CN114336764A - Micro-grid system based on SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) and electricity-to-gas technology and capacity configuration method thereof - Google Patents
Micro-grid system based on SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) and electricity-to-gas technology and capacity configuration method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 100
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-grid system based on a SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) and an electricity-to-gas technology and a capacity configuration method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of micro-grids. The system comprises an alternating current bus and a load, a photovoltaic power generation unit, a wind power generation unit, an electrolysis unit, an SOFC power generation unit and a lithium battery which are connected with the alternating current bus. The capacity allocation method comprises the steps of generating the capacity or the number of each unit in the microgrid system according to objective function values in a decision variable constraint range of an optimization planning layer by operating an optimization planning layer model solving algorithm; the decision variable constraint range of the energy management layer is generated by combining environmental data, and an energy management scheme is solved and generated by using an energy management layer model solving algorithm according to an energy management strategy; and updating the objective function value of the optimization planning layer according to the energy management scheme, and repeating iteration. The method provides a new idea for improving the local consumption rate of the high-proportion new energy microgrid, and makes up the deficiency of the capacity configuration research of the existing microgrid with the SOFC by fully considering the dynamic and static characteristics of the SOFC.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-grids, in particular to a micro-grid system based on an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) and an electricity-to-gas technology and a capacity configuration method thereof.
Background
Under the background of shortage of fossil fuels and greenhouse effect, renewable energy sources are vigorously developed in the global scope, China makes a great strategic decision for realizing carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization, and the permeability of the renewable energy sources in a power grid is gradually improved. In recent years, distributed energy systems such as micro-grids based on wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation have received increasing attention.
The improvement of the permeability of the renewable energy in the microgrid is helpful for realizing self-sufficiency of the microgrid, but the renewable energy has strong randomness, volatility and intermittency, so that the reliability and the quality of electric energy supplied by the microgrid are more challenged. The Power to Gas (P2G) technology can convert the surplus Power into fuel such as hydrogen or methane for storage when the renewable energy Power supply is excessive, and can supply energy by using the stored fuel such as hydrogen or methane when the renewable energy Power supply is insufficient, so that the Power to Gas (P2G) technology has the advantages of high energy density, long storage time and the like. The Fuel Cell (FC) directly converts the electrochemical energy in the Fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, is not limited by Carnot cycle, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, silence, cleanness, various fuels and the like. The P2G technology is matched with the fuel cell technology, and is an effective way for improving the local utilization rate of renewable energy in the microgrid and ensuring the power supply reliability and the power quality of the microgrid.
The Fuel Cell can be mainly classified into 6 types according to the difference of electrolytes, wherein a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is a medium-high temperature Fuel Cell which does not need a noble metal catalyst, has the advantages of low manufacturing and maintenance cost, no electrode toxicity, no liquid leakage corrosion, long service life and the like compared with other Fuel cells, is a cogeneration device, and has wide application prospect in a park level microgrid. The SOFC has strong thermoelectric coupling characteristics, so that the maximum efficiency of different power points is different when steady-state load tracking is carried out, and the tracking time can reach minute level when dynamic load tracking is carried out. At present, most researches on the capacity configuration problem of the micro-grid comprising the SOFC simply consider the SOFC to be a controllable power generation device similar to a diesel generator and the like, and the dynamic and static load tracking characteristics of the SOFC cannot be fully considered, so that the SOFC cannot supply power at the maximum efficiency, fuel waste is caused, and the operation safety of the SOFC and the whole micro-grid is endangered. Therefore, how to carry out capacity optimization configuration on the SOFC-containing microgrid according to the SOFC dynamic and static load tracking characteristics becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention researches the capacity configuration problem of a micro-grid system based on a solid oxide fuel cell and an electricity-to-gas technology according to the dynamic and static load tracking characteristics and dynamic and static optimization analysis data of a pure hydrogen SOFC, provides the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and the electricity-to-gas technology and the capacity configuration method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem of capacity configuration of the micro-grid containing the solid oxide fuel cell so as to realize safe, stable and economic operation of the micro-grid containing the SOFC.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a microgrid system based on an SOFC and an electricity-to-gas technology, which comprises an alternating current bus, a first DC/AC conversion unit, an AC/AC conversion unit, a second DC/AC conversion unit, an AC/DC conversion unit and a DC/AC bidirectional conversion unit, wherein the alternating current bus is connected with a load, is connected with a photovoltaic power generation unit through the first DC/AC conversion unit, is connected with a wind power generation unit through the AC/AC conversion unit, is connected with an electrolysis unit through the AC/DC conversion unit, is connected with an SOFC power generation unit through the second DC/AC conversion unit, and is connected with a lithium battery through the DC/AC bidirectional conversion unit;
the photovoltaic power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing solar energy, the wind power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing wind energy, the electrolysis unit is used for electrolyzing and generating hydrogen and storing the hydrogen, the SOFC power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing the hydrogen, and the lithium battery is used for matching with the SOFC power generation unit to perform dynamic load tracking and store redundant electric quantity;
the alternating-current bus is connected with a superior power grid through a grid-connected switch, and the grid-connected switch is used for controlling the grid-connected or off-grid operation of the micro-grid system.
Has the advantages that: when the sum of the power of the photovoltaic power generation unit, the power of the wind power generation unit and the power of the SOFC power generation unit cannot meet the load requirement, a superior power grid connected with the micro power grid supplies power; when the sum of the power of the photovoltaic power generation unit, the power of the wind power generation unit and the power of the SOFC power generation unit is larger than the load demand, the surplus electric energy is not transmitted to the upper-level power grid, and wind and light are abandoned. By optimizing the wind and light abandoning amount of the microgrid and the investment cost of the microgrid, the capacity of each power generation unit of the microgrid is reasonably configured, and self-sufficiency is ensured as much as possible.
The invention also provides a capacity configuration method of the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and the electricity-to-gas technology, which comprises the following steps:
(1) determining an objective function, a decision variable constraint range, a model solving algorithm and a model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the optimization planning layer, and determining an objective function, a model solving algorithm and a model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the energy management layer;
(2) running the optimization planning layer model solving algorithm, and generating the capacity or the number of each unit in the microgrid system according to the objective function value of the optimization planning layer within the decision variable constraint range of the optimization planning layer;
(3) obtaining a decision variable constraint range of the energy management layer according to the obtained capacity or number of each unit in the microgrid system and environmental data such as wind speed, irradiation intensity, temperature and the like, and solving and generating an energy management scheme by adopting an energy management layer model solution algorithm according to an energy management strategy;
(4) and (3) judging whether an iteration termination condition of the optimized planning layer model solving algorithm is reached, if so, terminating iteration to obtain the capacity configuration scheme of the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and the electricity-to-gas technology, otherwise, updating the objective function value of the optimized planning layer according to the energy management scheme, and returning to the step (2).
Further, the energy management policy in step (3) specifically includes:
(3.1) determining the minimum power SOFC of the SOFC power generation unit according to the capacity or number of each unit in the obtained microgrid system and the environmental dataminAnd maximum generated power SOFCmaxObtaining the maximum generating power P of the photovoltaic power generation unit and the wind power generation unit in each delta t time periodPV(t) and PWT(t) at each Δ t period: determining the transient process time length delta t1 and the steady state process time length delta t according to the generated power of the SOFC generating unit at the current moment and the target generated power2＝Δt-Δt1If P isPV(t)、PWT(t) and SOFCminThe sum is greater than or equal to the load power Pload(t), i.e. PPV(t)+PWT(t)+SOFCmin≥Pload(t), at the moment, the superior power grid does not supply power, and the step (3.2.1) is carried out; otherwise, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, the electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit is 0, and the step (3.3.1) is carried out;
(3.2.1) during the transient state, the power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to the SOFCminAnd the lithium battery is charged and meets the requirement that the integral power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is the SOFCmin(ii) a Calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap1＝PPV(t)+PWT(t)+SOFCmin-Pload(t) if the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell
Satisfies the following conditions:
the electrolysis unit is supplied with gap1The power electrolysis hydrogen production, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, and wind and light abandoning cannot be generated, otherwise, the electrolysis unit operates in a mode of
The power is electrolyzed to prepare hydrogen, the actual output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit is less than the maximum output power thereof, and the wind abandoned light is generated with the power of
Monitoring hydrogen storage at the end of transient process
And SOC value of lithium battery
(3.2.2) in the steady state process, the output power of the SOFC power generation unit is SOFCminDetermining the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell
And maximum charging power of lithium battery
If it is not
Will be gap1The power is distributed to the lithium battery for charging and the electrolysis unit for electrolytic hydrogen production, and the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode without abandoningWind abandons light, otherwise, lithium battery
Power charging, electrolysis unit and
the power is electrolyzed to prepare hydrogen, the actual output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit is less than the maximum output power thereof, and the wind abandoned light is generated with the power of
Calculating the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the steady state process
And the SOC value of the lithium battery
(3.3.1) calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap2＝Pload(t)-PPV(t)-PWT(t) during the transient, if gap2Greater than the maximum power generation of the SOFC power generation unit, i.e. gap2＞SOFCmaxAdjusting the power of the SOFC power generation unit to the SOFCmaxThe lithium battery discharges and meets the requirement that the integral power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is the SOFCmaxThe upper level of the power grid supplies power with gap2-SOFCmaxOtherwise, the upper-level power grid does not supply power, and the power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to the gap2If the SOFC power generation unit has the current power PSOFC(t) is at least gap2And the lithium battery is charged, and the requirement of the integral generating power of the SOFC generating unit and the lithium battery is gap2Otherwise, the lithium battery discharges and the integral generating power of the SOFC generating unit and the lithium battery is satisfied to be gap2B, carrying out the following steps of; monitoring hydrogen storage at the end of transient process
And SOC value of lithium battery
(3.3.2) in the steady state process, the power supply state and the power supply power of the superior power grid are kept consistent with those in the step (3.3.1), and the charging and discharging power of the lithium battery is 0; calculating the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the steady state process
And the SOC value of the lithium battery
Further, the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit in step (3.2.1)
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
is the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit,
in order to have a hydrogen gas storage capacity,
for hydrogen storage at the moment of transient process start, HHVfuelIs high heat value of hydrogen, etaeleThe efficiency of the electrolysis equipment.
Further, the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit in step (3.2.2)
And maximum charging power of lithium battery
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
is the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit,
in order to have a hydrogen gas storage capacity,
the hydrogen storage amount at the start time of the steady state process, that is, the hydrogen storage amount at the end time of the transient process
Mfuel(t) the molar rate of hydrogen consumption, HHV, by the SOFC power generation unitfuelIs high heat value of hydrogen, etaeleTo the efficiency of the electrolysis apparatus;
wherein ,
the inherent maximum charging power of the lithium battery, C the capacity of the lithium battery, SOCmaxIs the maximum SOC value of the lithium battery,
the SOC value of the lithium battery at the starting moment of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the ending moment of the transient-state process
Sigma is the self-discharge ratio of the lithium battery per hour,
is lithiumThe efficiency of the battery charging.
Further, the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the steady state process in step (3.2.2) and step (3.3.2)
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,Mfuel-ele(t) is the rate of hydrogen production by electrolysis,
Peles(t) is the electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit etaeleFor electrolytic cell efficiency, HHVfuelHigh heat value of hydrogen, Mfuel(t) is the molar rate at which hydrogen is consumed by the SOFC power generation unit.
Further, the SOC value of the lithium battery at the end of the steady state process in the step (3.2.2) and the step (3.3.2)
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
the SOC value of the lithium battery at the starting moment of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the ending moment of the transient-state process
Sigma is the self-discharge ratio of the lithium battery per hour, C is the capacity of the lithium battery,
the power for charging the lithium battery is charged,
and charging efficiency of the lithium battery is improved.
Preferably, the optimizing a planning layer objective function in the step (1) specifically includes:
annual investment cost C of microgrid systemsystemMinimum size
wherein ,
is the investment cost of the ith unit in the whole life cycle of the microgrid system,
is the annual operating maintenance cost, gamma, of the ith unit in the microgrid systemiIs the capital recovery factor of the ith unit,
Irrepresenting annual interest rate, niIs the lifetime of the ith cell;
annual wind and light abandoning amount R of microgrid systemsystemMinimum size
wherein ,Pwaste(t) wind-abandon and light-abandon power in a time interval of delta t, Ptotal(t) is the sum of the maximum power generation power of the wind power generation unit and the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic power generation unit in a delta t period in the microgrid system;
the energy management layer objective function specifically includes:
annual net income E of microgrid systemnetMaximum:
maxEnet＝Eincome-Cspending
wherein ,EincomeFor the annual total income of the micro-grid system,including load gain EloadAnd sale of oxygen revenue EoxygenTwo items are provided, namely, a first item,
αsellfor selling electricity, Pload(t) is the load power, αoxygenFor the price of oxygen sale, xoxygen(t) is the oxygen production, and the specific calculation mode is as follows:
wherein ,Mfuel-ele(t) is the rate of hydrogen production by electrolysis,
Peles(t) is the electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit etaeleFor electrolytic cell efficiency, HHVfuelHigh calorific value of hydrogen gas; cspendingThe annual total cost of the micro-grid system comprises one item of electricity purchasing cost to a superior grid,
for purchasing electricity for the upper-level grid, PgridAnd (t) purchasing electric power to the upper-level power grid.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and the electricity-to-gas technology and the capacity configuration method thereof are provided according to the SOFC dynamic and static load tracking characteristics. The micro-grid system provided by the invention provides a new idea for improving the local consumption rate of the high-proportion new energy micro-grid, and the capacity configuration method provided by the invention makes up the deficiency of the existing micro-grid containing the SOFC in capacity configuration research by fully considering the dynamic and static characteristics of the SOFC, and lays a theoretical foundation for realizing the application of the SOFC in the micro-grid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a micro-grid architecture based on solid oxide fuel cells and electro-gas technology;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a micro grid capacity configuration based on solid oxide fuel cells and electro-conversion technology;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of energy management of a micro grid based on solid oxide fuel cells and electric gas conversion technology.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a micro-grid system based on an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) and an electricity-to-gas technology, which comprises an alternating current bus, a first DC/AC (direct current/alternating current) converting unit, an AC/AC converting unit, a second DC/AC converting unit, an AC/DC converting unit and a DC/AC bidirectional converting unit, wherein the alternating current bus is connected with a photovoltaic power generation unit through the first DC/AC converting unit, a wind power generation unit through the AC/AC converting unit, an electrolysis unit through the AC/DC converting unit, an SOFC power generation unit through the second DC/AC converting unit, and a lithium battery and a load through the DC/AC bidirectional converting unit;
the photovoltaic power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing solar energy, the wind power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing wind energy, the electrolysis unit is used for electrolyzing and generating hydrogen and storing the hydrogen, the SOFC power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing the hydrogen, and the lithium battery is used for matching with the SOFC power generation unit to perform dynamic load tracking and store redundant electric quantity;
the alternating-current bus is connected with a superior power grid through a grid-connected switch, and the grid-connected switch is used for controlling the grid-connected or off-grid operation of the micro-grid system.
The invention also provides a capacity configuration method of the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and the electricity-to-gas technology, as shown in FIG. 2, the capacity configuration method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining an objective function, a decision variable constraint range, a model solving algorithm and a model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the optimization planning layer, and determining an objective function, a model solving algorithm and a model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the energy management layer;
(2) running the optimization planning layer model solving algorithm, and generating the capacity or the number of each unit in the microgrid system according to the objective function value of the optimization planning layer within the decision variable constraint range of the optimization planning layer;
(3) obtaining a decision variable constraint range of the energy management layer according to the obtained capacity or number of each unit in the microgrid system and environmental data such as wind speed, irradiation intensity, temperature and the like, and solving and generating an energy management scheme by adopting an energy management layer model solution algorithm according to an energy management strategy;
(4) and (3) judging whether an iteration termination condition of the optimized planning layer model solving algorithm is reached, if so, terminating iteration to obtain the capacity configuration scheme of the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and the electricity-to-gas technology, otherwise, updating the objective function value of the optimized planning layer according to the energy management scheme, and returning to the step (2).
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the energy management policy in step (3) specifically includes:
(3.1) determining the minimum power SOFC of the SOFC power generation unit according to the capacity or number of each unit in the obtained microgrid system and the environmental dataminAnd maximum generated power SOFCmaxObtaining the maximum generating power P of the photovoltaic power generation unit and the wind power generation unit in each delta t time periodPV(t) and PWT(t) at each Δ t period: determining the transient process time length delta t1 and the steady state process time length delta t according to the generated power of the SOFC generating unit at the current moment and the target generated power2＝Δt-Δt1If P isPV(t)、PWT(t) and SOFCminThe sum is greater than or equal to the load power Pload(t)，I.e. PPV(t)+PWT(t)+SOFCmin≥Pload(t), at the moment, the superior power grid does not supply power, and the step (3.2.1) is carried out; otherwise, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, the electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit is 0, and the step (3.3.1) is carried out;
(3.2.1) during the transient state, the power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to the SOFCminAnd the lithium battery is charged and meets the requirement that the integral power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is the SOFCmin(ii) a Calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap1＝PPV(t)+PWT(t)+SOFCmin-Pload(t) if the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell
Satisfies the following conditions:
the electrolysis unit is supplied with gap1The power electrolysis hydrogen production, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, and wind and light abandoning cannot be generated, otherwise, the electrolysis unit operates in a mode of
The power is electrolyzed to prepare hydrogen, the actual output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit is less than the maximum output power thereof, and the wind abandoned light is generated with the power of
Monitoring hydrogen storage at the end of transient process
And SOC value of lithium battery
(3.2.2) in the steady state process, the output power of the SOFC power generation unit is SOFCminDetermining the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell
And maximum charging power of lithium battery
If it is not
Will be gap1The power is distributed to the lithium battery for charging and the electrolysis unit for electrolytic hydrogen production, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, wind and light abandoning cannot be generated, and otherwise, the lithium battery adopts a lithium battery
Power charging, electrolysis unit and
the power is electrolyzed to prepare hydrogen, the actual output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit is less than the maximum output power thereof, and the wind abandoned light is generated with the power of
Calculating the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the steady state process
And the SOC value of the lithium battery
(3.3.1) calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap2＝Pload(t)-PPV(t)-PWT(t) during the transient, if gap2Greater than the maximum power generation of the SOFC power generation unit, i.e. gap2＞SOFCmaxAdjusting the power of the SOFC power generation unit to the SOFCmaxThe lithium battery discharges and meets the requirement that the integral power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is the SOFCmaxThe upper level of the power grid supplies power with gap2-SOFCmaxOtherwise, the upper-level power grid does not supply power, and the power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to the gap2If the SOFC power generation unit has the current power PSOFC(t) is at least gap2And the lithium battery is charged, and the requirement of the integral generating power of the SOFC generating unit and the lithium battery is gap2Otherwise, the lithium battery discharges and the integral generating power of the SOFC generating unit and the lithium battery is satisfied to be gap2B, carrying out the following steps of; monitoring hydrogen storage at the end of transient process
And SOC value of lithium battery
(3.3.2) in the steady state process, the power supply state and the power supply power of the superior power grid are kept consistent with those in the step (3.3.1), and the charging and discharging power of the lithium battery is 0; calculating the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the steady state process
And the SOC value of the lithium battery
Specifically, the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit in step (3.2.1)
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
is the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit,
in order to have a hydrogen gas storage capacity,
for hydrogen storage at the moment of transient process start, HHVfuelIs high heat value of hydrogen, etaeleThe efficiency of the electrolysis equipment.
In particular, the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell in step (3.2.2)
And maximum charging power of lithium battery
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
is the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit,
in order to have a hydrogen gas storage capacity,
the hydrogen storage amount at the start time of the steady state process, that is, the hydrogen storage amount at the end time of the transient process
Mfuel(t) the molar rate of hydrogen consumption, HHV, by the SOFC power generation unitfuelIs high heat value of hydrogen, etaeleTo the efficiency of the electrolysis apparatus;
wherein ,
the inherent maximum charging power of the lithium battery, C the capacity of the lithium battery, SOCmaxIs the maximum SO of the lithium batteryThe value of C is the sum of the values of,
the SOC value of the lithium battery at the starting moment of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the ending moment of the transient-state process
Sigma is the self-discharge ratio of the lithium battery per hour,
and charging efficiency of the lithium battery is improved.
Specifically, the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the steady state process in step (3.2.2) and step (3.3.2)
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,Mfuel-ele(t) is the rate of hydrogen production by electrolysis,
Peles(t) is the electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit etaeleFor electrolytic cell efficiency, HHVfuelHigh heat value of hydrogen, Mfuel(t) is the molar rate at which hydrogen is consumed by the SOFC power generation unit.
Specifically, the SOC value of the lithium battery at the end of the steady state process in step (3.2.2) and step (3.3.2)
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
the SOC value of the lithium battery at the starting moment of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the ending moment of the transient-state process
Sigma is the self-discharge ratio of the lithium battery per hour, C is the capacity of the lithium battery,
the power for charging the lithium battery is charged,
and charging efficiency of the lithium battery is improved.
Specifically, the optimizing a planning layer objective function in step (1) specifically includes:
annual investment cost C of microgrid systemsystemMinimum size
wherein ,
is the investment cost of the ith unit in the whole life cycle of the microgrid system,
is the annual operating maintenance cost, gamma, of the ith unit in the microgrid systemiIs the capital recovery factor of the ith unit,
Irrepresenting annual interest rate, niIs the lifetime of the ith cell;
annual wind and light abandoning amount R of microgrid systemsystemMinimum size
wherein ,Pwaste(t) wind-abandon and light-abandon power in a time interval of delta t, Ptotal(t) is the sum of the maximum power generation power of the wind power generation unit and the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic power generation unit in a delta t period in the microgrid system;
the energy management layer objective function specifically includes:
annual net income E of microgrid systemnetMaximum:
maxEnet＝Eincome-Cspending
wherein ,EincomeFor the annual total income of the micro-grid system, including the load income EloadAnd sale of oxygen revenue EoxygenTwo items are provided, namely, a first item,
αsellfor selling electricity, Pload(t) is the load power, αoxygenFor the price of oxygen sale, xoxygen(t) is the oxygen production, and the specific calculation mode is as follows:
wherein ,Mfuel-ele(t) is the rate of hydrogen production by electrolysis,
Peles(t) is the electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit etaeleFor electrolytic cell efficiency, HHVfuelHigh calorific value of hydrogen gas; cspendingThe annual total cost of the micro-grid system comprises one item of electricity purchasing cost to a superior grid,
for purchasing electricity for the upper-level grid, PgridAnd (t) purchasing electric power to the upper-level power grid.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A microgrid system based on an SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) and an electricity-to-gas technology is characterized by comprising an alternating current bus, a first DC/AC (direct current/alternating current) converting unit, an AC/AC converting unit, a second DC/AC converting unit, an AC/DC converting unit and a DC/AC bidirectional converting unit, wherein a load is connected to the alternating current bus, a photovoltaic power generation unit is connected through the first DC/AC converting unit, a wind power generation unit is connected through the AC/AC converting unit, an electrolysis unit is connected through the AC/DC converting unit, an SOFC power generation unit is connected through the second DC/AC converting unit, and a lithium battery is connected through the DC/AC bidirectional converting unit;
the photovoltaic power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing solar energy, the wind power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing wind energy, the electrolysis unit is used for electrolyzing and generating hydrogen and storing the hydrogen, the SOFC power generation unit is used for generating power by utilizing the hydrogen, and the lithium battery is used for matching with the SOFC power generation unit to perform dynamic load tracking and store redundant electric quantity.
2. The microgrid system of claim 1, wherein the alternating current bus is connected with a superior power grid through a grid-connected switch, and the grid-connected switch is used for controlling grid-connected or off-grid operation of the microgrid system.
3. The SOFC and electric gas conversion technology-based microgrid system capacity configuration method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, a microgrid system capacity configuration model is constructed, and the microgrid system capacity configuration model is divided into an upper optimization planning layer and a lower energy management layer, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining an objective function, a decision variable constraint range, a model solving algorithm and a model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the optimization planning layer, and determining an objective function, a model solving algorithm and a model solving algorithm termination iteration condition of the energy management layer;
(2) running the optimization planning layer model solving algorithm, and generating the capacity or the number of each unit in the microgrid system according to the objective function value of the optimization planning layer within the decision variable constraint range of the optimization planning layer;
(3) obtaining a decision variable constraint range of the energy management layer according to the obtained capacity or number of each unit in the microgrid system and environmental data, and solving and generating an energy management scheme by adopting an energy management layer model solution algorithm according to an energy management strategy;
(4) and (3) judging whether an iteration termination condition of the optimized planning layer model solving algorithm is reached, if so, terminating iteration to obtain the capacity configuration scheme of the micro-grid system based on the SOFC and the electricity-to-gas technology, otherwise, updating the objective function value of the optimized planning layer according to the energy management scheme, and returning to the step (2).
4. The capacity configuration method according to claim 3, wherein the energy management policy in step (3) specifically includes:
(3.1) determining the minimum power SOFC of the SOFC power generation unit according to the capacity or number of each unit in the obtained microgrid system and the environmental dataminAnd maximum generated power SOFCmaxObtaining the maximum generating power P of the photovoltaic power generation unit and the wind power generation unit in each delta t time periodPV(t) and PWT(t) at each Δ t period: determining the transient process time length delta t1 and the steady state process time length delta t according to the generated power of the SOFC generating unit at the current moment and the target generated power2＝Δt-Δt1If P isPV(t)、PWT(t) and SOFCminThe sum is greater than or equal to the load power Pload(t), i.e. PPV(t)+PWT(t)+SOFCmin≥Pload(t), at the moment, the superior power grid does not supply power, and the step (3.2.1) is carried out; otherwise, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, the electrolytic power of the electrolytic unit is 0, and the step (3.3.1) is carried out;
(3.2.1) during the transient state, the power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to the SOFCminAnd the lithium battery is charged and meets the requirement that the integral power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is the SOFCmin(ii) a Calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap1＝PPV(t)+PWT(t)+SOFCmin-Pload(t) if the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell
Satisfies the following conditions:
the electrolysis unit is supplied with gap1The power electrolysis hydrogen production, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, and wind and light abandoning cannot be generated, otherwise, the electrolysis unit operates in a mode of
The power is electrolyzed to prepare hydrogen, the actual output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit is less than the maximum output power thereof, and the wind abandoned light is generated with the power of
Monitoring hydrogen storage at the end of transient process
And SOC value of lithium battery
(3.2.2) in the steady state process, the output power of the SOFC power generation unit is SOFCminDetermining the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell
And maximum charging power of lithium battery
If it is not
Will be gap1Power distribution to lithium battery charging and electrolysisThe unit electrolysis hydrogen production, the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit operate in a maximum power tracking mode, and wind and light abandoning cannot be generated, otherwise, the lithium battery adopts
Power charging, electrolysis unit and
the power is electrolyzed to prepare hydrogen, the actual output power of the wind power generation unit and the photovoltaic power generation unit is less than the maximum output power thereof, and the wind abandoned light is generated with the power of
Calculating the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the steady state process
And the SOC value of the lithium battery
(3.3.1) calculating to obtain a power difference value: gap2＝Pload(t)-PPV(t)-PWT(t) during the transient, if gap2Greater than the maximum power generation of the SOFC power generation unit, i.e. gap2＞SOFCmaxAdjusting the power of the SOFC power generation unit to the SOFCmaxThe lithium battery discharges and meets the requirement that the integral power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit and the lithium battery is the SOFCmaxThe upper level of the power grid supplies power with gap2-SOFCmaxOtherwise, the upper-level power grid does not supply power, and the power generation power of the SOFC power generation unit is adjusted to the gap2If the SOFC power generation unit has the current power PSOFC(t) is at least gap2And the lithium battery is charged, and the requirement of the integral generating power of the SOFC generating unit and the lithium battery is gap2Otherwise, the lithium battery discharges and the integral generating power of the SOFC generating unit and the lithium battery is satisfied to be gap2(ii) a Monitoring hydrogen storage at the end of transient process
And SOC value of lithium battery
(3.3.2) in the steady state process, the power supply state and the power supply power of the superior power grid are kept consistent with those in the step (3.3.1), and the charging and discharging power of the lithium battery is 0; calculating the amount of hydrogen stored at the end of the steady state process
And the SOC value of the lithium battery
5. The capacity allocation method according to claim 4, characterized in that the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell in step (3.2.1)
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
is the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit,
in order to have a hydrogen gas storage capacity,
for hydrogen storage at the moment of transient process start, HHVfuelIs high heat value of hydrogen, etaeleThe efficiency of the electrolysis equipment.
6. The capacity allocation method according to claim 4, characterized in that the maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis cell in step (3.2.2)
And maximum charging power of lithium battery
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
is the inherent maximum electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit,
in order to have a hydrogen gas storage capacity,
the hydrogen storage amount at the start time of the steady state process, that is, the hydrogen storage amount at the end time of the transient process
Mfuel(t) the molar rate of hydrogen consumption, HHV, by the SOFC power generation unitfuelIs high heat value of hydrogen, etaeleTo the efficiency of the electrolysis apparatus;
wherein ,
for inherent maximum charge of lithium batteryElectric power, C is the lithium battery capacity, SOCmaxIs the maximum SOC value of the lithium battery,
the SOC value of the lithium battery at the starting moment of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the ending moment of the transient-state process
Sigma is the self-discharge ratio of the lithium battery per hour,
and charging efficiency of the lithium battery is improved.
7. The capacity allocation method according to claim 4, wherein the hydrogen storage amount at the end of the steady state process in step (3.2.2) and step (3.3.2)
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,Mfuel-ele(t) is the rate of hydrogen production by electrolysis,
Peles(t) is the electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit etaeleFor electrolytic cell efficiency, HHVfuelHigh heat value of hydrogen, Mfuel(t) is the molar rate at which hydrogen is consumed by the SOFC power generation unit.
8. The capacity allocation method of claim 4, wherein the SOC value of the lithium battery at the end of the steady state process in step (3.2.2) and step (2.3.2)
Comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
the SOC value of the lithium battery at the starting moment of the steady-state process is the SOC value of the lithium battery at the ending moment of the transient-state process
Sigma is the self-discharge ratio of the lithium battery per hour, C is the capacity of the lithium battery,
the power for charging the lithium battery is charged,
and charging efficiency of the lithium battery is improved.
9. The capacity allocation method according to claim 3, wherein the optimizing a planning layer objective function in the step (1) specifically includes:
annual investment cost C of microgrid systemsystemMinimum size
wherein ,
is the investment cost of the ith unit in the whole life cycle of the microgrid system,
is the annual operating maintenance cost, gamma, of the ith unit in the microgrid systemiIs the capital recovery factor of the ith unit,
Irrepresenting annual interest rate, niIs the lifetime of the ith cell;
annual wind and light abandoning amount R of microgrid systemsystemMinimum size
wherein ,Pwaste(t) wind-abandon and light-abandon power in a time interval of delta t, Ptotal(t) is the sum of the maximum power generation power of the wind power generation unit and the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic power generation unit in a delta t period in the microgrid system;
the energy management layer objective function specifically includes:
annual net income E of microgrid systemnetMaximum:
max Enet＝Eincome-Cspending
wherein ,EincomeFor the annual total income of the micro-grid system, including the load income EloadAnd sale of oxygen revenue EoxygenTwo items are provided, namely, a first item,
αsellfor selling electricity, Pload(t) is the load power, αoxygenFor the price of oxygen sale, xoxygen(t) is the oxygen production amount; cspendingThe annual total cost of the micro-grid system comprises one item of electricity purchasing cost to a superior grid,
αgridfor purchasing electricity for the upper-level grid, PgridAnd (t) purchasing electric power to the upper-level power grid.
10. The capacity allocation method according to claim 9, wherein the oxygen generation amount is calculated in a specific manner as follows:
wherein ,Mfuel-ele(t) is the rate of hydrogen production by electrolysis,
Peles(t) is the electrolysis power of the electrolysis unit etaeleFor electrolytic cell efficiency, HHVfuelIs hydrogen gas with high heat value.
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