CN114336764B - Micro-grid system based on SOFC and electric gas conversion technology and capacity configuration method thereof - Google Patents
Micro-grid system based on SOFC and electric gas conversion technology and capacity configuration method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 100
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 38
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 31
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-grid system based on an SOFC and electric conversion technology and a capacity configuration method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of micro-grids. The system comprises an alternating current bus, a load connected with the alternating current bus, a photovoltaic power generation unit, a wind power generation unit, an electrolysis unit, an SOFC power generation unit and a lithium battery. The capacity configuration method comprises the steps of generating the capacity or the number of each unit in the micro-grid system according to objective function values in a constraint range of decision variables of an optimization planning layer by running a solution algorithm of the optimization planning layer model; generating an energy management layer decision variable constraint range by combining the environmental data, and solving an energy management layer model solving algorithm according to an energy management strategy to generate an energy management scheme; and updating the objective function value of the optimization planning layer according to the energy management scheme, and repeating iteration. The invention provides a new idea for improving the local digestion rate of the high-proportion new energy micro-grid, and overcomes the defects of the conventional SOFC-containing micro-grid capacity configuration research by fully considering the dynamic and static characteristics of the SOFC.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-grids, in particular to a micro-grid system based on an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) and electric conversion technology and a capacity configuration method thereof.
Background
Under the background of shortage of fossil fuel and greenhouse effect, renewable energy sources are greatly developed in the global scope, and important strategic decisions for realizing carbon peak and carbon neutralization are made in China, so that the permeability of the renewable energy sources in a power grid is gradually improved. In recent years, distributed energy systems such as micro-grids based on wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation have received increased attention.
The increase in the permeability of renewable energy sources in the micro-grid helps to achieve self-sufficiency of the micro-grid, however, this also presents greater challenges for the reliability of the power supply and the quality of the power of the micro-grid due to the strong randomness, volatility and intermittency of the renewable energy sources. The Power to Gas (P2G) technology can convert the residual Power into hydrogen, methane and other fuels to be stored when the renewable energy source is in excess Power supply, and can utilize the stored hydrogen, methane and other fuels to supply energy when the renewable energy source is in insufficient Power supply, so that the energy density is high, the storage time is long and the like. The Fuel Cell (FC) directly converts electrochemical energy in Fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, is not limited by Carnot cycle, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, quietness, cleanliness, multiple fuels and the like. The P2G technology and the fuel cell technology are matched, so that the method is an effective way for improving the local utilization rate of renewable energy sources in the micro-grid and guaranteeing the power supply reliability and the power quality of the micro-grid.
According to the difference of electrolytes, the fuel cells can be mainly classified into 6 types, wherein the solid oxide fuel cells (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC) are medium-high temperature fuel cells without noble metal catalysts, and compared with other fuel cells, the fuel cells have the advantages of low manufacturing and maintenance cost, no electrode poisoning, no liquid leakage corrosion, long service life and the like, are combined heat and power generation devices, and have wide application prospects in micro-grids of park levels. SOFC has strong thermoelectric coupling characteristic, so that maximum efficiency of different power points is different when steady-state load tracking is performed, and tracking time can reach a minute level when dynamic load tracking is performed. At present, most of research on capacity allocation problems of the micro-grid containing the SOFC simply regards the SOFC as a controllable power generation device similar to a diesel generator and the like for use, and dynamic and static load tracking characteristics of the SOFC are not fully considered, so that the SOFC cannot supply power with maximum efficiency, fuel waste is caused, and the running safety of the SOFC and the whole micro-grid is endangered. Therefore, how to perform capacity optimization configuration on the SOFC-containing micro-grid according to the dynamic-static load tracking characteristic of the SOFC becomes a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention researches the capacity configuration problem of a micro-grid system based on a solid oxide fuel cell and an electric conversion technology according to the dynamic and static load tracking characteristic and dynamic and static optimization analysis data of a pure hydrogen SOFC, provides the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and the electric conversion technology and the capacity configuration method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem of the capacity configuration of the micro-grid containing the solid oxide fuel cell so as to realize safe, stable and economic operation of the micro-grid containing the SOFC.
In order to achieve the above purpose, in one aspect, the invention provides a micro-grid system based on an SOFC and electric conversion technology, which comprises an alternating current bus, a first DC/AC conversion unit, an AC/AC conversion unit, a second DC/AC conversion unit, an AC/DC conversion unit and a DC/AC bidirectional conversion unit, wherein the alternating current bus is connected with a load, the photovoltaic generation unit is connected with the first DC/AC conversion unit, the wind generation unit is connected with the AC/AC conversion unit, the electrolysis unit is connected with the AC/DC conversion unit, the SOFC generation unit is connected with the second DC/AC conversion unit, and the lithium battery is connected with the DC/AC bidirectional conversion unit;
the photovoltaic power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing solar energy, the wind power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing wind energy, the electrolysis unit is used for generating hydrogen through electrolysis and storing the hydrogen, the SOFC power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing the hydrogen, and the lithium battery is used for carrying out dynamic load tracking and storing redundant electric quantity in cooperation with the SOFC power generation unit;
the alternating current bus is connected with an upper power grid through a grid-connected switch, and the grid-connected switch is used for controlling the micro-grid system to run in a grid-connected or off-grid mode.
The beneficial effects are that: when the sum of the power of the photovoltaic power generation unit, the wind power generation unit and the SOFC power generation unit can not meet the load demand, the upper power grid connected with the micro-grid supplies power; when the sum of the power of the photovoltaic power generation unit, the wind power generation unit and the SOFC power generation unit is larger than the load demand, the redundant electric energy is not transmitted to an upper power grid, and the abandoned wind and the abandoned light are generated. Through optimizing the wind abandoning quantity and the investment cost of the micro-grid, the capacity configuration of each power generation unit of the micro-grid is reasonable, and self-sufficiency is ensured as much as possible.
The invention further provides a capacity configuration method of the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and electric gas conversion technology, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the objective function, the decision variable constraint range, the model solving algorithm and the model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the optimization planning layer, and determining the objective function, the model solving algorithm and the model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the energy management layer;
(2) Running the optimization planning layer model solving algorithm, and generating the capacity or the number of each unit in the micro-grid system according to the objective function value of the optimization planning layer in the constraint range of the decision variable of the optimization planning layer;
(3) According to the obtained capacity or number of each unit in the micro-grid system and environmental data such as wind speed, irradiation intensity, temperature and the like, a decision variable constraint range of the energy management layer is obtained, and according to an energy management strategy, an energy management layer model solving algorithm is adopted to solve and generate an energy management scheme;
(4) And (3) judging whether the condition of terminating the iteration of the optimization planning layer model solving algorithm is reached, if yes, terminating the iteration to obtain the capacity configuration scheme of the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and electric conversion technology, otherwise, updating the objective function value of the optimization planning layer according to the energy management scheme, and returning to the step (2).
Further, the energy management strategy in the step (3) specifically includes:
(3.1) determining the minimum power generation power SOFC of the SOFC power generation unit according to the capacity or the number of each unit in the obtained micro-grid system and environmental data min And maximum power SOFC max ObtainingMaximum power generation P to photovoltaic power generation unit and wind power generation unit for each Δt period PV(t) and PWT (t) at each Δt period: according to the power generation power at the current moment of the SOFC power generation unit and the target power generation power, determining transient process duration delta t1 and steady state process duration delta t 2 ＝Δt-Δt 1 If P PV (t)、P WT (t) and SOFC min The sum is greater than or equal to the load power P load (t), i.e. P PV (t)+P WT (t)+SOFC min ≥P load (t) at the moment, the upper power grid does not supply power, and the step (3.2.1) is carried out; otherwise, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, the electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit is 0, and the step (3.3.1) is carried out;
(3.2.1) during transient conditions, the generated power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to SOFC min The lithium battery is charged and satisfies that the overall power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is SOFC min The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap 1 ＝P PV (t)+P WT (t)+SOFC min -P load (t) if the maximum electrolytic power of the electrolytic cellThe method meets the following conditions: />The electrolytic unit is in gap 1 The power electrolysis hydrogen production, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, no waste wind and light are generated, otherwise, the electrolysis unit uses +.>The actual output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit is smaller than the maximum output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit, and the generated waste wind and waste light have the power of +.>Monitoring the hydrogen storage at the end of the transient process +.>And SOC value of lithium battery->
(3.2.2) during steady state, the SOFC Power generating Unit output is SOFC min Determining maximum electrolytic power of an electrolytic cellAnd lithium battery maximum charging power +.>If->Will be gap 1 The power is distributed to the lithium battery charging and electrolysis unit for electrolytic hydrogen production, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, no waste wind and no waste light are generated, otherwise, the lithium battery is replaced by->Power charging, electrolysis unit with->The actual output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit is smaller than the maximum output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit, and the generated waste wind and waste light have the power of +.>Calculating the hydrogen storage amount at the end of the steady-state process +.>And lithium battery SOC value
(3.3.1) calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap 2 ＝P load (t)-P PV (t)-P WT (t) during transient conditions, if gap 2 Greater than the maximum power of SOFC power generation unit, i.e. gap 2 ＞SOFC max The power generation of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to SOFC max The lithium battery discharges, and the whole power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is SOFC max The upper power grid supplies power with power of gap 2 -SOFC max Otherwise, the upper power grid does not supply power, and the power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to be gap 2 If the SOFC power generation unit current power P SOFC (t) is greater than or equal to gap 2 The lithium battery is charged, and the integral power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is gap 2 Otherwise, discharging the lithium battery, and satisfying the overall power generation of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery as gap 2 (II), (III), (V), (; monitoring hydrogen storage at the end of transient processAnd SOC value of lithium battery->
(3.3.2) in the steady state process, the power supply state and the power supply power of the upper power grid are kept consistent with those in the step (3.3.1), and the charging and discharging power of the lithium battery is 0; calculating the Hydrogen storage amount at the end of the steady-state ProcessAnd lithium battery SOC value->
Further, the maximum electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit in the step (3.2.1)The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell +.>For hydrogen storage capacity, ">HHV for hydrogen storage at transient onset fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value eta ele Is the efficiency of the electrolysis equipment.
Further, the maximum electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit in the step (3.2.2)And lithium battery maximum charging power +.>The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell +.>For hydrogen storage capacity, ">The hydrogen storage amount at the beginning of the steady-state process, i.e. the hydrogen storage amount at the end of the transient process +.>M fuel (t) the molar rate of hydrogen consumption, HHV, for SOFC power generation units fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value eta ele Is the efficiency of the electrolysis equipment;
wherein ,the inherent maximum charging power of the lithium battery is C is the capacity of the lithium battery, and SOC max For maximum SOC value of lithium battery, +.>The SOC value of the lithium battery at the beginning time of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the ending time of the transient-state processSigma is the self-discharge ratio per hour of the lithium battery, < >>And charging efficiency of the lithium battery.
Further, the hydrogen storage amount at the end of the steady-state process in step (3.2.2) and step (3.3.2)The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,Mfuel-ele (t) is the rate of electrolytic hydrogen production,P eles (t) is the electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit, eta ele HHV for electrolysis cell efficiency fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value, M fuel (t) is the molar rate at which hydrogen is consumed by the SOFC power generation unit.
Further, in the step (3.2.2) and the step (3.3.2)Lithium battery SOC value at the end of steady state processThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,the SOC value of the lithium battery at the beginning of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the end of the transient-state process>Sigma is the self-discharge ratio of the lithium battery per hour, C is the capacity of the lithium battery, < >>The power to charge the lithium battery is calculated,and charging efficiency of the lithium battery.
Preferably, the optimizing the planning layer objective function in the step (1) specifically includes:
annual investment cost C of micro-grid system system Minimum of
wherein ,is the investment cost of the ith unit in the whole life cycle of the micro grid system,/for the micro grid system>Is the annual operation maintenance cost of the ith unit in the micro-grid system, gamma i Capital for the ith unitRecovery coefficient,/->I r Represents annual interest rate, n i Is the lifetime of the i-th cell;
annual wind and light rejection amount R of micro-grid system system Minimum of
wherein ,Pwaste (t) is the wind-discarding and light-discarding power in the period of delta t, P total (t) is the sum of the maximum power generated by the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit in the delta t period in the micro-grid system;
the energy management layer objective function specifically includes:
annual net benefit E for micro grid system net Maximum:
maxE net ＝E income -C spending
wherein ,Eincome For annual total gain of micro-grid system, including load gain E load And sell oxygen benefit E oxygen Two of the two kinds of the materials,α sell to sell electricity, P load (t) is load power, α oxygen To sell oxygen price, x oxygen And (t) is the oxygen production amount, and the specific calculation mode is as follows: wherein ,Mfuel-ele (t) is the rate of electrolytic hydrogen production,P eles (t) is the electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit, eta ele HHV for electrolysis cell efficiency fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value; c (C) spending For the annual total cost of the micro-grid system, including one of the costs of purchasing electricity to the upper grid,to purchase electricity price for upper power grid, P grid And (t) purchasing power to the upper power grid.
Compared with the prior art, the micro-grid system based on the solid oxide fuel cell and the electric conversion technology and the capacity configuration method thereof are provided according to the dynamic and static load tracking characteristics of the SOFC through the technical scheme, the method divides a micro-grid capacity configuration model into an upper optimization planning layer and a lower energy management layer, and a transient state and steady state two-stage energy management strategy is provided in the energy management layer according to the dynamic load tracking characteristics of the SOFC, and energy management is performed on the micro-grid by collecting SOFC dynamic and static optimization analysis data. The micro-grid system provides a new thought for improving the local absorption rate of the high-proportion new energy micro-grid, and the proposed capacity allocation method makes up the defect of the capacity allocation research of the existing SOFC-containing micro-grid by fully considering the dynamic and static characteristics of the SOFC, and lays a theoretical foundation for realizing the application of the SOFC in the micro-grid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a micro-grid pattern based on solid oxide fuel cells and electrotransport technology;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a microgrid capacity configuration based on solid oxide fuel cells and electrical conversion technology;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of microgrid energy management based on solid oxide fuel cells and electrical conversion technology.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not interfere with each other.
The invention provides a micro-grid system based on an SOFC and electric conversion technology, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises an alternating current bus, a first DC/AC conversion unit, an AC/AC conversion unit, a second DC/AC conversion unit, an AC/DC conversion unit and a DC/AC bidirectional conversion unit, wherein the alternating current bus is connected with a photovoltaic power generation unit through the first DC/AC conversion unit, is connected with a wind power generation unit through the AC/AC conversion unit, is connected with an electrolysis unit through the AC/DC conversion unit, is connected with the SOFC power generation unit through the second DC/AC conversion unit, and is connected with a lithium battery and a load through the DC/AC bidirectional conversion unit;
the photovoltaic power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing solar energy, the wind power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing wind energy, the electrolysis unit is used for generating hydrogen through electrolysis and storing the hydrogen, the SOFC power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing the hydrogen, and the lithium battery is used for carrying out dynamic load tracking and storing redundant electric quantity in cooperation with the SOFC power generation unit;
the alternating current bus is connected with an upper power grid through a grid-connected switch, and the grid-connected switch is used for controlling the micro-grid system to run in a grid-connected or off-grid mode.
The invention also provides a capacity configuration method of the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and the electric conversion technology, as shown in figure 2, comprising the following steps:
(1) Determining the objective function, the decision variable constraint range, the model solving algorithm and the model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the optimization planning layer, and determining the objective function, the model solving algorithm and the model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the energy management layer;
(2) Running the optimization planning layer model solving algorithm, and generating the capacity or the number of each unit in the micro-grid system according to the objective function value of the optimization planning layer in the constraint range of the decision variable of the optimization planning layer;
(3) According to the obtained capacity or number of each unit in the micro-grid system and environmental data such as wind speed, irradiation intensity, temperature and the like, a decision variable constraint range of the energy management layer is obtained, and according to an energy management strategy, an energy management layer model solving algorithm is adopted to solve and generate an energy management scheme;
(4) And (3) judging whether the condition of terminating the iteration of the optimization planning layer model solving algorithm is reached, if yes, terminating the iteration to obtain the capacity configuration scheme of the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and electric conversion technology, otherwise, updating the objective function value of the optimization planning layer according to the energy management scheme, and returning to the step (2).
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the energy management strategy in the step (3) specifically includes:
(3.1) determining the minimum power generation power SOFC of the SOFC power generation unit according to the capacity or the number of each unit in the obtained micro-grid system and environmental data min And maximum power SOFC max Obtaining the maximum power P of the photovoltaic power generation unit and the wind power generation unit in each delta t period PV(t) and PWT (t) at each Δt period: according to the power generation power at the current moment of the SOFC power generation unit and the target power generation power, determining transient process duration delta t1 and steady state process duration delta t 2 ＝Δt-Δt 1 If P PV (t)、P WT (t) and SOFC min The sum is greater than or equal to the load power P load (t), i.e. P PV (t)+P WT (t)+SOFC min ≥P load (t) at the moment, the upper power grid does not supply power, and the step (3.2.1) is carried out; otherwise, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, the electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit is 0, and the step (3.3.1) is carried out;
(3.2.1) during transient conditions, the generated power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to SOFC min The lithium battery is charged and satisfies that the overall power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is SOFC min The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap 1 ＝P PV (t)+P WT (t)+SOFC min -P load (t) if the maximum electrolytic power of the electrolytic cellThe method meets the following conditions: />The electrolytic unit is in gap 1 The power electrolysis hydrogen production, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, no waste wind and light are generated, otherwise, the electrolysis unit uses +.>The actual output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit is smaller than the maximum output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit, and the generated waste wind and waste light have the power of +.>Monitoring the hydrogen storage at the end of the transient process +.>And SOC value of lithium battery->
(3.2.2) during steady state, the SOFC Power generating Unit output is SOFC min Determining maximum electrolytic power of an electrolytic cellAnd lithium battery maximum charging power +.>If->Will be gap 1 The power is distributed to the lithium battery charging and electrolysis unit for electrolytic hydrogen production, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, no waste wind and no waste light are generated, otherwise, the lithium battery is replaced by->Power charging, electrolysis unit with->Power electrolysis hydrogen production, wind power generation unit and wind power generation methodThe actual output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit is smaller than the maximum output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit, and the power of the photovoltaic power generation unit is +.>Calculating the hydrogen storage amount at the end of the steady-state process +.>And lithium battery SOC value
(3.3.1) calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap 2 ＝P load (t)-P PV (t)-P WT (t) during transient conditions, if gap 2 Greater than the maximum power of SOFC power generation unit, i.e. gap 2 ＞SOFC max The power generation of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to SOFC max The lithium battery discharges, and the whole power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is SOFC max The upper power grid supplies power with power of gap 2 -SOFC max Otherwise, the upper power grid does not supply power, and the power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to be gap 2 If the SOFC power generation unit current power P SOFC (t) is greater than or equal to gap 2 The lithium battery is charged, and the integral power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is gap 2 Otherwise, discharging the lithium battery, and satisfying the overall power generation of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery as gap 2 (II), (III), (V), (; monitoring hydrogen storage at the end of transient processAnd SOC value of lithium battery->
(3.3.2) in the steady state process, the power supply state and the power supply power of the upper power grid are kept consistent with those in the step (3.3.1), and the charging and discharging power of the lithium battery is 0; calculating the Hydrogen storage amount at the end of the steady-state ProcessAnd lithium battery SOC value->
Specifically, the maximum electrolytic power of the electrolytic cell in step (3.2.1)The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell +.>For hydrogen storage capacity, ">HHV for hydrogen storage at transient onset fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value eta ele Is the efficiency of the electrolysis equipment.
Specifically, the maximum electrolytic power of the electrolytic cell in step (3.2.2)And maximum charging power of lithium batteryThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell +.>For hydrogen storage capacity, ">The hydrogen storage amount at the beginning of the steady-state process, i.e. the hydrogen storage amount at the end of the transient process +.>M fuel (t) the molar rate of hydrogen consumption, HHV, for SOFC power generation units fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value eta ele Is the efficiency of the electrolysis equipment;
wherein ,the inherent maximum charging power of the lithium battery is C is the capacity of the lithium battery, and SOC max For maximum SOC value of lithium battery, +.>The SOC value of the lithium battery at the beginning time of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the ending time of the transient-state processSigma is the self-discharge ratio per hour of the lithium battery, < >>And charging efficiency of the lithium battery.
Specifically, the hydrogen storage amount at the end of the steady-state process in step (3.2.2) and step (3.3.2)The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,Mfuel-ele (t) is the rate of electrolytic hydrogen production,P eles (t) is the electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit, eta ele HHV for electrolysis cell efficiency fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value, M fuel (t) is the molar rate at which hydrogen is consumed by the SOFC power generation unit.
Specifically, the lithium battery SOC value at the end of the steady-state process in step (3.2.2) and step (3.3.2)The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,the SOC value of the lithium battery at the beginning of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the end of the transient-state process>Sigma is the self-discharge ratio of the lithium battery per hour, C is the capacity of the lithium battery, < >>The power to charge the lithium battery is calculated,and charging efficiency of the lithium battery.
Specifically, the optimizing the planning layer objective function in the step (1) specifically includes:
annual investment cost C of micro-grid system system Minimum of
wherein ,is the investment cost of the ith unit in the whole life cycle of the micro grid system,/and->Is the annual operation maintenance cost of the ith unit in the micro-grid system, gamma i Is the capital recovery coefficient of the ith unit, < +.>I r Represents annual interest rate, n i Is the lifetime of the i-th cell;
annual wind and light rejection amount R of micro-grid system system Minimum of
wherein ,Pwaste (t) is the wind-discarding and light-discarding power in the period of delta t, P total (t) is the sum of the maximum power generated by the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit in the delta t period in the micro-grid system;
the energy management layer objective function specifically includes:
annual net benefit E for micro grid system net Maximum:
maxE net ＝E income -C spending
wherein ,Eincome For annual total gain of micro-grid system, including load gain E load And sell oxygen benefit E oxygen Two of the two kinds of the materials,α sell to sell electricity, P load (t) is load power, α oxygen To sell oxygen price, x oxygen And (t) is the oxygen production amount, and the specific calculation mode is as follows: wherein ,Mfuel-ele (t) is the rate of electrolytic hydrogen production,P eles (t) is the electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit, eta ele HHV for electrolysis cell efficiency fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value; c (C) spending For the annual total cost of the micro-grid system, including one of the costs of purchasing electricity to the upper grid,to purchase electricity price for upper power grid, P grid And (t) purchasing power to the upper power grid.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The micro-grid system based on the SOFC and electric conversion technology comprises an alternating current bus, a first DC/AC conversion unit, an AC/AC conversion unit, a second DC/AC conversion unit, an AC/DC conversion unit and a DC/AC bidirectional conversion unit, wherein a load is connected to the alternating current bus, a photovoltaic power generation unit is connected to the alternating current bus through the first DC/AC conversion unit, a wind power generation unit is connected to the alternating current bus through the AC/AC conversion unit, an electrolysis unit is connected to the alternating current unit through the AC/DC conversion unit, an SOFC power generation unit is connected to the alternating current bus through the second DC/AC conversion unit, and a lithium battery is connected to the alternating current bus through the DC/AC bidirectional conversion unit;
the photovoltaic power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing solar energy, the wind power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing wind energy, the electrolysis unit is used for generating hydrogen through electrolysis and storing the hydrogen, the SOFC power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing the hydrogen, and the lithium battery is used for carrying out dynamic load tracking and storing redundant electric quantity in cooperation with the SOFC power generation unit;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of constructing a micro-grid system capacity configuration model, dividing the micro-grid system capacity configuration model into an upper optimizing planning layer and a lower energy management layer, and comprising the following steps:
(1) Determining the objective function, the decision variable constraint range, the model solving algorithm and the model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the optimization planning layer, and determining the objective function, the model solving algorithm and the model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the energy management layer;
(2) Running the optimization planning layer model solving algorithm, and generating the capacity or the number of each unit in the micro-grid system according to the objective function value of the optimization planning layer in the constraint range of the decision variable of the optimization planning layer;
(3) Obtaining a decision variable constraint range of the energy management layer according to the capacity or the number of each unit in the obtained micro-grid system and environmental data, and solving and generating an energy management scheme by adopting the energy management layer model solving algorithm according to an energy management strategy;
the energy management strategy in the step (3) specifically includes:
(3.1) determining the minimum power generation power SOFC of the SOFC power generation unit according to the capacity or the number of each unit in the obtained micro-grid system and environmental data min And maximum power SOFC max Obtaining the maximum power P of the photovoltaic power generation unit and the wind power generation unit in each delta t period PV(t) and PWT (t) at each Δt period: according to the power generation power at the current moment of the SOFC power generation unit and the target power generation power, determining transient process duration delta t1 and steady state process duration delta t 2 ＝Δt-Δt 1 If P PV (t)、P WT (t) and SOFC min The sum is greater than or equal to the load power P load (t), i.e. P PV (t)+P WT (t)+SOFC min ≥P load (t) at the moment, the upper power grid does not supply power, and the step (3.2.1) is carried out; otherwise, wind power generation sheetThe cell and the photovoltaic power generation unit are operated in a maximum power tracking mode, the electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit is 0, and the step (3.3.1) is carried out;
(3.2.1) during transient conditions, the generated power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to SOFC min The lithium battery is charged and satisfies that the overall power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is SOFC min The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap 1 ＝P PV (t)+P WT (t)+SOFC min -P load (t) if the maximum electrolytic power of the electrolytic cellThe method meets the following conditions: />The electrolytic unit is in gap 1 The power electrolysis hydrogen production, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, no waste wind and light are generated, otherwise, the electrolysis unit uses +.>The actual output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit is smaller than the maximum output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit, and the generated waste wind and waste light have the power of +.>Monitoring the hydrogen storage at the end of the transient process +.>And SOC value of lithium battery->
(3.2.2) during steady state, the SOFC Power generating Unit output is SOFC min Determining maximum electrolytic power of an electrolytic cellAnd lithium battery maximum charging power +.>If->Will be gap 1 The power is distributed to the lithium battery charging and electrolysis unit for electrolytic hydrogen production, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, no waste wind and no waste light are generated, otherwise, the lithium battery is replaced by->Power charging, electrolysis unit with->The actual output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit is smaller than the maximum output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit, and the generated waste wind and waste light have the power of +.>Calculating the hydrogen storage amount at the end of the steady-state process +.>And lithium battery SOC value
(3.3.1) calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap 2 ＝P load (t)-P PV (t)-P WT (t) during transient conditions, if gap 2 Greater than the maximum power of SOFC power generation unit, i.e. gap 2 ＞SOFC max The power generation of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to SOFC max The lithium battery discharges, and the whole power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is SOFC max The upper power grid supplies power with power of gap 2 -SOFC max Otherwise, the upper power grid does not supply power, and the power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to be gap 2 If the SOFC power generation unit current power P SOFC (t) is greater than or equal to gap 2 The lithium battery is charged, and the integral power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is gap 2 Otherwise, discharging the lithium battery, and satisfying the overall power generation of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery as gap 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Monitoring hydrogen storage at the end of transient processAnd SOC value of lithium battery->
(3.3.2) in the steady state process, the power supply state and the power supply power of the upper power grid are kept consistent with those in the step (3.3.1), and the charging and discharging power of the lithium battery is 0; calculating the Hydrogen storage amount at the end of the steady-state ProcessAnd lithium battery SOC value->
(4) And (3) judging whether the condition of terminating the iteration of the optimization planning layer model solving algorithm is reached, if yes, terminating the iteration to obtain the capacity configuration scheme of the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and electric conversion technology, otherwise, updating the objective function value of the optimization planning layer according to the energy management scheme, and returning to the step (2).
2. The capacity allocation method according to claim 1, wherein the ac bus is connected to an upper grid through a grid-connected switch for controlling grid-connected or off-grid operation of the micro-grid system.
3. The capacity allocation method according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic unit in step (3.2.1)Maximum electrolytic powerThe method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell +.>For hydrogen storage capacity, ">HHV for hydrogen storage at transient onset fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value eta ele Is the efficiency of the electrolysis equipment.
4. The capacity allocation method according to claim 1, wherein the maximum electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit in step (3.2.2)And lithium battery maximum charging power +.>The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,for the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell +.>For hydrogen storage capacity, ">The hydrogen storage amount at the beginning of the steady-state process, i.e. the hydrogen storage amount at the end of the transient process +.>M fuel (t) the molar rate of hydrogen consumption, HHV, for SOFC power generation units fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value eta ele Is the efficiency of the electrolysis equipment;
wherein ,the inherent maximum charging power of the lithium battery is C is the capacity of the lithium battery, and SOC max Is the maximum SOC value of the lithium battery,the SOC value of the lithium battery at the beginning time of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the ending time of the transient processSigma is the self-discharge ratio per hour of the lithium battery, < >>And charging efficiency of the lithium battery.
5. The capacity allocation method according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage amount at the end of the steady-state process in step (3.2.2) and step (3.3.2)The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,Mfuel-ele (t) is the rate of electrolytic hydrogen production,P eles (t) is the electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit, eta ele HHV for electrolysis cell efficiency fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value, M fuel (t) is the molar rate at which hydrogen is consumed by the SOFC power generation unit.
6. The capacity allocation method according to claim 1, wherein the lithium battery SOC value at the end of the steady-state process in step (3.2.2) and step (2.3.2)The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,the SOC value of the lithium battery at the beginning of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the end of the transient process>Sigma is the self-discharge ratio of the lithium battery per hour, C is the capacity of the lithium battery, < >>The power to charge the lithium battery is calculated,and charging efficiency of the lithium battery.
7. The capacity allocation method according to claim 1, wherein the optimizing the planning layer objective function in the step (1) specifically includes:
annual investment cost C of micro-grid system system Minimum of
wherein ,is the investment cost of the ith unit in the whole life cycle of the micro grid system,/and->Is the annual operation maintenance cost of the ith unit in the micro-grid system, gamma i Is the capital recovery coefficient of the ith unit, < +.>I r Represents annual interest rate, n i Is the lifetime of the i-th cell;
annual wind and light rejection amount R of micro-grid system system Minimum of
wherein ,Pwaste (t) is the wind-discarding and light-discarding power in the period of delta t, P total (t) is the sum of the maximum power generated by the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit in the delta t period in the micro-grid system;
the energy management layer objective function specifically includes:
annual net benefit E for micro grid system net Maximum:
max E net ＝E income -C spending
wherein ,Eincome For annual total gain of micro-grid system, including load gain E load And sell oxygen benefit E oxygen Two of the two kinds of the materials,α sell to sell electricity, P load (t) is load power, α oxygen To sell oxygen price, x oxygen (t) is the oxygen production amount; c (C) spending For the annual total cost of the micro-grid system, the method comprises the steps of purchasing electricity to the upper-level grid>α grid To purchase electricity price for upper power grid, P grid And (t) purchasing power to the upper power grid.
8. The capacity allocation method according to claim 7, wherein the oxygen production amount is calculated by:
wherein ,Mfuel-ele (t) is the rate of electrolytic hydrogen production,P eles (t) is the electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit, eta ele HHV for electrolysis cell efficiency fuel Is hydrogen with high heat value.
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