CN116613725A - Photovoltaic power station direct-current hydrogen production optimal configuration method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power station direct-current hydrogen production optimal configuration method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000013486 operation strategy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000556 factor analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic power station direct current hydrogen production optimal configuration method, which comprises the following steps: establishing a direct-current hydrogen production system of a photovoltaic power station, establishing an equipment model of photovoltaic and electrolytic hydrogen production equipment and lithium battery energy storage equipment, and realizing electric energy transmission by using a DC/DC converter; the objective function considering the fixed cost, the variable cost and the benefit and the system constraint condition considering the dynamic constraint under the static state and the time sequence are provided, and three operation strategies are provided: the economic optimal configuration of the system is realized under the conditions of maximizing hydrogen production utilization, minimizing adjustment times and dynamic tracking. Aiming at the micro-grid containing electrolytic hydrogen production, the invention configures the hydrogen production scene based on the photovoltaic power station, considers the dynamic performance of electrolytic hydrogen production to a certain extent, considers the configuration problems under several simplified models, explores the economic optimal configuration of electrolytic hydrogen production equipment configuration under different operation strategies, can realize the optimal system economy in different operation strategies, and has practical popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic electrolysis hydrogen production, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic power station direct current hydrogen production optimal configuration method.
Background
Because the energy storage price of the lithium battery is high, the related core technology of the lithium battery has not been broken through for a certain period of time. The clean micro-grid mainly using distributed energy sources has the problems of fluctuation and voltage support, or needs to be provided with a large amount of energy storage with high price, or needs to discard wind and light on a large scale, so that the energy efficiency and the economy are difficult to be compatible.
For this reason, a large number of scholars and research teams are studying their effective alternative technologies. In the alternative energy storage technology proposed at present, pumped storage is the most mature application. However, the pumping and storing station has high price, the demand capacity is not large, the economic advantage is not achieved, the dependency on the terrain is extremely strong, and the pumping and storing station is difficult to popularize in various demand scenes. And flywheel energy storage, heat storage, compressed air energy storage and other technologies, or have certain dependence on the environment to different degrees, or the energy efficiency is not ideal. Along with the proposal and the promotion of the 'double carbon' plan, the application of the electrolysis hydrogen production and the new energy in the micro-grid becomes a research hot spot due to the cleanliness of the hydrogen, and the dynamic measurement and calculation of the new energy wind-solar power generation hydrogen production cost of China calculates the new energy wind-solar power generation hydrogen production cost of China and the influencing factors thereof.
The technology of the alkaline electrolyte electrolytic hydrogen production process is mature, and meanwhile, the price is relatively low, particularly the price of a hydrogen storage tank serving as an energy storage element is relatively low, so that the method has relatively good scale economic benefit. In order to make the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment fully exert the advantages of the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment in the new energy micro-grid, the micro-grid containing hydrogen production needs to be optimally configured, the comprehensive cost is the minimum in the electric-hydrogen hybrid energy storage capacity optimizing configuration for stabilizing wind power fluctuation, a hydrogen production system for stabilizing wind power fluctuation is established, and the project economy of the photovoltaic hydrogen production project is analyzed in the project economy influence factor analysis of the photovoltaic hydrogen production project.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the dynamic performance of a direct current hydrogen production system of a photovoltaic power station is difficult to evaluate and the economy is low, the invention provides an optimal configuration method for direct current hydrogen production of the photovoltaic power station.
For this purpose, the above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a photovoltaic power station direct current hydrogen production optimal configuration method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the photovoltaic power station direct current hydrogen production optimal configuration method comprises the following steps: the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic is utilized to carry out electrolytic hydrogen production through a DC/DC converter, and meanwhile, the operation power of the electrolytic tank is regulated in real time by utilizing a storage battery; based on the hydrogen production scene configured by the photovoltaic power station, each equipment model is established, the constraint conditions of an economic objective function and static dynamic performance are provided, the dynamic performance of electrolytic hydrogen production is considered to a certain extent, and the configuration problems under several simplified models are considered:
the method is characterized by exploring how the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment is configured under different operation strategies to realize the optimal economical efficiency of the electrolytic tank, wherein the three operation strategies are specifically considered as follows:
1) Maximizing hydrogen production utilization
Considering that the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment always works at the highest point, and optimizing configuration is carried out with the aim of minimizing energy consumption, discarding wind and light and maximizing income;
2) Has certain adjusting capability and minimizes the adjusting times
Because the hydrogen production equipment needs to be reduced to the minimum adjustment times to optimize the operation life, the adjustment is only allowed twice a day, and meanwhile, the hydrogen production equipment is not allowed to stop, the benefits are taken as an optimization objective function, the inner layer adopts a dynamic programming algorithm to search the operation adjustment time point and the adjustment operation point, the outer layer searches the configuration capacity of the hydrogen production equipment, and the optimal economic solution is obtained;
3) Dynamic tracking
Taking the fact that the electrolytic tank generally works under the condition of controlling constant temperature and pressure, solving a current control response model which enables all parameters of the system not to be out of limit, carrying out numerical approximation according to the model, and then carrying out optimal configuration by taking energy efficiency optimization as constraint and economical efficiency optimization as an objective function;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a system equipment element model, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises an electrolytic hydrogen production equipment model, a storage tank model, a lithium battery energy storage model and a photovoltaic model;
s2, establishing an objective function and constraint conditions, wherein the constraint conditions comprise static constraint conditions and dynamic constraint conditions;
s3, calculating the optimal configuration results under three operation strategies, namely maximizing hydrogen production utilization, minimizing adjustment times and dynamically tracking.
The invention can also adopt or combine the following technical proposal when adopting the technical proposal:
as a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in step S1: firstly, selecting a bus as a direct current bus; secondly, an electrolytic hydrogen production equipment model is established, the hydrogen production equipment model needs to consider the operation mode of the hydrogen production equipment, when the hydrogen production utilization is maximized, the hydrogen production equipment model is an unadjustable load which does not change with time, when the adjustment times are minimized, the hydrogen production equipment model is a rectangular curve which is shaped as a pulse, and in a dynamic tracking mode, the residual power curve is tracked as much as possible according to the adjustment characteristics;
1) Electric power consumed by the electrolytic cell:
assuming that the cell size is Q, the cell operating power P Hydrogen The formula (1) is as follows: i N The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps that (1) the rated current of the electrolytic cell, R is the running power point of the electrolytic cell at each moment, R is the actual power of the electrolytic cell/the rated power of the electrolytic cell, V is the voltage of the electrolytic cell, and the rated current, the rated power point and the temperature of the electrolytic cell are related;
P Hydrogen ＝I N ·R·V(I N ·R,T) (1)
equation (2) gives the equation of the cell voltage V, current, temperature T, A ele For the area of the electrolytic cell polar plate, q 1 、q 2 、r 1 、r 2 、s 1 、s 2 、s 3 、t 1 、t 2 、t 3 Alpha is a parameter, and can be obtained by fitting measured data;
2) Cost of the electrolytic cell:
the cost of the electrolytic cell is shown in the formula (3), and the condition of adopting the waste wind and waste light electrolysis is considered, wherein: price elec Price of electricity is 0, price Hydrogen_SOC For each standard price of the hydrogen storage tank, Q is the size of the electrolytic tank, C F For the first 50Nm 3 The unit yield of the alkaline electrolyte electrolyzer in a scale of/h is fixed, r is the interest rate, 5% is taken, d is the number of days per year calculated by 365, and the service life of the electrolyzer n is calculated by 20 years;
wherein S is 1 And S is equal to 2 Respectively the electricity consumption and the water consumption;
electric consumption S 1 ：
Consideration of power consumption W of theoretical unit standard of electrolytic cell elec_theory Cell efficiency η, 0.6 and electricity price from meta/kWh to meta/Nm 3 Is converted into (1) to calculate the electric consumption S 1 ：
Thus, the price part variable cost is:
wherein: w (W) elec_theory To obtain 1Nm for decomposition 3 Theoretical electric energy and price required by hydrogen elec The electricity price is per kilowatt hour, and eta is the comprehensive efficiency of the electrolytic cell;
water consumption S 2 ：
Considering that 1 mole of water generates 1 mole of hydrogen, and 1 mole of hydrogen is 22.4L in the standard state, it is converted into 1000L/m per cubic meter in the standard state 3 The mass fraction of water was 18g/mol and the density was 106g/m 3 The conversion coefficient S of the water price of the hydrogen of the unit standard square and the cubic meter water price is prepared according to the analysis and calculation 2 The following are provided:
thus, the water consumption price can be expressed as:
wherein: price water The water price is given by the following units: m is per cubic meter water The molar mass of water is given in units of: gram per mole ρ water Is the density of water, in units of: gram per cubic meter, v 1 Volume conversion coefficient between standard square and cubic meter，v 2 Is the molar volume of hydrogen under standard conditions;
3) Cell operating point R:
r is always 1 when the maximum hydrogen production utilization is realized;
for the minimum adjustment times, adopting dynamic programming to carry out strategy solving, wherein R has two values of 0.2 and h, and the two values of 0.2 and 1 are obtained by the dynamic programming and are related to the conditions such as a local illumination radiation curve and the like, and for the selected photovoltaic curve, R has two values of 0.2 and 1;
for the dynamic tracking situation, R is related to the dynamic characteristics of the electrolytic cell and the residual power situation;
secondly, calculating a storage tank model, wherein the hydrogen storage SOC of the storage tank is S HyfrogenStorage The change is shown as a formula (8), wherein deltat is the actual sampling time interval;
S HydrogrnStorage (t) and S HydrogenStorage (t- Δt) is the SOC of the hydrogen storage tank at time t and t- Δt, respectively, R (t) represents the operating point of the electrolyzer, Δt is the time interval, and Q is the electrolyzer scale.
The tank being considered a disposable investment, e.g. at 0.1 ten thousand yuan/20 Nm 3 The calculation is carried out on the normal pressure storage tank of the formula (1), and the cost model of each standard side is shown as the formula (9); considering that energy is not wasted, the storage tank capacity S NHydrogenStorage Configuring according to the standard production number of a single day, and calculating the service life b of the storage tank according to 10 years;
then calculating an energy storage model of the lithium battery, and for the residual power P of the electrolytic tank and the photovoltaic/wind power station remain The energy storage absorption or supplement is adopted, and the charge and discharge efficiency eta is considered when the energy storage is charged and discharged, and 95 percent is taken; for this cell power P Storage SOC is S Storage The model is shown as formula (10) and formula (11):
S Storage (t)＝S Storage (t-Δt)+P Storage ·Δt (11)
the energy storage needs to consider a disposable investment model, the part is calculated according to 0.15 ten thousand yuan/kWh as shown in a formula (12), wherein the time t is calculated according to 365 days/year, and the service life n is calculated according to 8 years:
finally, calculating a photovoltaic model, and performing Gaussian function fitting on a photovoltaic mean value of the photovoltaic element in a data fitting mode; then, probability fitting can be carried out according to the data difference values, and then related fluctuation random numbers are generated for superposition to form a photovoltaic characteristic curve, wherein the fitted output coefficient basic function is shown as a formula (13), and model parameters are shown as a table 1;
TABLE 1 photovoltaic fitting basis function model parameters
。
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in step S2: when a system objective function and constraint conditions are established and a hydrogen production station is configured for a photovoltaic power station:
the hydrogen production equipment always works at the highest point, and the utilization of the hydrogen production equipment is maximized;
the hydrogen production equipment is regulated twice a day to adapt to the photovoltaic output characteristic, and the regulating times are minimized at the moment;
enabling the hydrogen production equipment to track the photovoltaic curve as much as possible, wherein the dynamic tracking is performed at the moment;
under the three strategies, only the hydrogen production operation point model is distinguished;
the invention takes better energy efficiency and no light rejection as constraint, takes maximized income as an objective function, and establishes an optimization model;
in the objective function established by the invention, as the system benefit is only one source, namely the hydrogen selling benefit, the cost needs to consider fixed cost and variable cost; the fixed cost includes: fixed cost AFC for hydrogen production equipment H Fixed cost AFC for hydrogen storage HydrogenStorage AFC (automatic frequency control) for fixed cost of energy storage battery Storage The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Variable cost AVC H_production Comprising: electricity price and water price; the benefit is to consider the Price of hydrogen mH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on this, the benefit objective function is shown as equation (14):
obj:maxbenefit＝
S HydrogenStorage (s 3 Price mH -AFC HydrogenStorage )-AFC storage -AFC H -AVC H_production (14)
considering that the hydrogen measurement unit is standard, the price is mostly Yuan/kg, the molar mass is 2g/mol, and the gas volume per mol under standard condition is 22.4L, and the hydrogen measurement unit is converted into standard Nm 3 Calculating hydrogen valence meta/kg to meta/Nm according to the above analysis 3 Conversion coefficient S of (2) 3 ：
The constraint conditions considered by the invention comprise static constraint and dynamic constraint under time sequence:
1) Static constraint at time t, nominal value of the parameter added with N in subscript
First, the operating point constraints of the electrolyzer are as shown in equation (16):
secondly, the hydrogen storage amount of the hydrogen storage tank cannot exceed the maximum hydrogen storage amount, S NHydrogenStorage Is the maximum hydrogen storage amount, as shown in formula (17):
then, the lithium battery power constraint is as shown in formula (18), S Storage The maximum electricity storage capacity of the lithium battery is as follows:
|P Storage |≤S Storage /10h (18)
finally, the system power balance is approximately as shown in formula (19):
2) Dynamic constraints under time sequence
The dynamic constraint is mainly energy storage dynamic constraint, as shown in formula (20), P storage The lithium battery is used for storing electricity:
as a preferred technical scheme of the invention: in step S3: based on the objective function and the constraint conditions proposed in the step S2, optimizing configuration is carried out on the system under three different operation strategies, and full-power operation of the electrolytic tank is maximized in the hydrogen production operation strategy; searching an optimal hydrogen production strategy by adopting the dynamic programming idea in the minimum adjustment frequency operation strategy;
a first layer: from the last time point, considering the economical optimal hydrogen production strategy when the high operating point hydrogen production is finished at the moment j;
a second layer: taking the moment j-1 as the end, searching an economic and optimal hydrogen production strategy when starting to produce hydrogen at the highest operating point at the moment i; the optimal condition in the dynamic tracking operation strategy is to consider the photovoltaic to predict the future; the peak power generated randomly does not respond, the peak power is absorbed or released by the stored energy, and the peak power can be processed through a statistical rule; when the traditional photovoltaic prediction substrate curve is subjected to tracking adjustment, enough electric quantity for maintaining the lowest power of the electrolytic tank at night without stopping is also required to be stored.
The invention provides a photovoltaic power station direct current hydrogen production optimal configuration method, which comprises the following steps: establishing a direct-current hydrogen production system of a photovoltaic power station, establishing an equipment model of photovoltaic and electrolytic hydrogen production equipment and lithium battery energy storage equipment, and realizing electric energy transmission by using a DC/DC converter; the objective function considering the fixed cost, the variable cost and the benefit and the system constraint condition considering the dynamic constraint under the static state and the time sequence are provided, and three operation strategies are provided: the economic optimal configuration of the system is realized under the conditions of maximizing hydrogen production utilization, minimizing adjustment times and dynamic tracking. Aiming at the micro-grid containing electrolytic hydrogen production, the invention configures the hydrogen production scene based on the photovoltaic power station, considers the dynamic performance of electrolytic hydrogen production to a certain extent, considers the configuration problems under several simplified models, explores the economic optimal configuration of electrolytic hydrogen production equipment configuration under different operation strategies, can realize the optimal system economy in different operation strategies, and has practical popularization value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power plant direct current hydrogen production system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the electrolytic hydrogen production solution under the dynamic tracking operation strategy provided by the invention, wherein: (a) A three-dimensional graph of a solution set under a dynamic tracking operation strategy; (b) The method is used for dynamically tracking photovoltaic and daily gain projection under the operation strategy.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiments are presented in three hydrogen production strategies:
1) Maximizing electrolyzer utilization hydrogen production strategy
The optimal configuration in the situation enables the electrolytic tank to run at full power all the time, the capacity of the electrolytic tank which enables the sum of the charging and discharging of the energy storage day to be 0 is obtained through Newton method iteration solution, and the configuration solution is carried out on the photovoltaic power station of 100-2400kwp, and the result is shown in table 2. It is easy to see that compared with the hydrogen production without configuration, the micro-grid benefit can be greatly improved by configuration hydrogen production, and the single-day benefit is directly changed from negative to positive.
Table 2 maximum hydrogen production utilization solution table
2) Hydrogen production strategy with minimized adjustment times
In this case, the idea of dynamic programming is adopted to search for the optimal hydrogen production strategy:
a first layer: from the first time point, considering the economical optimal hydrogen production strategy when the hydrogen production of the high operating point is finished at the moment j;
a second layer: and taking the moment j-1 as the end, searching an economic and optimal hydrogen production strategy when starting to produce hydrogen at the highest operating point at the moment i. The energy storage configuration still takes no electric energy to be discarded as a requirement, at the moment, the configuration solution is carried out by adopting a photovoltaic fitting substrate curve and an actual typical curve, and at the optimal configuration point, the capacity configuration of the hydrogen production equipment is in direct proportion to the photovoltaic capacity and is basically about 10% of the photovoltaic capacity.
When the hydrogen production equipment capacity is configured for a certain photovoltaic capacity, under the optimal minimum adjustment frequency strategy, daily gain is increased and then reduced along with the increase of the hydrogen production equipment capacity, and then the daily gain is increased to a constraint boundary again, wherein the objective function value at the boundary cannot exceed the maximum value point in the feasible domain. Because the minimum operating power point of the hydrogen production equipment is 20%, the equipment is not allowed to stop (frequent start and stop are easy to shorten the service life of the electrolytic tank), and the equipment with oversized configuration can better match with the absorption of the photovoltaic peak value, but cannot meet the minimum operating point power requirement of the electrolytic tank at night.
3) Dynamic tracking hydrogen production strategy
When the dynamic tracking strategy is considered, the optimal condition is to consider the photovoltaic for future prediction. The random peak power is not responded, the energy is absorbed or released by the energy storage, and the part can be processed through a statistical rule. When the traditional photovoltaic prediction substrate curve is subjected to tracking adjustment, enough electric quantity for maintaining the lowest power of the electrolytic tank without stopping when no light exists is reserved. For this purpose, an approximate estimate is first made by dynamically adjusting the delay of 20 s. At this time, the increase in the demand for night power supply due to the increase in the capacity of the electrolytic cell contradicts the demand for reduction of the peak power storage amount due to the increase in the capacity of the electrolytic cell.
And (5) performing numerical approximation on the hydrogen production dynamic model by using a matlab-based fitting tool. According to the analysis, for a certain electrolytic cell, the gas and temperature regulation response performance is only related to the current step percentage and is irrelevant to the initial state.
The result of the electrolytic hydrogen production solving under the operation strategy configured for the photovoltaic unit of 100-2400kWp is shown in figure 2, and the daily gain of the system steadily increases along with the increase of the photovoltaic, energy storage capacity and hydrogen production equipment capacity.
Dynamic tracking is not preferred to minimizing the conditioning times when photovoltaic demand over 900kwp is deployed. The main reasons are two: first, even in the case of dynamic tracking, it is necessary to ensure that the electrolyzer operates at the lowest power point during the night when no light is present, so that the amount of energy storage optimizability is small. Secondly, under the photovoltaic with large capacity, the ascending and descending slopes of the photovoltaic are linearly increased compared with those of the photovoltaic with low capacity, and the energy storage is filled to be increased due to the fact that the power loss and the long adjusting time which are frequently adjusted are partially needed, and certain loss is caused when the energy storage is charged and discharged, so that a dynamic tracking strategy has no economic and energy efficiency advantages when the photovoltaic with large capacity is obtained.
In conclusion, the condition of minimizing the adjustment times has small damage to the electrolytic tank, low operation control difficulty and no inferior comprehensive economic benefit to dynamic tracking, and is more suitable for popularization and engineering application in the prior art.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the present invention by way of example only and not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A photovoltaic power station direct current hydrogen production optimal configuration method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the photovoltaic power station direct current hydrogen production optimal configuration method comprises the following steps: the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic is utilized to carry out electrolytic hydrogen production through a DC/DC converter, and meanwhile, the operation power of the electrolytic tank is regulated in real time by utilizing a storage battery; based on the hydrogen production scene configured by the photovoltaic power station, each equipment model is established, the constraint conditions of an economic objective function and static dynamic performance are provided, the dynamic performance of electrolytic hydrogen production is considered to a certain extent, and the configuration problems under several simplified models are considered:
the method is characterized by exploring how the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment is configured under different operation strategies to realize the optimal economical efficiency of the electrolytic tank, wherein the three operation strategies are specifically considered as follows:
1) Maximizing hydrogen production utilization
Considering that the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment always works at the highest point, and optimizing configuration is carried out with the aim of minimizing energy consumption, discarding wind and light and maximizing income;
2) Has certain adjusting capability and minimizes the adjusting times
Because the hydrogen production equipment needs to be reduced to the minimum adjustment times to optimize the operation life, the adjustment is only allowed twice a day, and meanwhile, the hydrogen production equipment is not allowed to stop, the benefits are taken as an optimization objective function, the inner layer adopts a dynamic programming algorithm to search the operation adjustment time point and the adjustment operation point, the outer layer searches the configuration capacity of the hydrogen production equipment, and the optimal economic solution is obtained;
3) Dynamic tracking
Taking the fact that the electrolytic tank generally works under the condition of controlling constant temperature and pressure, solving a current control response model which enables all parameters of the system not to be out of limit, carrying out numerical approximation according to the model, and then carrying out optimal configuration by taking energy efficiency optimization as constraint and economical efficiency optimization as an objective function;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a system equipment element model, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises an electrolytic hydrogen production equipment model, a storage tank model, a lithium battery energy storage model and a photovoltaic model;
s2, establishing an objective function and constraint conditions, wherein the constraint conditions comprise static constraint conditions and dynamic constraint conditions;
s3, calculating the optimal configuration results under three operation strategies, namely maximizing hydrogen production utilization, minimizing adjustment times and dynamically tracking.
2. The photovoltaic power plant direct current hydrogen production optimal configuration method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in step S1: firstly, selecting a bus as a direct current bus; secondly, an electrolytic hydrogen production equipment model is established, the hydrogen production equipment model needs to consider the operation mode of the hydrogen production equipment, when the hydrogen production utilization is maximized, the hydrogen production equipment model is an unadjustable load which does not change with time, when the adjustment times are minimized, the hydrogen production equipment model is a rectangular curve which is shaped as a pulse, and in a dynamic tracking mode, the residual power curve is tracked as much as possible according to the adjustment characteristics;
1) Electric power consumed by the electrolytic cell:
assuming that the cell size is Q, the cell operating power P Hydrogen The formula (1) is as follows: i N The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps that (1) the rated current of the electrolytic cell, R is the running power point of the electrolytic cell at each moment, R is the actual power of the electrolytic cell/the rated power of the electrolytic cell, V is the voltage of the electrolytic cell, and the rated current, the rated power point and the temperature of the electrolytic cell are related;
P Hydrogen ＝I N ·R·V(I N ·R,T) (1)
equation (2) gives the equation of the cell voltage V, current, temperature T, A ele For the area of the electrolytic cell polar plate, q 1 、q 2 、r 1 、r 2 、s 1 、s 2 、s 3 、t 1 、t 2 、t 3 Alpha is a parameter, and can be obtained by fitting measured data;
2) Cost of the electrolytic cell:
the cost of the electrolytic cell is shown in the formula (3), and the condition of adopting the waste wind and waste light electrolysis is considered, wherein: price elec Price of electricity is 0, price Hydrogen_SOC For each standard price of the hydrogen storage tank, Q is the size of the electrolytic tank, C F For the first 50Nm 3 The unit yield of the alkaline electrolyte electrolyzer in a scale of/h is fixed, r is the interest rate, 5% is taken, d is the number of days per year calculated by 365, and the service life of the electrolyzer n is calculated by 20 years;
wherein S is 1 And S is equal to 2 Respectively the electricity consumption and the water consumption;
electric consumption S 1 ：
Consideration of power consumption W of theoretical unit standard of electrolytic cell elec_theory Cell efficiency η, 0.6 and electricity price from meta/kWh to meta/Nm 3 Is converted into (1) to calculate the electric consumption S 1 ：
Thus, the price part variable cost is:
wherein: w (W) elec_theory To obtain 1Nm for decomposition 3 Theoretical electric energy and price required by hydrogen elec The electricity price is per kilowatt hour, and eta is the comprehensive efficiency of the electrolytic cell;
water consumption S 2 ：
Considering that 1 mole of water generates 1 mole of hydrogen, and 1 mole of hydrogen is 22.4L in the standard state, it is converted into 1000L/m per cubic meter in the standard state 3 The mass fraction of water was 18g/mol and the density was 106g/m 3 The conversion coefficient S of the water price of the hydrogen of the unit standard square and the cubic meter water price is prepared according to the analysis and calculation 2 The following are provided:
thus, the water consumption price can be expressed as:
wherein: price water The water price is given by the following units: m is per cubic meter water The molar mass of water is given in units of: gram per mole ρ water Is the density of water, in units of: gram per cubic meter, v 1 V is the volume conversion coefficient between standard square and cubic meter 2 Is the molar volume of hydrogen under standard conditions;
3) Cell operating point R:
r is always 1 when the maximum hydrogen production utilization is realized;
for the minimum adjustment times, adopting dynamic programming to carry out strategy solving, wherein R has two values of 0.2 and h, and the two values of 0.2 and 1 are obtained by the dynamic programming and are related to the conditions such as a local illumination radiation curve and the like, and for the selected photovoltaic curve, R has two values of 0.2 and 1;
for the dynamic tracking situation, R is related to the dynamic characteristics of the electrolytic cell and the residual power situation;
secondly, calculating a storage tank model, wherein the hydrogen storage SOC of the storage tank is S HyfrogenStorage The change is shown as a formula (8), wherein deltat is the actual sampling time interval;
S HydrogrnStorage (t) and S HydrogenStorage (t- Δt) is the SOC of the hydrogen storage tank at time t and t- Δt, respectively, R (t) represents the operating point of the electrolyzer, Δt is the time interval, and Q is the electrolyzer scale;
the storage tank considers the disposable investment according to the 0.1 ten thousand yuan/20 Nm 3 The calculation is carried out on the normal pressure storage tank of the formula (1), and the cost model of each standard side is shown as the formula (9); considering that energy is not wasted, the storage tank capacity S NHydrogenStorage Compounding according to standard formula number of single day productionSetting, wherein the service life n of the storage tank is calculated according to 10 years;
then calculating an energy storage model of the lithium battery, and for the residual power P of the electrolytic tank and the photovoltaic/wind power station remain The energy storage absorption or supplement is adopted, and the charge and discharge efficiency eta is considered when the energy storage is charged and discharged, and 95 percent is taken; for this cell power P Storage SOC is S Storage The model is shown as formula (10) and formula (11):
S Storage (t)＝S Storage (t-Δt)+P Storage ·Δt (11)
the energy storage needs to consider a disposable investment model, the part is calculated according to 0.15 ten thousand yuan/kWh as shown in a formula (12), wherein the time t is calculated according to 365 days/year, and the service life n is calculated according to 8 years:
finally, calculating a photovoltaic model, and performing Gaussian function fitting on a photovoltaic mean value of the photovoltaic element in a data fitting mode; then, probability fitting can be carried out according to the data difference values, and then related fluctuation random numbers are generated for superposition to form a photovoltaic characteristic curve, and a fitted output coefficient basic function is shown as a formula (13);
。
3. the photovoltaic power plant direct current hydrogen production optimal configuration method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in step S2: when a system objective function and constraint conditions are established and a hydrogen production station is configured for a photovoltaic power station:
the hydrogen production equipment always works at the highest point, and the utilization of the hydrogen production equipment is maximized;
the hydrogen production equipment is regulated twice a day to adapt to the photovoltaic output characteristic, and the regulating times are minimized at the moment;
enabling the hydrogen production equipment to track the photovoltaic curve as much as possible, wherein the dynamic tracking is performed at the moment;
under the three strategies, only the hydrogen production operation point model is distinguished;
the invention takes better energy efficiency and no light rejection as constraint, takes maximized income as an objective function, and establishes an optimization model;
in the objective function established by the invention, as the system benefit is only one source, namely the hydrogen selling benefit, the cost needs to consider fixed cost and variable cost; the fixed cost includes: fixed cost AFC for hydrogen production equipment H Fixed cost AFC for hydrogen storage HydrogenStorage AFC (automatic frequency control) for fixed cost of energy storage battery Storage The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Variable cost AVC H_production Comprising: electricity price and water price; the benefit is to consider the Price of hydrogen mH The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on this, the benefit objective function is shown as equation (14):
considering that the hydrogen measurement unit is standard, the price is mostly Yuan/kg, the molar mass is 2g/mol, and the gas volume per mol under standard condition is 22.4L, and the hydrogen measurement unit is converted into standard Nm 3 Calculating hydrogen valence meta/kg to meta/Nm according to the above analysis 3 Conversion coefficient S of (2) 3 ：
The constraint conditions considered by the invention comprise static constraint and dynamic constraint under time sequence:
1) Static constraint at time t, nominal value of the parameter added with N in subscript
First, the operating point constraints of the electrolyzer are as shown in equation (16):
secondly, the hydrogen storage amount of the hydrogen storage tank cannot exceed the maximum hydrogen storage amount, S NHydrogenStorage Is the maximum hydrogen storage amount, as shown in formula (17):
then, the lithium battery power constraint is as shown in formula (18), S Storage The maximum electricity storage capacity of the lithium battery is as follows:
|P Storage |≤S Storage /10h (18)
finally, the system power balance is approximately as shown in formula (19):
2) Dynamic constraints under time sequence
The dynamic constraint is mainly energy storage dynamic constraint, as shown in formula (20), P storage The lithium battery is used for storing electricity:
4. the photovoltaic power plant direct current hydrogen production optimal configuration method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in step S3: based on the objective function and the constraint conditions proposed in the step S2, optimizing configuration is carried out on the system under three different operation strategies, and full-power operation of the electrolytic tank is maximized in the hydrogen production operation strategy; searching an optimal hydrogen production strategy by adopting the dynamic programming idea in the minimum adjustment frequency operation strategy;
a first layer: from the last time point, considering the economical optimal hydrogen production strategy when the high operating point hydrogen production is finished at the moment j;
a second layer: taking the moment j-1 as the end, searching an economic and optimal hydrogen production strategy when starting to produce hydrogen at the highest operating point at the moment i; the optimal condition in the dynamic tracking operation strategy is to consider the photovoltaic to predict the future; the peak power generated randomly does not respond, the peak power is absorbed or released by the stored energy, and the peak power can be processed through a statistical rule; when the traditional photovoltaic prediction substrate curve is subjected to tracking adjustment, enough electric quantity for maintaining the lowest power of the electrolytic tank at night without stopping is also required to be stored.
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| CN117153280A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-12-01 | 山东大学 | Simulation model building method, simulation method and simulation system of alkaline electrolysis hydrogen production system |
| CN117674375A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-03-08 | 燕山大学 | New energy multi-energy complementary hydrogen production system energy management method |
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| CN117153280A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-12-01 | 山东大学 | Simulation model building method, simulation method and simulation system of alkaline electrolysis hydrogen production system |
| CN117153280B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2024-05-03 | 山东大学 | Simulation model building method, simulation method and simulation system of alkaline electrolysis hydrogen production system |
| CN117674375A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-03-08 | 燕山大学 | New energy multi-energy complementary hydrogen production system energy management method |
| CN117674375B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-06-07 | 燕山大学 | New energy multi-energy complementary hydrogen production system energy management method |
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