CN105091855A - Shallow water tidal flats foundation stone section detection method - Google Patents
Shallow water tidal flats foundation stone section detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a shallow water tidal flats foundation stone section detection method, and is used for effectively solving the problem of fast and low cost detection of a foundation stone section in shallow water and tidal flats areas; the method comprises the steps: first of all, a shallow water tidal flats foundation stone section detection device is mounted, and then the following steps of section positioning and scanning, electrode laying, electric parameter measurement, data processing and calculation of stone lost amount are carried out; a mobile measurement device of the detection device is mounted on a ship hull, the ship hull is welded with a support frame, a hydraulic pump is mounted at the upper part of the support frame, a lifting column of the hydraulic pump is vertically mounted in a stand column groove of the lower part of a stand column shell body in a penetration manner and is connected with a connection rod, the connecting rod is connected with an orbital slot of a motor, an electrical prospecting instrument and a wire winding wheel are mounted on the ship hull, the wire winding wheel is connected with a cable bus, and the electrical prospecting instrument is communicated with an electrode change-over switch. The method is simple, easy to operate, low in cost, high in working efficiency, and accurate in detection, guarantees the construction quality, is effectively used in river banks and seacoast dikes, and ensures needs of flood and tide prevention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering geophysics prospecting field, especially for a kind of shallow water beach root stone section detection method of detection river course, dyke shoal water zone and Coastal Area root stone section situation.
Background technology
River course, dyke are for flood control, moistureproof needs, and generally have dangerous section, control leads, protects a series of enrockment buttresses such as beach, mostly these engineering structures are to be piled up according to certain rule by stone and adjunct, play the effect controlling current protection dyke.The stone forming these buildingss is called as root stone, and under normal circumstances, due to washing away of current, root stone can be flushed away, and now must carry out jackstone to keep the stable of buildings.
The existing method finding out whether root stone is flushed away is comparatively original, many cone by artificial or machinery is visited, but its principle is all disclose by being with graduated stiff rod down to smash, until sensation bar head touches comparatively solid object, cannot continue, then think that this degree of depth is root Shi Ding interface, such as patent ZL201320278733.2, ZL200920158324.2, ZL201320105577.X, ZL200920019604.5, ZL201320406277.5 etc., although One's name is legion but principle is identical, these methods are all surveys, then multiple spot is carried out line and become section, degree of accuracy and the measuring point quantitative relation of section are very large, but because wasting time and energy in reality, the not high factor of efficiency often causes measuring point few, calculate that root stone disappearance amount error is very large with this, it is one very "ball-park" estimate, low precision.Further, shallow water, shoal area mud are thicker, if carry out artificial or machinery cone spy, very possible people and machinery are subside in mire, dangerous.
Also have and use geophysical method to carry out whole section detection to root stone, the shallow principle cuing open instrument and sonar is utilized to detect root stone as application publication number CN103744117A " Non-contact underwater detection method of river channel underwater foundation stone " proposes, can be comparatively quick, accurately, solve the problem of root stone section detection rapidly, but its ［ 0016 ］ bar Section 4 it is also proposed the waters being greater than 0.5m in the depth of water and detects, its main cause is because ship drinking water and sonar probe (towfish) volume cause the waters that cannot be less than 0.5m again to detect, in actual production, find that the depth of water is lower than 1m, Effect on Detecting is affected not good by factors such as secondariess, reflecting interface image is fuzzy and be difficult to differentiate, for the shallow water area such as beach being similar to marsh, because navigating, the method cannot detect at all, can cause calculating section very few, measured root stone disappearance amount and actual gap larger.
Also have in addition and use electric signal to attempt root stone, the most close above publishes " effect analysis of electric sounding detection the Yellow River root stone " technology at Journal of Engineering Geophysics in October, 2005 (the 2nd volume the 5th phase), be judged by sounding curve, viewed from its result, divide interface phase when coarse; The judgement at its root stone interface too relies on experience to judge exceptions area; The root stone profile sketched the contours of by several measuring point, degree of accuracy is a problem very much, easily causes convex-concave irregular stone region to fail to judge; Because there is no special sniffer therefore inefficiency, in article conclusion, also there is ineffective discussion.Also all there is Similar Problems as technology such as " application of high-density electric in stone riprap and soil layer interphase detect " delivered on Changjiang Academy of sciences's journal 21 volumes the 6th phase in 2004 in other, particularly all there is no the discussion of special detecting devices, in addition also have its data processing means (Section 4 the 2nd section is mentioned with resistivity value 1 Ω * m as partitioning standards) and effect also poor, and the process of this characterization data rate of change of non-resistance rate gradient, its result with a low credibility.Therefore, the detection how effectively solving shallow water beach root stone section is the technical matters needing conscientiously to solve.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned situation, for overcoming the defect of prior art, the object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of shallow water beach root stone section detection method, can effectively solve under shallow water, Coastal Area, root stone section is carried out fast, low cost detection problem.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves is, the Geophysical background composition due to the root stone of shallow water, shoal area is generally the most lower is root rock layers, and centre is silt seam, and upper strata is water layer, has comparatively significantly electrical property difference between this.The apparent resistivity section being recorded this region with electrical prospecting apparatus by electrode track groove on ship, use GPS accurately locates the three-dimensional coordinate position that institute's location is put simultaneously, according to coordinate, apparent resistivity section is positioned on the profile plot in this work area, then process and further GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION are carried out to apparent resistivity section, obtain root stone buried depth and the scale of this section, thus calculate the scarce stone amount of this dam section.Accordingly, the technical scheme that the present invention solves is, first, shallow water beach root stone section detecting devices is installed, then follow these steps to carry out: section location and scanning, lay electrode, electric parameter measurement, data processing, calculate and lack stone amount, described shallow water beach root stone section detecting devices comprises hull, motor rail groove, bracing frame, electrical measuring instrument, (abbreviation electrical instrument) and traverse measuring device, traverse measuring device is contained on hull, hull has been welded bracing frame, swing bearing is equipped with in the bottom of bracing frame, form the rotary structure of support, hydraulic pump (or hydraulic cylinder) is contained in the top of bracing frame, the lifting column of hydraulic pump is vertically installed in the stake pocket of column lower housing portion, and be connected with the connecting link stretched in stake pocket, form the lifting structure of lifting column in stake pocket, connecting link is connected with motor rail groove, electrical measuring instrument, and twisted wire wheel hull be equipped with, twisted wire wheel is connected with cable bus, electrical measuring instrument, is connected with electrode change-over switch through cable bus.
The inventive method is simple, and easy to operate, cost is low, and work efficiency is high, and detection accurately, ensures construction quality, is effective to riverbank, dyke, guarantees flood control, moistureproof needs, has huge economic and social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is root stone section acquisition environment schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is shallow water beach root stone section detecting devices structural front view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is support frame structure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is motor rail groove structural drawing (electrode open mode) of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is A-A direction view in Fig. 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the resistivity inversion figure after the reconstruct of Dike Along Lower Yellow River profile data.
Fig. 7 is probing and the inventive method root Shi Ding interface result of detection comparison diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
The present invention, in concrete enforcement, can be realized by following steps: first install and measure equipment, then follows these steps to realize:
1, the location of section and scanning:
Hull 4 is driven to shallow water area 3 to be measured to fix, then by the electrical measuring instrument, 9 on hull, GPS module 6f, traverse measuring device 11(as car, boat-carrying three-dimensional laser scanner etc.) time synchronized, linear survey is carried out with the 11 pairs of land sections of the traverse measuring device on ship, obtain formline and the gps coordinate of this section, slot electrode start-stop coordinate is recorded by the GPS module be connected with slot electrode, and through display display position, the position of adjustment hull or slot electrode, ensures that slot electrode and survey line are on same straight line;
2, electrode is laid:
Lay electrode by root stone section sniffer, method is:
(1), bottom bracing frame 7, swing bearing 7a is installed, be column housing 7e above bearing, fluted 7d on housing, connecting link 7b is stretched out by groove 7d, in a non-operative state, electrode track groove 6 is closed on ship, primer fluid press pump (or hydraulic cylinder) 10 during work, rotary support frame 7, by electrode track groove 6 from above hull forwards water level face 5 to, then operate hydraulic pump (or hydraulic cylinder) 10 and drive lifting column 7c and connecting link 7b, electrode track groove 6 is dropped to the position near the water surface;
(2), start twisted wire wheel 8, twisted rope 6e is driven by twisted wire wheel 8, in the prefabricated wire casing 6j above rail groove of twisted rope 6e, its end is connected on last electrode change-over switch 6a, all electrode change-over switch are connected in series by cable bus 6d, and in the side of switch by road wheel 6g in wheel shaft 6h connection, band moving electrode 6c walks in slot electrode 6, thus pull the electrode of serial connection to launch, one section of spring 6b is set between electrode change-over switch 6a and electrode 6c, even if the process of falling encounters root stone 1, mud 2, with guard electrode switch 6a, the electrode connecting line 6i that switch 6a is connected by spring 6b circle body internal voids with electrode 6c, ensure the power supply of electrode and accept electric signal,
3, electrical parameter is measured:
Open electrical measuring instrument, cable bus 6d in connection, measure, because ship can be subjected to displacement by water currents, the position data that some data point is not envisioned can be caused, cause data point drift, obtained time and the coordinate of each drift measuring point by GPS module, each drift data that measuring point is surveyed are no less than 5 times;
4, data processing:
(1), to the process of fitting treatment of drift data: the apparent resistivity value first extracting drift measuring point locus, then by repeatedly (minimum 5 times, if any comparatively big error, should optionally increase) displacement relativeness carries out interpolation fitting between resistivity value, obtain the resistivity value of former tram, then this resistivity value is returned to this correct position, and weed out drift data, obtain a complete apparent resistivity section;
(2), by electrical method software RES2DINV carry out inverting, obtain resistivity profile, then reconstruct in Surfer and CAD, form editable section resistivity (RES2DINV, Surfer and CAD are handy freewares on market);
(3) through computing machine to the calculating of section resistivity and conversion, then with by gps coordinate, this segment data is surveyed land partial coordinates with traverse measurement system and carries out nested splicing, just obtain a complete section containing longitudinal elevation and transverse horizontal coordinate;
5, scarce stone amount is calculated:
Section lacks the calculating of stone area: adopt mathematic integral method to realize, because electrical method data point is discrete data, so do not need to remake discrete during integration, every 2 of the root stone data tracked surround a trapezoidal area with the fixing gradient, each trapezoidal area is calculated according to the computing method of geometric figure area, and then all trapezoidal areas are added the scarce stone area that can obtain needing, thus calculate stone amount of falling vacant.
Described its structure of shallow water beach root stone section detecting devices is, comprise hull, motor rail groove, bracing frame, electrical measuring instrument, (abbreviation electrical instrument) and traverse measuring device, traverse measuring device 11 is contained on hull 4, hull 4 has been welded bracing frame 7, swing bearing 7a is equipped with in the bottom of bracing frame, form the rotary structure of support, hydraulic pump (or hydraulic cylinder) 10 is contained in the top of bracing frame, the lifting column 7c of hydraulic pump is vertically installed in the stake pocket 7d of column housing 7e bottom, and be connected with the connecting link 7b stretched in stake pocket 7d, form the lifting structure of lifting column in stake pocket, connecting link 7b is connected with motor rail groove 6, electrical measuring instrument, 9 and twisted wire wheel 8 hull be equipped with, twisted wire wheel is connected with cable bus 6d, electrical measuring instrument, is connected with the electrode change-over switch 6a of motor rail groove through cable bus.
Described its structure of motor rail groove 6 is, electrode change-over switch 6a, cable bus 6d, electrode 6c is placed in the cell body 6k of motor rail groove, twisted rope 6e is fixed on the shell of the electrode change-over switch 6a of cell body 6k least significant end, upwards penetrate in wire casing 6j, the electrode 6c folding and unfolding in motor rail groove is pulled through twisted wire wheel 8 drive twisted rope 6e, motor rail groove two ends are fixed with GPS module (or claiming GPS locator) 6f for determining motor rail groove position, electrode change-over switch 6a is connected in series by cable bus 6d, and road wheel 6g is contained on the wheel shaft 6h of electrode change-over switch 6a side, band moving electrode 6c walking structure in motor rail groove, initial termination electrical measuring instrument, 9, spring 6b is equipped with between electrode change-over switch 6a and electrode 6c, the flexible electrode connecting line 6i of connecting electrode 6c and the electrode change-over switch 6a ensureing that circuit communicates is provided with in spring 6b.
Described electrode 6c is several, and each electrode is all equipped with electrode change-over switch 6a, and between every two electrode change-over switch, length of cable is 0.2-1.0m, pulls open equidistantly rear, and between every two electrode change-over switch, length of cable is preferably 0.5m.
The inventive method is through practical application and experiment, and achieve extraordinary Advantageous Effects, interrelated data is as follows:
Through the inventive method, Dike Along Lower Yellow River is tested, resistivity inversion figure after Dike Along Lower Yellow River profile data reconstruct as shown in Figure 6 can find out, there is the horizontal layer structure that a graded is violent, namely two heavy lines are indicated positions, here isoline comparatively dense, illustrate that this place deposits the interface of different in kind, upper heavy line is the interface of mud and root stone, lower heavy line is the interface on root stone and embankment basis, namely heavy line inside be the thickness of this section root stone, graded is followed the trail of voluntarily by software parses data, thus automatically calculate below water surface root rock layers segment thickness.
In order to test the order of accuarcy of the method, this cross section place carries out root Shi Ding interface Comparative result by probing, contrasts 5 measuring points altogether.The position of the 5th some distance 10m is least absolute error is 0m; The position of the 4th some distance 8m is maximum absolute error is 0.3m, because results of drilling also exists error, so the size of its absolute error can not represent the error of detection method of the present invention and device completely, under existence conditions, this measuring accuracy and error range can meet the requirement of He Wu department, and correlation data is shown in Fig. 7.Show that the inventive method has actual application value, easy to operate, work efficiency is high, compared with prior art, has following outstanding advantage:
1, the present invention can effectively can detect the root stone section of shallow water, shoal area, relied on the sonar class methods geophysical character in such circumstances of acoustic signal not meet in the past, cannot detect or result of detection distortion the region of this water level lower than 1m; And the root stone section detection that Traditional Man cone spy method realizes under this environment realizes all comparatively difficulty, and safety coefficient is low, inefficiency, even if detection cone is visited by force, detect about a section at least needs half an hour, and the inventive method about 3 minutes, efficiency improves 10 times.
The methods such as 2, use electrical parameter can detect the bottom boundary of root stone, sonar class methods are higher because of its frequency, cannot penetrate root stone, can only divide the interface, top of back chipping stone, the spy of physics cone are impossible especially.
3, because a series of comparatively complicated, time-consuming auxiliary device to carry out integrated by special root stone section sniffer, substantially realize robotization, can effectively reduce costs, time saving and energy saving, ensure that efficiency.This complete equipment is equipped with GPS module on slot electrode, can be put show electrode slot in real time, avoid commander orientation, artificial land by navigation software conventional on the market on notebook; The traverse measuring device of section realizes automatic laser scanning, the measurement of each section at least can save the time of 50%, classic method uses total powerstation or RTK differential type GPS to locate, need people's walking to section also slightly stops, therefore institute's geodetic form point is limited on each section, and automatic laser scan mode can by section topographic(al) point Small Distance, high density recording, therefore ratio of precision classic method greatly improves, and whole section survey precision is increased to more than 99%.The robotization of slot electrode folding and unfolding, efficiency and security significantly improve, and Traditional Man arranges needs 2 people, and water will be dropped down, at mud intercalative electrode, cabling back and forth, be more omitted the time of 90% by comparison, and safety, also cost of labor is effectively reduced, cost-saved more than 50%.
4, the automatic identification at interface is realized by resistivity gradient change, thus follow the trail of root stone distribution situation, little with probing compare error, its maximum absolute error is no more than 0.3m, with a high credibility, can meet the requirement of river business division management and guiding construction completely, have good practicality, economic and social benefit is huge.
Claims (4)
1. a shallow water beach root stone section detection method, is characterized in that, realized by following steps: first install and measure equipment, then follows these steps to realize:
The location of A, section and scanning:
Hull (4) is driven to shallow water area to be measured (3) to fix, then by the time synchronized of the electrical measuring instrument, (9) on hull, GPS module (6f), traverse measuring device (11), with the traverse measuring device (11) on ship, linear survey is carried out to land section, obtain formline and the gps coordinate of this section, slot electrode start-stop coordinate is recorded by the GPS module be connected with slot electrode, and through display display position, the position of adjustment hull or slot electrode, ensures that slot electrode and survey line are on same straight line;
B, lay electrode:
Lay electrode by root stone section sniffer, method is:
(1), bracing frame (7) bottom is provided with swing bearing (7a), it is column housing (7e) above bearing, fluted on housing (7d), connecting link (7b) is stretched out by groove (7d), in a non-operative state, electrode track groove (6) is closed on ship, primer fluid press pump (10) during work, rotary support frame (7), electrode track groove (6) is forwarded to water level face (5) top from hull, then operate hydraulic pump (10) and drive lifting column (7c) and connecting link (7b), electrode track groove (6) is dropped to the position near the water surface;
(2), start twisted wire wheel (8), twisted rope (6e) is driven by twisted wire wheel (8), in the prefabricated wire casing (6j) above rail groove of twisted rope (6e), its end is connected on last electrode change-over switch (6a), all electrode change-over switch are connected in series by cable bus (6d), and in the side of switch by road wheel (6g) in wheel shaft (6h) connection, band moving electrode (6c) is walked in slot electrode (6), thus pull the electrode of serial connection to launch, one section of spring (6b) is set between electrode change-over switch (6a) and electrode (6c), even if the process of falling encounters root stone (1), mud (2), with guard electrode switch (6a), the electrode connecting line (6i) that switch (6a) is connected by spring (6b) circle body internal voids with electrode (6c), ensure the power supply of electrode and accept electric signal,
C, electrical parameter are measured:
Open electrical measuring instrument, cable bus (6d) in connection, measure, because ship can be subjected to displacement by water currents, the position data that some data point is not envisioned can be caused, cause data point drift, obtained time and the coordinate of each drift measuring point by GPS module, each drift data that measuring point is surveyed are no less than 5 times;
D, data processing:
(1), to the process of fitting treatment of drift data: the apparent resistivity value first extracting drift measuring point locus, then by repeatedly between resistivity value displacement relativeness carry out interpolation fitting, obtain the resistivity value of former tram, then this resistivity value is returned to this correct position, and weed out drift data, obtain a complete apparent resistivity section;
(2), by electrical method software RES2DINV carry out inverting, obtain resistivity profile, then reconstruct in Surfer and CAD, form editable section resistivity (RES2DINV, Surfer and CAD are handy freewares on market);
(3) through computing machine to the calculating of section resistivity and conversion, then with by gps coordinate, this segment data is surveyed land partial coordinates with traverse measurement system and carries out nested splicing, just obtain a complete section containing longitudinal elevation and transverse horizontal coordinate;
E, calculating lack stone amount:
Section lacks the calculating of stone area: adopt mathematic integral method to realize, because electrical method data point is discrete data, so do not need to remake discrete during integration, every 2 of the root stone data tracked surround a trapezoidal area with the fixing gradient, each trapezoidal area is calculated according to the computing method of geometric figure area, and then all trapezoidal areas are added the scarce stone area that can obtain needing, thus calculate stone amount of falling vacant.
2. its structure of shallow water beach root stone section detecting devices described in is, comprise hull, motor rail groove, bracing frame, electrical measuring instrument, and traverse measuring device, traverse measuring device (11) is contained on hull (4), hull (4) has been welded bracing frame (7), swing bearing (7a) is equipped with in the bottom of bracing frame, form the rotary structure of support, hydraulic pump (10) is contained in the top of bracing frame, the lifting column (7c) of hydraulic pump is vertically installed in the stake pocket (7d) of column housing (7e) bottom, and be connected with the connecting link (7b) stretched in stake pocket (7d), form the lifting structure of lifting column in stake pocket, connecting link (7b) is connected with motor rail groove (6), electrical measuring instrument, (9) and twisted wire wheel (8) hull be equipped with, twisted wire wheel is connected with cable bus (6d), electrical measuring instrument, is connected with the electrode change-over switch (6a) of motor rail groove through cable bus.
3. shallow water beach root stone section detection method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described motor rail groove (6) its structure is, electrode change-over switch (6a), cable bus (6d), electrode (6c) is placed in the cell body (6k) of motor rail groove, twisted rope (6e) is fixed on the shell of electrode change-over switch (6a) of cell body (6k) least significant end, upwards penetrate in wire casing (6j), electrode (6c) folding and unfolding in motor rail groove is pulled through twisted wire wheel (8) drive twisted rope (6e), motor rail groove two ends are fixed with the GPS module (6f) for determining motor rail groove position, electrode change-over switch (6a) is connected in series by cable bus (6d), and road wheel (6g) is contained on the wheel shaft (6h) of electrode change-over switch (6a) side, band moving electrode (6c) walking structure in motor rail groove, initial termination electrical measuring instrument, (9), spring (6b) is equipped with between electrode change-over switch (6a) and electrode (6c), the flexible electrode connecting line (6i) of connecting electrode (6c) and the electrode change-over switch (6a) ensureing circuit and communicate is provided with in spring (6b).
4. shallow water beach root stone section detection method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described electrode (6c) is several, each electrode is all equipped with electrode change-over switch (6a), between every two electrode change-over switch, length of cable is 0.2-1.0m, pulls open equidistantly rear.
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| CN110109182A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-09 | 三峡大学 | A kind of Rock Mass Integrality real-time monitoring device and method based on high-density electric technology |
| CN116612245A (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2023-08-18 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Beach topography construction method, system and storage medium based on video image |
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| CN116612245B (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2024-02-27 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Beach topography construction method, system and storage medium based on video image |
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| CN105091855B (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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