CN116606123A - 利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116606123A CN116606123A CN202310862196.4A CN202310862196A CN116606123A CN 116606123 A CN116606123 A CN 116606123A CN 202310862196 A CN202310862196 A CN 202310862196A CN 116606123 A CN116606123 A CN 116606123A
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical group [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- ASTWEMOBIXQPPV-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;phosphate;dodecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ASTWEMOBIXQPPV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052655 plagioclase feldspar Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
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- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical group [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒及其制备方法,属于固体废物资源化利用技术领域。本发明以炉排底渣、二次铝灰(SAD)和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰作为原料,原位发泡制备高强度轻质陶粒。在氧化剂条件下,通过在高温烧结之前,采用氧化剂熔点到沸点之间的温度进行低温焙烧,氧化剂在该温度下处于熔融状态,完全电离,可以适当活化混合原料中的高活性铝、硅、氮化铝等易氧化原料,而又不会造成过度反应,可以促进石英相、斜长石相和钾长石相的形成,改善陶粒的发泡性能、提高陶粒的抗压强度。而通过外加复合稳泡剂,可以进一步提高陶粒的泡孔均匀性,制备得到高强度质轻的理想陶粒。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于固体废物资源化利用,尤其涉及利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶粒是一种具有丰富孔结构的人造陶质颗粒,广泛应用于建筑骨料、水处理、吸音、重金属固化、土壤改良及生态恢复等,陶粒因为具有轻质多孔、强度适当、制作简便、成本低等优点,在屋面种植蓄水保湿材料、吸音材料等方面有着极大的应用前景。陶粒制备常采用粉末烧结制作工艺,该工艺主要是将发泡剂与原料混合搅拌,在热处理方法过程中推动发泡剂在原点产生化学反应产生气泡核。温度升高后熔体粘度降低,气泡在熔体内通过成生长发育、合并等演化,最终在熔体内部构造形成相对稳定的气孔结构。常用于形成材料孔隙的方法有:有机泡沫浸渍法、造孔剂法和发泡法等,研究表明前两种方式成孔过程中的孔隙率、孔径、孔的开口方向难以控制,不利于控制发泡程度。现有技术中多通过外加发泡剂的方式发泡制备陶粒,其中无机化学发泡剂最为常用,如碳酸氢铵、乙酸铵、碳酸钙、碳酸钠、碳化硅、硫酸盐等。为了降低成本,固体废物逐渐被用作原料制备陶粒。
铝灰是铝加工和生活垃圾焚烧产生的属于危险废物的二次灰渣(SAD),SAD通常被填埋处置,但在填埋时可能释放的化学成分(NH3、氯化物、可溶性铝)对环境影响颇大,而城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰和炉排底渣亦含有多种有害化学物质,SAD、城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰和炉排底渣等危险固体废物资源的处理方法成了行业内的迫切需求。而通过高温煅烧处理,可以在固化危险固废中的重金属的同时将二噁英类物质在高温阶段彻底分解,可以实现无害化、资源化处理,因此,将以上危险固废用于制备陶粒是理想的资源化处置方式。
专利(CN105712733B)公开了一种利用垃圾焚烧飞灰和生物质热解-气化残渣为原料制备多孔生物陶粒的方法,包括生活垃圾焚烧飞灰在气化剂存在的条件下经过高温处理后得到残余灰渣,生物质经过低温热解-高温水蒸汽气化后得到热解残渣,然后与粉煤灰、粘土、成孔剂等经过原物料的混合、造粒、干燥及高温焙烧得到多孔生物陶粒产品,既能实现飞灰和生物质热解气化残渣的无害化处理,又利用了垃圾焚烧飞灰和生物质热解残渣制备了多孔生物陶粒产品,减少了陶粒工业对天然原料的需求量。但是该专利需要外加成孔剂实现发泡。
由于SAD中含有的AlN是一种还原性发泡剂,可以被氧化并释放N2从而实现发泡作用,SAD可作为发泡剂制备陶粒。
期刊文献(“二次铝灰制备高强度陶粒及其性能研究”陈辛等,《硅酸盐通报》,第42卷第2期)为了解决制铝行业中产生的二次铝灰堆存处置问题,以二次铝灰为原料,通过水洗、圆盘造粒,再经 1200 -1400℃热处理,可以制备表观密度为 1.40 -1.82g/cm3、体积密度为 1.34 -1.81g/cm3、筒压强度为 3.7 -25.7MPa 的二次铝灰基多孔陶粒。但该文章采用二次铝灰单独作为原料制备陶粒,不能实现其他危险固废的资源化利用。
因此,有必要提供利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒及其制备方法,以炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰作为原料,原位发泡制备高强度轻质陶粒,并通过分步烧结工艺和外加复合稳泡剂,提高陶粒的泡孔均匀性,制备得到高强度质轻的理想陶粒。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题,提供了利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒及其制备方法。本发明以炉排底渣、二次铝灰(SAD)和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰作为原料,原位发泡制备高强度轻质陶粒。在氧化剂条件下,通过在高温烧结之前,将混合原料先低温干燥去除水分,避免原料中的AlN与水剧烈反应降低发泡效率,再采用氧化剂熔点到沸点之间的温度进行低温焙烧,氧化剂在该温度下处于熔融状态,完全电离,可以适当活化混合原料中的高活性铝、硅、氮化铝等易氧化原料,而又不会造成过度反应,可以促进石英相、斜长石相和钾长石相的形成,改善陶粒的发泡性能、提高陶粒的抗压强度。而通过外加复合稳泡剂,可以进一步提高陶粒的泡孔均匀性,制备得到高强度质轻的理想陶粒。
为实现上述目的,第一方面,本发明提供了利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)按配方称取炉排底渣、二次铝灰、城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰、复合稳泡剂和氧化剂,加水混合均匀,制成的生球颗粒,在105-150℃下干燥;
2)预烧结:通入空气,将干燥后的生球颗粒进行低温焙烧;
3)烧结:保持通入空气,将低温焙烧后的生球颗粒在1230-1270℃下烧结,得到所述利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒;
其中,炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的质量比为39:0.5-7:2-5;低温焙烧的温度T满足以下条件:氧化剂的熔点<T<氧化剂的沸点。
在一项优选的实施方案中,所述氧化剂选自硝酸钠、过氧化钠,其用量为炉排底渣、二次铝灰、城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰总用量的0.1-2%。
在一项优选的实施方案中,所述氧化剂为硝酸钠,低温焙烧的温度T满足以下条件:308℃<T<380℃。
在一项优选的实施方案中,所述氧化剂为为过氧化钠,低温焙烧的温度T满足以下条件:460℃<T<657℃。
在一项优选的实施方案中,所述复合稳泡剂为质量比为1:0.8-1.2:0.2-0.5的十二水磷酸钠、硼砂和三乙醇胺,所述复合稳泡剂的添加量为炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰总用量的5-15%。
在一项优选的实施方案中,步骤2)中以1-2L/min通入空气。
在一项优选的实施方案中,步骤1)中干燥时间为10-20h。
在一项优选的实施方案中,步骤2)中预烧结时间为20-40min。
在一项优选的实施方案中,步骤3)中烧结时间为10-40min。
在一项优选的实施方案中,炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的质量比为39:0.8-6.4:3。
在一项优选的实施方案中,所述炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰混合后硅铝比为1-3。
在一项优选的实施方案中,生球颗粒的直径为0.05-2cm。
在一项优选的实施方案中,步骤1)中按固液比4-6:1加水混合均匀。
在一项优选的实施方案中,步骤2)中以8-12℃/min的速度升温至预烧结温度。
在一项优选的实施方案中,步骤2)中以8-12℃/min的速度升温至烧结温度。
在一项优选的实施方案中,步骤3)中烧结后自然冷却至室温。
在一项优选的实施方案中,在按配方称取炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰之前,还包括将炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰干燥后粉碎、过筛的步骤;所述粉碎、过筛的具体工艺为:用粉碎机粉碎,过直径0.4-0.6mm的筛。
第二方面,本发明提供了上述制备方法制备得到的利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明以炉排底渣、二次铝灰(SAD)和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰作为原料,原位发泡制备高强度轻质陶粒。在氧化剂条件下,通过在高温烧结之前,将混合原料先低温干燥去除水分,避免原料中的AlN与水剧烈反应降低发泡效率,再采用氧化剂熔点到沸点之间的温度进行低温焙烧,氧化剂在该温度下处于熔融状态,完全电离,可以适当活化混合原料中的高活性铝、硅、氮化铝等易氧化原料,而又不会造成过度反应,可以促进石英相、斜长石相和钾长石相的形成,改善陶粒的发泡性能、提高陶粒的抗压强度。而通过外加复合稳泡剂,可以进一步提高陶粒的泡孔均匀性,制备得到高强度质轻的理想陶粒。
2、本发明制备得到的陶粒在粒径为0.5-2cm时,孔隙率大于55%,抗压强度可达20MPa以上。
附图说明
图1 实验材料形貌图,左:二次铝灰;中:城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰;右:炉排底渣。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步详细的阐述,下述实施例不用于限制本发明,仅用于说明本发明。以下实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,下述实施例中所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
以下原料来源,为示例性说明:
二次铝灰:购自浙江湖州京兰环保科技有限公司,原料化学成分见表1,形貌见图1;
城市垃圾焚烧飞灰:购自浙江湖州京兰环保科技有限公司,原料化学成分见表1,形貌见图1;
炉排底渣:购自浙江湖州京兰环保科技有限公司,原料化学成分见表1,形貌见图1;
其他原料均为普通市售。
表1 原料化学成分
实施例1
1)按硅铝比(硅铝比与各组分关系见表2)为3称取SAD 0.8g、城市垃圾焚烧飞灰3g及炉排底渣39g,并按质量比为1:0.8:0.5称取十二水磷酸钠、硼砂和三乙醇胺组成的复合稳泡剂4.28g,以及硝酸钠0.6g,充分混合,按固液比5:1加入去离子水,搓揉成球形泥团,制成粒径0.5 cm的圆球颗粒,在120℃下干燥12h;
2)将干燥后的生球颗粒置于100 mm×40 mm×20 mm的刚玉坩埚中,再放入KJ-T1600-L8010WQ型1600度管式炉之中,通入1.5L/min的标准空气,以10℃/min的速率升温至350煅烧30min;
3)继续通入1.5L/min的标准空气,以10℃/min的速率升温至1250℃烧结20min,当管式炉降温至400 ℃以下时将制得的陶粒取出并自然降至室温,得到所述利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒。
实施例2
1)按硅铝比为2.5称取SAD 1.9g、城市垃圾焚烧飞灰3g及炉排底渣39g,并按质量比为1:1:0.3称取十二水磷酸钠、硼砂和三乙醇胺组成的复合稳泡剂3g,以及过氧化钠0.4g,充分混合,按固液比5:1加入去离子水,搓揉成球形泥团,制成粒径1cm的圆球颗粒,在105℃下干燥20h;
2)将干燥后的生球颗粒置于100 mm×40 mm×20 mm的刚玉坩埚中,再放入KJ-T1600-L8010WQ型1600度管式炉之中,通入2L/min的标准空气,以10℃/min的速率升温至500°C煅烧20min;
3)继续通入2L/min的标准空气,以10℃/min的速率升温至1270℃烧结10min,当管式炉降温至400 ℃以下时将制得的陶粒取出并自然降至室温,得到所述利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒。
实施例3
1)按硅铝比为1.5称取SAD 6.4g、城市垃圾焚烧飞灰3g及炉排底渣39g,并按质量比为1:1.2:0.2称取十二水磷酸钠、硼砂和三乙醇胺组成的复合稳泡剂7g,以及过氧化钠0.3g,充分混合,按固液比5:1加入去离子水,搓揉成球形泥团,制成粒径2cm的圆球颗粒,在150℃下干燥8h;
2)将干燥后的生球颗粒置于100 mm×40 mm×20 mm的刚玉坩埚中,再放入KJ-T1600-L8010WQ型1600度管式炉之中,通入1L/min的标准空气,以10℃/min的速率升温至600°C煅烧40min;
3)继续通入1L/min的标准空气,以10℃/min的速率升温至1230℃烧结40min,当管式炉降温至400 ℃以下时将制得的陶粒取出并自然降至室温,得到所述利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒。
表2 不同硅铝比组分称取原料质量
对比例1
除省略步骤2)预烧结步骤(即将干燥后的生球颗粒置于100 mm×40 mm×20 mm的刚玉坩埚中,再放入KJ-T1600-L8010WQ型1600度管式炉之中,通入2L/min的标准空气后,直接以10℃/min的速率升温至1270℃烧结10min)以外,其余同实施例2。
对比例2
除步骤2)中预烧结温度为400℃以外,其余同实施例2。
对比例3
除步骤2)中预烧结温度为700℃以外,其余同实施例2。
对比例4
除十二水磷酸钠、硼砂和三乙醇胺的质量比为0.8:0.8:0.7以外,其余同实施例2。
对比例5
除十二水磷酸钠、硼砂和三乙醇胺的质量比为0.3:1:1以外,其余同实施例2。
对比例6
除十二水磷酸钠、硼砂和三乙醇胺的质量比为1:0.3:1以外,其余同实施例2。
对比例7
除将三乙醇胺替换为十二烷基苯磺酸钠以外,其余同实施例2。
测试例 陶粒性能的测定
1、陶粒抗压强度:采用KC-3数显颗粒强度测定仪进行测定,抗压强度由以下公式给出:
其中Pm是陶粒断裂的荷载,D是陶粒的直径。
2、陶粒孔隙率:采用Micromeritics Instrument公司生产的MicroActiveAutoPore V 9600 2.03.00型测压仪用压汞法测量陶粒孔隙率。测试时接触角为130°,水银温度为21.42℃,测压仪质量为63.5164 g。
实施例1-3和对比例1-7的孔隙率、抗压强度数据如表3所示。
表3 实施例1-3和对比例1-7的孔隙率、抗压强度
从表3可以看出,本发明实施例1-3制备的陶粒在粒径为0.5-2cm时,孔隙率>55%,抗压强度大于20MPa,可作为高强度陶粒使用,而对比例1-7无法同时获得高孔隙率和高抗压强度。
其中,相比实施例2,对比例1未经预烧结处理,高活性铝、硅、氮化铝等易氧化原料活化不足,液相不足且发泡效率下降,孔隙率和抗压强度均大为下降;对比例2预烧结温度低于氧化剂熔融温度,造成活化不足,液相不足且发泡效率较低,孔隙率和抗压强度均劣化;对比例3预烧结温度高于氧化剂沸点,活化过度,气体大量释放,孔隙率和抗压强度均下降;对比例4-6中稳泡剂配比不在本发明限定范围内,稳泡效果不佳,气泡规整性下降,造成孔隙率和抗压强度劣化。对比例7中将三乙醇胺替换为十二烷基苯磺酸钠后,孔隙率和抗压强度亦劣化。
最后应当说明的是,以上内容仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的简单修改或者等同替换,均不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)按配方称取炉排底渣、二次铝灰、城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰、复合稳泡剂和氧化剂,加水混合均匀,制成生球颗粒,在105-150℃下干燥;
2)预烧结:通入空气,将干燥后的生球颗粒进行低温焙烧;
3)烧结:保持通入空气,将低温焙烧后的生球颗粒在1230-1270℃下烧结,得到所述利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒;
其中,炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的质量比为39:0.5-7:2-5;低温焙烧的温度T满足以下条件:氧化剂的熔点<T<氧化剂的沸点。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化剂选自硝酸钠、过氧化钠,其用量为炉排底渣、二次铝灰、城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰总用量的0.1-2%。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化剂为硝酸钠,低温焙烧的温度T满足以下条件:308℃<T<380℃。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化剂为为过氧化钠,低温焙烧的温度T满足以下条件:460℃<T<657℃。
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述复合稳泡剂为质量比为1:0.8-1.2:0.2-0.5的十二水磷酸钠、硼砂和三乙醇胺,所述复合稳泡剂的添加量为炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰总用量的5-15%。
6.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)和步骤3)中以1-2L/min通入空气;步骤1)中干燥时间为10-20h;步骤2)中预烧结时间为20-40min;步骤3)中烧结时间为10-40min。
7.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的质量比为39:0.8-6.4:3;所述炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰混合后硅铝比为1-3;所述生球颗粒的直径为0.05-2cm。
8.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中按固液比4-6:1加水混合均匀;步骤2)中以8-12℃/min的速度升温至预烧结温度;步骤3)中以8-12℃/min的速度升温至烧结温度,烧结后自然冷却至室温。
9.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在按配方称取炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰之前,还包括将炉排底渣、二次铝灰和城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰干燥后粉碎、过筛的步骤;所述粉碎、过筛的具体工艺为:用粉碎机粉碎,过直径0.4-0.6mm的筛。
10.如权利要求1-9任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的利用二次铝灰原位发泡的陶粒。
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