CN116626523A - Test method for improving battery circulation - Google Patents
Test method for improving battery circulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN116626523A CN116626523A CN202310420364.4A CN202310420364A CN116626523A CN 116626523 A CN116626523 A CN 116626523A CN 202310420364 A CN202310420364 A CN 202310420364A CN 116626523 A CN116626523 A CN 116626523A
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- Prior art keywords
- battery
- charging
- voltage
- discharge
- charge
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a test method for improving battery circulation. The battery charging and discharging method solves the problem that the battery charging and discharging mode in the prior art may damage the battery anode material and influence the cycle performance of the battery core. S1, circulating a battery to a set number of turns in a specific cycle test process; s2, charging the battery to rated charging voltage by a charging step in a specific cycle test step and charging the battery to cut-off charging voltage by the same charging step; s3, circulating the battery to a set number of turns in a specific circulation test step; s4, discharging the battery to rated discharge voltage by using a discharge step in a specific cycle test step and discharging the battery to cut-off discharge voltage by using the same discharge step; s5, repeating the steps S1-S4. The invention has the advantages that: the charge and discharge of the battery are optimized, and the cycle performance of the battery cell is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery detection, in particular to a test method for improving battery circulation.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of long service life, environmental friendliness, high energy density, high power density, high conversion rate and the like, is widely applied to portable electronic equipment such as mobile phones, charging devices, notebook computers and the like, and is widely applied to large and medium-sized electric equipment such as electric automobiles, electric bicycles, electric tools and the like. In order to reduce the total life cycle cost of the lithium ion battery, the cycle life of the lithium ion battery becomes an important index of the quality of the lithium ion battery. In the battery circulation process, active lithium continuously consumes battery raw materials, the manufacturing process and the fluctuation of the test temperature can influence the consumption of the active lithium of the battery, as the active lithium consumes the battery raw materials, CEI films can be formed on the surface of the positive electrode of the battery, SEI films can be formed on the surface of the negative electrode of the battery, the existence of the films can increase the polarization of lithium ions entering the positive and negative electrode materials, and the polarization can reduce the lithium intercalation/deintercalation amount within a certain time, so that the capacity/energy retention rate of the battery is reduced, and finally the cycle life of the battery is influenced. Current approaches to improving cycle life have focused mainly on optimizing the positive and negative electrode hosts and electrolytes to reduce active lithium consumption.
The Chinese patent literature discloses a lithium ion battery charging method and device [ CN112838623A ], which comprises the steps of firstly charging a lithium ion battery with rated charging voltage of the lithium ion battery until charging current of the lithium ion battery reaches cut-off charging current; then charging the lithium ion battery with the cut-off charging current until the charging voltage of the lithium ion battery reaches the cut-off charging voltage; the cut-off charging voltage is larger than the rated charging voltage of the lithium ion battery; the lithium ion battery can be charged, the step of constant voltage charging by cut-off charging voltage is reduced, so that the quick charging performance of the lithium ion battery is realized, meanwhile, the high voltage in-place time of the lithium ion battery is also saved, the side reaction between the anode of the lithium ion battery and an electrolyte interface can be effectively slowed down, the aging of the battery is slowed down, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
The above solution solves the problem of easy aging of the battery in the prior art to a certain extent, but the solution still has a number of disadvantages, such as: the cut-off voltage is higher than the rated charging voltage, and although no lithium dendrite is precipitated on the surface of the negative electrode, the charging method has high requirements on the N/P design of the battery, and the battery anode material is damaged after being charged in the mode for a long time, so that the cycle performance of the battery core is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the above problems and provide a test method for improving battery cycle.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a test method for improving battery cycling, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, circulating the battery to a set number of turns in a specific circulation test step;
s2, charging the battery to rated charging voltage by a charging step in a specific cycle test step and charging the battery to cut-off charging voltage by the same charging step;
s3, circulating the battery to a set number of turns in a specific circulation test step;
s4, discharging the battery to rated discharge voltage by using a discharge step in a specific cycle test step and discharging the battery to cut-off discharge voltage by using the same discharge step;
s5, repeating the steps S1-S4.
According to the test method, in the process of circularly charging and discharging the battery, only a few circulating charging and discharging methods are changed, the battery polarization level is reduced, and therefore the battery cycle service life is prolonged.
In step S1, the characteristic cell cycle test process includes two kinds of steps:
a. constant-current constant-voltage charging, standing, constant-current discharging and standing;
b. constant power charging, standing, constant power discharging and standing.
In step S1 and step S3, the charge/discharge voltage range at the time of battery cycle is the rated charge/discharge interval.
In step S1, the set number of turns is in the range of 50-1000 cycles.
The proper number of turns is set to avoid the problems of insufficient polarization accumulation and excessive lithium loss caused by side reactions.
In step S3, the off-charge voltage is greater than the rated charge voltage.
The test method for improving battery cycle described above cuts off the charging voltage U Filling material U greater than rated charge voltage 0 charge Wherein U is Filling material ＝U 0 charge +U X 。
The test method for improving battery cycle, U Filling material The voltage range of (2) is 3.7-4.2V.
In step S4, the off-discharge voltage is smaller than the rated discharge voltage.
The test method for improving battery cycle, the cut-off discharge voltage U Put and put U greater than rated discharge voltage Put 0 Wherein U is Put and put ＝U Put 0 +U y 。
The test method for improving battery cycle, U Put and put The voltage range of (2.4-2.0V).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the polarization in the battery circulation process is reduced, invalid lithium in the anode and cathode materials is released, the effective lithium in the circulation process is increased, the design of the battery and the anode and cathode materials of the battery cannot be damaged, and the battery core circulation performance is improved.
2. Under the condition of not changing the existing battery charge-discharge circulation mode, the circulation flow is locally modified after a certain number of cycles, the battery polarization level is reduced, thereby prolonging the battery circulation service life,
3. the method is suitable for various charge and discharge steps, and can be constant-current charge and discharge, constant-current constant-voltage charge and discharge, stepped charge and discharge, constant-power charge and discharge and the like, and the charge and discharge modes are flexible and various.
4. The method is suitable for various battery cell types such as lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries and the like, and has wider adaptation degree
5. The battery cell is suitable for various types of battery cells such as soft package aluminum shells and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cycle chart of the present invention for the examples and comparative examples.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
A test method for improving battery cycling, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, circulating the battery to a set number of turns in a specific circulation test step;
s2, charging the battery to rated charging voltage by a charging step in a specific cycle test step and charging the battery to cut-off charging voltage by the same charging step;
s3, repeating the steps S1-S2.
In this embodiment, only the inactive lithium in the positive electrode material is activated, thereby achieving the purpose of extending the service life of the battery.
Example two
S1, circulating the battery to a set number of turns in a specific circulation test step;
s2, discharging the battery to rated discharge voltage by using a discharge step in a specific cycle test step and discharging the battery to cut-off discharge voltage by using the same discharge step;
s3, repeating the steps S1-S2.
In this embodiment, only the ineffective lithium in the negative electrode material is activated, thereby achieving the purpose of prolonging the service life of the battery.
Example III
S1, circulating the battery to a set number of turns in a specific circulation test step;
s2, charging the battery to rated charging voltage by a charging step in a specific cycle test step and charging the battery to cut-off charging voltage by the same charging step;
s3, circulating the battery to a set number of turns in a specific circulation test step;
s4, discharging the battery to rated discharge voltage by using a discharge step in a specific cycle test step and discharging the battery to cut-off discharge voltage by using the same discharge step;
s5, repeating the steps S1-S4.
In this embodiment, by activating invalid lithium in the anode and cathode materials of the battery, the cycle performance of the battery is greatly improved.
In detail, the characteristic cell cycle test process includes the following two steps:
a. constant-current constant-voltage charging, standing, constant-current discharging and standing;
b. constant power charging, standing, constant power discharging and standing.
Other charge and discharge steps can be used, wherein the constant current charge and discharge test can determine parameters such as charge and discharge curve, specific capacity, multiplying power characteristics, cycle performance and the like of the electrode material, constant current charge is usually adopted, constant voltage charge is carried out after the constant current charge is carried out, the constant current discharge is carried out after the constant current charge is kept for a period of time, the charge current is set according to the capacity and discharge multiplying power of the battery during the charge, and the constant current charge is carried out to the set voltage, and then the constant voltage charge is automatically jumped into by a test system. And after constant voltage charging for a certain time, standing, then discharging to a set safe voltage by constant current, wherein the constant current discharging is similar to the constant current charging in setting, and the constant current discharging is in a relatively constant temperature environment during testing, and the constant current charging is circularly carried out for multiple times so as to ensure the accuracy of data.
The energy formula of constant power charging is as follows: p.t=1/2 c.v 2 In the constant power charging process, the power P is kept unchanged, t is changed along with the charging, the change of the control voltage V meets the energy formula, and the constant power charging can be realized. The voltage is controlled by feedforward control and PID control, and voltage V is regulated by regulating the duty ratio by using a buck circuit.
In detail, the charge-discharge voltage range at the time of battery cycle is within the rated charge-discharge interval.
In step S1, the set number of turns is in the range of 50-1000 cycles.
The cycle times of battery charging and discharging are too small, the polarization accumulation amount is insufficient, the time consumed by charging and discharging is invalid charging and discharging time, the cycle number is too large, lithium loss caused by side reaction is too large, the polarization elimination effect is weakened, and the effect of improving the cycle is not great; the number of turns of the test is usually 0-2000 cycles, and the method is 50-1000 cycles, so that insufficient polarization accumulation can be avoided, and excessive lithium loss can be avoided.
In step S3, the off-charge voltage is greater than the rated charge voltage.
Wherein the charging voltage U is cut off Filling material U greater than rated charge voltage 0 charge Wherein U is Filling material ＝U 0 charge +U X 。
In detail, U Filling material The voltage range of (2) is 3.7-4.2V.
In this way, even in the case of a small polarization, damage to the battery and the battery raw material can be controlled to a minimum level.
Further, the off-discharge voltage is smaller than the rated discharge voltage.
Preferably, the discharge voltage U is cut off Put and put U greater than rated discharge voltage Put 0 Wherein U is Put and put ＝U Put 0 +U y 。
Specifically, U Put and put The voltage range of (2.4-2.0V).
Embodiment four:
the cyclic test flow of the method is shown in the following table, wherein the positive electrode material is lithium iron phosphate, and the negative electrode material is graphite;
before the test flow is carried out in the embodiment, the battery is kept stand in the circulation incubator for 4 hours, so that the temperature difference between the battery core temperature and the temperature in the circulation incubator is not more than 2 ℃, and the test accuracy is improved.
Test procedure of example four:
the first test procedure: discharging to 2.5V, standing for 10min, discharging to 2.0V, and standing for 10min;
the second step of test flow: charging to 3.65V, standing for 10min, discharging to 2.5V, standing for 10min, and circulating the second test flow for 50 cycles;
third step test flow: charging to 3.65V, standing for 10min, charging to 4.2V, standing for 10min, discharging to 3.65V, standing for 10min, discharging to 2.5V, standing for 10min, charging to 3.65V, standing for 10min, discharging to 2.5V, standing for 10min, and cycling the third test procedure for 50 cycles;
fourth step test flow: discharging to 2.0V, standing for 10min, charging to 2.5V, standing for 10min, charging to 3.65V, standing for 10min, discharging to 2.5V, standing for 10min, discharging to 2.0V, and standing for 10min;
the second test procedure was cycled through the fourth test procedure for 100 cycles until the battery decayed to 70%.
Comparative example:
the positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery is lithium iron phosphate, the negative electrode material is graphite, and the cycle comprises the following steps:
the batteries were also left in the circulation oven for 4 hours before the start of the circulation test procedure in the comparative example, ensuring that the temperature difference between the cell temperature and the temperature in the circulation oven was not more than 2c, ensuring the same test environment.
Test procedure of comparative example:
firstly discharging to 2.5V, standing for 10min, charging to 3.65V, standing for 10min, discharging to 2.5V, and standing for 10min;
the above test procedure was cycled through 5000 cycles until the cell decayed to 70%
As shown in fig. 1, the cycling of the lithium ion battery was successfully improved by reducing polarization during cycling according to a cycling profile; it is worth noting that the data of this example and comparative example are derived from a 60 ℃ cycle, and the polarization of the cell is smaller at high temperature in the method, and the cycle improvement is larger if the experiment is performed at normal temperature.
In summary, the principle of this embodiment is as follows: the method changes the charge and discharge method of a part of the cycles in the process of circularly charging and discharging the battery, reduces the polarization level of the battery, releases invalid lithium in the anode and cathode materials, and increases the effective lithium in the cycle process, thereby improving the cycle of the battery, optimizing the battery with large polarization under the condition of not changing the existing cycle flow, releasing invalid lithium ions in the anode and cathode materials, and having no damage to the design of the battery and the anode and cathode materials of the battery.
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (10)
1. A test method for improving battery cycling, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, circulating the battery to a set number of turns in a specific circulation test step;
s2, charging the battery to rated charging voltage by a charging step in a specific cycle test step and charging the battery to cut-off charging voltage by the same charging step;
s3, circulating the battery to a set number of turns in a specific circulation test step;
s4, discharging the battery to rated discharge voltage by using a discharge step in a specific cycle test step and discharging the battery to cut-off discharge voltage by using the same discharge step;
s5, repeating the steps S1-S4.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the characteristic cell cycle test step includes two steps of:
a. constant-current constant-voltage charging, standing, constant-current discharging and standing;
b. constant power charging, standing, constant power discharging and standing.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S1 and step S3, the charge-discharge voltage range during the battery cycle is a rated charge-discharge interval.
4. A test method for improving battery cycle as defined in claim 3, wherein in step S1, the set number of turns is in the range of 50-1000 cycles.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the off-charge voltage is greater than the rated charge voltage.
6. The method for testing battery cycle improvement according to claim 5, wherein said off-charge voltage U Filling material U greater than rated charge voltage 0 charge Wherein U is Filling material ＝U 0 charge +U X 。
7. The method for testing for improved battery cycle as defined in claim 6, wherein said U Filling material The voltage range of (2) is 3.7-4.2V.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the cut-off discharge voltage is smaller than the rated discharge voltage.
9. The test method for improving battery circulation according to claim 8,characterized in that the cut-off discharge voltage U Put and put U greater than rated discharge voltage Put 0 Wherein U is Put and put ＝U Put 0 +U y 。
10. The method for testing for improved battery cycle as defined in claim 9, wherein said U Put and put The voltage range of (2.4-2.0V).
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| CN202310420364.4A CN116626523A (en) | 2023-04-19 | 2023-04-19 | Test method for improving battery circulation |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117706385A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-03-15 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Circulation test method and battery test system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117706385A (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-03-15 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Circulation test method and battery test system |
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