CN116637733A - Temperature calibration test method for in-situ heating of centrifugal machine under high rotation speed and high temperature - Google Patents
Temperature calibration test method for in-situ heating of centrifugal machine under high rotation speed and high temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN116637733A CN116637733A CN202310549822.4A CN202310549822A CN116637733A CN 116637733 A CN116637733 A CN 116637733A CN 202310549822 A CN202310549822 A CN 202310549822A CN 116637733 A CN116637733 A CN 116637733A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B13/00—Control arrangements specially designed for centrifuges; Programme control of centrifuges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B15/00—Other accessories for centrifuges
- B04B15/02—Other accessories for centrifuges for cooling, heating, or heat insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
- B04B7/08—Rotary bowls
- B04B7/12—Inserts, e.g. armouring plates
- B04B7/16—Sieves or filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
- B04B9/12—Suspending rotary bowls ; Bearings; Packings for bearings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature calibration test method for in-situ heating of a centrifugal machine under the action of high rotation speed and high temperature. Parameters of a centrifugal machine and a test sample are determined, a temperature correction sample and a plurality of test samples are installed in a sample chuck, and a thermocouple is inserted; keeping static under the condition that the centrifugal machine is not started, controlling the induction heating system and the circulating water cooling system to work by the vacuumizing temperature control system, applying temperature load to the test sample and the temperature correction sample, and preserving heat after the temperature reaches a preset temperature; analyzing and processing to obtain parameters of the upper and lower induction coils during formal test measurement; and (3) withdrawing the temperature correction sample, replacing the test sample, starting the spindle of the centrifugal machine to rotate and reach the rotating speed, and controlling according to the parameters obtained in the fifth step until the test sample is broken and broken. The invention solves the defect that the radiation heating at high rotating speed can only check the ambient temperature but can not check the temperature of the sample accurately, and can check the temperature of the sample directly at high rotating speed, so that the temperature of the test part is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a temperature calibration control method for heating a centrifugal machine in the field of in-situ heating of metal materials, in particular to a temperature calibration test method for in-situ heating of a centrifugal machine for metal materials under the action of high rotating speed and high temperature.
Background
National standards GB/T38822-2020 "method for creep-fatigue test of Metal Material" and GB/T6825.1-2008 "static uniaxial tester", part 1: test methods for mechanical properties of metallic materials are specified in the test and calibration of force measuring systems of tensile and/or compressive testing machines, but the test environments specified by the standards are 1G (g=9.8 m/s) 2 ) Can meet the research of the mechanical properties of the metal material. However, in turbine propulsion systems, such as aeroengines, space engines, industrial and naval gas turbines, and automotive and train turbochargers, the critical components of the power system, such as compressor blades, fan blades, turbine rotor blades, etc., are in a high-speed rotation state during normal operation, i.e., the service environment is typically a centrifugal hypergravity environment.
The turbine propulsion system is generally a turbine power device which converts heat energy generated by burning fuel into mechanical energy by driving a turbine through thermal expansion work on a working blade by a guide blade, and the turbocharger is a power device which converts waste heat of an engine into mechanical energy by utilizing thermal expansion work on the turbine by using waste gas of a diesel (gasoline) engine. The turbine working blades of the power devices rotate around the axis of the engine at a high speed during service, and the power devices are used for expanding and doing work by the fuel gas and converting potential energy and heat energy of the fuel gas into mechanical work of the rotor, so that the loads born by the turbine working blades during service comprise aerodynamic force, centrifugal force and thermal load. The centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation belongs to volume force, so that radial tensile stress is mainly generated on the blade, and torsional stress is generated on the blade with a torsional structure. If the stacking line of the blade does not completely coincide with the radial line, the centrifugal force also causes bending stress to the blade. The thermal stresses generated by the thermal load are closely related to the temperature gradient and geometric constraints of the blade, and the greater the temperature gradient of the blade, the greater the thermal stresses. However, the key material mechanical property data for designing the turbine blade of the turbine propulsion system at present are all from the mechanical property data of the material in static and uniaxial stress states obtained by testing standard samples through the testing machines such as endurance, creep, fatigue and the like under the 1G condition. Although the mechanical property data of the standard sample can provide design basis for the strength design of the turbine blade of the turbine propulsion system to a certain extent, the complicated stress state of the blade is different from that of the standard sample because the blade has a complicated geometric shape, the mechanical property data of the material obtained by the standard sample does not consider the influence of high rotation speed, the geometric structure of the blade and the like on the structural reliability of the blade, and the mechanical property data of the material cannot be directly used for evaluating the service life of the turbine blade.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect of the current 1G metal material static mechanical property test, the invention provides an in-situ heating temperature correction method capable of applying in-situ heating temperature correction to a metal material under a high-speed rotation environment, and solves the key problems of in-situ heating, temperature correction and intelligent temperature control in the metal material mechanical property test process under the high-speed and high-temperature effect, aiming at the fact that no in-situ heating and temperature correction method suitable for the metal material mechanical property test process under the high-speed and high-temperature effect exists at present.
In-situ heating of a metal material in a high-rotation-speed environment refers to that in the mechanical property test process of the metal material or a part, the test material or the part rotating at a high speed is always in an in-situ heating state until the test is finished.
The temperature check of the metal material in-situ heating system in the high-rotation-speed environment disclosed by the invention means that in the mechanical property test process of the metal material or the part, in-situ temperature measurement and calibration are carried out on the temperature distribution of the tested material or the part in a high-speed rotation state or a static state.
The high temperature refers to the heating temperature applied to the designated area of the sample in the experiment is not lower than 500 ℃, and the duration of in-situ heating is not lower than the test time.
The high rotating speed refers to that the highest rotating speed of the centrifugal machine is not lower than 5000 revolutions/min in the experiment.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the first step: determining the spindle rotating speed and the wheel disc radius of the centrifugal machine according to experimental conditions;
and a second step of: determining the size and weight of a mass block in a test sample and the size and geometric center of a gauge length section;
and a third step of: determining the test temperature and the centrifugal stress applied by the geometric center of the gauge length section, further determining the rotating speed corresponding to the centrifugal stress of the geometric center of the gauge length section, and determining the distance between the geometric center of the gauge length section and the center of the spindle of the centrifugal machine;
fourth step: a temperature correction sample is arranged in one clamping groove of the sample chuck, test samples are arranged in the rest clamping grooves, and the temperature correction sample is arranged beside the test samples; thermocouples are inserted into the thermocouple holes of the temperature correction sample, and a temperature control thermocouple is fixed at the geometric center position of the gauge length sections of the test sample and the temperature correction sample;
fifth step: under the condition that the centrifugal machine is not started, the sample chuck, the test sample and the temperature correction sample on the sample chuck are kept static, the environment is vacuumized, then an induction heating system, a circulating water cooling system and a temperature control system are started, the temperature control system is used for controlling the induction heating system and the circulating water cooling system to work so as to apply temperature loads to the test sample and the temperature correction sample, and after the temperature reaches a preset temperature, the temperature is kept for a period of time;
Analyzing and processing temperature data obtained by measuring thermocouples in the thermocouple holes of the test sample and the temperature correction sample to obtain parameters of the energizing current and the current alternating frequency of the upper induction coil and the lower induction coil and the spacing between the upper induction coil and the lower induction coil during formal test measurement;
sixth step: withdrawing the temperature correction sample from the clamping groove of the sample chuck, replacing the test sample, starting the centrifuge again, enabling the spindle of the centrifuge to rotate and enabling the rotating speed to reach the rotating speed corresponding to the centrifugal stress, performing formal test, controlling the interval between the upper induction coil and the lower induction coil and the electrified current and the current alternating frequency according to the parameters obtained in the fifth step, and keeping the parameters unchanged until the test sample is broken by pulling.
The method adopts a temperature calibration testing device which comprises a sample chuck, an induction heating system, a circulating water cooling system and a temperature control system; the sample chuck is coaxially arranged on the main shaft of the centrifugal machine and synchronously rotates along with the main shaft of the centrifugal machine, the sample chuck is provided with a test sample and a temperature correction sample, the induction heating system is coaxially arranged on the centrifugal machine and does not rotate along with the main shaft of the centrifugal machine, the induction heating system is connected with the circulating water cooling system, and the temperature control system is respectively connected with the circulating water cooling system and the test sample.
The sample chuck comprises a disc body, clamping grooves and a flange, wherein the flanges are coaxially arranged at two ends of the center of the disc body, the disc body is coaxially and fixedly connected with a spindle of a centrifugal machine through the flanges, a plurality of clamping grooves are formed in the periphery of the disc body along the circumferential direction, the clamping grooves are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, and each clamping groove is used for mounting a test sample.
The test sample is strip-shaped and comprises a mass block, a standard moment section, a bearing section and an assembling tenon which are sequentially connected, wherein the mass block, the standard moment section, the bearing section and the assembling tenon are sequentially arranged along the strip-shaped test sample, and the assembling tenon is embedded in a clamping groove of the sample chuck.
The temperature calibration sample and the test sample have the same structure, shape and size, except that a plurality of thermocouple holes with different depths are formed in the temperature calibration sample, each thermocouple hole is formed and arranged along the radial direction of the disk body of the sample chuck, and each thermocouple Kong Junan is provided with one thermocouple.
The induction heating system comprises an upper induction coil, an upper fixing plate, a lower induction coil and a lower fixing plate; the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate are respectively and fixedly arranged in parallel at an upper-lower interval, and a sample chuck is arranged in the interval between the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate; the annular upper induction coil and the annular lower induction coil are respectively fixed on the bottom surface of the upper fixing plate, the lower fixing plate and the top surface through the upper induction coil insulating layer and the lower induction coil insulating layer.
The upper induction coil and the lower induction coil are respectively wrapped in the inner cavities of the upper induction coil insulating layer and the lower induction coil insulating layer, the inner cavities of the upper induction coil insulating layer and the lower induction coil insulating layer are communicated through pipelines, and the upper induction coil insulating layer and the lower induction coil insulating layer are respectively fixed on the bottom surface of the upper fixing plate, the bottom surface of the lower fixing plate and the top surface through an upper fixing screw rod and a lower fixing screw rod.
The circulating water cooling system comprises a pipeline assembly, a circulating water inlet pipe, a circulating water outlet pipe, a positive electrode, an inner insulating sleeve, a metal sleeve, a negative electrode, a copper pipe, an insulating pressing sleeve, a fixing flange, an insulating pressing sleeve, a compressing round nut, a sealing piece, an electrode insulating pressing sleeve, an external water outlet pipe, an external positive electrode plate, an external water inlet pipe and an external negative electrode plate; an insulating pressing sleeve used for insulating the copper pipe is sleeved outside the copper pipe, and a metal sleeve is sleeved outside the insulating pressing sleeve; the middle part of the metal sleeve is sealed and sleeved in a central hole of a fixed flange through an insulating pressing sleeve and a sealing ring for a shaft, the fixed flange is fixed on an experimental cavity cover of the centrifugal machine, and two ends of the copper pipe, the insulating pressing sleeve and the metal sleeve are respectively fixed and sealed through an inner insulating sleeve and a sealing piece; one end of the copper pipe passes through the inner insulating sleeve and then is coaxially butted with the circulating water outlet pipe, and a positive electrode is arranged at the end part of one end of the copper pipe, which passes through the inner insulating sleeve; the external positive electrode plate is electrically connected with the copper pipe through the electrode insulation pressing sleeve, so that the positive electrode is directly connected with the external positive electrode plate after passing through the copper pipe; the other end of the copper pipe is in butt joint with the external water outlet pipe, so that the circulating water outlet pipe directly circulates through the copper pipe and the external water outlet pipe; an annular pipeline gap is formed between the insulating pressing sleeve and the metal sleeve and is used as a water inlet channel, one end of the water inlet channel is communicated and connected with a circulating water inlet pipe through a metal pipeline, and a negative electrode is arranged near the end part of the circulating water inlet pipe; the external negative electrode plate is electrically connected with the metal sleeve through the compression round nut, so that the negative electrode is electrically connected with the external negative electrode plate after sequentially passing through the metal pipeline and the metal sleeve; the metal sleeve is provided with a through groove on the pipe wall at one end of the connecting sealing piece, and the through groove is in flow connection with the external water inlet pipe, so that the flow water inlet pipe sequentially passes through the metal pipe, the water inlet channel and the through groove and then flows with the external water inlet pipe.
The pipeline assembly comprises a heating water inlet pipe, a water inlet pipe sealing sleeve, a heating water outlet pipe and a water outlet pipe sealing sleeve; one ends of the heating water inlet pipe and the heating water outlet pipe are respectively connected with the circulating water inlet pipe and the circulating water outlet pipe through the water inlet pipe sealing sleeve and the water outlet pipe sealing sleeve, and the other ends of the heating water inlet pipe and the heating water outlet pipe are respectively communicated with the inner cavity environments where the upper induction coil and the lower induction coil in the induction heating system are located.
The external water outlet pipe and the external water inlet pipe are respectively connected to the water inlet and the water outlet of the circulating water machine.
The positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively and electrically connected to the upper induction coil and the lower induction coil, and the external positive electrode plate and the external negative electrode plate are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of an external power supply.
The temperature control system comprises a thermocouple, a thermocouple extension line, a high-speed slip ring, a data acquisition module, a data conversion transmission module and a high-frequency alternating current power cabinet; the upper induction coil and the lower induction coil of the induction heating system are respectively and fixedly provided with a thermocouple on the surface of a test sample corresponding to the upper induction coil and the lower induction coil, the thermocouples are connected with a data acquisition module through thermocouple extension lines and high-speed sliding rings, and the data acquisition module is in communication connection with a high-frequency alternating current power cabinet through a data conversion transmission module and is electrically connected with an external positive electrode plate and an external negative electrode plate of a circulating water cooling system.
Because heating system passes through induction heating outside the test piece for test piece surface temperature can be higher than inside temperature, produces the yield effect, and test piece inside temperature is low, and outside temperature is high, and the temperature of test piece everywhere is inhomogeneous like this, leads to test piece test and experimental validity greatly reduced, and test error increases.
In order to avoid the problems, the temperature calibrating device and the temperature calibrating process are designed, so that the temperature of the test sample in the formal test can be uniformly distributed when the test sample is heated through the temperature calibrating device and the temperature calibrating process, the temperature of each part reaches the preset temperature, and the error is not more than five ℃.
The temperature calibration method can ensure that the temperature of the test piece is uniform and gradient-free along the direction vertical to the centrifugal force, and the temperature of the test piece can be uneven and gradient along the direction of the centrifugal force.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The temperature calibration test method provided by the invention can be used for directly calibrating the temperature of the sample at a high rotating speed, so that the temperature of a test part is more accurate;
(2) The temperature of any position of the sample can be checked according to the requirement by changing the shape of the check sample and installing the interval and depth of the temperature-checking thermocouple.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sample chuck 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of test specimen 1.1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the induction heating system 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the circulating water cooling system 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the temperature control system 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test sample 1.1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test sample 1.1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test sample 1.1;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the sample chuck 1, the induction heating system 2 on a centrifuge;
FIG. 10 is a process roadmap for a heating implementation one;
FIG. 11 is a process roadmap for heating implementation two;
FIG. 12 is a process roadmap for a heating implementation III;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the temperature calibration sample 5;
fig. 14 is a layout of the test specimen 1.1, the temperature calibration specimen 5, the specimen chuck 1 and the induction heating system 2 after being mounted together.
In the figure:
sample chuck 1: test sample 1.1, clamping groove 1.2 and flange 1.3;
1.1.1 parts of mass blocks, 1.1.2 parts of standard moment, 1.1.3 parts of bearing, and 1.1.4 parts of assembling tenons;
induction heating system 2: an upper induction coil 2.1, an upper induction coil insulating layer 2.2, an upper fixing plate 2.3, an upper fixing screw rod 2.4, a lower induction coil 2.5, a lower induction coil insulating layer 2.6, a lower fixing plate 2.7, a lower fixing screw rod 2.8, a connecting rod 2.9, a screw cap 2.10, a heating water inlet pipe 2.11, a water inlet pipe sealing sleeve 2.12, a heating water outlet pipe 2.13 and a water outlet pipe sealing sleeve 2.14;
Circulating water cooling system 3: a circulation water inlet pipe 3.1, a connecting nut 3.2, a circulation water outlet pipe 3.3, a connecting nut 3.4, a positive electrode 3.5, an inner insulating sleeve 3.6, a negative electrode 3.8, a copper pipe 3.9, an insulating pressing sleeve 3.10, a fixing flange 3.11, a fixing screw 3.12, a shaft sealing ring 3.13, an insulating pressing sleeve 3.14, a pressing round nut 3.15, a pressing nut 3.16, an insulating piece 3.17, a sealing piece 3.18, an electrode insulating pressing sleeve 3.19, a sealing nut 3.20, an external water outlet pipe 3.21, an external positive electrode plate 3.22, an external water inlet pipe 3.23 and an external negative electrode plate 3.24;
temperature control system 4: thermocouple 4.1, thermocouple extension line 4.2, high-speed slip ring 4.3, data acquisition module 4.4, control software 4.5, data conversion transmission module 4.6, high-frequency alternating current power supply cabinet 4.7;
temperature calibration sample 5: thermocouple hole 5-1, thermocouple hole 5-2, thermocouple hole 5-3, thermocouple hole 5-4, thermocouple hole 5-5, thermocouple hole 5-6, thermocouple hole 5-7.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 9, a temperature calibration testing device is designed in the implementation, and the device comprises a sample chuck 1, an induction heating system 2, a circulating water cooling system 3 and a temperature control system 4; the sample chuck 1 is coaxially arranged on the main shaft of the centrifugal machine and synchronously rotates along with the main shaft of the centrifugal machine, the sample chuck 1 is provided with the test sample 1.1 and the temperature correction sample 5, the induction heating system 2 is coaxially arranged on the centrifugal machine and is not fixedly maintained along with the rotation of the main shaft of the centrifugal machine, the induction heating system 2 is connected with the circulating water cooling system 3, and the temperature control system 4 is respectively connected with the circulating water cooling system 3 and the test sample 1.1.
The centrifugal machine is a hypergravity centrifugal machine.
As shown in fig. 1, the sample chuck 1 is used for installing a test sample and is connected with a centrifuge through a main shaft, and comprises a disc body, clamping grooves 1.2 and flanges 1.3, wherein the flanges 1.3 are coaxially and fixedly arranged at two ends of the center of the disc body, the disc body is coaxially and fixedly connected with the main shaft of the centrifuge through the flanges 1.3, a plurality of clamping grooves 1.2 are formed in the periphery of the disc body along the circumferential direction, the clamping grooves 1.2 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, and each clamping groove 1.2 is used for installing one test sample 1.1.
The flange 1.3 is used for connecting the sample chuck 1 with a centrifuge spindle, and the sample chuck 1 is driven to rotate by the high-speed rotation of the centrifuge spindle during experiments, so that centrifugal load is applied to the test sample 1.1.
The clamping groove 1.2 is mainly used for fixing the test sample 1.1 rotating at a high speed, and the assembling tenon 1.1.4 of the test sample 1.1 is arranged in the clamping groove 1.2, so that the sample chuck 1 drives the test sample 1.1 to rotate together when rotating.
3. The method for calibrating the temperature of the in-situ heating of the centrifugal machine under the action of high rotating speed and high temperature according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
as shown in fig. 2, the test sample 1.1 is formed by processing a metal material with test performance, is in a strip shape, and comprises a mass block 1.1.1, a standard moment section 1.1.2, a bearing section 1.1.3 and an assembling tenon 1.1.4 which are sequentially connected, wherein the mass block 1.1.1, the standard moment section 1.1.2, the bearing section 1.1.3 and the assembling tenon 1.1.4 are sequentially arranged along the strip shape of the test sample 1.1, and the specific mass block 1.1.1, the standard moment section 1.1.2, the bearing section 1.1.3 and the assembling tenon 1.1.4 are sequentially arranged radially outwards from a clamping groove 1.2 of the sample chuck 1, and the assembling tenon 1.1.4 is embedded in the clamping groove 1.2 of the sample chuck 1.
The width of the tenon 1.1.4 and the groove width of the clamping groove 1.2 of the sample chuck 1 are larger than the widths of the mass block 1.1.1, the standard moment section 1.1.2 and the bearing section 1.1.3 in specific implementation, so that the test sample 1.1 can be stably embedded and positioned when driven to rotate at a high speed by the sample chuck 1.
The mass 1.1.1 is used to apply a centrifugal stress to the target segment 1.1.3 at high rotational speeds by the centrifugal force generated by its own weight. When the mass of the mass block 1.1.1 is m, the effective radius is r, the rotating speed is omega, and the centrifugal force F=mromega generated by the mass block 1.1.1 is fast 2 . The weight m of the mass 1.1.1 depends on the breaking strength of the material under the experimental conditions.
The gauge length section 1.1.2 is connected with the mass 1.1.1 and is used for bearing centrifugal stress and thermal stress load applied by the mass 1.1.1 under high-speed rotation and high temperature. The shape of the gauge length sections 1.1.2 may be varied according to actual needs.
The load-bearing section 1.1.3 is used to connect the gauge length section 1.1.2 and the mounting tongue 1.1.4.
The test specimen 1.1 can be designed according to the experimental requirements, and the structure is shown in fig. 2, 6-8.
As shown in fig. 13, the temperature calibration sample 5 and the test sample 1.1 have the same structure, shape and size, except that a plurality of thermocouple holes with different depths are formed in the temperature calibration sample 5, each thermocouple hole is formed and arranged along the radial direction of the disk body of the sample chuck 1, and each thermocouple Kong Junan is provided with one thermocouple.
In specific implementation, the temperature calibration sample 5 is provided with thermocouple holes 5-1, thermocouple holes 5-2, thermocouple holes 5-3, thermocouple holes 5-4, thermocouple holes 5-5, thermocouple holes 5-6 and thermocouple holes 5-7 with different depths along the radial outer end face of the disk body of the sample chuck 1, each thermocouple hole is provided with a thermocouple, and the thermocouples are arranged at the bottom of the thermocouple holes.
In order to check the temperature of the A, B, C, D, E, F, G section of the temperature-checking sample 5, a thermocouple hole 5-1, a thermocouple hole 5-2, a thermocouple hole 5-3, a thermocouple hole 5-4, a thermocouple hole 5-5, a thermocouple hole 5-6 and a thermocouple hole 5-7 are respectively corresponding to A, B, C, D, E, F, G sections on the temperature-checking sample 5. During checking, thermocouples are respectively inserted into the thermocouple holes 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 5-5, 5-6 and 5-7, and then connected with the temperature control system 4. In the specific experiment, the number and the depth of the thermocouple holes can be adjusted.
One or both of a thermocouple and a strain gauge are arranged in the center of the gauge length 1.1.2 of the test specimen 1.1 and the temperature correction specimen 5.
As shown in fig. 3, the induction heating system 2 is operative to heat a high-speed rotating sample in situ, applying a temperature load to a designated area of the test sample 1.1. Comprises an upper induction coil 2.1, an upper fixing plate 2.3, a lower induction coil 2.5 and a lower fixing plate 2.7; the upper and lower fixing plates 2.3, 2.7 are fixedly arranged in parallel at a vertical interval, respectively, and in a specific implementation, the spindle of the centrifuge is rotatably arranged through the upper fixing plate 2.3. A sample chuck 1 is arranged in the space between the upper fixing plate 2.3 and the lower fixing plate 2.7; the upper fixing plate 2.3 and the lower fixing plate 2.7 are supported and fixed through a connecting rod 2.9, and a nut 2.10 is arranged at the outer end of the connecting rod 2.9 for installation. The annular upper induction coil 2.1 and the annular lower induction coil 2.5 are fixed on the bottom surface of the upper fixing plate 2.3, the lower fixing plate 2.7 and the top surface through the upper induction coil insulating layer 2.2 and the lower induction coil insulating layer 2.6 respectively.
The upper fixing plate 2.3 and the lower fixing plate 2.7 are annular plates, and the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 are integral annular coils.
Specifically, the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 are respectively wrapped in the inner cavities of the upper induction coil insulating layer 2.2 and the lower induction coil insulating layer 2.6, the inner cavities of the upper induction coil insulating layer 2.2 and the lower induction coil insulating layer 2.6 are communicated through pipelines, and the upper induction coil insulating layer 2.2 and the lower induction coil insulating layer 2.6 are respectively fixed on the bottom surface of the upper fixing plate 2.3 and the bottom surface and the top surface of the lower fixing plate 2.7 through the upper fixing screw 2.4 and the lower fixing screw 2.8.
Wherein, the upper induction coil 2.1 is wrapped in the upper induction coil insulating layer 2.2 to prevent conduction and is used for insulation; then an upper induction coil 2.1 with an insulating layer is fixed on an upper fixing plate 2.3 through an upper fixing screw rod 2.4 to form an upper induction coil; the lower induction coil 2.5 is wrapped in the insulating layer 2.6 of the lower induction coil, and the lower induction coil 2.5 with the insulating layer is fixed on the lower fixing plate 2.7 through the lower fixing screw rod 2.8 to form the lower induction coil; subsequently, the upper fixing plate 2.3 and the lower fixing plate 2.7 are assembled together by the connecting rod 2.9 and the nut 2.10.
Under the condition of alternating current, the metal material placed between the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 generates induction current I or eddy current under the action of alternating magnetic field, the eddy current generates heat through a conductor with resistance, and the metal material is heated in a heat conduction mode, wherein the joule heat Q=I generated by the induction current I 2 RtR is the resistance of the metal material, t is the time, and in the induction heating process, the heating temperature is controlled by adjusting the alternating current frequency f, the distance between the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 of the sample distance and the heating power.
As shown in fig. 4, the circulating water cooling system 3 serves to cool copper tubes in the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 of the induction heating system 2. The induction heating system comprises a pipeline component, a circulating water inlet pipe 3.1, a circulating water outlet pipe 3.3, a positive electrode 3.5, an inner insulating sleeve 3.6, a metal sleeve 3.7, a negative electrode 3.8, a copper pipe 3.9, an insulating pressing sleeve 3.10, a fixing flange 3.11, an insulating pressing sleeve 3.14, a compression round nut 3.15, a sealing piece 3.18, an electrode insulating pressing sleeve 3.19, an external water outlet pipe 3.21, an external positive electrode plate 3.22, an external water inlet pipe 3.23 and an external negative electrode plate 3.24 which are arranged in the induction heating system 2;
an insulation pressing sleeve 3.10 and a metal sleeve 3.7 are sequentially and coaxially sleeved outside the outer diameter of the copper pipe 3.9, an insulation pressing sleeve 3.10 used for being insulated with the metal sleeve 3.7 is fixedly and coaxially sleeved outside the copper pipe 3.9, and the metal sleeve 3.7 is coaxially sleeved outside the insulation pressing sleeve 3.10, so that insulation is kept between the copper pipe 3.9 and the metal sleeve 3.7; the middle part of the metal sleeve 3.7 is sealed and sleeved in a central hole of the fixed flange 3.11 through an insulation pressing sleeve 3.14 and a sealing ring 3.13 for a shaft, the fixed flange 3.11 is fixed on an experimental cavity cover of the centrifugal machine through a fixed screw 3.12, and two ends of the copper pipe 3.9, the insulation pressing sleeve 3.10 and the metal sleeve 3.7 are respectively fixed and sealed and installed through an inner insulation sleeve 3.6 and a sealing piece 3.18, and are insulated and water leakage is prevented through the inner insulation sleeve 3.6 and the sealing piece 3.18;
One end of the copper pipe 3.9 passes through the inner insulating sleeve 3.6 and then is coaxially butted with the circulating water outlet pipe 3.3, and a positive electrode 3.5 is arranged at the end part of the copper pipe 3.9 after passing through the inner insulating sleeve 3.6; the external positive electrode plate 3.22 is electrically connected with the copper pipe 3.9 through a plurality of electrode insulation press sleeves 3.19, specifically, at least two electrode insulation press sleeves 3.19 are sleeved on the external thread of the copper pipe 3.9 through threads, wherein the external positive electrode plate 3.22 is installed between two adjacent electrode insulation press sleeves 3.19 in a pressed mode, and the external positive electrode plate 3.22 passes through a gap between two adjacent electrode insulation press sleeves 3.19 and is electrically connected with the external positive electrode plate 3.22. So that the positive electrode 3.5 is directly connected with the external positive electrode plate 3.22 through the copper pipe 3.9;
the other end of the copper pipe 3.9 is in butt joint with the external water outlet pipe 3.21 through the sealing nut 3.20, so that the circulating water outlet pipe 3.3 directly circulates through the copper pipe 3.9 and the external water outlet pipe 3.21;
an annular pipeline gap is formed between the insulating pressure sleeve 3.10 and the metal sleeve 3.7 and is used as a water inlet channel, one end of the water inlet channel close to the inner insulating sleeve 3.6 is communicated and connected with the circulating water inlet pipe 3.1 through a metal pipeline, and the circulating water inlet pipe 3.1 is provided with a negative electrode 3.8 near the end part; the external negative electrode plate 3.24 is electrically connected with the metal sleeve 3.7 through a plurality of compression round nuts 3.15, specifically, at least two compression round nuts 3.15 are sleeved on the external thread of the metal sleeve 3.7 through threads, wherein the external negative electrode plate 3.24 is installed between two adjacent compression round nuts 3.15 in a compressed mode, and the external negative electrode plate 3.24 passes through a gap between two adjacent compression round nuts 3.15 and is electrically connected with the external negative electrode plate 3.24. So that the negative electrode 3.8 is electrically connected with the external negative electrode plate 3.24 after passing through the metal pipeline and the metal sleeve 3.7 in sequence;
The metal sleeve 3.7 is provided with a through groove on the pipe wall of one end, which is connected with the sealing element 3.18 and is provided with an external positive electrode plate 3.22 and an external negative electrode plate 3.24, the through groove is in flow connection with an external water inlet pipe 3.23, specifically, the insulating element 3.17 is sleeved on the metal sleeve 3.7 around the through groove through a jacking nut 3.16, and the external water inlet pipe 3.23 passes through a through hole on the insulating element 3.17 and is communicated with the through groove; so that the circulating water inlet pipe 3.1 circulates with the external water inlet pipe 3.23 after passing through the metal pipeline, the water inlet channel and the through groove in sequence;
wherein more specifically, copper pipe 3.9 is a hollow long copper pipe, and the periphery is installed insulating pressure cover 3.10 and is used for insulating, installs the sealing washer and can be used for preventing experimental cavity gas leakage.
The circulating water inlet pipe 3.1 is connected with the heating water inlet pipe 2.11 of the induction heating system 2 through a connecting nut 3.2; the circulating water outlet pipe 3.3 is connected with the heating water outlet pipe 2.13 of the induction heating system 2 through a connecting nut 3.4; the positive electrode 3.5 is arranged on the periphery of the circulating water outlet pipe 3.3, so that cooling water can be ensured to be cooled to the positive electrode 3.5; the negative electrode 3.8 is mounted on the periphery of the flow-through inlet pipe 3.1, ensuring that cooling water can be cooled to the negative electrode 3.8.
The metal sleeve 3.7 is externally arranged on a cavity cover of the experimental cavity through a flange 3.11 and is provided with 6 fixing screws 3.12, then the shaft is provided with a sealing ring 3.13 to prevent air leakage, and an insulating pressing sleeve 3.14 is used for insulating to prevent electric leakage; an external negative electrode plate 3.24 is fixedly arranged on the insulating pressing sleeve 3.14 through three pressing round nuts 3.15; the external water inlet pipe 3.23 is communicated with the through groove of the copper pipe 3.9 through the jacking nut 3.16 and the insulating piece 3.17, and the external water inlet pipe 3.23 is convenient to replace or maintain through the jacking nut 3.16, so that the insulating piece 3.17 prevents electric leakage of the motor; an external positive electrode plate 3.22 is fixed on the sealing element 3.18 through an electrode insulation pressing sleeve 3.19; and the external water outlet pipe 3.21 is communicated with a copper pipe of the circulating water outlet pipe 3.3 through a sealing nut 3.20 on the electrode insulation pressing sleeve 3.19.
The pipeline component comprises a heating water inlet pipe 2.11, a water inlet pipe sealing sleeve 2.12, a heating water outlet pipe 2.13 and a water outlet pipe sealing sleeve 2.14; one end of the heating water inlet pipe 2.11 and one end of the heating water outlet pipe 2.13 are respectively connected with the circulating water inlet pipe 3.1 and the circulating water outlet pipe 3.3 through the water inlet pipe sealing sleeve 2.12 and the water outlet pipe sealing sleeve 2.14, and the other ends of the heating water inlet pipe 2.11 and the heating water outlet pipe 2.13 are respectively communicated with the inner cavity environments where the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 in the induction heating system 2 are located, and the inner cavity environments where the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 are located are mutually communicated.
Specifically, the other end of the heating water inlet pipe 2.11 is connected with the circulating water inlet pipe 3.1 through a water inlet pipe sealing sleeve 2.12 and a connecting nut 3.2 respectively, and the other end of the heating water outlet pipe 2.13 is connected with the circulating water outlet pipe 3.3 through a water outlet pipe sealing sleeve 2.14 and a connecting nut 3.4 respectively.
The external water outlet pipe 3.21 and the external water inlet pipe 3.23 are respectively connected to the water inlet and the water outlet of the circulating water machine. In the concrete implementation, the external water outlet pipe 3.21 is connected with the water inlet pipe of the circulating water machine, and the external water inlet pipe 3.23 is connected with the water outlet pipe of the circulating water machine to form a closed circulating water cooling system for cooling the induction heating system 2.
The positive electrode 3.5 and the negative electrode 3.8 are electrically connected to the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5, respectively, and the external positive electrode plate 3.22 and the external negative electrode plate 3.24 are connected to the positive and negative poles of an external power source, respectively. In specific implementation, the external positive electrode plate 3.22 is connected with the positive electrode of the high-frequency alternating-current power supply cabinet 4.7 serving as an alternating-current power supply, and the external negative electrode plate 3.24 is connected with the negative electrode of the high-frequency alternating-current power supply cabinet 4.7 serving as the alternating-current power supply to form a closed-loop circuit for supplying power to the induction heating system 2.
The inner cavity where the upper induction coil 2.1 is positioned is connected with a heating water inlet pipe 2.11, and the heating water inlet pipe 2.11 is connected with a circulating water inlet pipe 3.1 of the circulating water cooling system 3 through a water inlet pipe sealing sleeve 2.12; the inner cavity where the lower induction coil 2.5 is positioned is connected with a heating water outlet pipe 2.13, the heating water outlet pipe 2.13 is connected with a circulating water outlet pipe 3.3 of the circulating water cooling system 3 through a water outlet pipe sealing sleeve 2.14, and cooling water provided by the cooling system 3 cools down a copper pipe.
As shown in fig. 5, the temperature control system 4 is used to ensure that the test specimen 1.1 is heated to a predetermined temperature and maintained at that temperature until the end of the experiment by controlling the inductive power supply heating power. The high-speed electric power device comprises a thermocouple 4.1, a thermocouple extension line 4.2, a high-speed slip ring 4.3, a data acquisition module 4.4, a data conversion transmission module 4.6 and a high-frequency alternating current power cabinet 4.7; thermocouple 4.1 is fixedly arranged on the surface of test sample 1.1 corresponding to upper induction coil 2.1 and lower induction coil 2.5 of induction heating system 2, thermocouple 4.1 is connected with data acquisition module 4.4 through thermocouple extension line 4.2, high-speed slide ring 4.3, thermocouple extension line 4.2 is electrically connected with high-speed slide ring 4.3 after penetrating through the disk body of sample chuck 1 and the main shaft of the centrifuge, high-speed slide ring 4.3 is arranged on the main shaft of the centrifuge, data acquisition module 4.4 is in communication connection with high-frequency AC power supply cabinet 4.7 through data conversion transmission module 4.6, high-frequency AC power supply cabinet 4.7 is electrically connected with circulating water machine, external positive electrode plate 3.22 and external negative electrode plate 3.24 of circulating water cooling system 3.
In the concrete implementation, control software 4.5 is also arranged, and the control software 4.5 is respectively connected with the data acquisition module 4.4 and the data conversion transmission module 4.6.
During experiments, the thermocouple 4.1 is welded at the central part of the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 corresponding to the test sample 1.1, then the thermocouple 4.1 is connected with the high-speed slide ring 4.3 through the thermocouple extension line 4.2 and the hollow main shaft of the centrifugal machine, then is connected with the data acquisition module 4.4, the control software 4.5 and the data conversion transmission module 4.6 through wires, and finally, the control signal wire is connected with the high-frequency alternating current power supply cabinet 4.7 to form a temperature regulation and control system.
The invention also designs different samples to better test the mechanical properties of the test piece metal material.
The structure of the first test specimen 1.1, see fig. 2, is a fluted specimen and its related similar structure;
the structure of the second test specimen 1.1, see fig. 6, is a flat panel specimen and its related similar structure;
the third test specimen 1.1, see FIG. 7, is a round bar specimen and related similar structures;
the fourth test specimen 1.1 is shown in FIG. 8 for structure, structural gradient specimen and related similar structures.
The temperature calibrating device can also provide a plurality of in-situ heating modes for high-rotation-speed environments, and provides new experimental conditions for carrying out material performance tests under different temperatures and different rotation speeds. Among them, the heating mode of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following cases:
Heating mode one: the standard moment section 1.1.2 of the test specimen 1.1 is subjected to a uniform temperature heating mode at a high rotation speed, as shown in FIG. 10.
The experimental materials are the same in type, the distance h between the standard moment section 1.1.2 and the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 in the experimental process is kept the same, the heating power and the heating frequency are kept unchanged in the time t, and a constant and uniform temperature field is applied to the standard moment section 1.1.2.
Heating mode two: the periodically varying alternating temperature heating pattern is performed at high rotational speeds for the standard moment section 1.1.2 of the test specimen 1.1, fig. 11.
The experimental materials are the same in type, the distance h between the standard moment section 1.1.2 and the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 in the experimental process is kept the same, the heating frequency is unchanged, but the heating power is periodically changed in the time T, T1 is applied to the standard moment section 1.1.2 in the time T1, and an alternating temperature field of T2 is applied in the time T2.
Heating mode three: fig. 12 shows a constant temperature gradient heating pattern of the standard moment section 1.1.2 of the test specimen 1.1 at a high rotational speed.
The experimental materials are the same in type, the standard moment section 1.1.2 of the test sample 1.1 is processed into an arc with the radius R, the distance h between the lowest end of the arc of the standard moment section 1.1.2 and the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 in the experimental process is kept the same, and the heating power and the heating frequency are kept unchanged in the time t. Because the distances from the arc-shaped moment section 1.1.2 to the induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 are continuously changed, the sample heating temperature is inversely proportional to the distance from the sample heating temperature to the induction coil under the same power and frequency conditions according to the induction heating principle, and therefore a constant temperature gradient is implemented for the moment section 1.1.2 of the test sample 1.1.
The specific implementation process of the invention is as follows:
and determining the experimental temperature and the rotating speed of the centrifugal machine according to experimental conditions.
The following takes fig. 10 as an example to illustrate the high throughput test of mechanical properties of materials under the action of high rotation speed and high temperature:
the first step: determining the spindle rotating speed and the wheel disc radius of the centrifugal machine according to experimental conditions;
and a second step of: determining the size and weight of the mass 1.1.1 in the test sample 1.1 and the size and geometric center of the gauge length section 1.1.2;
and a third step of: determining a test temperature and centrifugal stress applied by the geometric center of the gauge length section 1.1.2, further determining the rotating speed corresponding to the centrifugal stress of the geometric center of the gauge length section 1.1.2 through finite element calculation, and determining the distance between the geometric center of the gauge length section 1.1.2 and the center of a main shaft of the centrifugal machine;
fourth step: according to the distance of the third step, installing a temperature correction sample 5 in one clamping groove 1.2 of the sample chuck 1 and installing a test sample 1.1 in the rest clamping grooves 1.2, and installing the temperature correction sample 5 beside the test sample 1.1; thermocouples are inserted into the thermocouple holes of the temperature correction sample 5, and the respective temperature control thermocouple 4.1 is fixed at the geometric center positions of the gauge length sections 1.1.2 of the test sample 1.1 and the temperature correction sample 5, and the temperature control thermocouple 4.1 is connected with the temperature control system 4 through a temperature extension lead 4.2;
The temperature distribution obtained in the calibration sample 5 and the test sample 1.1 are considered to be the same as the temperature distribution of the test sample 1.1 under the same environment.
Fifth step: under the condition that the centrifuge is not started, the sample chuck 1 and the test sample 1.1 and the temperature correction sample 5 on the sample chuck are kept still, the environment inside the centrifuge is vacuumized, then the induction heating system 2, the circulating water cooling system 3 and the temperature control system 4 are started, the temperature control system 4 controls the induction heating system 2 and the circulating water cooling system 3 to work so as to apply temperature loads to the test sample 1.1 and the temperature correction sample 5, and after the temperature reaches a preset temperature, the temperature is kept for 30 minutes;
analyzing and processing temperature data of temperature change along with time obtained by measuring thermocouples in the thermocouple holes of the test sample 1.1 and the temperature correction sample 5 and the thermocouples in the thermocouple holes of the temperature correction sample 5 to obtain parameters of energizing current, current alternating frequency and power of the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 and the distance between the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 during formal test measurement;
sixth step: the temperature correction sample 5 is removed from the clamping grooves 1.2 of the sample chuck 1, the test sample 1.1 is replaced, the test sample 1.1 is installed in each clamping groove 1.2 of the sample chuck 1, the centrifugal machine is started again, the main shaft of the centrifugal machine rotates, the rotating speed reaches the rotating speed corresponding to centrifugal stress, formal test is carried out, the interval between the upper induction coil 2.1 and the lower induction coil 2.5 and the electrified current, the current alternating frequency and the power are controlled according to the parameters obtained in the fifth step, and the parameters are kept unchanged until the test sample 1.1 is broken and broken.
In the process from the beginning of rotation of the main shaft of the centrifugal machine to the time when the test sample 1.1 is broken by breaking, the temperature change and stress change data are collected in real time through the temperature control thermocouple 4.1 and the strain gauge, and the test piece measures the test data.
The temperature of each point is detected by the temperature calibrating device, and the conditions applied by the subsequent test are set by the parameter adjustment through the temperature calibrating process, so that the smaller the temperature gradient of the test piece in the test is.
Claims (10)
1. A temperature calibration test method for in-situ heating of a centrifugal machine under the action of high rotation speed and high temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the first step: determining the spindle rotating speed and the wheel disc radius of the centrifugal machine according to experimental conditions;
and a second step of: determining the size and weight of the mass (1.1.1) in the test specimen (1.1), the size and geometric center of the gauge length section (1.1.2);
and a third step of: determining a test temperature and centrifugal stress applied by the geometric center of the gauge length section (1.1.2), further determining a rotating speed corresponding to the centrifugal stress of the geometric center of the gauge length section (1.1.2), and determining a distance between the geometric center of the gauge length section (1.1.2) and the center of a main shaft of the centrifugal machine;
fourth step: a temperature correction sample (5) is arranged in one clamping groove (1.2) of the sample chuck (1), a test sample (1.1) is arranged in the rest clamping grooves (1.2), and the temperature correction sample (5) is arranged beside the test sample (1.1); thermocouples are inserted into the thermocouple holes of the temperature correction sample (5), and a temperature control thermocouple (4.1) is fixed at the geometric center positions of the gauge length sections (1.1.2) of the test sample (1.1) and the temperature correction sample (5);
Fifth step: under the condition that the centrifugal machine is not started, the sample chuck (1) and the test sample (1.1) and the temperature correction sample (5) on the sample chuck are kept static, the environment is vacuumized, then the induction heating system (2), the circulating water cooling system (3) and the temperature control system (4) are started, the temperature control system (4) is used for controlling the induction heating system (2) and the circulating water cooling system (3) to work, temperature loads are applied to the test sample (1.1) and the temperature correction sample (5), and after the temperature reaches a preset temperature, the temperature is kept for a period of time;
analyzing temperature data obtained by thermocouple measurement in each thermocouple hole of the test sample (1.1) and the temperature correction sample (5) to obtain parameters of energizing current and current alternating frequency of the upper induction coil (2.1) and the lower induction coil (2.5) and the distance between the upper induction coil (2.1) and the lower induction coil (2.5) when in formal test measurement;
sixth step: withdrawing the temperature correction sample (5) from the clamping groove (1.2) of the sample chuck (1), replacing the test sample (1.1), starting the centrifugal machine, enabling the spindle of the centrifugal machine to rotate and enabling the rotating speed to reach the rotating speed corresponding to the centrifugal stress, performing formal test, controlling the interval between the upper induction coil (2.1) and the lower induction coil (2.5) and the alternating frequency of the electrified current and the current according to the parameters obtained in the fifth step, and keeping the parameters unchanged until the test sample (1.1) is broken by being pulled.
2. The method for calibrating the in-situ heating of the centrifugal machine under the action of high rotating speed and high temperature according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method adopts a temperature calibration testing device, and the device comprises a sample chuck (1), an induction heating system (2), a circulating water cooling system (3) and a temperature control system (4); the sample chuck (1) is coaxially arranged on a main shaft of the centrifugal machine and synchronously rotates along with the main shaft of the centrifugal machine, the sample chuck (1) is provided with a test sample (1.1) and a temperature correction sample (5), the induction heating system (2) is coaxially arranged on the centrifugal machine and does not rotate along with the main shaft of the centrifugal machine, the induction heating system (2) is connected with the circulating water cooling system (3), and the temperature control system (4) is respectively connected with the circulating water cooling system (3) and the test sample (1.1).
3. The method for calibrating the in-situ heating of the centrifugal machine under the action of high rotating speed and high temperature according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sample chuck (1) comprises a disc body, clamping grooves (1.2) and flanges (1.3), the flanges (1.3) are coaxially arranged at two ends of the center of the disc body, the disc body is fixedly connected with a main shaft of a centrifugal machine through the flanges (1.3), a plurality of clamping grooves (1.2) are formed in the periphery of the disc body along the circumferential direction, the clamping grooves (1.2) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, and each clamping groove (1.2) is used for installing one test sample (1.1).
4. The method for calibrating the in-situ heating of the centrifugal machine under the action of high rotating speed and high temperature according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the test sample (1.1) is in a strip shape, and comprises a mass block (1.1.1), a standard moment section (1.1.2), a bearing section (1.1.3) and an assembling tenon (1.1.4) which are sequentially connected, wherein the mass block (1.1.1), the standard moment section (1.1.2), the bearing section (1.1.3) and the assembling tenon (1.1.4) are sequentially arranged along the strip shape of the test sample (1.1), and the assembling tenon (1.1.4) is embedded in a clamping groove (1.2) of the sample chuck (1).
5. A method for calibrating in-situ heating of a centrifuge under high rotational speed-high temperature action according to claim 3, wherein: the temperature correction sample (5) and the test sample (1.1) have the same structure, shape and size, except that a plurality of thermocouple holes with different depths are formed in the temperature correction sample (5), each thermocouple hole is formed and arranged along the radial direction of the disk body of the sample chuck (1), and each thermocouple Kong Junan is provided with one thermocouple.
6. The method for calibrating the in-situ heating of the centrifugal machine under the action of high rotating speed and high temperature according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the induction heating system (2) comprises an upper induction coil (2.1), an upper fixing plate (2.3), a lower induction coil (2.5) and a lower fixing plate (2.7); the upper fixing plate (2.3) and the lower fixing plate (2.7) are respectively and fixedly arranged in parallel at an upper-lower interval, and the sample chuck (1) is arranged in the interval between the upper fixing plate (2.3) and the lower fixing plate (2.7); the annular upper induction coil (2.1) and the annular lower induction coil (2.5) are respectively fixed on the bottom surface of the upper fixing plate (2.3) and the bottom surface of the lower fixing plate (2.7) and the top surface through the upper induction coil insulating layer (2.2) and the lower induction coil insulating layer (2.6).
7. The method for calibrating the in-situ heating of the centrifugal machine under the action of high rotating speed and high temperature according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the upper induction coil (2.1) and the lower induction coil (2.5) are respectively wrapped in the inner cavities of the upper induction coil insulating layer (2.2) and the lower induction coil insulating layer (2.6), the inner cavities of the upper induction coil insulating layer (2.2) and the lower induction coil insulating layer (2.6) are communicated through a pipeline, and the upper induction coil insulating layer (2.2) and the lower induction coil insulating layer (2.6) are respectively fixed on the bottom surface of the upper fixing plate (2.3) and the bottom surface of the lower fixing plate (2.7) and the top surface through an upper fixing screw (2.4) and a lower fixing screw (2.8).
8. The method for calibrating the in-situ heating of the centrifugal machine under the action of high rotating speed and high temperature according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the circulating water cooling system (3) comprises a pipeline assembly arranged in the induction heating system (2), a circulating water inlet pipe (3.1), a circulating water outlet pipe (3.3), a positive electrode (3.5), an inner insulating sleeve (3.6), a metal sleeve (3.7), a negative electrode (3.8), a copper pipe (3.9), an insulating pressing sleeve (3.10), a fixing flange (3.11), an insulating pressing sleeve (3.14), a pressing round nut (3.15), a sealing element (3.18), an electrode insulating pressing sleeve (3.19), an external water outlet pipe (3.21), an external positive electrode plate (3.22), an external water inlet pipe (3.23) and an external negative electrode plate (3.24); an insulating pressing sleeve (3.10) used for insulating the copper pipe (3.9) from the metal sleeve (3.7) is sleeved outside the copper pipe (3.9), and the metal sleeve (3.7) is sleeved outside the insulating pressing sleeve (3.10); the middle part of the metal sleeve (3.7) is sealed and sleeved in a central hole of the fixed flange (3.11) through the insulating pressing sleeve (3.14) and the sealing ring (3.13) for the shaft, the fixed flange (3.11) is fixed on an experimental cavity cover of the centrifugal machine, and two ends of the copper pipe (3.9), the insulating pressing sleeve (3.10) and the metal sleeve (3.7) are respectively fixed and sealed and installed through the inner insulating sleeve (3.6) and the sealing piece (3.18); one end of the copper pipe (3.9) passes through the inner insulating sleeve (3.6) and then is coaxially butted with the circulating water outlet pipe (3.3), and a positive electrode (3.5) is arranged at the end part of one end of the copper pipe (3.9) which passes through the inner insulating sleeve (3.6); the external positive electrode plate (3.22) is electrically connected with the copper pipe (3.9) through the electrode insulation pressing sleeve (3.19), so that the positive electrode (3.5) is electrically connected with the external positive electrode plate (3.22) after directly passing through the copper pipe (3.9); the other end of the copper pipe (3.9) is in butt joint with the external water outlet pipe (3.21), so that the circulating water outlet pipe (3.3) directly circulates through the copper pipe (3.9) and the external water outlet pipe (3.21); an annular pipeline gap is formed between the insulating pressure sleeve (3.10) and the metal sleeve (3.7) and is used as a water inlet channel, one end of the water inlet channel is communicated and connected with a circulating water inlet pipe (3.1) through a metal pipeline, and a negative electrode (3.8) is arranged near the end part of the circulating water inlet pipe (3.1); the external negative electrode plate (3.24) is electrically connected with the metal sleeve (3.7) through the compression round nut (3.15), so that the negative electrode (3.8) is electrically connected with the external negative electrode plate (3.24) after passing through the metal pipeline and the metal sleeve (3.7) in sequence; the metal sleeve (3.7) is provided with a through groove on the pipe wall at one end of the connecting sealing piece (3.18), and the through groove is in flow connection with the external water inlet pipe (3.23), so that the flow water inlet pipe (3.1) sequentially passes through the metal pipeline, the water inlet channel and the through groove and then flows with the external water inlet pipe (3.23);
The pipeline assembly comprises a heating water inlet pipe (2.11), a water inlet pipe sealing sleeve (2.12), a heating water outlet pipe (2.13) and a water outlet pipe sealing sleeve (2.14); one end of a heating water inlet pipe (2.11) and one end of a heating water outlet pipe (2.13) are respectively connected with a circulating water inlet pipe (3.1) and a circulating water outlet pipe (3.3) through a water inlet pipe sealing sleeve (2.12), a water outlet pipe sealing sleeve (2.14), and the other ends of the heating water inlet pipe (2.11) and the heating water outlet pipe (2.13) are respectively communicated with an inner cavity environment where an upper induction coil (2.1) and a lower induction coil (2.5) in an induction heating system (2) are located, and the inner cavity environments where the upper induction coil (2.1) and the lower induction coil (2.5) are located are mutually communicated.
9. The method for calibrating the in-situ heating of the centrifugal machine under the action of high rotating speed and high temperature according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the positive electrode (3.5) and the negative electrode (3.8) are respectively and electrically connected to the upper induction coil (2.1) and the lower induction coil (2.5), and the external positive electrode plate (3.22) and the external negative electrode plate (3.24) are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of an external power supply.
10. The method for calibrating the in-situ heating of the centrifugal machine under the action of high rotating speed and high temperature according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature control system (4) comprises a thermocouple (4.1), a thermocouple extension line (4.2), a high-speed sliding ring (4.3), a data acquisition module (4.4), a data conversion transmission module (4.6) and a high-frequency alternating current power supply cabinet (4.7); the induction heating system is characterized in that thermocouples (4.1) are fixedly arranged on the surface of a test sample (1.1) positively corresponding to an upper induction coil (2.1) and a lower induction coil (2.5) of the induction heating system (2), the thermocouples (4.1) are connected with a data acquisition module (4.4) through thermocouple extension lines (4.2), high-speed sliding rings (4.3) and data acquisition modules (4.4), the data acquisition module (4.4) is in communication connection with a high-frequency alternating current power cabinet (4.7) through a data conversion transmission module (4.6), and the high-frequency alternating current power cabinet (4.7) is electrically connected with an external positive electrode plate (3.22) and an external negative electrode plate (3.24) of the circulating water cooling system (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310064607 | 2023-02-06 | ||
| CN2023100646075 | 2023-02-06 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116637733A true CN116637733A (en) | 2023-08-25 |
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| CN202310549822.4A Pending CN116637733A (en) | 2023-02-06 | 2023-05-16 | Temperature calibration test method for in-situ heating of centrifugal machine under high rotation speed and high temperature |
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| CN (1) | CN116637733A (en) |
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