CN116602295A - 反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸、异甘草素或芒柄花黄素在牧草生长调节剂中的应用 - Google Patents
反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸、异甘草素或芒柄花黄素在牧草生长调节剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A01N35/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof, directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. acetophenone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
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Abstract
本发明公开了反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸、异甘草素或芒柄花黄素在牧草生长调节剂中的应用，提供了一种牧草生长抑制剂包括作为活性成分的反式肉桂酸或对香豆酸中的一种或两种；提供了一种牧草生长促进剂，包括作为活性成分的异甘草素或芒柄花黄素中的一种或两种。本发明牧草生长抑制剂活性成分来自植物次生代谢产物，无毒无害无残留，不会污染环境；本发明牧草生长抑制剂反式肉桂酸和对香豆酸对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的生长抑制效果显著，用于清除豆科类牧草及豆科相关杂草等；反式肉桂酸和对香豆酸小剂量使用可以达到抑制牧草疯长的情况，使牧草长势更为健壮。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及牧草生长调节技术领域，特别涉及反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸、异甘草素、芒柄花黄素作为牧草生长调节剂的应用。
背景技术
农田杂草是农业生产中的重要问题之一，给农业生产造成巨大损失，同理牧草场中非种植目标牧草及其他杂草类也会成为目标牧草种植的一大限制因素，必须加大对牧草种植管理的重视。目前常用的牧草场除杂方式有人工除草、机械除草和化学除草等，化学除草即使用化学除草剂除杂草。化学除草剂近些年来广泛应用于农业除草，可以节省大量人力，备受广大农民青睐，但化学除草剂的不合理使用也带来环境污染、农药残留、有害生物抗药性等一系列重大问题。
因此，开发高效、低毒、低残留且环境友好的牧草生长调节剂非常重要。其中植物体内含有丰富的次生代谢物质，基于植物化感作用原理，一定程度上具有开发为除草剂的潜力。
反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸、异甘草素和芒柄花黄素均为植物的次生代谢产物，但目前并未发现在除草、抑制生长方向的应用；其中反式肉桂酸主要应用于酯类制备以及医药方向；对香豆酸具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗血小板聚集、保护心血管、预防和改善糖尿病及神经保护作用，主要应用于医药方向；异甘草素主要应用于医药方向、化妆品助剂以及食品添加剂等；芒柄花黄素主要应用于医药肿瘤方向。
常见牧草有禾本科牧草、豆科牧草、菊科、黎科、苋菜科等，而截形苜蓿属于豆科，截形苜蓿与大部分豆科植物遗传相似性很高，是研究豆科植物遗传学的模式植物。
发明内容
本发明针对上述牧草场除杂草存在的问题，本发明首次提供了反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸、异甘草素或芒柄花黄素在牧草生长调节剂中的应用，上述成分可作为生长抑制剂使用，且对环境友好。
本发明提供了以下技术方案：
本发明提供一种反式肉桂酸作为牧草生长抑制剂的应用，本发明提供一种对香豆酸作为牧草生长抑制剂的应用。
本发明还提供一种牧草生长抑制剂，包括作为活性成分的反式肉桂酸或对香豆酸中的一种或两种。
可选的，所述活性成分反式肉桂酸/对香豆酸的使用浓度为 25-400 μg/mL。
优选的，所述活性成分反式肉桂酸/对香豆酸的使用浓度为 400 μg/mL。
本发明还提供一种异甘草素作为牧草生长促进剂的应用，本发明还提供一种芒柄花黄素作为牧草生长促进剂的应用。
本发明还提供一种牧草生长促进剂，包括作为活性成分的异甘草素或芒柄花黄素中的一种或两种。
可选的，所述活性成分芒柄花黄素的使用浓度为 25-400 μg/mL。
优选的，所述活性成分芒柄花黄素的使用浓度为 100-200 μg/mL。
本发明具有如下优点：
1、本发明牧草生长抑制剂活性成分来自植物次生代谢产物，无毒无害无残留，不会污染环境；
2、本发明牧草生长抑制剂反式肉桂酸和对香豆酸对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的生长抑制效果显著，用于清除豆科类牧草及豆科相关杂草等；
3、反式肉桂酸和对香豆酸小剂量使用可以达到抑制牧草疯长的情况，使牧草长势更为健壮。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一种实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图引伸获得其它的实施附图。
图1：本发明实施例发芽势/发芽率/发芽指数实验数据图，A：截形苜蓿发芽势，B：紫花苜蓿发芽势，C：截形苜蓿发芽率，D：紫花苜蓿发芽率，E：截形苜蓿发芽指数，F：紫花苜蓿发芽指数；
图2：本发明实施例胚根生长实验数据图，A：截形苜蓿胚根生长，B：紫花苜蓿胚根生长；
图3：本发明实施例下胚轴生长实验数据图，A：截形苜蓿下胚轴生长，B：紫花苜蓿下胚轴生长。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。除非另有定义，本说明书所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本说明书中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是用于限制本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
1、供试植物材料
本研究所用的截形苜蓿生态型为R108，种子为青岛农业大学草业学院实验室提供；紫花苜蓿品种为三得利(Sanditi) ，种子购于百斯特种业公司。
截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿种植在青岛农业大学人工气候室，培养条件为光照/黑暗(16/8 h，23/18 ℃) ，湿度40%。分别收集初花期两种植物全株于网袋中，放置于鼓风干燥箱中37 ℃烘干，将烘干后的截形苜蓿与紫花苜蓿剪切成1~2 cm小段，使用振动式药物超微粉碎机研磨至粉末状，收集苜蓿粉于密封袋中4 ℃避光保存备用。
2、截形苜蓿水提取物制备
分别称取25 g截形苜蓿的粉末样品于1 L锥形瓶中，加入500 mL超纯水摇匀浸泡，使用封口膜封口，超声处理15 min以提高提取效率，用锡纸包裹锥形瓶，每隔一段时间将锥形瓶中样品摇动混匀，浸提24 h后得到的溶液先用4层纱布过滤，再使用真空泵通过布氏漏斗和一层定量滤纸抽滤，收集浸提液。将剩余样品重复以上步骤3次，最后将4次的浸提液混合，于40 ℃条件下真空旋转蒸发去除溶剂，得到浸提物。
3、截形苜蓿水提取物的分离与鉴定
将截形苜蓿提取液利用UPLC-MS/MS技术进行分离鉴定。数据采集仪器系统主要包括超高效液相色谱 (SHIMADZU Nexera X2) 和串联质谱 (Applied Biosystems 4500QTRAP)。检测到的质谱数据与迈维代谢自建的数据库MWDB (Metware database) 以及公开的代谢物数据库比对进行物质定性。代谢物定量是利用三重四级杆质谱的多反应监测模式(Multiple reaction monitoring，MRM) 分析完成。
4、截形苜蓿水提取液的次生代谢组检测结果
基于UPLC-MS/MS技术，经过鉴定分析，共检测出223种次生代谢物，包括生物碱、酚酸、黄酮、木质素和香豆素、萜类、甾体、鞣质和其它类。对不同分类的物质数量进行统计分析发现，酚酸类物质占比最高，为37.22%；黄酮类物质次之，为24.22%；生物碱类物质占18.83%，萜类物质占13.9%。对不同分类物质的相对含量进行统计分析发现，酚酸类物质和生物碱类物质含量最高，分别为34.57%和34.07%，黄酮类物质和萜类物质分别为14.13%和13.65%。
根据鉴定级别和相对含量对次生代谢物进行初步筛选，利用KEGG数据库(https://www.genome.jp/kegg/) 对次生代谢物进行分析发现，所有代谢物中，102种物质已被注释KEGG数据库信号通路，121种物质未被注释KEGG数据库信号通路。其中苯丙烷类代谢途径 (Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis) 富集多种酚酸类物质，包括肉桂酸、对香豆酸和阿魏酸等。异黄酮生物合成途径 (Isoflavonoid Biosynthesis) 为苯丙烷类代谢途径下游的一条通路，截形苜蓿次生代谢物中有23种物质被标注参与这一过程。这两条途径是酚酸和黄酮类物质合成的关键过程，经过分析筛选，选择两种酚酸类物质反式肉桂酸和对香豆酸，两种黄酮类物质异甘草素和芒柄花黄素进行应用。
实施例一：反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸、异甘草素、芒柄花黄素在截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿种子萌发中的应用
1.1 反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸、异甘草素、芒柄花黄素对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数的影响
实验材料：反式肉桂酸（Cinnamic acid）、对香豆酸（p-Coumaric acid）、异甘草素（Isoliquiritigenin）、芒柄花黄素（Formononetin）均购于上海源叶生物公司。
实验方法：反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸、异甘草素、芒柄花黄素分别设置浓度梯度为25、50、100、200、400 μg/mL，以截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿为受体材料，进行种子萌发试验；
在培养皿 (直径9 cm) 中放置两层滤纸，分别添加5 mL蒸馏水或不同浓度的样液，每个处理设置3个重复。截形苜蓿种子预先用砂纸打磨将种子表皮破坏，打破其种子休眠，然后将已消毒处理、大小均匀的25粒截形苜蓿种子，50粒紫花苜蓿种子分别放入不同处理的培养皿中，用封口膜将培养皿密封，防止水分散失。随后将培养皿放置于培养箱中，前3d培养条件为黑暗23 ℃，之后在光照/黑暗 (16/8 h，25/23 ℃) 条件下培养4 d。
每24 h统计一次发芽种子数，以种子胚根突破种皮且长度超过2 mm记为发芽，培养3 d时测定种子发芽势 (Gp) ，培养7 d时测定种子发芽率 (Gr) 并计算种子发芽指数(Gi) ，从每个培养皿中随机取出5株幼苗使用直尺测量其胚根长 (cm) 和下胚轴长 (cm)，计算各项指标的化感效应指数 (RI) 和综合化感效应指数 (SE) 。各项指标的计算方法如下：
发芽势 (Gp) =3 d内的正常发芽种子粒数/供试种子粒数×100%
发芽率 (Gr) =7 d内的正常发芽种子粒数/供试种子粒数×100%
发芽指数 (Gi) =∑Gt/Dt，Gt为发芽试验终期内每日发芽数，Dt为发芽日数，∑为总和。
实验数据如图1所示，分析如下：
如图1-A和图1-C所示，反式肉桂酸在浓度为400 μg/mL时对截形苜蓿的发芽势和发芽率产生了非常显著的抑制作用，分别降低了50.67%和44%；如图1-B和图1-D所示，反式肉桂酸在浓度为400 μg/mL时对紫花苜蓿的发芽势和发芽率产生了非常显著的抑制作用，分别降低了67.34%和36%。对香豆酸在浓度400 μg/mL可显著降低紫花苜蓿的发芽势和发芽率。异甘草素和芒柄花黄素也对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿发芽造成抑制作用。
如图1-E和图1-F所示，反式肉桂酸和对香豆酸能够显著抑制截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的种子发芽指数；异甘草素和芒柄花黄素也对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿发芽造成抑制作用。
1.2 反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸、异甘草素、芒柄花黄素对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿胚根生长的影响
实验数据如图2所示，分析如下：
反式肉桂酸对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的胚根生长有显著抑制作用，且随着处理浓度的增加，对胚根生长的抑制作用增强，最佳浓度用量为400 μg/mL。对香豆酸对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的胚根生长有显著抑制作用，且随着处理浓度的增加，对胚根生长的抑制作用增强，最佳浓度用量为400 μg/mL。异甘草素对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的胚根生长无显著的促进或抑制效果。芒柄花黄素对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的胚根生长有显著抑制作用。
1.3 反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸、异甘草素、芒柄花黄素对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿下胚轴生长的影响
实验数据如图3所示，分析如下：
反式肉桂酸对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的下胚轴生长有显著抑制作用，且随着处理浓度的增加，对胚根生长的抑制作用增强，最佳浓度用量为400 μg/mL。
对香豆酸对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的胚根生长有显著抑制作用，且随着处理浓度的增加，对胚根生长的抑制作用增强，最佳浓度用量为400 μg/mL。
芒柄花黄素对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的下胚轴生长具有显著促进作用，针对截形苜蓿的最佳浓度用量为100 μg/mL；针对紫花苜蓿的最佳浓度用量为200 μg/mL，可用于牧草生长促进剂，于牧草出苗期使用，促进下胚轴生长，促进牧草的生长。
实施例二：反式肉桂酸、对香豆酸在截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿中综合化感效应指数
综合发芽率、发芽指数、胚根长和下胚轴长四项指标的化感效应指数计算综合化感效应指数 (SE) 以体现不同物质对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的综合作用效果，结果显示如表1所示，计算公式如下：化感效应指数 (RI) ：RI=1-C/T(T≥C)，RI=T/C-1(T＜C)。T为处理组数据，C为对照组数据，RI＜0代表抑制作用，RI＞0代表促进作用。综合化感效应指数 (SE)= (RI1+RI2+…+RIn) /n
表1 综合化感效应指数
如表1结果所示，反式肉桂酸和对香豆酸对截形苜蓿和紫花苜蓿的生长抑制效果显著，抑制最佳用量为400μg/mL，可应用于牧草生长抑制剂，用于清除豆科类牧草及豆科相关杂草等；反式肉桂酸和对香豆酸小剂量使用可以达到抑制牧草疯长的情况，使牧草长势更为健壮。
可以理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据本发明的技术方案及本发明构思加以等同替换或改变，而所有这些改变或替换都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.反式肉桂酸作为牧草生长抑制剂的应用。
2.对香豆酸作为牧草生长抑制剂的应用。
3.一种牧草生长抑制剂，其特征在于，包括作为活性成分的反式肉桂酸或对香豆酸中的一种或两种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种牧草生长抑制剂，所述活性成分反式肉桂酸/对香豆酸的使用浓度为 25-400 μg/mL。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种牧草生长调节剂，所述活性成分反式肉桂酸/对香豆酸的使用浓度为 400 μg/mL。
6.异甘草素作为牧草生长促进剂的应用。
7.芒柄花黄素作为牧草生长促进剂的应用。
8.一种牧草生长促进剂，其特征在于，包括作为活性成分的异甘草素或芒柄花黄素中的一种或两种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种牧草生长促进剂，所述活性成分芒柄花黄素的使用浓度为 25-400 μg/mL。
10.根据权利要求8所述的一种牧草生长促进剂，所述活性成分芒柄花黄素的使用浓度为 100-200 μg/mL。
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