CN116610368A - Configurable chip starting guiding method, system and medium - Google Patents

Configurable chip starting guiding method, system and medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116610368A
CN116610368A CN202310395707.6A CN202310395707A CN116610368A CN 116610368 A CN116610368 A CN 116610368A CN 202310395707 A CN202310395707 A CN 202310395707A CN 116610368 A CN116610368 A CN 116610368A
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China
Prior art keywords
program
command
segment
data
image
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CN202310395707.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
龚国辉
徐雪刚
李宗伯
夏一民
王磊
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Hunan Greatwall Galaxy Technology Co ltd
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Hunan Greatwall Galaxy Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310395707.6A priority Critical patent/CN116610368A/en
Publication of CN116610368A publication Critical patent/CN116610368A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/40—Transformation of program code
    • G06F8/41—Compilation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/445—Program loading or initiating
    • G06F9/44521—Dynamic linking or loading; Link editing at or after load time, e.g. Java class loading
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Abstract

The invention discloses a configurable chip start-up guiding method, a system and a medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: stripping an initialization program segment of a target memory address from a ROM boot program, and compiling the initialization program segment according to the actual condition of hardware to obtain code data of a configuration section program; combining the configuration section program and the user program into an image; and the ROM boot program acquires and guides image data, if the configuration section program is identified, the code of the configuration section program is operated to perform initialization configuration of the target memory address, and then the data of the user program is moved to the memory to operate according to the target memory address. The invention can solidify ROM boot program and support initialization program to be configured according to requirement, and the initialization program can be modified. Meanwhile, the process of transplanting and developing the secondary BootLoader is also omitted.

Description

Configurable chip starting guiding method, system and medium
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of embedded chips, and in particular, to a configurable chip start-up guidance method, system, and medium.
Background
The boot technology of the embedded chip is an important content of the embedded chip design, and the ROM boot program is a read-only executable program solidified in the ROM inside the chip, and is used for guiding the Image of the user program to be loaded into a proper storage position and to jump to the user program. The ROM boot program is a program which runs in the first section after the chip is electrified or reset, and the user program can be run after the boot program loads the user program.
For some embedded chips supporting memory interface technologies such as SDRAM and DDR, after the chip design is completed, if the ROM (Read Only Memory) boot program (BootLoader) of the chip is already fixed, the running logic of the program and the operation on hardware will not change. After the chip is powered on, the ROM boot program moves the user program from Flash to the memory for running, the memory address can only be the default available memory address after the chip is powered on, and for default unavailable addresses, such as SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory) and DDR (Double Data Rate SDRAM), after the chip is powered on, the memory default cannot be initialized, and software is required to be initialized for use. For the case that the user program storage or running needs to occupy a larger memory space, SDRAM or DDR memory space is necessarily required. The boot program needs to perform an initial configuration of the memory before using the portion of memory.
Such a situation has the following solutions:
and 1, after the ROM boot program is powered on, carrying out memory initialization configuration, and initializing the memory no matter whether the user program needs to use the memory initialization configuration or not. For the technical scheme of memory initialization configuration after the ROM boot program is powered on, the following disadvantages exist:
1) For user programs that do not need to use these memories, this initialization procedure is an unnecessary operation, increasing the boot process time and sacrificing performance.
2) Because the initialization program is fixed, the hardware is also fixed, the working mode is also fixed, and the configuration parameters of the hardware are not adjustable, so that the situation that the hardware configuration is not compatible exists.
3) In the chip design stage, the debugging can only be performed in a simulation environment without actual hardware, and 100% of the debugging is not necessarily ensured to be available in the actual hardware.
2. The method is characterized in that a secondary bootstrap program is used for guiding a user program to a secondary BootLoader, a program which is booted and loaded by a ROM bootstrap program is the secondary BootLoader program, the scheme is a common scheme, and in an embedded Linux system, a Linux kernel and a file system are generally guided by the secondary bootstrap program of a U-Boot. For the technical scheme of using the secondary bootstrap, a user is required to migrate the secondary bootstrap of the open source or redesign the secondary bootstrap meeting the requirements, which necessarily increases additional development time and period.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a configurable chip start-up guiding method, a system and a medium, which are used for stripping an initialization configuration program from a ROM guiding program for development and debugging, supporting the initialization program to be configured as required while solidifying the ROM guiding program, and modifying the initialization program. Meanwhile, the process of transplanting and developing the secondary BootLoader is also omitted.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a configurable chip start-up boot method, comprising the steps of:
s1) stripping an initialization program segment of a target memory address from a ROM boot program, and compiling the initialization program segment according to the actual condition of hardware to obtain code data of a configuration section program;
s2) combining the configuration section program and a user program into an image;
s3) the ROM boot program acquires and guides image data, if the configuration section program is identified, the code of the configuration section program is operated to perform initialization configuration of the target memory address, and then the data of the user program is moved to the memory to operate according to the target memory address.
Further, in step S1, when compiling the initialization program segment according to the actual hardware situation, the method includes: the function of the initialization program segment is compiled to the specified segment by using the # pragma code_SECTION instruction, and meanwhile, the specified segment is contracted in the link script to be placed in a RAM memory area where storage is required.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes:
taking a preset magic word as the head of an image;
setting a segment loading command of at least one user program after a header of the image;
if the configuration section program exists, setting a section loading command and a jump command of the configuration section program in sequence before a section loading command of the user program;
the jump end command is set as the tail of the image.
Further, the segment loading command includes corresponding data, and further includes a total length and a destination address of the corresponding data, the jump command includes a function entry of an initialization program segment, and when the code of the configuration segment program is run in step S3 to perform initialization configuration of the target memory address, the method includes:
moving the data in the section loading command of the configuration section program to the corresponding destination address until the data is moved;
jumping and executing a corresponding function according to the function entry of the jump command until the code of the configuration section program is run;
and returning and analyzing the segment loading command of the data of the user program.
Further, the jump ending command includes an entry address of the user program, and when the data of the user program is moved to the memory according to the target memory address to run in step S3, the jump ending command includes:
traversing segment loading commands of data of each user program, and moving data in the segment loading commands of the data of the selected user program to a corresponding destination address until the data movement is completed;
and jumping and executing the user program according to the entry address of the user program of the jump ending command, and jumping out of the ROM boot program.
Further, the header of the segment loading command includes a preset first flag word, the header of the jump command includes a preset second flag word, and the header of the jump ending command includes a preset third flag word.
Further, step S2 further includes a step of setting a function execution command, including:
if a function execution command needs to be added, setting the function execution command before the first segment of the image loads the command so as to execute a preset function.
Further, before step S3, the method further includes: storing the image in a designated storage medium or an external storage medium; the step S3 when the ROM boot program obtains and boots image data includes: the ROM boot program acquires image data from a specified storage medium, or acquires image data from an external storage medium through a specified interface.
The invention also proposes an embedded system whose chip is programmed or configured to perform any of the configurable chip start-up booting methods.
The present invention also proposes a storage medium storing a software program programmed or configured to perform any of the configurable chip start-up booting methods.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention uses the same function to compile the generated code segment by the same compiler under different projects, and places the configurable program operated by the ROM bootstrap program outside the ROM to generate. The process of developing the secondary BootLoader bootstrap program by the user is omitted on the premise of realizing the same function, the configuration program is supported, the design of the configuration program is transferred from the solidified ROM bootstrap program stage to the stage of the user program, and the user-defined configuration section program is supported.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the same piece of code in different memory locations of the same project.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the same code segment in the same memory location in different projects.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a magic word of an image in a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an image segment load command according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an image jump command according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an image skip end command according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an image function execution command according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a complete image and a user program and a configuration section program according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a main flow of a ROM boot program according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with the drawings and the specific preferred embodiments, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1
We have found that for different projects of the same code segment (a C language function) in the same compiler, different memory spaces are identical as long as the same compiler is used to compile it, and the executable machine code generated by the compilation is identical, as shown in fig. 1. Thus consider the configurable code segment as a C language function, compiled outside of the ROM boot program, and executed within the ROM boot program, enabling the execution of the re-modifiable compiled configurable program after the ROM boot program is fixed, as shown in fig. 2.
Based on the above concept, this embodiment proposes a configurable chip start-up guidance method, as shown in fig. 3, including the following steps:
s1) stripping an initialization program segment of a target memory address (an address of a memory with a default unavailable address, such as an SDRAM or DDR address) from a ROM boot program, and compiling the initialization program segment according to the actual condition of hardware to obtain code data of a configuration section program;
s2) combining the configuration section program and a user program into an image;
s3) the ROM boot program acquires and guides image data, if the configuration section program is identified, the code of the configuration section program is operated to perform initialization configuration of a target memory address (the initialization configuration of a memory with a default unavailable address is completed, a user program can be put into SDRAM or DDR for operation), and then the data of the user program is moved into the memory for operation according to the target memory address; if the configuration section program is not identified, the data of the user program is directly moved to the memory for operation.
Each step is described in detail below.
In step S1 of this embodiment, according to the actual situation, the memory initialization program segment of the target memory address, that is, the default unavailable address, is stripped from the ROM boot program, and the project is newly created, and compiled, so as to obtain code segment data, which is also referred to as code data of the configuration segment program. The configuration section program can be modified and compiled in a user program stage, and when compiling the initialization program section according to the actual condition of hardware in step S1, the configuration section program comprises the following steps: the function of the initialization program segment is compiled to the specified segment by using the # pragma code_SECTION instruction, and meanwhile, the specified segment is contracted in the link script to be placed in a RAM memory area where storage is required.
The configuration SECTION program in this embodiment needs to be compiled into a specified RAM memory area to run, and needs to specify the compiled memory location for the CODE by the user, and the C language provides a "#pragmacode_septon" method to compile the function into the specified SECTION, and meanwhile, the specified SECTION is agreed in the link script to be placed in the memory area where storage is desired. The configuration section in the image only requires data in which the function code section is specified.
The code segments of the C language are illustrated as follows,
link script illustration
Step S2 of the present embodiment combines the configuration section program obtained in step S1 with each code section and data section of the user program into one image. Considering that the present embodiment relies on the ROM boot program to boot load the user program into the memory space for running, and the user program is compiled by the compiler, the format is generally the ELF32 format, and for the boot program, a lot of useless information is contained, so that in order to simplify the storage format of the user program solidification, an image format of the user program storage needs to be agreed. The image format requires segmentation of the program data and the bootstrap program can identify the type of segment to perform different actions. Step S2 therefore comprises in particular:
taking a preset magic word as the head of an image, as shown in fig. 4, the image in the embodiment starts with a specific magic word, so as to prevent the ROM boot program from executing meaningless codes under the condition of clear image errors;
after the header of the image, a segment loading command of at least one user program is set, as shown in fig. 5, where the segment loading command in this embodiment is used to execute the user program in the image and configure the data segment moving of the segment program, the segment loading command is composed of a header of 3 fixed words and variable length data, and the header of 3 words is a preset first flag word (0 x434D 4400), a data length len, and a destination address dest_addr of the data respectively. The total length of variable length data is len in bytes, where len is an integer multiple of 4;
if there is a configuration segment program, a segment loading command and a skip command of the configuration segment program are set in sequence before a segment loading command of the user program, as shown in fig. 6, the skip command in this embodiment is used for skipping to the execution of the configuration segment program, the skip command is composed of a fixed header and a skip address, the header is a preset second flag word (0 x434D 4401), and the skip address is a function entry of the configuration segment program. The jump command only exists when the configuration section exists, the command must be set after the section loading command of the configuration section program, the jump command returns to the main flow after the execution is finished, and the next command is continuously analyzed;
as shown in fig. 7, the jump ending command in this embodiment is used to jump to the entry address of the user program, and the jump ending command is composed of a fixed header and a jump address, the header is a preset third flag word (0 x434D 4402), and the jump address is the entry address of the user program. The jump ending command must be the last command of the image, and after executing the command, the jump-out boot program starts executing the user program.
In this embodiment, a function execution command may be set in the image according to actual needs, where the function execution command is used to execute a function cured by the ROM boot program, such as a frequency multiplication operation on a chip, a clock of a peripheral device is turned on or off, a multiplexing pin initialization operation on the chip, and so on, so that relevant configuration is further performed when the chip starts booting. Thus, step S2 further includes a step of setting a function execution command, including:
if a function execution command needs to be added, setting the function execution command before the first segment loading command in the image so as to execute a preset function to realize the functions of modifying the frequency multiplication of the chip, opening or closing a certain peripheral, multiplexing pins and the like, namely setting the function execution command before the segment loading command of the configuration segment program when the segment loading command of the configuration segment program exists, and setting the function execution command before the first segment loading command of the user program when the segment loading command of the configuration segment program does not exist. As shown in fig. 8, the function execution command is composed of a fixed header and a function interface, wherein the header is a preset fourth flag word (0 x434D 4403). Because the number and types of interface parameters of each function are different, an interface of the unified function is needed for executing the command for the unified function, in this embodiment, a function interface with variable parameters is used, and each function is defined as "void func_name (int argc, unsigned int_argv"); "format".
The image obtained in step S2 is shown in fig. 9, and the jump ending command is started by a magic word (MagicWord), the first area after the head stores function execution commands, the number of the function execution commands may be 0 according to the actual requirement, or may be multiple, the second area after the first area stores the segment loading commands and jump commands configuring the segment program, the number of the function execution commands may be 0 according to the actual requirement of the memory space size required by the user program, the number of the function execution commands may be 1 when the address is not required by default, the number of the function execution commands may be 1 when the address is required by default, and the third area after the second area stores the segment loading commands of the user program, where each user program corresponds to at least one segment loading command, that is, the segment loading command of the user program has at least one segment loading command.
In this embodiment, after the obtained image, the image data needs to be held for the ROM boot program to boot in the subsequent step, so the step S3 further includes: the image is stored in a designated storage medium or an external storage medium, wherein the designated storage medium can be an I2C EEPROM, an SPI Flash, a NandFlash, norFlash, or the like, and the external storage medium is connected with the embedded system through a designated interface (such as a UART interface).
Correspondingly, when the ROM boot program acquires and boots image data in step S3, the method includes: the ROM boot program acquires image data from a specified storage medium, or acquires image data from an external storage medium through a specified interface.
The process of booting image data after the ROM boot program acquires the image data is as shown in fig. 10, and includes the steps of:
reading head 4 bytes of data of the image, matching the head 4 bytes with a preset magic word, and continuously reading head data of a next command of the image if the matching is successful;
matching the read head 4-byte data with a preset flag word to obtain a corresponding command type;
if the data is the segment loading command, moving the data in the segment loading command to the corresponding destination address according to the destination address in the segment loading command until the data is moved, and executing the step of continuing to read the head data of the next command of the image;
if the command is a function execution command, executing a corresponding function according to a function interface of the function execution command, and executing the step of continuing to read the head data of the next command of the image after the execution is successful;
if the program is a jump command, jumping and executing a corresponding function according to a function entry of the jump command until the code of the configuration section program is run, and executing the step of continuing to read the head data of the next command of the image;
and if the jump and end command is the jump and end command, jumping and executing the user program according to the entry address of the user program of the jump and end command, and jumping out of the ROM boot program.
Correspondingly, when the code of the configuration section program is run in step S3 to perform the initialization configuration of the target memory address, the method includes:
moving the data in the section loading command of the configuration section program to the corresponding destination address until the data is moved;
jumping and executing a corresponding function according to the function entry of the jump command until the code of the configuration section program is run;
and returning and analyzing the segment loading command of the data of the user program.
Further, in step S3, when the data of the user program is moved to the memory according to the target memory address, the method includes:
traversing segment loading commands of data of each user program, and moving data in the segment loading commands of the data of the selected user program to a corresponding destination address until the data movement is completed;
and jumping and executing the user program according to the entry address of the user program of the jump ending command, and jumping out of the ROM boot program.
Example two
The present embodiment proposes an embedded system whose chip is programmed or configured to execute the configurable chip start-up booting method described in the embodiment one.
The present embodiment also proposes a storage medium storing a software program programmed or configured to perform the configurable chip start-up booting method of embodiment one.
In summary, the invention uses the same function to compile the same code segment by using the same compiler under different projects, and the configurable program operated by the ROM boot program is generated outside the ROM. The process of developing the secondary BootLoader bootstrap program by the user is omitted on the premise of realizing the same function, the configuration program is supported, the design of the configuration program is transferred from the solidified ROM bootstrap program stage to the stage of the user program, and the user-defined configuration section program is supported. The invention is verified by experiments, the result accords with the expectation, and the invention is applied to the actual chip test verification.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A configurable chip start-up boot method, comprising the steps of:
s1) stripping an initialization program segment of a target memory address from a ROM boot program, and compiling the initialization program segment according to the actual condition of hardware to obtain code data of a configuration section program;
s2) combining the configuration section program and a user program into an image;
s3) the ROM boot program acquires and guides image data, if the configuration section program is identified, the code of the configuration section program is operated to perform initialization configuration of the target memory address, and then the data of the user program is moved to the memory to operate according to the target memory address.
2. The method for booting a configurable chip according to claim 1, wherein the compiling of the initialization program segment in step S1 according to the hardware actual condition includes: the function of the initialization program segment is compiled to the specified segment by using the # pragma code_SECTION instruction, and meanwhile, the specified segment is contracted in the link script to be placed in a RAM memory area where storage is required.
3. The method for booting a configurable chip according to claim 1, wherein step S2 specifically comprises:
taking a preset magic word as the head of an image;
setting a segment loading command of at least one user program after a header of the image;
if the configuration section program exists, setting a section loading command and a jump command of the configuration section program in sequence before a section loading command of the user program;
the jump end command is set as the tail of the image.
4. The method for booting a configurable chip of claim 3 wherein the segment loading command includes corresponding data, further includes a total length of the corresponding data and a destination address, the jump command includes a function entry of an initialization program segment, and the step S3 of running the code of the configuration segment program to perform initialization configuration of a target memory address includes:
moving the data in the section loading command of the configuration section program to the corresponding destination address until the data is moved;
jumping and executing a corresponding function according to the function entry of the jump command until the code of the configuration section program is run;
and returning and analyzing the segment loading command of the data of the user program.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the jump ending command includes an entry address of the user program, and the step S3 of moving the data of the user program to the memory according to the target memory address comprises:
traversing segment loading commands of data of each user program, and moving data in the segment loading commands of the data of the selected user program to a corresponding destination address until the data movement is completed;
and jumping and executing the user program according to the entry address of the user program of the jump ending command, and jumping out of the ROM boot program.
6. A configurable chip start-up boot method according to claim 3, wherein the header of the segment load command comprises a preset first flag word, the header of the jump command comprises a preset second flag word, and the header of the jump end command comprises a preset third flag word.
7. A configurable chip start-up boot method according to claim 3, wherein step S2 further comprises the step of setting a function execution command, comprising:
if a function execution command needs to be added, setting the function execution command before the first segment of the image loads the command so as to execute a preset function.
8. The configurable chip start-up boot method according to claim 1, further comprising, prior to step S3: storing the image in a designated storage medium or an external storage medium; the step S3 when the ROM boot program obtains and boots image data includes: the ROM boot program acquires image data from a specified storage medium, or acquires image data from an external storage medium through a specified interface.
9. An embedded system, characterized in that the chip of the embedded system is programmed or configured to perform the configurable chip start-up booting method of any of claims 1-8.
10. A storage medium storing a software program programmed or configured to perform the configurable chip start-up boot method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN202310395707.6A 2023-04-13 2023-04-13 Configurable chip starting guiding method, system and medium Pending CN116610368A (en)

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