CN116612245B - Beach topography construction method, system and storage medium based on video image - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a beach topography construction method, a system and a storage medium based on video images, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, obtaining a time-averaged image of a beach to be monitored in a shooting time period through a plurality of camera devices; s2, converting the time-averaged image into a plane geographic coordinate system top view; s3, extracting the edge of the plane geographic coordinate system top view to obtain a digital water edge; s4, carrying out high Cheng Fuzhi on the digital water edge line; s5, repeating the steps S1 to S4 in a complete tidal cycle, and analyzing to obtain a digital elevation model, any position section and any gradient of the intertidal zone of the beach; s6, repeating the steps S1 to S3 for the micro-landforms in a complete tide cycle, and embedding the digital elevation model of the micro-landforms into the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach to obtain a high-precision and fine digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach; and/or S7, correcting the digital water edge line to an average high tide line according to the development rule of the beach section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of beach topography construction, in particular to a beach topography construction method, a beach topography construction system and a beach topography construction storage medium based on video images.
Background
Beach refers to a shore formed by accumulation of sediment sand or gravel by sea water transportation, and can be classified into gravel beach (pebble beach), coarse sand beach, and fine sand beach. The beach is a precious coastal homeland resource, is also an important carrier of a coastal ecosystem, and has important social and economic values and ecological values. The method is influenced by the rising of sea level, the aggravation of storm surge and the activities of human beings, about 70% of beaches in China are eroded and degenerated to different degrees, and effective means are urgently needed for more adaptively monitoring the seabeach.
The stable acquisition of coastline, all-terrain and other observation data is the premise and key for developing beach monitoring research. The existing method for monitoring the related data of the beach needs to be manually measured in the field, and has huge cost and difficult operation under extreme and important events such as storm surge and the like. The birth of video monitoring technology provides new data support for beach dynamic landform information extraction, but the video monitoring technology can only acquire surface information such as images of the beach, and the like, and the prior art is difficult to correspondingly process the video, the images and the like to acquire deep information such as high-frequency and high-precision beach shorelines, all-terrain and the like.
The invention aims at solving the problems existing in the prior art and designing a beach topography construction method, a beach topography construction system and a beach topography construction storage medium based on video images.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a beach topography construction method, a beach topography construction system and a beach topography construction storage medium based on video images, which can effectively solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a beach topography construction method based on video images comprises the following steps:
s1, performing field full coverage on a beach to be monitored through a plurality of camera devices, collecting beach video to be monitored, and calculating and obtaining a time-average image of the beach to be monitored in a shooting time period;
s2, converting the time-averaged image into a plane geographic coordinate system top view according to the positions and the shooting parameters of a plurality of shooting devices;
s3, extracting the edge of the plane geographic coordinate system top view to obtain a water land edge line, and vectorizing the water land edge line into a digital water edge line;
s4, carrying out high Cheng Fuzhi on the digital water edge line to obtain a digital water edge line with elevation assignment;
s5, repeating the steps S1-S4 every first time on the beach in a complete tidal cycle to obtain digital water edges of elevation assignment at different tides as the contour lines of the intertidal zones of the beach, and obtaining a digital elevation model, any position section and gradient of the intertidal zones of the beach according to the contour lines of the intertidal zones of the beach;
S6, repeating the steps S1-S3 for the micro-landforms every second time in a complete tide cycle, wherein the second time is smaller than the first time, editing the digital water edge of the micro-landforms with high precision to obtain a high-resolution digital water edge of Cheng Fuzhi at different tides as a contour line of the micro-landforms, analyzing to obtain a digital elevation model of the micro-landforms, and embedding the digital elevation model of the micro-landforms into the digital elevation model of the beach intertidal zone to obtain a high-precision refined digital elevation model of the beach intertidal zone; and/or
And S7, correcting the digital water side line to an average high tide line according to the development rule of the beach section to obtain a standard beach line.
Further, the performing, by using a plurality of camera devices, full coverage of the field of view on the beach to be monitored includes:
installing a plurality of camera devices at a near-shore high point, setting a plurality of ground control points on the beach to be monitored, adjusting the visual field range of each camera device to cover more than or equal to 6 ground control points, and fully covering the visual field of the beach to be monitored by all the camera devices.
Further, the converting the time-averaged image into a planar geographic coordinate system top view according to the positions and the shooting parameters of the plurality of shooting devices includes:
Acquiring imaging parameters (alpha, tau, theta) of the imaging device, wherein alpha is the azimuth angle of the imaging device, tau is the pitch angle of the imaging device, and theta is the lateral tilt angle of the imaging device;
acquiring a world coordinate system position (X) of the image pickup device c , Y c , Z c )；
Converting the time-averaged image into a planar geographic coordinate system top view through formulas 1-3:
(equation 1)
(equation 2)
(equation 3)
Wherein, (u) 0 , v 0 ) Representing the image coordinates of any observation point on the time-averaged image, (u) c , v c ) Representing the principal point of the time-averaged image, f representing the focal length of the imaging device, m 11 ，m 12 ，m 13 ，m 21 ，m 22 ，m 23 ，m 31 ，m 32 ，m 33 M corresponds to a parameter in a direction matrix M of the angular observation angle (α, τ, θ), (X) o , Y o , Z o ) Representation (u) o ，v o ) Corresponding transformed planar geographic coordinates.
Further, the extracting the edge of the planar geographic coordinate system top view to obtain a land edge line includes: processing the plane geographic coordinate system top view through a structure forest edge detection algorithm to obtain an amphibious edge line; and/or
Said vectoring said amphibious edge line to a digital water edge line comprises: and carrying out binarization reclassification on the amphibious edge line, and then calculating and generating a digital water edge line through a vectorization algorithm.
Further, the performing high Cheng Fuzhi on the digital water edge line includes:
the digital water edge is high Cheng Fuzhi by equation 4,
(equation 4)
Wherein,z sl the elevation of the water edge line is indicated,z o representing the elevation of the offshore water level of the combination of astronomical tides and weather,η sl indicating that the water is increased by the waves,z s representing oscillations in the elevation of the water edge caused by wave climbing.
Further, the first time is 1 hour, and/or
The method for obtaining the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach, the section at any position and the gradient according to the contour analysis of the intertidal zone of the beach comprises the following steps:
based on the contour line of the intertidal zone of the beach, a Delaunay triangulation method is used for constructing an irregular triangular mesh model of the intertidal zone, grid conversion and surface analysis are carried out on the irregular triangular mesh model of the intertidal zone with a first spatial resolution, and the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach, the arbitrary position section and the gradient are obtained.
Further, step S6 includes:
repeating the step S1-the step S3 for the micro-relief every second time, wherein the second time is 0.5 hour;
processing the micro-landforms through visual interpretation and GIS editing precision processing, and extracting high-precision elevation contours through an auxiliary water-edge automatic extraction algorithm to obtain high-precision elevation assigned digital water-edge lines at different tides as contour lines of the micro-landforms;
Constructing a micro-landform irregular triangular net model by using a Delaunay triangulation method, and carrying out grid conversion and surface analysis on the micro-landform irregular triangular net model with a second spatial resolution, wherein the second spatial resolution is higher than the first spatial resolution, so as to obtain a digital elevation model of the micro-landform;
and embedding the digital elevation model of the microtopography into the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach to obtain the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach with high precision and refinement.
Further, the correcting the digital water edge line to an average high tide climax line according to the development rule of the beach section comprises: correcting the digital water side line to an average high tide line according to the development rule of the beach section through a formula 5,
(equation 5)
Wherein,xfor the corrected distance between the digital water edge and the average high tide line,his the depth of water, the water is in the water,Aas a parameter of the cross-sectional dimension,mis a coefficient.
The system for extracting the coastline and/or three-dimensional intertidal zone landform of the beach based on the video image is further provided and used for realizing the method for constructing the landform and the landform of the beach based on the video image, and comprises the following modules:
the time-average image calculation module is used for acquiring the beach video to be monitored, and calculating and obtaining a time-average image of the beach to be monitored in a shooting time period;
The plane geographic coordinate conversion module is used for converting the time-average image into a plane geographic coordinate system top view according to the positions and the shooting parameters of a plurality of shooting devices;
the digital water edge line generation module is used for extracting the edge of the plane geographic coordinate system top view to obtain a water edge line, and vectorizing the water edge line into a digital water edge line;
the elevation assignment module is used for carrying out height Cheng Fuzhi on the digital water edge line to obtain an elevation assigned digital water edge line;
the system comprises a beach intertidal zone analysis module, a beach intertidal zone analysis module and a control module, wherein the beach intertidal zone analysis module is used for repeating the steps S1-S4 every first time to obtain digital water edges with elevation assignment at different tides as beach intertidal zone contour lines, and obtaining a beach intertidal zone digital elevation model, any position section and gradient according to the beach intertidal zone contour line analysis;
the high-precision refined digital elevation model generation module of the beach intertidal zone is used for repeating the steps S1-S3 of the micro-landform every second time within a complete tidal cycle, the second time is smaller than the first time, the digital water edge of the micro-landform is edited with high precision, the high-resolution digital water edge of high Cheng Fuzhi at different tides is obtained as the contour line of the micro-landform, the digital elevation model of the micro-landform is obtained through analysis, and the digital elevation model of the micro-landform is inlaid into the digital elevation model of the beach intertidal zone to obtain the high-precision refined digital elevation model of the beach intertidal zone; and/or
And the standard coastline correction module is used for correcting the digital water side line to an average high tide and high tide line according to the development rule of the beach section to obtain the standard beach coastline.
There is further provided a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the method of beach topography construction based on video images.
Accordingly, the present invention provides the following effects and/or advantages:
according to the method, the device and the system, the beach is shot with videos, time-averaged images obtained through video calculation are subjected to coordinate system conversion, digital water side line extraction, water side line elevation assignment, three-dimensional topography extraction of a tidal zone, fine processing of a beach micro-geomorphic structure and the like, beach shoreline correction based on a balance profile principle can be achieved, a digital elevation model of the tidal zone of the beach, any position profile, gradient and standard coastline can be obtained, deep level changes of the beach to be monitored can be analyzed deeply through the data, and accordingly whether the beach to be monitored is in a state such as non-natural damage or natural development is judged.
The method for finely extracting and correcting the beach shoreline is constructed, and particularly, a novel fitting section model (S6) is provided for carrying out water level elevation correction, the water side lines in different tides are uniformly corrected to an average high tide climax line for convenient transverse comparison, the factors such as beach topography, tides and waves are comprehensively considered, and the accuracy of extracting the beach is improved.
According to the method, video monitoring is combined with a GIS technology, three-dimensional topography data of the intertidal zone is generated based on video images of a time sequence, and the three-dimensional topography data comprise TIN data, DEM data and profile and gradient data of any position, so that detailed information is provided for beach evolution research.
Aiming at the characteristics of small scale, high precision and centralized distribution of the micro-landforms of the beach, a strategy of feature embedding is provided, and the fine-processed micro-landforms DEM are embedded to the initial DEM, so that the detail expression of the micro-landforms of the beach is enhanced.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a forest edge detection algorithm.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a time-averaged image obtained from experimental data provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the transformed planar geographic coordinate system of fig. 3.
Figure 5 is a schematic view of the edge line of the land and water of figure 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the contour of the intertidal zone of the beach for a complete tidal cycle.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an intertidal zone irregular triangle constructed according to fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of arbitrary position profile data obtained from the analysis of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a graph of grade data from the analysis of fig. 7.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the results obtained by embedding the digital elevation model of the microtopography into the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a beach balance profile correction model.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding to those skilled in the art: it should be understood that the steps mentioned in this embodiment may be performed sequentially or sequentially, or may be performed simultaneously or partially simultaneously, as required.
Referring to fig. 1 to 11, a beach topography construction method based on video images includes the steps of:
s1, performing field full coverage on a beach to be monitored through a plurality of camera devices, collecting beach video to be monitored, and calculating and obtaining a time-average image of the beach to be monitored in a shooting time period;
in this step, the full coverage of the field of view refers to performing full coverage of the field of view of the beach to be detected, that is, the images or the video screens captured by the plurality of camera devices can cover the whole beach to be detected. Then, the videos are synchronously and jointly collected by a plurality of camera devices on the beach to be monitored, and then the videos obtained in the shooting time period are calculated by an image average algorithm to obtain a time-averaged image.
Specifically, 4-6 cameras can be installed at a near-shore high point, wherein the near-shore high point refers to an altitude of more than 20m, the field of view of the cameras is adjusted, and the beach to be monitored is fully covered. Then, the camera was set to continuously shoot video at a frequency of 2 Hz (two frames per second) within 10 minutes, each frame of image in the shot video was subjected to distortion correction based on the distortion coefficient k of the image pickup device itself, and then an average value was calculated for 1200 instantaneous images in a continuous 10-minute time series to obtain a time-averaged image.
S2, converting the time-averaged image into a plane geographic coordinate system top view according to the positions and the shooting parameters of a plurality of shooting devices;
the time-averaged image is obtained in step S1, that is, the image corresponds to the image in the image coordinates, and in this step, the image coordinates in the image are converted into the planar geographic coordinates, and the corresponding pixel points are simultaneously corresponding in the planar geographic coordinates, so as to form a planar geographic coordinate system top view. That is, the planar geographic coordinate system plan view obtained in this step is a planar, plan view projected picture.
Specifically, this step can be performed by establishing an image coordinate system (u o , v o ) And world coordinate system (X) o , Y o , Z o ) Is mapped to the mapping of (a). And converting the time-averaged image into a plane geographic coordinate system top view, namely an orthographic image. The orthographic image coordinate system is a planar geographic coordinate system and does not contain elevation values.
S3, extracting the edge of the plane geographic coordinate system top view to obtain a water land edge line, and vectorizing the water land edge line into a digital water edge line;
in this step, edge detection is performed on a planar geographic coordinate system top view to extract an amphibious edge line, which is then vectorized into a digital water edge line using ArcScan vectorization techniques.
S4, carrying out high Cheng Fuzhi on the digital water edge line to obtain a digital water edge line with elevation assignment;
the digital water edge is obtained in step S3, and the step is to perform elevation amplitude on the digital water edge, and the digital water edge can be increased Cheng Fuzhi at different moments by arranging a wave hygrometer, a buoy or a wave level radar on the beach to be monitored, measuring the tidal and wave parameters required by the calculation. The digital water edge line at different moments can also be increased Cheng Fuzhi by the information of the elevation of the coastal water level and the like combined with astronomical tides and weather. A digital water edge with an elevation value is obtained.
S5, repeating the steps S1-S4 every first time on the beach in a complete tidal cycle to obtain digital water edges of elevation assignment at different tides as the contour lines of the intertidal zones of the beach, and obtaining a digital elevation model, any position section and gradient of the intertidal zones of the beach according to the contour lines of the intertidal zones of the beach;
in the steps S1 to S4, the digital water edge of the elevation assignment in a certain time period is obtained. The steps are repeated in a complete tidal cycle by repeating the steps S1-S4, so as to obtain a plurality of digital water edges with heights Cheng Fuzhi corresponding to different moments. For example, steps S1 to S4 may be repeated every hour, so that 15 to 20 digital water edges assigned to elevations at different times of tide are obtained in a complete tidal cycle, and the digital water edges assigned to elevations at different times of tide are collected together, so that the contour of the intertidal zone can be obtained. And then analyzing to obtain the digital elevation model, the section at any position and the gradient of the intertidal zone of the beach.
S6, repeating the steps S1-S3 for the micro-landforms every second time in a complete tide cycle, wherein the second time is smaller than the first time, editing the digital water edge of the micro-landforms with high precision to obtain high-resolution high Cheng Fuzhi digital water edge at different tides as contour lines of the micro-landforms, analyzing to obtain digital elevation models of the micro-landforms, and embedding the digital elevation models of the micro-landforms into the digital elevation models of the beach intertidal zones to obtain high-precision refined digital elevation models of the beach intertidal zones;
In step S5, the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone, the arbitrary position profile, and the gradient of the entire beach are obtained. There is a great deal of detail on the microtopography that requires further data acquisition by this step. In this embodiment, the micro-topography refers to a relatively small-scale terrain on the beach, such as beach angles, beach shoulders, offshore sand dams, tidal ditches, and the like.
The step is to repeat the steps S1-S3 for the micro-relief every second time with less than the first time, namely to acquire the video data of the micro-relief at a higher frequency so as to calculate a time-averaged image of the higher frequency, then to perform high Cheng Fuzhi on the digital water edge line of the micro-relief with high precision so as to acquire a digital water edge line corresponding to the micro-relief, and the like, and the data of the micro-relief can be used for interpolating, embedding and inlaying the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the whole beach, thus adding the detailed data of the micro-relief on the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the whole beach, and further analyzing the evolution of the topography of the beach.
And/or
And S7, correcting the digital water side line to an average high tide line according to the development rule of the beach section to obtain a standard beach line.
In this step, S7 may be performed in synchronization with S5 to S6, or may be performed alone or may not be performed. In a natural state, the beach usually develops a concave equilibrium section, and the shape can be described by mathematical formulas. Therefore, the water edge line extracted in the previous step is a digital water edge line of the image shooting time, and in order to correct the digital water edge line to the average high tide level line, a fitting balance profile tide level correction model can be innovatively proposed. The development rule of the beach profile can be queried through querying a corresponding profile of the local sediment particle size, and the development rule can also be obtained through data fitting. And carrying out translation correction on the digital water edge line to obtain a standard beach line, and applying the standard beach line to beach evolution research.
According to the method, the high-precision and fine digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach, any position section, gradient and/or standard beach shoreline are obtained, the beach can be monitored through the data, the change condition of the beach can be observed, and the conditions of damage, natural evolution development and the like are known.
Some directions in which the present application may be optimized or embodied are described below.
Further, the performing, by using a plurality of camera devices, full coverage of the field of view on the beach to be monitored includes:
And installing a plurality of camera devices at a near-shore high point, setting a plurality of ground control points on the beach to be monitored, adjusting the field of view of each camera device to be more than or equal to 6 ground control points, and fully covering the field of view of all the camera devices on the beach to be monitored.
In this embodiment, the number of the image capturing devices is 4 to 6. The near-shore high point is the altitude above 20m, the ground control point is GCPs, namely fixed markers, ensures that the visual field range of each camera device is not less than 6 GCPs, and is used for solving the 'collineation equation' relation from an image coordinate system to a world coordinate system.
The present embodiment uses a real-time differential coordinate measuring machine (RTK) to calibrate camera external parameters, specifically the world coordinate system position (X c , Y c , Z c ) And three observation angles (α, τ, θ) of the camera, where α is the azimuth angle of the camera, τ is the pitch angle of the camera, and θ is the lateral tilt angle of the camera. In the subsequent step, world coordinates can be obtained through conversion by a real-time differential coordinate measuring instrument.
Further, the converting the time-averaged image into a planar geographic coordinate system top view according to the positions and the shooting parameters of the plurality of shooting devices includes:
Acquiring imaging parameters (alpha, tau, theta) of the imaging device, wherein alpha is the azimuth angle of the imaging device, tau is the pitch angle of the imaging device, and theta is the lateral tilt angle of the imaging device;
acquiring a world coordinate system position (X) of the image pickup device c , Y c , Z c )；
Converting the time-averaged image into a planar geographic coordinate system top view through formulas 1-3:
(equation 1)
(equation 2)
(equation 3)
Wherein, (u) 0 , v 0 ) Representing the image coordinates of any observation point on the time-averaged image, (u) c , v c ) Representing the principal point of the time-averaged image, f representing the focal length of the imaging device, m 11 ，m 12 ，m 13 ，m 21 ，m 22 ，m 23 ，m 31 ，m 32 ，m 33 m corresponds to the angular observation angle (alpha,τ, θ) in the direction matrix M, (X) o , Y o , Z o ) Representation (u) o ，v o ) Corresponding transformed planar geographic coordinates. The video time-averaged image is converted into a planar geographic image by virtually converting each observation point (u o ，v o ) Conversion to the corresponding (X) o , Y o , Z o )
The method establishes an image coordinate system of the video image based on the principle of a collineation equationu o ,v o ) And world coordinate systemX o ,Y o ,Z o ) Is mapped to the mapping of (a).
Further, the extracting the edge of the planar geographic coordinate system top view to obtain a land edge line includes: processing the plane geographic coordinate system top view through a structure forest edge detection algorithm to obtain an amphibious edge line; and/or
Said vectoring said amphibious edge line to a digital water edge line comprises: and carrying out binarization reclassification on the amphibious edge line, and then calculating and generating a digital water edge line through a vectorization algorithm.
Further, the performing high Cheng Fuzhi on the digital water edge line includes:
the digital water edge is high Cheng Fuzhi by equation 4,
(equation 4)
Wherein,z sl the elevation of the water edge line is indicated,z o representing the elevation of the offshore water level of the combination of astronomical tides and weather,η sl indicating that the water is increased by the waves,z s representing oscillations in the elevation of the water edge caused by wave climbing.
The method comprises the steps of performing edge detection on a plane geographic coordinate system top view by using a high-precision and strong-robustness structural forest edge detection (Strected Forests Edge Detection) algorithm to extract amphibious edge lines, importing a detection result diagram into arcgis, performing binarization reclassification, and automatically generating digital water edge lines by using an ArcScan vectorization technology, wherein the digital water edge lines refer to vectorized water edge lines, and can be edited in GIS software.
Further, the first time is 1 hour, in other embodiments, the first time may be selected according to other times, and the accuracy obtained by the smaller first time is higher, and/or
The method for obtaining the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach, the section at any position and the gradient according to the contour analysis of the intertidal zone of the beach comprises the following steps:
based on the contour line of the intertidal zone of the beach, a Delaunay triangulation method is used for constructing an intertidal zone irregular triangular network (TIN) model, grid conversion and surface analysis are carried out on the intertidal zone irregular triangular network model with a first spatial resolution, and the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach, the arbitrary position section and the gradient are obtained.
And executing S1-S4 on the time sequence video images in a complete tidal cycle according to the time interval of 1 hour to obtain 15-20 different tidal digital water edges with elevation assignment, and the digital water edges can be used as contour lines of intertidal zones. Based on the contour line of the intertidal zone, a Delaunay triangulation method is used for constructing an intertidal zone irregular triangular network (TIN) model, and the model is suitable for describing three-dimensional topographic information of the intertidal zone; in Arcgis, grid conversion and surface analysis are performed based on a TIN model, and inter-tidal zone Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data can be obtained, and the first spatial resolution is 0.5 m, arbitrary position profile data and gradient data, so that the evolution of the beach topography is further analyzed.
Further, step S6 includes:
repeating the step S1-the step S3 for the micro-relief every second time, wherein the second time is 0.5 hour; in other embodiments, the second time may be selected based on other times, with lower second time resulting in higher accuracy. The second time is less than the first time, so the data obtained in the step S6 is finer and finer, and can be used for embedding the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach obtained in the step S5.
Processing the micro-landforms through visual interpretation and GIS editing precision processing, and extracting high-precision elevation contours through an auxiliary water-edge automatic extraction algorithm to obtain high-precision elevation assigned digital water-edge lines at different tides as contour lines of the micro-landforms;
constructing a micro-landform irregular triangular net model by using a Delaunay triangulation method, and carrying out grid conversion and surface analysis on the micro-landform irregular triangular net model with a second spatial resolution, wherein the second spatial resolution is higher than the first spatial resolution, so as to obtain a digital elevation model of the micro-landform;
and embedding the digital elevation model of the microtopography into the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach to obtain the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach with high precision and refinement.
In this step, the applicant found that the beach micro-relief was a relatively small scale relief form that developed in the beach area. The beach micro-relief features are various and cover beach angles, beach shoulders, offshore sand dams, tidal ditches and the like. Because the dimension of the micro-landform is relatively small, when the three-dimensional terrain interpolation is directly carried out in the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach obtained in the step S5, the three-dimensional terrain interpolation is often smoothed by an algorithm, so that the characteristics of the micro-landform become unobvious. Here, the embodiment proposes to enhance the detail expression of the high micro-relief by feature embedding, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) The time resolution of the time-averaged image samples of the micro-relief corresponding to the water level is increased from 1 h at the first time to 0.5 h at the second time;
2) Through visual interpretation and GIS editing, the micro-landform morphology structure in the video image is precisely processed, and a water-edge automatic extraction algorithm is assisted to extract more precise elevation contour lines;
3) And (3) independently constructing an intertidal irregular triangular network (TIN) model corresponding to the micro-relief area, converting the intertidal irregular triangular network (TIN) model into a beach intertidal digital elevation model with higher spatial resolution by using an Arcgis topological grid conversion tool, for example, embedding the intertidal digital elevation model with the second spatial rate of 0.3 m into the beach intertidal digital elevation model obtained in the step S5, and thus completing the high-precision and refined beach intertidal digital elevation model containing the finely processed micro-relief structure.
Further, the correcting the digital water edge line to an average high tide climax line according to the development rule of the beach section comprises: correcting the digital water side line to an average high tide line according to the development rule of the beach section through a formula 5,
(equation 5)
Wherein x is the correction distance between the digital water edge line and the average high tide line, h is the water depth, A is the section scale parameter, and m is the coefficient. In this embodiment, m takes a value of 2/3.
The system for extracting the coastline and/or three-dimensional intertidal zone landform of the beach based on the video image is further provided and used for realizing the method for constructing the landform and the landform of the beach based on the video image, and comprises the following modules:
the time-average image calculation module is used for acquiring the beach video to be monitored, and calculating and obtaining a time-average image of the beach to be monitored in a shooting time period;
the plane geographic coordinate conversion module is used for converting the time-average image into a plane geographic coordinate system top view according to the positions and the shooting parameters of a plurality of shooting devices;
the digital water edge line generation module is used for extracting the edge of the plane geographic coordinate system top view to obtain a water edge line, and vectorizing the water edge line into a digital water edge line;
The elevation assignment module is used for carrying out height Cheng Fuzhi on the digital water edge line to obtain an elevation assigned digital water edge line;
the system comprises a beach intertidal zone analysis module, a beach intertidal zone analysis module and a control module, wherein the beach intertidal zone analysis module is used for repeating the steps S1-S4 every first time to obtain digital water edges with elevation assignment at different tides as beach intertidal zone contour lines, and obtaining a beach intertidal zone digital elevation model, any position section and gradient according to the beach intertidal zone contour line analysis;
the high-precision refined digital elevation model generation module of the beach intertidal zone is used for repeating the steps S1-S3 of the micro-landform every second time within a complete tidal cycle, the second time is smaller than the first time, the digital water edge of the micro-landform is edited with high precision, the high-resolution digital water edge of high Cheng Fuzhi at different tides is obtained as the contour line of the micro-landform, the digital elevation model of the micro-landform is obtained through analysis, and the digital elevation model of the micro-landform is inlaid into the digital elevation model of the beach intertidal zone to obtain the high-precision refined digital elevation model of the beach intertidal zone; and/or
And the standard coastline correction module is used for correcting the digital water side line to an average high tide and high tide line according to the development rule of the beach section to obtain the standard beach coastline.
The working principle and flow of the system are the same as those of the beach topography construction method based on the video image provided by the embodiment, and are not described herein.
There is further provided a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the method of beach topography construction based on video images.
Experimental data
In Quanzhou, fujian, chong Wu Zhenxi, sandy Bay beach, the time-averaged image obtained by step S1 is shown in FIG. 3.
The time-averaged image shown in fig. 3 is converted into a planar geographic coordinate system top view by step S2, as shown in fig. 4. The edge detection will then be performed on fig. 4, vectorizing the water edge line to a digital water edge line, as shown in fig. 5.
S5, repeating the steps S1-S4 to obtain a beach intertidal zone contour line schematic diagram of a complete tidal cycle, as shown in FIG. 6. An inter-tidal band irregular Triangulation (TIN) model was constructed using Delaunay triangulation, as shown in fig. 7, which is adapted to describe inter-tidal band three-dimensional topographical information. In Arcgis, grid conversion and surface analysis are performed based on an intertidal irregular triangle network (TIN) model, and intertidal Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data (spatial resolution of 0.5 m), arbitrary position profile data as shown in fig. 8, and gradient data as shown in fig. 9 can be obtained, thereby further analyzing the evolution of the topography of the beach.
And then analyzing to obtain a digital elevation model of the micro-landform, and embedding the digital elevation model of the micro-landform into the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach. Fig. 10 illustrates the construction effect of the feature embedding enhanced beach micro-relief DEM, taking beach angle micro-relief as an example, and more clearly shows the structural features of the micro-relief.
And S7, calculating according to the diagram of the beach balance section correction model shown in the diagram 10, and obtaining a standard beach shoreline, namely an average high tide line in the diagram 10.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It should be noted that in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, third, etc. do not denote any order. These words may be interpreted as names.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms should not be understood as necessarily being directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Claims (10)
1. A beach topography construction method based on video images is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, performing field full coverage on a beach to be monitored through a plurality of camera devices, collecting beach video to be monitored, and calculating and obtaining a time-average image of the beach to be monitored in a shooting time period;
s2, converting the time-averaged image into a plane geographic coordinate system top view according to the positions and the shooting parameters of a plurality of shooting devices;
S3, extracting the edge of the plane geographic coordinate system top view to obtain a water land edge line, and vectorizing the water land edge line into a digital water edge line;
s4, carrying out high Cheng Fuzhi on the digital water edge line to obtain a digital water edge line with elevation assignment;
s5, repeating the steps S1-S4 every first time on the beach in a complete tidal cycle to obtain digital water edges of elevation assignment at different tides as the contour lines of the intertidal zones of the beach, and obtaining a digital elevation model, any position section and gradient of the intertidal zones of the beach according to the contour lines of the intertidal zones of the beach;
s6, repeating the steps S1-S3 for the micro-landforms every second time in a complete tide cycle, wherein the second time is smaller than the first time, editing the digital water edge of the micro-landforms with high precision to obtain high-resolution high Cheng Fuzhi digital water edge at different tides as contour lines of the micro-landforms, analyzing to obtain digital elevation models of the micro-landforms, and embedding the digital elevation models of the micro-landforms into the digital elevation models of the beach intertidal zones to obtain high-precision refined digital elevation models of the beach intertidal zones; and/or
And S7, correcting the digital water side line to an average high tide line according to the development rule of the beach section to obtain a standard beach line.
2. The method for constructing the beach topography based on the video image according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the full coverage of the field of view of the beach to be monitored through the plurality of camera devices comprises the following steps:
and installing a plurality of camera devices at a near-shore high point, setting a plurality of ground control points on the beach to be monitored, adjusting the field of view of each camera device to be more than or equal to 6 ground control points, and fully covering the field of view of all the camera devices on the beach to be monitored.
3. The method for constructing the beach topography based on the video image according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the converting the time-averaged image into a planar geographic coordinate system top view according to the positions and the shooting parameters of a plurality of shooting devices comprises:
acquiring imaging parameters (alpha, tau, theta) of the imaging device, wherein alpha is the azimuth angle of the imaging device, tau is the pitch angle of the imaging device, and theta is the lateral tilt angle of the imaging device;
acquiring a world coordinate system position (X) of the image pickup device c , Y c , Z c )；
Converting the time-averaged image into a planar geographic coordinate system top view through formulas 1-3:
(equation 1)
(equation 2)
(equation 3)
Wherein, (u) 0 , v 0 ) Representing the image coordinates of any observation point on the time-averaged image, (u) c , v c ) Representing the principal point of the time-averaged image, f representing the focal length of the imaging device, m 11 ，m 12 ，m 13 ，m 21 ，m 22 ，m 23 ，m 31 ，m 32 ，m 33 Parameters in the direction matrix M corresponding to the angular observation angles (α, τ, θ), (X) o , Y o , Z o ) Representation (u) o ，v o ) Corresponding transformed planar geographic coordinates.
4. The method for constructing the beach topography based on the video image according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the extracting the edge of the plane geographic coordinate system top view to obtain a water land edge line comprises the following steps: processing the plane geographic coordinate system top view through a structure forest edge detection algorithm to obtain an amphibious edge line; and/or
Said vectoring said amphibious edge line to a digital water edge line comprises: and carrying out binarization reclassification on the amphibious edge line, and then calculating and generating a digital water edge line through a vectorization algorithm.
5. The method for constructing the beach topography based on the video image according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: said performing a height Cheng Fuzhi of said digital water edge comprises:
The digital water edge is high Cheng Fuzhi by equation 4,
(equation 4)
Wherein,z sl the elevation of the water edge line is indicated,z o representing the elevation of the offshore water level of the combination of astronomical tides and weather,η sl indicating that the water is increased by the waves,z s representing oscillations in the elevation of the water edge caused by wave climbing.
6. The method for constructing the beach topography based on the video image according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first time is 1 hour, and/or
The method for obtaining the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach, the section at any position and the gradient according to the contour analysis of the intertidal zone of the beach comprises the following steps:
based on the contour line of the intertidal zone of the beach, a Delaunay triangulation method is used for constructing an irregular triangular mesh model of the intertidal zone, grid conversion and surface analysis are carried out on the irregular triangular mesh model of the intertidal zone with a first spatial resolution, and the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach, the arbitrary position section and the gradient are obtained.
7. The method for constructing the beach topography based on the video image according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S6 comprises the following steps:
repeating the step S1-the step S3 for the micro-relief every second time, wherein the second time is 0.5 hour;
Processing the micro-landforms through visual interpretation and GIS editing precision processing, and extracting high-precision elevation contours through an auxiliary water-edge automatic extraction algorithm to obtain high-precision elevation assigned digital water-edge lines at different tides as contour lines of the micro-landforms;
constructing a micro-landform irregular triangular net model by using a Delaunay triangulation method, and carrying out grid conversion and surface analysis on the micro-landform irregular triangular net model with a second spatial resolution, wherein the second spatial resolution is higher than the first spatial resolution, so as to obtain a digital elevation model of the micro-landform;
and embedding the digital elevation model of the microtopography into the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach to obtain the digital elevation model of the intertidal zone of the beach with high precision and refinement.
8. The method for constructing the beach topography based on the video image according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the correcting the digital water edge line to an average high tide line according to the development rule of the beach section comprises the following steps: correcting the digital water side line to an average high tide line according to the development rule of the beach section through a formula 5,
(equation 5)
Wherein x is the correction distance between the digital water edge line and the average high tide line, h is the water depth, A is the section scale parameter, and m is the coefficient.
9. A beach shoreline and/or three-dimensional intertidal zone topography extraction system based on video images is characterized in that: a beach topography construction method based on video images for implementing any one of claims 1-8, comprising the following modules:
the time-average image calculation module is used for acquiring the beach video to be monitored, and calculating and obtaining a time-average image of the beach to be monitored in a shooting time period;
the plane geographic coordinate conversion module is used for converting the time-average image into a plane geographic coordinate system top view according to the positions and the shooting parameters of a plurality of shooting devices;
the digital water edge line generation module is used for extracting the edge of the plane geographic coordinate system top view to obtain a water edge line, and vectorizing the water edge line into a digital water edge line;
the elevation assignment module is used for carrying out height Cheng Fuzhi on the digital water edge line to obtain an elevation assigned digital water edge line;
the system comprises a beach intertidal zone analysis module, a beach intertidal zone analysis module and a control module, wherein the beach intertidal zone analysis module is used for repeating the steps S1-S4 every first time to obtain digital water edges with elevation assignment at different tides as beach intertidal zone contour lines, and obtaining a beach intertidal zone digital elevation model, any position section and gradient according to the beach intertidal zone contour line analysis;
The high-precision refined digital elevation model generation module of the beach intertidal zone is used for repeating the steps S1-S3 of the micro-landform every second time within a complete tidal cycle, the second time is smaller than the first time, the digital water edge of the micro-landform is edited with high precision, the high-resolution digital water edge of high Cheng Fuzhi at different tides is obtained as the contour line of the micro-landform, the digital elevation model of the micro-landform is obtained through analysis, and the digital elevation model of the micro-landform is inlaid into the digital elevation model of the beach intertidal zone to obtain the high-precision refined digital elevation model of the beach intertidal zone; and/or
And the standard coastline correction module is used for correcting the digital water side line to an average high tide and high tide line according to the development rule of the beach section to obtain the standard beach coastline.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements a beach topography construction method based on video images as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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