hole bottom through a drill string.
2. The mud pump is turned on to supply flushing fluid into the bore and the drill is rotated. Setting drilling parameters: the pump quantity is 145L/min, the bit pressure is 30kN, and the rotating speed is 360r/min.
3. If the rate of penetration is slow during drilling, in order to maintain the penetration efficiency, the weight of the drill needs to be increased to 40-50kN, and the pumping pressure of the slurry pump is increased along with the increase of the weight of the drill, which means that the air bag body 13 is expanded, the water gap between the air bag body 13 and the outer core barrel 4 is reduced, and the formation meeting hard rock is drilled, at the moment, the flow of the slurry pump can be reduced to the stable pumping pressure, meanwhile, the rotating speed is increased to 500-600r/min, the weight of the drill is reduced to 20kN, and the penetration efficiency is maintained.
4. If the penetration rate is unchanged during drilling and the pumping pressure is not changed obviously, the drilling encounters a soft stratum.
5. The drilling of the stratum is frequently performed in soft and hard interaction, the pump quantity and the rotating speed are not changed, and the stability of the drilling pressure is realized by adjusting the drilling pressure in real time and changing the expansion state of the air bag body 13.
6. And after each drilling, the inner drilling tool is lifted out of the hole, the condition of the rock core is checked, and drilling parameters of the next drilling are adjusted according to the condition of the rock core.
7. The inner drilling tool is thrown into the hole, and the steps are repeated, so that the flow control device 5 is timely adjusted when the stratum changes.
Claims (5)
1. A self-adaptive drilling tool comprises a spring clamping assembly (8), an inner core tube (3) and a clamp spring seat (2) which are sequentially arranged in an outer core tube (4), wherein a drill bit (1) is arranged at the end part of the outer core tube (4); the method is characterized in that: the utility model provides a bullet card assembly (8) is equipped with pressure control device (9) between inner core tube (3), pressure control device (9) contain gasbag body (13), connecting piece one (14), connecting piece two (15) and intercommunication mouth (16), gasbag body (13) are hollow structure, are equipped with intercommunication mouth (16) on the lateral wall of gasbag body (13), and the space between gasbag body (13) and outer core tube (4) forms the water clearance, and the both ends of gasbag body (13) are equipped with connecting piece one (14) and connecting piece two (15) respectively, and connecting piece one (14) are connected with suspension joint (83) of bullet card assembly (8), and connecting piece two (15) are connected with inner core tube (3).
2. An adaptive drilling tool as recited in claim 1, wherein: a flow control device (5) is arranged in the spring card assembly (8), and the flow control device (5) comprises a flow valve body (10), a position adjusting valve block (11) and an adjusting knob (12); the flow valve body (10) is of a cylindrical structure with one end open, the flow valve body (10) is communicated with an internal main waterway (17) of the spring card assembly (8) through the opening, an annular groove (101) is arranged on the outer wall of the flow valve body (10), and a plurality of layers of water outlet holes (102) which are axially arranged are arranged on the inner wall of the flow valve body (10); the water outlet hole (102) is communicated with an external main waterway (18) of the spring clip assembly (8) through an annular groove (101), the position adjusting valve block (11) is in threaded connection with the inside of the flow valve body (10), the position adjusting valve block (11) is provided with an adjusting knob (12), the position of the position adjusting valve block (11) on the flow valve body (10) is adjusted by rotating the adjusting knob (12), the number of exposed layers of the water outlet hole (102) is increased or reduced, and the water flow of the flow valve body (10) is adjusted.
3. An adaptive drilling tool as recited in claim 2, wherein: the bullet cassette (81) of bullet card assembly (8) and hang the back inside formation cavity of seat (82) threaded connection, be equipped with inside main water route (17) in the inside cavity of bullet cassette (81), be equipped with flow valve body (10) in the inside cavity of suspension seat (82), the open end of flow valve body (10) and bullet cassette (81) tip contact; the inner main waterway (17), the inner cavity of the flow valve body (10), the water outlet hole (102), the annular groove (101) and the outer main waterway (18) are sequentially communicated to form a water flow channel.
4. An adaptive drilling tool according to claim 3, wherein: a seat ring (6) is arranged on the inner wall of the outer core tube (4), a suspension ring (7) is arranged outside the suspension seat (82), and the suspension ring (7) is clamped on the seat ring (6).
5. An adaptive drilling process using the adaptive drilling tool according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that:
(1) the process of adjusting the internal pressure of the self-adaptive drilling tool by the pressure control device (9) is as follows:
when the self-adaptive drilling tool drills into hard rock stratum, the length feeding speed is reduced, in order to maintain the length feeding efficiency, the drilling pressure is increased, along with the increase of the drilling pressure, the clamp spring seat (2) and the inner core tube (3) are gradually increased by upward force, and when the force is transmitted to the pressure control device (9), the air bag body (13) is expanded to cause the outer diameter to be increased, so that the water passing gap between the air bag body (13) and the outer core tube (4) is reduced, the pumping pressure of a slurry pump is increased, the flow rate of the slurry pump can be reduced to be stable, the rotating speed is increased, the drilling pressure is reduced, and the length feeding efficiency is maintained;
when the self-adaptive drilling tool drills into soft stratum, because the initial parameters of the pressure control device (9) are set according to the soft stratum, the outer diameter of the air bag body (13) of the pressure control device (9) is not changed or slightly increased, the water gap between the air bag body (13) and the outer core barrel (4) is not changed or slightly reduced, the pumping pressure and the drilling pressure are not obviously changed, and the drilling can be performed normally;
when the soft and hard interaction is carried out on frequent stratum drilling, the drilling efficiency is influenced and the occurrence of in-hole accidents is caused due to frequent change of drilling parameters, the pump quantity and the rotating speed can not be changed, and the stability of the drilling pressure is realized by adjusting the expansion state of the air bag body (13);
(2) the process of adjusting the internal flow of the self-adaptive drilling tool through the flow control device (5) is as follows:
the inner drilling tool is lifted out of the hole after each drilling is completed, the condition of the taken core is checked, and the water flow of the flow control device (5) can be adjusted according to the condition of the core so as to adapt to different stratum;
when the stratum is known to be a hard stratum, the adjusting knob (12) is rotated before the stratum is drilled, the number of exposed layers of the water outlet hole (102) is reduced, the water flow of the flow control device (5) is reduced, meanwhile, the water supply flow of the slurry pump is kept unchanged, the water flow injection speed is increased, and when the self-adaptive drilling tool works, rock powder at the bottom of the hole can be stirred, so that slurry and the rock powder can be fully contacted, and the slurry is convenient for carrying the rock powder to the ground;
when the stratum is known to be a soft stratum, the adjusting knob (12) is rotated before the stratum is drilled, the number of exposed layers of the water outlet holes (102) is increased, the water flow of the flow control device (5) is increased, and meanwhile, the water supply flow of the slurry pump is increased, so that a large amount of slurry can reach the bottom of the holes; the water flow of the flow control device (5) and the flow of the slurry pump are simultaneously increased, so that stable pumping pressure can be maintained under high flow, and abrupt change of the pumping pressure is avoided;
when the soft and hard interactive stratum is drilled or the stratum condition is unknown, the water flow of the flow control device (5) is adjusted according to the condition of taking out the rock core each time, then an inner drilling tool is thrown into the hole, and the steps are repeated so as to adapt to drilling of different strata.
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| WO2021253655A1 (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-12-23 | 中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所 | Rope coring drilling tool |
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| EP1811126A1 (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2007-07-25 | Omni Oil Technologies | Conical downhole reamer |
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