CN116639815A - Ecological purification system based on estuary wetland and construction method - Google Patents
Ecological purification system based on estuary wetland and construction method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
- E03F1/001—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water into a body of water
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides an ecological purification system based on estuary wetland and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of wetland environment restoration, wherein the method comprises the following steps: dividing a wetland into a stabilizing pond and a plurality of wetland units, wherein the wetland units are positioned at the downstream of the stabilizing pond, and the wetland units are connected in parallel; step two, pumping water, dredging, backfilling, leveling and sterilizing the existing polder pond, and constructing a multistage ecological pond in the wetland unit; step three, constructing a hydraulic regulation and control facility and a landscape facility; and fourthly, discharging water into the wetland, and throwing the aquatic plants and the aquatic animals. The application utilizes the existing estuary water ponds to communicate with each other, generates higher hydraulic gradient through the modes of excavation, filling and the like, improves the fluidity of water bodies in the water ponds, puts various aquatic organisms into the water ponds, reforms the water ponds into an ecological purification system capable of being used for water quality purification, can reduce the content of pollutants in river water entering lakes and sea water, and reduces the eutrophication risks of water bodies such as lakes, sea water and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of wetland environment restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological purification system based on estuary wetland and a construction method thereof.
Background
Along with the annual increase of industrial and residential water, the generated sewage is also increased year by year, the sewage is treated by a sewage treatment plant, and standard discharge can be basically realized, but the treated reclaimed water still contains a small amount of organic nitrogen and other pollutants, and the risk of water eutrophication still exists because the environmental bearing capacity of the treated reclaimed water to the pollutants is limited by rivers, lakes and seas, and the treated reclaimed water is directly discharged to the rivers and lakes.
The river water quality purification treatment by utilizing the estuary wetland is a popular scheme in recent years, such as a method for constructing the estuary water quality purification wetland and a wetland system thereof disclosed in CN115745186A (2023.03.07 of publication), and the effect of the water quality strengthening and purifying function under the condition of limited space and residence time is ensured by diversion of a diversion submerged dike and multistage pond joint control, so that the method can be suitable for the water quality strengthening and purifying treatment of the estuary wetland with deeper water depth and short residence time; in addition, as disclosed in CN214883381U (publication date 2021.11.16), the small micro wetland structure of the pond is characterized in that the pond, the pond and the ditch are reasonably distributed from top to bottom along the mountain land topography, so that a coherent and complete water ecology system integrating functions of guiding, storing, filling and discharging is formed, the geographic topography, natural materials and natural rainfall are fully utilized, and the organic unification of production, living and ecology of the mountain land region is realized. In addition, CN202111633562.6 (publication date 2022.04.15) discloses a system and a method for repairing functions of a wetland under flood storage constraint of a estuary region, which reforms the estuary wetland, is communicated with a water system through terrain reforming, breaks the separation between regions, reduces dead water regions, is favorable for smooth water flow when the estuary region is used for storing flood, constructs a multi-field running water chain wetland through a reinforced purification region, increases ecological diversity of the estuary wetland, purifies water quality through denitrification and dephosphorization, repairs ecological functions of the estuary wetland, improves self-adaption, self-recovery and self-adjustment capabilities of the estuary wetland through a natural essence region, and greatly improves ecological elasticity of the estuary wetland.
The polder is a special irrigation terrain developed in the south of China and is commonly used for planting rice. The artificial dyke is built by artificial dykes and ridges to form one or more flood dykes or irrigation dykes which encircle farmlands, and the flood dykes or irrigation dykes are usually formed at the edges of river channels, river bays or depressions and are connected with natural water systems.
The river water entering the lake and the sea is purified by the polder, so that the existing wetland resources can be utilized, and the engineering quantity and the construction cost of construction are reduced. However, the water in the polder pond generally is in plain areas, the land is flat, the inlet and outlet fall is extremely small, and due to the influence of aquatic plants, the water in the polder pond flows extremely slowly and has poor water quality, and most of the water is divided into continuous ponds which are not communicated with each other due to the activities of cultivation, planting and the like, the exchange amount of large-scale water bodies such as rivers is extremely small, and the water is difficult to directly use for purifying the water entering lakes and the sea.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a construction method of an ecological purification system based on estuary wetland, which utilizes the existing levee to purify river water entering a lake or sea and solves the problems of slow water flow, poor water quality and the like of the existing levee.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
the construction method of the ecological purification system based on the estuary wetland comprises the following steps:
dividing a wetland into a stabilizing pond and a plurality of wetland units, wherein the wetland units are positioned at the downstream of the stabilizing pond, and the wetland units are connected in parallel;
step two, pumping water, dredging, backfilling, leveling and sterilizing the existing polder pond, and constructing a multistage ecological pond in the wetland unit;
step three, constructing a hydraulic regulation and control facility and a landscape facility;
and fourthly, discharging water into the wetland, and throwing the aquatic plants and the aquatic animals.
Preferably, in the second step, the processes of pumping water, dredging, backfilling, leveling and killing the existing polder pond are as follows:
pumping water from the existing polder pond, cleaning sludge in the polder pond to a designed elevation, backfilling and compacting side slopes of the polder pond, backfilling bottom and side slopes of the polder pond by using sludge in the polder pond, and finally leveling, sterilizing, airing and turning over the sludge;
in the second step, the process of constructing the multistage ecological pond in the wetland unit is as follows:
and an aeration pond, an oxidation pond, an anaerobic pond and a submerged plant pond are divided into an aerobic pond and a facultative pond according to different depths, and filling or excavation transformation is respectively carried out according to different design depths of the aeration pond, the oxidation pond, the anaerobic pond and the submerged plant pond.
Preferably, in the third step, the hydraulic regulation and control facility is constructed as follows:
the existing polder ponds in the upstream-downstream relation are communicated through a ridge opening, a culvert pipe or a barrage;
a water inlet communicated with a river channel is arranged at the inlet of the stabilizing pond, and a water inlet gate is arranged;
a water outlet communicated with the downstream is arranged at the outlet of the wetland unit.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the aquatic plants and the aquatic animals are put in as follows:
floating leaf plants are put in the stabilizing pond, submerged plants are put in the aeration pond and the submerged plant pond, at least one of the floating leaf plants, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are put in the oxidation pond and the anaerobic pond, and the aquatic plant landscape pond is put with the aquatic plant hydrangea plant;
proper amount of fish fry and benthos are put in as the starting factors of the healthy water ecological system, the putting density of the fish fry is 20g/m2, the putting type is herbivorous fishes, and the putting density of the benthos is 2g/m 2 The putting type is shellfish.
Preferably, in the third step, the process of constructing the hydraulic regulation facility further comprises arranging a drainage ditch at the drainage port, and arranging a drainage pump at the outlet of the drainage ditch.
The application also provides an ecological purification system based on the estuary wetland, which is obtained based on the construction method, and comprises the following steps:
the stabilizing pond is provided with a water inlet communicated with the river channel;
a plurality of wetland units communicated with the stabilization pond;
the wetland units consist of a plurality of communicated water-permeable ponds, the wetland units are provided with water outlets leading to the outside of the wetland, at least one of the wetland units is provided with a multistage ecological pond, the multistage ecological pond comprises an aeration pond, an oxidation pond, an anaerobic pond and a submerged plant pond which are arranged in series, and the depths of the aeration pond, the oxidation pond, the anaerobic pond and the submerged plant pond are sequentially increased;
the hydraulic gradient of the water inlet and the water outlet is not lower than 0.7 per mill, and the depth of the polder pond is increased according to the increase of the distance between the polder pond and the water inlet in one wetland unit.
Preferably, adjacent polder ponds are communicated through a ridge making, culvert pipes or barrages, hydrophilic trestle ways are arranged in the stabilizing ponds and/or the wetland units, and aquatic plant landscape ponds and/or fishing ponds are arranged in the wetland units.
Preferably, floating plants are put in the stabilizing pond, at least one of floating plants, emergent plants and submerged plants are put in the aeration pond, the oxidation pond, the anaerobic pond and the submerged plant pond, and fish and/or benthos are put in the stabilizing pond and the wetland unit.
Preferably, the oxidation pond comprises an aerobic pond and a facultative pond, the depth of the facultative pond is larger than that of the aerobic pond, the depth of the aerobic pond is 0.5-1.0 m, the depth of the facultative pond is 1.5-2.0 m, the depth of the anaerobic pond is 2.5-3.0 m, and the depth of the submerged plant pond is 3.0-3.5 m.
Preferably, the water inlet is provided with a water inlet gate, the water outlet is provided with a drainage ditch, and the outlet of the drainage ditch is provided with a drainage pump.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) The application utilizes the hydraulic gradient between the water inlet and the water outlet to promote the water body in the wetland to flow towards the water outlet, and simultaneously opens up the adjacent polder pond, thereby improving the fluidity of the water body; along with the increase of the distance between the polder pond and the water inlet, the depth of the polder pond is gradually increased, the polder pond can be used for planting different types of aquatic plants, the oxygen content distribution in the polder pond is changed, and pollutants are subjected to oxidation and reduction reactions in different polder ponds, so that the pollutants are decomposed and converted into harmless substances, and the content of the pollutants in water entering lakes and seas is reduced.
(2) In a wetland unit, the depth of a polder pond is increased according to the increase of the distance between the polder pond and a water inlet, and the depth of the polder pond is more approximate, so that the design depth of the polder pond which is nearer to the water inlet is smaller than the existing depth and needs to be filled, while the design depth of the polder pond which is farther from the water inlet is larger than the existing depth and needs to be excavated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of embodiment 1 of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an aerobic pond, a facultative tank, and an anaerobic pond according to the present application.
Reference numerals: 1. stabilizing the pond; 2. a wetland unit; 3. a draining pump; 4. drainage ditches; 5. hydrophilic trestle; 101. a water inlet; 102. a water inlet gate; 201. a water outlet; 202. an aeration pond; 203. an oxidation pond; 204. an anaerobic pond; 205. submerged plant pond; 2a, a first wetland unit; 2b, a second wetland unit; 2c, a third wetland unit; 203a, an aerobic pond; 203b, a facultative pond.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application, fall within the scope of protection of the application.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that references to orientation descriptions such as upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, a number means one or more, a number means two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to not include the present number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the present number. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the term "connected" should be construed broadly, and for example, it may be a fixed connection or an active connection, or it may be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection, or it may be an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected, or may be in communication with each other; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements, indirect communication or interaction relationship between the two elements.
The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
Aiming at the current purification treatment problem of water entering a lake or a sea river, the application takes a polder wetland at the mouth of a certain freshwater lake-entering lake as an example, and the ecological purification system based on the mouth wetland is specifically described.
Wetland profile:
the water level of the water level-reducing ecological water treatment device is characterized in that the water level of the water level-reducing ecological water treatment device is positioned at the south side of a river mouth of a river I entering a freshwater lake I, the east side of the water level-reducing ecological water treatment device is the freshwater lake I, the current situation of the water level-reducing ecological water treatment device mainly comprises a large number of square fishponds, the total area is about 2310 mu, the topography is lower, the ground elevation is about 8.0m, the elevation of the bottom of the water level-reducing ecological water treatment device is about 6.0m, the elevation of the river I is about 8.1m, and due to the fact that water flow is lack for a long time, the water quality inside the water level-reducing ecological water treatment device and the ditch in an area is poor, and sludge at the bottom of the water level-reducing ecological water level is more.
A sewage treatment plant is arranged near the river I, and tail water of the sewage treatment plant is directly discharged into the river I, so that the influence on the water quality of the river I is great.
The tail water quality of the sewage treatment plant is detected, and the result is as follows:
TABLE 1 Sewage treatment plant tail water quality
The tail water of the sewage treatment plant has the highest organic nitrogen content which accounts for 81.5 percent of the total nitrogen content, and the ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content is less.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for constructing an ecological purification system based on estuary wetland, which is used for constructing the ecological purification system based on estuary wetland provided in the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
dividing the wetland into a stabilizing pond 1 and a plurality of wetland units 2, wherein the wetland units 2 are positioned at the downstream of the stabilizing pond 1, and the wetland units 2 are connected in parallel;
based on the existing pond wetland, the pond wetland is divided into a stabilizing pond 1 and three wetland units 2 (a first wetland unit 2a, a second wetland unit 2b and a third wetland unit 2c respectively) which are communicated with the stabilizing pond 1 in parallel,
the inlet of the stabilization pond 1 is communicated with the river first, and is a water inlet 101, the first wetland unit 2a, the second wetland unit 2b and the third wetland unit 2c are positioned at the downstream of the stabilization pond 1, and are provided with a water outlet 201 leading to the outside of the wetland, after the river water of the river first enters the stabilization pond 1 through the water inlet 101, three paths of river water respectively enter the first wetland unit 2a, the second wetland unit 2b and the third wetland unit 2c for purification, and finally are discharged from the water outlet 201 and finally flow into the fresh water lake first at the downstream.
Step two, pumping water, dredging, backfilling, leveling and sterilizing the existing polder pond, and constructing a multistage ecological pond in the wetland unit 2;
measuring the top surface position and the elevation of the water surface of the existing polder, and then adopting a high-power sewage pump to pump water to the bottom so as to reduce the water content of sludge; clearing sludge in the polder to the designed elevation, and if the sludge is excavated to the designed elevation, continuing to clear the sludge downwards; filling the slope of the polder pond in layers according to a layer of 30cm, compacting, and finishing the slope of the polder pond with the slope of not more than 1:5; backfilling sludge to the bottom of the polder and the side slope, backfilling the sludge to a thickness of 30cm, leveling and sterilizing the sludge by using quicklime, airing for a week after the sterilization, and turning over for later use.
Meanwhile, a multistage ecological pond is built in the second wetland unit 2b, and an aeration pond 202, an oxidation pond 203, an anaerobic pond 204 and a submerged plant pond 205 are divided into the multistage ecological pond, wherein the oxidation pond 203 is divided into an aerobic pond 203a and a facultative pond 203b according to different depths, and filling and excavation measures are respectively adopted for the existing pond according to the depth requirements of the oxidation pond 203, the anaerobic pond 204 and the submerged plant pond 205 to reconstruct the existing pond, so that the depth of the reconstructed sludge pond meets the requirements of planting different types of aquatic plants.
Step three, constructing a hydraulic regulation and control facility and a landscape facility;
in the stabilizing pond 1, the first wetland unit 2a, the second wetland unit 2b and the third wetland unit 2c, the ponds in an upstream-downstream relation in the construction scheme are interconnected and communicated through a ridge, a culvert pipe or a barrage, then a water inlet 101 is arranged between the stabilizing pond 1 and a river I, river water is introduced, a sluice is arranged, a water outlet 201 is arranged at one end, far away from the water inlet 101, of the first wetland unit 2a, the second wetland unit 2b and the third wetland unit 2c, and if the water outlet 201 is far away from a downstream lake, a waterlogging ditch 4 is arranged at the water outlet 201 for drainage; if the elevation at the drain port 201 is low, a drain pump 3 may be provided at the drain port 201 to pump out water from the wetland.
And fourthly, discharging water into the wetland, and throwing the aquatic plants and the aquatic animals.
Discharging water into the wetland, throwing floating leaf plants into the stabilizing pond 1, respectively throwing floating leaf plants (such as gorgon euryale, caraway, water shield, lotus, water lily and the like), emergent aquatic plants (such as Lythrum, rhizoma acori graminei, canna, typha and the like) and submerged plants (such as Goldfish algae, water caltrop, bitter grass and the like) into the first wetland unit 2a, the second wetland unit 2b and the third wetland unit 2c according to the water depths of the respective ponds, and then throwing fish and benthonic organisms into the stabilizing pond 1 and the first, second and third wetland units 2a, 2b and 2c, wherein the fish throwing density is 20g/m 2 Benthos release density of 2g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fish species are herbivorous fishes such as silver carp, grass carp and bighead carp, and the benthos are mainly shellfish such as Chinese freshwater razor clam, cinnamomum tenuifolia, hyriopsis cumingii, ear radish snail, corbicula fluminea, river snail and freshwater mussel.
The scheme of throwing aquatic plants in the multistage ecological pond is that submerged plants are thrown in an aeration pond 202 and a submerged plant pond 205, at least one of floating plants, emergent plants and submerged plants are thrown in an oxidation pond 203 and an anaerobic pond 204, and aquatic plants such as water lily plants (cane shoots, lotus roots, cress, gorgon fruits, arrowheads, water chestnuts, water shield and water chestnut) are thrown in a aquatic plant landscape pond.
Organic matters are mainly metabolized and decomposed in the aeration pond 202, organic nitrogen is ammoniated, nitrification reaction is mainly performed in the oxidation pond 203, ammonia nitrogen is oxidized, denitrification reaction is mainly performed in the anaerobic pond 204, and nitrate nitrogen is reduced into nitrogen under the anoxic condition.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, this embodiment proposes an ecological purification system based on estuary wetland, which is constructed based on the method provided in embodiment 1, and is based on the existing water-purifying pond wetland, and is divided into a stabilizing pond 1 and three wetland units 2 (a first wetland unit 2a, a second wetland unit 2b, and a third wetland unit 2 c) connected in parallel and communicated with the stabilizing pond 1, wherein the inlet of the stabilizing pond 1 is communicated with a river first, and is a water inlet 101, the first wetland unit 2a, the second wetland unit 2b, and the third wetland unit 2c are located downstream of the stabilizing pond 1, and are provided with a water outlet 201 leading to the outside of the wetland, and after river water of the river first enters the stabilizing pond 1 through the water inlet 101, three paths enter the first wetland unit 2a, the second wetland unit 2b, and the third wetland unit 2c respectively, are purified, and finally discharged from the river water outlet 201, and finally flows into the fresh water outlet 201 at the downstream.
The stabilizing pond 1, the first wetland unit 2a, the second wetland unit 2b and the third wetland unit 2c all comprise a plurality of ponds, in order to increase the water area for water quality purification and reduce water flow resistance, the ponds are opened in the stabilizing pond 1 and the wetland unit 2, the hydraulic gradient of the water inlet 101 and the water outlet 201 is kept to be not lower than 0.7 per mill, and if the hydraulic gradient is too low, water flow is slow, and the treatment capacity and the purification effect of the wetland are affected.
In the first wetland unit 2a, the second wetland unit 2b and the third wetland unit 2c, the depth of the polder pond is increased according to the increase of the distance between the polder pond and the water inlet 101, the depth of the polder pond is gradually increased, the volume of water which can be accommodated by the polder pond is gradually increased, and the processing capacity is gradually enhanced; meanwhile, as the requirements of the aquatic plants such as floating leaf plants, emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and the like on the growth environments such as water depth, oxygen content and the like are different, the polder ponds with different depths can be suitable for the growth of different types of aquatic plants, so that the ecological environment of the wetland is more diversified.
The multistage ecological pond is arranged in the second wetland unit 2b, specifically, the multistage ecological pond comprises an aeration pond 202, an oxidation pond 203, an anaerobic pond 204 and a submerged plant pond 205 which are arranged in series, the depths of the aeration pond 202, the oxidation pond 203, the anaerobic pond 204 and the submerged plant pond 205 are sequentially increased, the multistage ecological pond can be used for planting floating plants, emergent plants and submerged plants, the oxygen content in the aeration pond 202, the oxidation pond 203, the anaerobic pond 204 and the submerged plant pond 205 is regulated by utilizing aquatic plants, nitrogen-containing pollutants are subjected to nitrification and denitrification reactions in the multistage ecological pond, and finally are decomposed into harmless substances such as nitrogen and the like, so that the eutrophication of water bodies can be effectively prevented.
In the embodiment, in the stabilizing pond 1, the first wetland unit 2a, the second wetland unit 2b and the third wetland unit 2c, independent polder ponds are interconnected and communicated through a ridge, a culvert pipe or a barrage; when the water level difference of the adjacent polder ponds is minimum, and when the water level difference is required to be increased, water in the upstream polder pond can overflow into the downstream polder pond in a barrage mode.
In this embodiment, the oxidation pond 203 includes an aerobic pond 203a and a facultative pond 203b, the depth of the aerobic pond 203a is 0.5-1.0 m, the depth of the facultative pond 203b is 1.5-2.0 m, the depth of the anaerobic pond 204 is 2.5-3.0 m, the depth of the submerged plant pond 205 is 3.0-3.5 m, different depths are suitable for the growth of different aquatic plants, floating plants are put in the stabilization pond 1, submerged plants such as algae are put in the aeration pond 202, floating plants and emergent plants are put in the oxidation pond 203, submerged plants and a small amount of floating plants are put in the anaerobic pond 204, and only submerged plants are put in the submerged plant pond 205; simultaneously, grass carp (silver carp, grass carp and bighead carp) and benthic organism (Chinese freshwater razor clam, cinnamomum campanum) are put into the stabilizing pond 1, the first wetland unit 2a, the second wetland unit 2b and the third wetland unit 2cMussel with no back angle, ear-radish snail, corbicula fluminea, river snail, freshwater mussel, etc.), wherein the fish throwing density is 20g/m 2 Benthos release density of 2g/m 2 。
In this embodiment, set up the fishing pond in the stabilization pond 1, set up aquatic plant view pond in the second wetland unit 2b, set up hydrophilic landing stage 5 in stabilization pond 1 and the third wetland unit 2c, the visitor of being convenient for is at the wetland tourism, amusement, wherein aquatic plant that aquatic plant in the pond was planted is with the aquatic eight immortals (cane shoot, lotus root, cress, gorgon fruit, arrowhead, water chestnut, water shield, water chestnut) as the main part, has higher sight to can be used to uses such as science popularization aquaculture.
In an alternative embodiment of the present application, the water inlet 101 is provided with the water inlet valve 102, and since the elevation of the water outlet 201 is lower and is far away from the first freshwater lake, the water outlet 201 is provided with the water drainage ditch 4, the outlet of the water drainage ditch 4 is provided with the water discharge pump 3, the wetland effluent is fed into the first freshwater lake through the water drainage ditch 4 and the water discharge pump 3, the water inflow and the water discharge of the wetland can be controlled through the water inlet valve 102 and the water discharge pump 3, and when the tail water quality of the sewage treatment plant at the upstream exceeds the water inflow quality requirement of the wetland, the water inlet valve 102 can be completely closed, and the wetland cannot be fed.
Water quality monitoring points are respectively arranged at the inlet and outlet of the water inlet 101, the water outlet 201 and the inlet and outlet of the multistage ecological pond, the water quality entering and exiting the wetland and the water quality inside the wetland are monitored, and detection data of 30 continuous days are extracted and averaged, as shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 Water quality variation of wetland Inlet and outlet
As shown in table 2 above, the total nitrogen content in the wetland wastewater is significantly reduced relative to the wetland inlet water, and a significant water quality purification effect is achieved.
The water quality of the second wetland unit 2b provided with the multistage ecological pond is obviously improved compared with that of the first wetland unit 2a and the third wetland unit 2c by comparing the water quality of the water outlets 201a, b and c, and the purification effect of the wetland can be obviously improved by arranging the multistage ecological pond.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The construction method of the ecological purification system based on the estuary wetland is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
dividing a wetland into a stabilizing pond and a plurality of wetland units, wherein the wetland units are positioned at the downstream of the stabilizing pond, and the wetland units are connected in parallel;
step two, pumping water, dredging, backfilling, leveling and sterilizing the existing polder pond, and constructing a multistage ecological pond in the wetland unit;
step three, constructing a hydraulic regulation and control facility and a landscape facility;
and fourthly, discharging water into the wetland, and throwing the aquatic plants and the aquatic animals.
2. The method for constructing an ecological purification system based on estuary wetlands according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the operations of pumping water, dredging, backfilling and leveling and killing the existing levee pond are as follows:
pumping water from the existing polder pond, cleaning sludge in the polder pond to a designed elevation, backfilling and compacting side slopes of the polder pond, backfilling bottom and side slopes of the polder pond by using sludge in the polder pond, and finally leveling, sterilizing, airing and turning over the sludge;
in the second step, the process of constructing the multistage ecological pond in the wetland unit is as follows:
and an aeration pond, an oxidation pond, an anaerobic pond and a submerged plant pond are divided into an aerobic pond and a facultative pond according to different depths, and filling or excavation transformation is respectively carried out according to different design depths of the aeration pond, the oxidation pond, the anaerobic pond and the submerged plant pond.
3. The method for constructing an ecological purification system based on estuary wetlands according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the hydraulic control facility is constructed as follows:
the existing polder ponds in the upstream-downstream relation are communicated through a ridge opening, a culvert pipe or a barrage;
a water inlet communicated with a river channel is arranged at the inlet of the stabilizing pond, and a water inlet gate is arranged;
a water outlet communicated with the downstream is arranged at the outlet of the wetland unit.
4. The method for constructing an ecological purification system based on estuary wetlands according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the process of throwing in aquatic plants and aquatic animals is as follows:
floating leaf plants are put in the stabilizing pond, submerged plants are put in the aeration pond and the submerged plant pond, at least one of the floating leaf plants, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are put in the oxidation pond and the anaerobic pond, and the aquatic plant landscape pond is put with the aquatic plant hydrangea plant;
proper amount of fish fry and benthos are put in as the starting factors of the ecological system of healthy water, and the putting density of the fish fry is 20g/m 2 The feeding type is herbivorous fishes, and benthonic organisms are fed with the density of 2g/m 2 The putting type is shellfish.
5. The method for constructing an ecological purification system based on estuary wetlands according to claim 3, wherein in the third step, the process of constructing a hydraulic control facility further comprises arranging a drainage ditch at the water outlet, and arranging a drainage pump at the outlet of the drainage ditch.
6. An ecological purification system based on estuary wetlands, obtained by the construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising:
the stabilizing pond is provided with a water inlet communicated with the river channel;
a plurality of wetland units communicated with the stabilization pond;
the wetland units consist of a plurality of communicated water-permeable ponds, the wetland units are provided with water outlets leading to the outside of the wetland, at least one of the wetland units is provided with a multistage ecological pond, the multistage ecological pond comprises an aeration pond, an oxidation pond, an anaerobic pond and a submerged plant pond which are arranged in series, and the depths of the aeration pond, the oxidation pond, the anaerobic pond and the submerged plant pond are sequentially increased;
the hydraulic gradient of the water inlet and the water outlet is not lower than 0.7 per mill, and the depth of the polder pond is increased according to the increase of the distance between the polder pond and the water inlet in one wetland unit.
7. The estuary wetland based ecological purification system according to claim 6, wherein adjacent water ponds are communicated by a ridge, a culvert pipe or a barrage, a hydrophilic trestle is arranged in the stabilizing pond and/or the wetland unit, and an aquatic plant landscape pond and/or a fishing pond is arranged in the wetland unit.
8. The estuary wetland based ecological purification system of claim 6 wherein floating plants are placed in said stabilization pond, at least one of floating plants, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are placed in said aeration pond, oxidation pond, anaerobic pond and submerged plant pond, and fish and/or benthos are placed in said stabilization pond, wetland unit.
9. The ecological purification system based on estuary wetland according to claim 6, wherein the oxidation pond comprises an aerobic pond and a facultative pond, the facultative pond has a depth greater than that of the aerobic pond, the aerobic pond has a depth of 0.5-1.0 m, the facultative pond has a depth of 1.5-2.0 m, the anaerobic pond has a depth of 2.5-3.0 m, and the submerged plant pond has a depth of 3.0-3.5 m.
10. The estuary wetland based ecological purification system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein said water inlet is provided with a water inlet gate, said water outlet is provided with a drainage ditch, and said drainage ditch is provided with a drainage pump at its outlet.
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