CN116616964A - 球囊式人工股骨双动头 - Google Patents
球囊式人工股骨双动头 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及髋关节置换技术领域,具体为球囊式人工股骨双动头,包括球头和双动球杯,球头与股骨柄固定连接,球头转动包被在双动球杯内,双动球杯包括内层的硬质层和外层的柔性层,柔性层固定在硬质层表面,双动球杯上设置有用于防止球头脱落的防脱件。本发明能够解决现有的人工半髋关节双动股骨头与髋臼骨软骨弹性模量差别大,应力点集中,不利于软骨营养,髋臼骨软骨的磨损较大的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及髋关节置换技术领域,具体为球囊式人工股骨双动头。
背景技术
股骨头坏死又称股骨头缺血性坏死或股骨头无菌性坏死,指股骨头血供受损或中断,导致骨髓成分及骨细胞死亡及随后的组织修复,继而导致股骨头结构改变及塌陷,引起患者髋关节疼痛及功能障碍的疾病。
股骨头坏死常用的治疗方法包括非手术治疗和手术治疗,手术治疗主要有保髋手术和人工髋关节置换术,人工髋关节置换术包括股骨头置换、全髋关节置换、半髋关节置换等,全髋关节置换是指既要把股骨这一侧的股骨头切除,置换成人工股骨头,又要把髋关节髋臼做人工臼杯;而半髋关节置换主要把股骨的头颈部分置换成人工假体,保留患者原有的髋臼。
现有人工半髋关节由股骨柄、股骨头、双动球杯组成,双动球杯外层为金属或陶瓷等硬质材料,与髋臼骨软骨弹性模量差别大,应力点集中,不利于软骨营养,髋臼骨软骨的磨损较大。
发明内容
本发明意在提供球囊式人工股骨双动头,以解决现有的人工半髋关节双动股骨头与髋臼骨软骨弹性模量差别大,应力点集中,不利于软骨营养,髋臼骨软骨的磨损较大的问题。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
球囊式人工股骨双动头,包括球头和双动球杯,球头与股骨柄固定连接,球头转动包被在双动球杯内,双动球杯包括内层的硬质层和外层的柔性层,柔性层固定在硬质层表面,双动球杯上设置有用于防止球头脱落的防脱件。
本方案的原理和有益效果为:
球头固定在股骨柄上,双动球杯转动套接在球头上,即球头转动包被在双动球杯内,通过防脱件限位和防脱,再将双动球杯植入到髋臼窝内,通过双动球杯在髋臼窝内转动,加之球头在双动球杯内转动实现双动。双动球杯内层和外层采用不同的材质,内层采用硬质材质,例如聚乙烯等,以适配金属或陶瓷球头,保持双动球杯的结构强度,外层采用柔性材质,例如医用橡胶、医用硅胶等,与髋臼骨软骨弹性模量相当,利于软骨营养,对髋臼骨软骨的磨损小,故而使用寿命更长。
进一步,双动球杯内部中空形成填充腔,硬质层上设置有与填充腔连通的填充口,填充口处设置有密封件。
本方案中,可在填充腔内填充水、凝胶、气体等物质,通过控制填充物的量一方面可以调控双动球杯表层的硬度,另一方面还可以在一定范围内调控双动球杯的厚度,即调节双动球杯的尺寸,可适用不同尺寸的需求,适用范围广。
进一步,硬质层上开有避让槽,填充口和密封件设置在避让槽内。
采用本方案,将填充口设置在避让槽内,能够避免密封件突出于双动球杯内层表面与球头摩擦而引起防脱件松动、球头转动受阻等现象,保证了填充腔的密封效果。
进一步,避让槽设置在硬质层的外缘。
本方案中,人体日常行走和运动时,股骨转动的角度范围较小,故球头与双动球杯的摩擦范围主要集中在双动球杯的中部范围,本方案将避让槽设置在硬质层的外缘,能够减少球头与避让槽的接触,从而进一步避免密封件与球头摩擦。
进一步,防脱件为具有弹性的防脱环,防脱环固定在双动球杯的杯口壁上。
本方案中,球头插入双动球杯内时,挤压防脱环,球头可顺利插入双动球杯,从而与双动球杯连接,插入后防脱环恢复形变阻挡双动球杯的杯口,避免球头脱落。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一的结构示意图;
图2为图1中双动球杯的结构示意图;
图3为本发明实施例二中的双动球杯的结构示意图;
图4为本发明实施例三中的双动球杯的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式进一步详细说明:
说明书附图中的附图标记包括:双动球杯1、硬质层11、柔性层12、防脱环13、填充腔14、填充口15、避让槽16、球头2、股骨柄3。
实施例一:
如图1和图2所示,球囊式人工股骨双动头,包括球头2和双动球杯1。球头2与股骨柄3固定连接,球头2转动包被在双动球杯1内,球头2和股骨柄3具体采用现有技术中股骨柄3和球头2连接的锥度锁定技术实现固定连接,即股骨柄3端部设置锥度,球头2内部设置内锥,通过两者的锥度配合实现锁定。
双动球杯1包括内层的硬质层11和外层的柔性层12,柔性层12胶接固定在硬质层11表面,硬质层11采用聚乙烯等,柔性层12采用医用硅胶、医用橡胶和医用硅凝胶等质软耐磨材料。双动球杯1上设置有用于防止球头2脱落的防脱件,防脱件为具有弹性的防脱环13,防脱环13胶接固定在双动球杯1的杯口壁上,防脱环13采用弹性金属圈等材料。
具体实施过程如下:
将球头2固定到股骨柄3上,并将双动球杯1转动连接到球头2上,具体的,将球头2插入双动球杯1内,插入时柔性的防脱环13受到球头2的挤压而变形扩大,球头2能够顺利的插入到双动球杯1内,插入后,双动球杯1的杯口超过球头2的最大半径处,防脱环13不再受到球头2的挤压,从而在自身弹性作用下恢复形变,抱住球头2,由此使得球头2稳定连接在双动球杯1内,避免脱落,由此完成股骨柄3、球头2和双动球杯1的组合。
使用时,打开关节囊及周围组织,用摆锯或往复锯截除坏死的股骨头,并用髓腔挫逐渐扩大股骨近端髓腔至合适大小,将匹配股骨柄3插入并固定于髓腔内,将球头2置入与髋臼大小匹配的双动球杯1,连接至股骨柄3,复位髋关节将双动头假体复位到髋臼窝内,使其转动连接在髋臼窝内,由此完成植入。
双动球杯1的内层采用硬质层11,保证了双动球杯1的结构强度,其外层采用柔性层12,与髋臼及骨质弹性模量相当,微小弹性变形增加了头与髋臼的接触面积,减少应力集中,对髋臼和骨质的磨损小,使用寿命长。
实施例二:
如图3所示,本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于,双动球杯1内部中空形成填充腔14,硬质层11的边缘位置开有避让槽16,避让槽16内开有填充口15,填充口15与填充腔14连通,填充口15设有密封件(图中未示出),密封件可采用密封塞或者在填充后直接用骨水泥密封。
使用时通过填充口15向填充腔14内填充水或凝胶或气体,使得双动球杯1膨胀成所需厚度,在双动球杯1内设置填充腔14,可通过控制填充物的量来调控双动球杯1表层的硬度,还可以在一定范围内调控双动球杯1的厚度,即调节双动球杯1的尺寸,可适用不同尺寸的需求,适用范围广。
实施例三:
如图4所示,本实施例与实施例二的不同之处在于,填充腔14的数量为多个,本实施例中采用两个,其中一个填充腔14作为备用,当一个填充腔14填充满填充物后膨胀到最大限度时仍然无法得到所需的厚度时,可以在备用填充腔14内充入填充物,从而进一步增加双动球杯1的厚度,以满足所需厚度,而无需直接更换双动球杯1。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准,说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
Claims (5)
1.球囊式人工股骨双动头,包括球头和双动球杯,球头与股骨柄固定连接,球头转动包被在双动球杯内,其特征在于:双动球杯包括内层的硬质层和外层的柔性层,柔性层固定在硬质层表面,双动球杯上设置有用于防止球头脱落的防脱件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的球囊式人工股骨双动头,其特征在于:双动球杯内部中空形成填充腔,硬质层上设置有与填充腔连通的填充口,填充口处设置有密封件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的球囊式人工股骨双动头,其特征在于:硬质层上开有避让槽,填充口和密封件设置在避让槽内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的球囊式人工股骨双动头,其特征在于:避让槽设置在硬质层的外缘。
5.根据权利要求4所述的球囊式人工股骨双动头,其特征在于:防脱件为具有弹性的防脱环,防脱环固定在双动球杯的杯口壁上。
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