CN109786875B - Formation method for prolonging storage time of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Formation method for prolonging storage time of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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CN109786875B
CN109786875B CN201910062860.0A CN201910062860A CN109786875B CN 109786875 B CN109786875 B CN 109786875B CN 201910062860 A CN201910062860 A CN 201910062860A CN 109786875 B CN109786875 B CN 109786875B
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lithium ion
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曹怡珺
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Hangzhou Dolay Electronic Technology Co ltd
State Grid Zhejiang Integrated Energy Service Co ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention provides a formation method for improving the standing time of a lithium ion battery, wherein a positive active material in the lithium ion battery is mainly composed of lithium iron phosphate, an electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises an additive composed of fluoroethylene carbonate FEC and NaF, the FEC accounts for 0.5-1.5% of the electrolyte and the NaF accounts for 0.001-0.02% of the electrolyte according to the proportion of the total mass of the electrolyte, and the formation method forms a stable SEI film by controlling current, voltage and formation time, so that the performance deterioration of the battery caused by over-discharge due to self-discharge of the battery in the storage process is avoided.

Description

Formation method for prolonging storage time of lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible package lithium ion batteries, in particular to a formation method for prolonging the placement time of a lithium ion battery.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are becoming increasingly popular in a relatively high proportion as a means for reducing weight and increasing energy. The new policy of the new energy automobile releases signals for promoting the performance of the battery and increasing the energy density. Along with the continuous promotion of subsidy threshold, lithium ion battery can the more battery enterprises of helping improve energy density and product competitiveness. Lithium iron phosphate has the characteristics of safety, long cycle life, low toxicity and low price, and is one of the research targets of power lithium ion batteries, but batteries made of the material have obvious overdischarge conditions caused by self-discharge after long-term storage, and lithium is dissolved out of the surface of a positive electrode caused by overdischarge to cause battery degradation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a formation method for improving the standing time of a lithium ion battery, wherein a positive active material in the lithium ion battery is mainly composed of lithium iron phosphate, an electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises an additive composed of fluoroethylene carbonate FEC and NaF, the FEC accounts for 0.5-1.5% of the electrolyte and the NaF accounts for 0.001-0.02% of the electrolyte according to the proportion of the total mass of the electrolyte, and the formation method forms a stable SEI film by controlling current, voltage and formation time, so that the performance deterioration of the battery caused by over-discharge due to self-discharge of the battery in the storage process is avoided.
The specific scheme is as follows:
a formation method for improving the standing time of a lithium ion battery is characterized in that a positive active material in the lithium ion battery is mainly composed of lithium iron phosphate, an electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises an additive composed of fluoroethylene carbonate FEC and NaF, wherein the FEC accounts for 0.5-1.5% of the electrolyte and the NaF accounts for 0.001-0.02% of the electrolyte according to the proportion of the total mass of the electrolyte, and the formation method comprises the following steps:
1) standing the lithium ion battery after liquid injection for more than 6 hours;
2) charging the battery to a first voltage with a constant current, wherein the current is 0.02-0.04C;
3) standing for 1-6 h;
4) charging with a first voltage constant voltage until the charging current is reduced to below 0.01C;
5) discharging at constant current to a second voltage, wherein the current is 0.1-0.2C;
6) carrying out small current charge-discharge circulation for a plurality of times near a second voltage, wherein the small current is 0.005-0.01C;
7) charging the battery to the first voltage by constant current charging at a current of 0.02-0.04C;
8) carrying out small current charge-discharge circulation for a plurality of times near the first voltage, wherein the small current is 0.005-0.01C;
9) charging with a constant current of 0.02-0.04C to a charge cut-off voltage, and then charging at a constant voltage under the voltage until the charge current is reduced to below 0.01C;
10) and carrying out constant-current charge-discharge circulation for a plurality of times between the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage, and sealing.
Further, the first voltage is 3.9-4.0V, and the second voltage is 3.1-3.2V.
Further, the charging cut-off voltage is 4.2-4.3V, and the discharging cut-off voltage is 2.7-2.8V.
In step 6, the voltage near the second voltage is within plus-minus 0.02V of the second voltage.
Further, in the step 8, the voltage is within plus or minus 0.02V of the first voltage in the vicinity of the first voltage.
Further, the steps 6 and 8 are cycled for more than 5 times.
Furthermore, according to the proportion of the total mass of the electrolyte, FEC accounts for 1-1.2% of the electrolyte, and NaF accounts for 0.01-0.012%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the inventor finds that the self-discharge phenomenon of the battery in the storage process can be effectively reduced and the storage life of the battery can be prolonged by adding the additive formed by combining the fluoroethylene carbonate FEC into the battery electrolyte of which the positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate.
2) The inventors have found that, in a battery using an FEC additive, the battery resistance can be reduced by adding a small amount of NaF, presumably because the major component in the SEI film is LiF due to the FEC additive, NaF is partially co-deposited in the SEI during chemical conversion, and the Na ion radius is higher than the F ion, and therefore, a lithium ion path can be formed in the SEI film, and the conductivity of lithium ions can be improved.
3) The formation process adopts a small-current charge-discharge cycle before, which is beneficial to gas discharge and forms a stable SEI film, and for the lithium iron phosphate material, a very small current is adopted to perform the charge-discharge cycle near a specific voltage point, so that a more compact SEI film can be generated on the surfaces of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the self-discharge efficiency of the battery is reduced.
4. The compact SEI film generally causes the increase of the internal resistance of the battery, and due to the synergistic effect of the additive combination added in the invention and FEC and NaF, the SEI film can keep certain ionic conductivity while being more compact, thereby avoiding the increase of the internal resistance and keeping the multiplying power performance.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The lithium ion battery used in the invention, (5% carbon-coated) lithium iron phosphate (anode)/artificial graphite (cathode); the electrolyte includes: 1.0M lithium hexafluorophosphate as an electrolyte salt, a mixed solution of dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and ethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 1:1:2 as a nonaqueous organic solvent, and an additive consisting of fluoroethylene carbonate FEC and NaF.
Example 1
According to the proportion of the total mass of the electrolyte, FEC accounts for 0.5 percent of the electrolyte, NaF accounts for 0.005 percent, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) standing the lithium ion battery after liquid injection for 6 hours;
2) charging to 3.9V at constant current, wherein the current is 0.02C;
3) standing for 1 h;
4) charging at a constant voltage of 3.9V until the charging current is reduced to below 0.01C;
5) discharging to 3.1V at constant current, wherein the current is 0.1C;
6) carrying out small current charge-discharge circulation for 5 times at 3.08-3.12V, wherein the small current is 0.005C;
7) charging the battery to 3.9V by constant current charging with the current of 0.02C;
8) carrying out small current charge-discharge circulation for 5 times at 3.88-3.92V, wherein the small current is 0.005C;
9) charging to 4.2V with a constant current of 0.02C, and then charging at a constant voltage under the voltage until the charging current is reduced to below 0.01C;
10) and performing 0.2C constant current charge-discharge circulation between 4.2V and 2.7V for 3 times, and sealing.
Example 2
According to the proportion of the total mass of the electrolyte, FEC accounts for 1.5 percent of the electrolyte, NaF accounts for 0.02 percent, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) standing the lithium ion battery after liquid injection for 6 hours;
2) charging to 4.0V by constant current, wherein the current is 0.04C;
3) standing for 6 hours;
4) charging at a constant voltage of 4.0V until the charging current is reduced to below 0.01C;
5) discharging to 3.2V at constant current, wherein the current is 0.2C;
6) carrying out small current charge-discharge circulation for 5 times at 3.18-3.22V, wherein the small current is 0.01C;
7) charging the battery to 4.0V by constant current charging at the current of 0.02-0.04C;
8) carrying out small current charging and discharging circulation for 5 times at 3.98-4.02V, wherein the small current is 0.01C;
9) charging to 4.3V with a constant current of 0.04C, and then charging at a constant voltage under the voltage until the charging current is reduced to below 0.01C;
10) and performing 0.2C constant current charge-discharge circulation between 4.3V and 2.8V for 3 times, and sealing.
Example 3
According to the proportion of the total mass of the electrolyte, FEC accounts for 1 percent of the electrolyte, NaF accounts for 0.01 percent, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) standing the lithium ion battery after liquid injection for 8 hours;
2) charging to 3.9V at constant current, wherein the current is 0.02C;
3) standing for 6 hours;
4) charging at a constant voltage of 3.9V until the charging current is reduced to below 0.01C;
5) discharging to 3.1V at constant current, wherein the current is 0.1C;
6) carrying out small current charge-discharge circulation for 10 times at 3.08-3.12V, wherein the small current is 0.005C;
7) charging the battery to 3.9V by constant current charging with the current of 0.02C;
8) carrying out small current charge-discharge circulation for 10 times at 3.88-3.92V, wherein the small current is 0.005C;
9) charging to 4.2V with a constant current of 0.02C, and then charging at a constant voltage under the voltage until the charging current is reduced to below 0.01C;
10) and performing 0.2C constant current charge-discharge cycle between 4.2V and 2.7V for 5 times, and sealing.
Example 4
According to the proportion of the total mass of the electrolyte, FEC accounts for 1-1.2% of the electrolyte, NaF accounts for 0.01-0.012%, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) standing the lithium ion battery after liquid injection for 8 hours;
2) charging to 4.0V by constant current, wherein the current is 0.04C;
3) standing for 6 hours;
4) charging at a constant voltage of 4.0V until the charging current is reduced to below 0.01C;
5) discharging to 3.2V at constant current, wherein the current is 0.2C;
6) carrying out small current charge-discharge circulation for 10 times at 3.18-3.22V, wherein the small current is 0.01C;
7) charging the battery to 4.0V by constant current charging at the current of 0.02-0.04C;
8) carrying out small current charge-discharge circulation for 10 times at 3.98-4.02V, wherein the small current is 0.01C;
9) charging to 4.3V with a constant current of 0.04C, and then charging at a constant voltage under the voltage until the charging current is reduced to below 0.01C;
10) and performing 0.2C constant current charge-discharge circulation between 4.3V and 2.8V for 5 times, and sealing.
Comparative example
The same lithium ion battery as in examples 1-4 was charged with the same electrolyte of lithium salt and organic solvent, except that the additive in the comparative example was 1% fluoroethylene carbonate FEC.
The cells of the comparative examples were cycled between 2.7-4.2V 3 times at 0.1C, 3 times at 0.2C, and 3 times at 0.5C.
Experiment and data
The batteries of examples 1 to 4 and comparative example were left to stand for 90 days after being fully charged, and then the remaining capacity SOC and the internal resistance of the battery were measured. As can be seen from table 1, the batteries of examples and comparative examples, which were stored for 90 days, underwent different degrees of self-discharge, but the storage life of the battery in the example of the present invention was significantly longer than that of the battery in the comparative example, self-discharge was significantly suppressed, and the internal resistance of the battery was significantly lower than that of the battery in the comparative example.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001954725500000071
Figure BDA0001954725500000081
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A formation method for improving the standing time of a lithium ion battery is characterized in that a positive active material in the lithium ion battery is mainly composed of lithium iron phosphate, an electrolyte of the lithium ion battery comprises an additive composed of fluoroethylene carbonate FEC and NaF, wherein the FEC accounts for 0.5-1.5% of the electrolyte and the NaF accounts for 0.001-0.02% of the electrolyte according to the proportion of the total mass of the electrolyte, and the formation method comprises the following steps:
1) standing the lithium ion battery after liquid injection for more than 6 hours;
2) charging the battery to a first voltage with a constant current, wherein the current is 0.02-0.04C;
3) standing for 1-6 h;
4) charging with a first voltage constant voltage until the charging current is reduced to below 0.01C;
5) discharging at constant current to a second voltage, wherein the current is 0.1-0.2C;
6) carrying out small current charge-discharge circulation for a plurality of times near a second voltage, wherein the small current is 0.005-0.01C, and the second voltage is plus or minus 0.02V near the second voltage;
7) charging the battery to the first voltage by constant current charging at a current of 0.02-0.04C;
8) carrying out small current charge-discharge circulation for a plurality of times near the first voltage, wherein the small current is 0.005-0.01C, and the voltage near the first voltage is within plus or minus 0.02V of the first voltage;
9) charging with a constant current of 0.02-0.04C to a charge cut-off voltage, and then charging at a constant voltage under the voltage until the charge current is reduced to below 0.01C;
10) and carrying out constant-current charge-discharge circulation for a plurality of times between the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage, and sealing.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first voltage is 3.9-4.0V and the second voltage is 3.1-3.2V.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the charge cutoff voltage is 4.2-4.3V and the discharge cutoff voltage is 2.7-2.8V.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein steps 6 and 8 are cycled more than 5 times.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the FEC is 1-1.2% and the NaF is 0.01-0.012% of the total electrolyte mass.
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CN110416626B (en) * 2019-08-05 2020-12-22 广州明美新能源股份有限公司 Formation method of lithium ion battery
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