CN116606612A - 一种低熔点金属模具喷墨打印用于橡胶快速成型的方法 - Google Patents
一种低熔点金属模具喷墨打印用于橡胶快速成型的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低熔点金属模具喷墨打印用于橡胶快速成型的方法,应用但不限于打印橡胶成型模具产品。该方法经金属锡球化粉末处理、适配粘结剂配制、喷墨打印成型、脱脂烧结、橡胶成型、低温取粉等流程组成,采用喷墨打印原理将适配粘结液喷射在金属锡粉末平面上使其粘结固化,重复此过程不断叠加层数,最终形成三维模型,完成打印,再经脱脂烧结,增加其致密性,橡胶成型完成后,施加低温,产生“锡疫”现象,使锡变为粉末流出橡胶模型。本发明可广泛应用于交通运输、航空航天、机械电子等工业领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及3D喷墨打印技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于橡胶成型的、低熔点金属模具的、3D喷墨打印方法。
背景技术
橡胶制品业作为国民经济的传统重要基础性行业之一,产品种类繁多,广泛应用于交通运输、航空航天、机械电子等工业领域。近年来,橡胶制品得到了较快的发展,市场需求相对旺盛,产业结构不断进行调整,其中多种产品的产量已居世界首位。
目前橡胶成型方式中,大都需要强化成型压力或传递成型压力的工艺环境,这就离不开橡胶模具的应用,但由于市场对于橡胶制品结构的要求越来越高、越来越复杂,以至于对橡胶模具的复杂程度也越来越高,这就需要不断提高橡胶模具的成型工艺,并降低模具价格。市场上的金属锡模具大都采用机加工或浇铸制成,不但限制了结构,而且价格较高。
因此,针对上述问题,本发明开发一种低熔点金属模具喷墨打印用于橡胶快速成型的方法,可无视结构复杂程度,减少了研发周期,且大幅度降低了模具制造成本,大范围推广后可有利于橡胶制品的开发与推广。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种低熔点金属模具喷墨打印用于橡胶快速成型的方法,可广泛应用并不限于各橡胶制品领域的工业用途,满足了市场对橡胶制品结构与价格的生产需求。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种粘结剂,所述粘结剂为水基粘结剂,包括如下重量百分含量的原料:去离子水85-90%、聚乙烯醇3-4%、糊精3-4%、丙三醇0.5-1%、聚乙烯亚胺2-3%、脂肪酸0.5-1%、增粘剂1-2%。
进一步的,一种粘结剂的配制方法,包括:
(1)按照重量百分含量称量各原料,备用;
(2)向去离子水中加入聚乙烯醇,混合搅拌10-15min;
(3)加入糊精,混合搅拌20min;
(4)加入丙三醇,混合搅拌10min;
(5)加入聚乙烯亚胺,混合搅拌20min;
(6)加入脂肪酸,混合搅拌10min,控制pH值6-7;
(7)加入增粘剂,混合搅拌10min,控制溶液粘度3-5CPS,表面张力40-50mN/m;
(8)使用过滤器过滤,最大颗粒d99<0.5μm。
进一步的,搅拌速度恒定为220r/min。
进一步的,一种喷墨打印低熔点金属模具的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备金属锡球化粉末;
2)三维建模后进行切片处理,导入切片好的模型文件,喷射粘结剂,使金属锡球化粉末粘结成型;
3)成型的金属锡球化粉末进行真空脱脂烧结,得到低熔点金属模具。
进一步的,步骤1)所述金属锡球化粉末的尺寸为15-53μm,球形度高于85%。
进一步的,步骤2)所述三维建模的分层厚度<0.1mm,精度±0.1mm,粘结剂喷射量为金属锡粉末重量的1.8-2.2%,成型后,将成型缸放入烘箱中保持90℃,2h,使成型件抗拉强度>0.3MPa。
进一步的,步骤2)还包括:气吹落粉,其中压缩空气强度<0.3MPa。
进一步的,步骤3)所述烧结温度50-226℃,烧结时间为8-12h;
且烧结抗压强度在130-160℃下大于2MPa,承压时间大于2.5h。
本申请还提供一种快速生产橡胶制品的方法,包括以下步骤:
a:利用低熔点金属模具对橡胶加热挤出成型;
b:成型后置于低温箱,金属锡流出,橡胶制品完成。
进一步的,步骤a所述加热温度为130-160℃;步骤b所述低温箱温度为-14~-16℃。
进一步的,本申请适配粘结剂为一种自研专用金属锡粘结成型的粘结剂,适配粘结剂及其配制步骤的有益效果为:
(1)凝胶速度快,不易扩散,保证了成型精度;
(2)易脱除,保证成型件致密性;
(3)环保,符合国家标准。
经由上述的技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明公开提供了一种橡胶成型用低熔点金属模具喷墨打印方法,具有以下优点及突破:
(1)可成型任意结构的橡胶制品,突破了现有橡胶制品的一切结构限制;
(2)模具成型速度快,减少了设计和制作周期;
(3)金属锡的回收利用,节约了大量成本及资源消耗;
(4)填补了橡胶模具快速3D打印方面的空白,可以大范围推广使用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1附图为本发明提供的3D打印流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
1)制粉工序,将金属锡球化粉末处理,控制其球形度高于85%;使用三段筛分法,2层筛网分别为270目与800目,将金属锡粉末粒径筛分成15-53μm,用烘箱烘干备用。
2)配制粘结剂工序,搅拌速度恒定为220r/min,向850份去离子水中,加入聚乙烯醇40份,混合搅拌15min,再加入40份糊精,搅拌20min直至均匀,加入10份丙三醇,搅拌10min,加入30份聚乙烯亚胺,搅拌20min,加入10份脂肪酸,搅拌10min,pH值6.2,加入20份增粘剂,搅拌10min,粘度4.6CPS,表面张力47.6mN/m。
3)打印工序,将粉末与粘结剂放入三维喷墨打印机中,三维建模后进行切片处理,导入切片好的模型文件,喷射粘结剂,使金属锡球化粉末粘结成立体模型,此时模型处于成型缸中等待下一步工序;
4)烘干工序,将成型缸放入烘箱中保持90℃,2h,取出后用0.2MPa压缩空气清理表面浮粉,成型件抗拉强度0.55MPa。
5)脱脂烧结工序,将成型件放入脱脂烧结炉中,设置温度曲线,烧结温度室温-50℃,30min,保温10min;50-90℃,30min,保温10min;90-150℃,30min,保温10min;150-226℃,120min,保温30min;226-150℃,120min,保温30min;150-室温,60min,模具取出完成。
6)铸造工序,利用挤出成型方法,将橡胶在模具上形成所需橡胶制品,将模具放入低温箱中,温度设置为-16℃,4h,使金属锡变为粉末状流出,橡胶制品完成。
实施例2
1)制粉工序,将金属锡球化粉末处理,控制其球形度高于85%;使用三段筛分法,2层筛网分别为270目与800目,将金属锡粉末粒径筛分成15-53μm,用烘箱烘干备用。
2)配制粘结剂工序,搅拌速度恒定为220r/min,向880份去离子水中,加入聚乙烯醇35份,混合搅拌15min,再加入30份糊精,搅拌20min直至均匀,加入6份丙三醇,搅拌10min,加入30份聚乙烯亚胺,搅拌20min,加入4份脂肪酸,搅拌10min,pH值6.6,加入15份增粘剂,搅拌10min,粘度4.2CPS,表面张力43.9mN/m。
3)打印工序,将粉末与粘结剂放入三维喷墨打印机中,三维建模后进行切片处理,导入切片好的模型文件,喷射粘结剂,使金属锡球化粉末粘结成立体模型,此时模型处于成型缸中等待下一步工序;
4)烘干工序,将成型缸放入烘箱中保持90℃,2h,取出后用0.2MPa压缩空气清理表面浮粉,成型件抗拉强度0.4MPa。
5)脱脂烧结工序,将成型件放入脱脂烧结炉中,设置温度曲线,烧结温度室温-50℃,30min,保温10min;50-90℃,30min,保温10min;90-150℃,30min,保温10min;150-226℃,120min,保温30min;226-150℃,120min,保温30min;150-室温,60min,模具取出完成。
6)铸造工序,利用挤出成型方法,将橡胶在模具上形成所需橡胶制品,将模具放入低温箱中,温度设置为-16℃,4h,使金属锡变为粉末状流出,橡胶制品完成。
实施例3
1)制粉工序,将金属锡球化粉末处理,控制其球形度高于85%;使用三段筛分法,2层筛网分别为270目与800目,将金属锡粉末粒径筛分成15-53μm,用烘箱烘干备用。
2)配制粘结剂工序,搅拌速度恒定为220r/min,向900份去离子水中,加入聚乙烯醇30份,混合搅拌15min,再加入30份糊精,搅拌20min直至均匀,加入8份丙三醇,搅拌10min,加入20份聚乙烯亚胺,搅拌20min,加入2份脂肪酸,搅拌10min,pH值6.9,加入10份增粘剂,搅拌10min,粘度3.6CPS,表面张力41.8mN/m。
3)打印工序,将粉末与粘结剂放入三维喷墨打印机中,三维建模后进行切片处理,导入切片好的模型文件,喷射粘结剂,使金属锡球化粉末粘结成立体模型,此时模型处于成型缸中等待下一步工序;
4)烘干工序,将成型缸放入烘箱中保持90℃,2h,取出后用0.2MPa压缩空气清理表面浮粉,成型件抗拉强度0.32MPa。
5)脱脂烧结工序,将成型件放入脱脂烧结炉中,设置温度曲线,烧结温度室温-50℃,30min,保温10min;50-90℃,30min,保温10min;90-150℃,30min,保温10min;150-226℃,120min,保温30min;226-150℃,120min,保温30min;150-室温,60min,模具取出完成。
6)铸造工序,利用挤出成型方法,将橡胶在模具上形成所需橡胶制品,将模具放入低温箱中,温度设置为-16℃,4h,使金属锡变为粉末状流出,橡胶制品完成。
以上实施例中,以实施例2效果最佳。
进一步的,对本申请实施例1-3所得产品与传统工艺所得产品进行了以下检验:
可见,本申请技术方案模具成型速度快,减少了设计和制作周期;可对金属锡进行回收利用,节约了大量成本及资源消耗。为现代化工业快速生产橡胶模具、快速生产橡胶制品提供了新的思路和方案。
以上所述仅为本发明专利的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明专利,凡在本发明的精神及原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明专利的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种粘结剂,其特征在于,所述粘结剂为水基粘结剂,包括如下重量百分含量的原料:去离子水85-90%、聚乙烯醇3-4%、糊精3-4%、丙三醇0.5-1%、聚乙烯亚胺2-3%、脂肪酸0.5-1%、增粘剂1-2%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粘结剂的配制方法,其特征在于,包括:
(1)按照重量百分含量称量各原料,备用;
(2)向去离子水中加入聚乙烯醇,混合搅拌10-15min;
(3)加入糊精,混合搅拌20min;
(4)加入丙三醇,混合搅拌10min;
(5)加入聚乙烯亚胺,混合搅拌20min;
(6)加入脂肪酸,混合搅拌10min,控制pH值6-7;
(7)加入增粘剂,混合搅拌10min,控制溶液粘度3-5CPS,表面张力40-50mN/m;
(8)使用过滤器过滤,最大颗粒d99<0.5μm。
3.一种喷墨打印低熔点金属模具的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)制备金属锡球化粉末;
2)三维建模后进行切片处理,导入切片好的模型文件,喷射权利要求1所述的粘结剂或权利要求2所述配制方法得到的粘结剂,使金属锡球化粉末粘结成型;
3)成型的金属锡球化粉末进行真空脱脂烧结,得到低熔点金属模具。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种喷墨打印低熔点金属模具的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)所述金属锡球化粉末的尺寸为15-53μm,球形度高于85%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种喷墨打印低熔点金属模具的制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤2)所述三维建模的分层厚度<0.1mm,精度±0.1mm,粘结剂喷射量为金属锡粉末重量的1.8-2.2%,成型后,将成型缸放入烘箱中保持90℃,2h,使成型件抗拉强度>0.3MPa。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种喷墨打印低熔点金属模具的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)还包括:气吹落粉,其中压缩空气强度<0.3MPa。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种喷墨打印低熔点金属模具的制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤3)所述烧结温度50-226℃,烧结时间为8-12h。
8.根据权利要求3-7任一所述的制备方法得到的低熔点金属模具。
9.一种快速生产橡胶制品的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a:利用权利要求3-7任一所述的制备方法得到的低熔点金属模具对橡胶加热挤出成型;
b:成型后置于低温箱,金属锡流出,橡胶制品完成。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种快速生产橡胶制品的方法,其特征在于,
步骤a所述加热温度为130-160℃;
步骤b所述低温箱温度为-14~-16℃。
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