CN116584495A - 一种黄瓜种子包衣剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种黄瓜种子包衣剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116584495A CN116584495A CN202310861079.6A CN202310861079A CN116584495A CN 116584495 A CN116584495 A CN 116584495A CN 202310861079 A CN202310861079 A CN 202310861079A CN 116584495 A CN116584495 A CN 116584495A
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- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黄瓜种子包衣剂及其制备方法,属于种子包衣剂技术领域,所述制备方法由以下步骤组成:制备固定剂,固定药剂,微包裹,混合;所述固定药剂,将固定剂、多菌灵、阿维菌素、三唑酮、吡虫啉、多效唑、吲哚乙酸、腐殖酸混合均匀后进行超微粉碎,得到固定后的药剂;所述微包裹,将壳聚糖纳米凝胶与固定后的药剂混合均匀后,在80‑85℃下静置2‑3h后烘干,得到微包裹后的药剂;本发明能够提高黄瓜生长速度、抗病害能力、抗高湿能力、抗碱性,提高黄瓜作物生长中后期对病虫害的防治效果,避免药害的产生,还能够避免对黄瓜种子出芽速度的抑制,出苗不整齐的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及种子包衣剂技术领域,具体涉及一种黄瓜种子包衣剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
种子包衣是20世纪80年代中期研究开发的一项促进农业增产丰收的高新技术,用种衣剂包过的种子播种后,能迅速吸水膨胀,随着种子内胚胎的逐渐发育以及幼苗的不断生长,种衣剂将含有的各种有效成分缓慢地释放,被种子幼苗逐步吸收到体内,从而达到防治苗期病虫害、促进生长发育、提高作物产量的目的。
种衣剂主要由活性化学成分与非活性化学成分组成。活性化学成分主要包括植物杀菌剂、杀虫剂、肥料和植物生长调节剂;非活性化学成分主要包括活性成膜剂及试剂辅助用抑制剂,成膜剂在种子表面形成保护层,促使活性化学成分紧紧依附在种子表面,对保持药效持久具有重要作用。
黄瓜属于葫芦科,是一年生攀援草本植物,茎部细长和糙硬毛,叶片呈宽卵状心形或裂片三角形,花呈微柔毛黄白色,果实长圆形或圆柱形熟时黄绿色,种子呈狭卵形白色,花果期为夏季。黄瓜喜温暖、不耐寒冷、喜潮湿、不耐旱、强光照,黄瓜要求土层深厚,土质肥沃,有机质丰富,通气性良好,微酸至中性土。黄瓜的主要繁殖方式为种子繁殖,直播或育苗移栽。
黄瓜的病害的发病特点是来势猛,病害重,传播快,如不及时防治,将给黄瓜生产造成毁灭性的损失。在流行年份受害地块黄瓜减产20-30%,严重流行时损失达50-60%,甚至绝收,苗期、成株期均可发病,主要危害叶片。
为了降低黄瓜病害的发生,目前最常用的方法为使用种子包衣剂对黄瓜种子进行包衣处理,通过在黄瓜种子表面形成一层含有包括植物杀菌剂、杀虫剂、肥料和植物生长调节剂的保护层,从而提高黄瓜生长速度和抗病害能力。
但是现有的黄瓜种子包衣剂存在以下问题:包衣后的黄瓜种子不能在低洼易涝地和盐碱地使用,因为包衣后的黄瓜种子抗高湿能力和抗碱性差;在萌发阶段黄瓜种子对外界环境的影响是很敏感的,包衣剂往往不经稀释直接使用或低倍数稀释后再使用,包覆在黄瓜种子表面的活性成分、使用的包衣剂助剂或其他引入的杂质会对黄瓜种子和刚萌发的幼苗产生胁迫作用,从而产生药害;黄瓜种子包衣剂对黄瓜作物生长中后期对病虫害的防治效果差。
为了解决上述问题,目前最常用的方法为向黄瓜种子包衣剂中加入高活性长持效期药剂,并精准控制药剂的使用量的同时,对包衣剂成分进行处理,提高形成的保护层的致密度,从而提高耐高湿性和耐碱性;但是会造成对黄瓜种子出芽速度的抑制,而且还会导致出苗不整齐问题的发生。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供了一种黄瓜种子包衣剂及其制备方法,能够提高黄瓜生长速度、抗病害能力、抗高湿能力、抗碱性,提高黄瓜作物生长中后期对病虫害的防治效果,避免药害的产生,还能够避免对黄瓜种子出芽速度的抑制,出苗不整齐的问题。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:制备固定剂,固定药剂,微包裹,混合;
所述制备固定剂,将壳聚糖溶解在醋酸水溶液,在40-45℃下搅拌至完全溶解,然后加入壳寡糖水溶液,继续在40-45℃下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;在25-30℃下以100-120rpm的搅拌速度对混合液进行搅拌,同时向混合液中缓慢滴加聚天冬氨酸水溶液,滴加结束后加入纳米纤维素、水,继续搅拌15-20min,然后在4000-5000rpm的离心速度离心5-6min,将沉淀物置于110-115℃下烘干,得到固定剂;
所述制备固定剂步骤中,壳聚糖、醋酸水溶液、壳寡糖水溶液、聚天冬氨酸水溶液、纳米纤维素、水的质量体积比为10-12g:330-350mL:14-16mL:55-60mL:1.3-1.5g:80-85g;
所述醋酸水溶液的质量浓度为3.5-4%;
所述壳寡糖水溶液的质量浓度为0.2-0.3%;
所述聚天冬氨酸水溶液的质量浓度为9-10%;
所述聚天冬氨酸水溶液的滴加速度为12-14mL/min;
所述纳米纤维素的直径为5-20nm,长度为100-300nm;
所述固定药剂,将固定剂、多菌灵、阿维菌素、三唑酮、吡虫啉、多效唑、吲哚乙酸、腐殖酸混合均匀后进行超微粉碎10-15min,超微粉碎至细度为100-120μm,得到固定后的药剂;
所述固定药剂步骤中,固定剂、多菌灵、阿维菌素、三唑酮、吡虫啉、多效唑、吲哚乙酸、腐殖酸的质量比为200-210:80-85:15-20:30-35:25-30:3-4:1-1.5:30-35;
所述微包裹,将壳聚糖纳米凝胶与固定后的药剂混合均匀后,在80-85℃下静置2-3h后,置于110-120℃下烘干,得到微包裹后的药剂;
所述微包裹步骤中,壳聚糖纳米凝胶与固定后的药剂的质量比为60-65:100-110;
所述壳聚糖纳米凝胶的制备方法为:将壳聚糖与异丙醇混合后,在60-65℃下以100-120rpm的搅拌速度搅拌15-20min,然后加入2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、甜菜碱,继续搅拌8-9h,加入醋酸调整pH为5.5-6后,加入戊二醛,在80-85℃下以100-120rpm的搅拌速度搅拌1-1.5h,得到壳聚糖纳米凝胶;
所述壳聚糖纳米凝胶的制备中,壳聚糖、异丙醇、2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、甜菜碱、戊二醛的质量比为10-11:105-110:38-40:10-12:9-10;
所述混合,将微包裹后的药剂、膨润土、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、磷酸二氢钾、聚乙二醇4000混合均匀后,进行超微粉碎20-25min,超微粉碎至细度为50-60μm,得到黄瓜种子包衣剂;
所述混合步骤中,微包裹后的药剂、膨润土、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、磷酸二氢钾、聚乙二醇4000的质量比为200-220:40-43:6-8:7-8:20-23。
一种黄瓜种子包衣剂,由前述制备方法制得。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂能够避免对黄瓜种子出芽速度的抑制,提高黄瓜生长速度,将本发明制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂在用于黄瓜种植中,在普通黄瓜种植地上进行常规种植,7d后发芽率为93.1-93.8%,株高为6.67-6.78cm,茎粗为2.52-2.61mm,植株鲜重为0.53-0.56g,根长为6.33-6.41cm;
(2)本发明的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂能够避免药害的产生;
(3)本发明的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂能够提高黄瓜作物生长中后期对病虫害的防治效果,将本发明制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂在用于黄瓜种植中,在普通黄瓜种植地上进行常规种植,生长期的病害发生率为1.1-1.5%,结果期的病害发生率为2.4-2.9%;
(4)本发明的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂能够提高黄瓜作物的抗碱性,将本发明制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂在用于黄瓜种植中,在pH为8.5,电导率为1.62dS/m的盐碱地上种植,7d后发芽率为90.8-91.5%,株高为6.40-6.49cm,茎粗为2.41-2.48mm,植株鲜重为0.49-0.52g,根长为5.98-6.07cm,黄瓜生长期病害发生率为2.0-2.5%;
(5)本发明的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂能够提高黄瓜作物的抗高湿性,将本发明制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂在用于黄瓜种植中,在土壤绝对为30%的种植地上种植,7d后发芽率为91.2-92.0%,株高为6.42-6.46cm,茎粗为2.42-2.45mm,植株鲜重为0.48-0.51g,根长为5.81-5.88cm,黄瓜生长期病害发生率为4.1-4.5%。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
一种黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,具体为:
1.制备固定剂:将10g壳聚糖溶解在330mL质量浓度为3.5%的醋酸水溶液,在40℃下搅拌至完全溶解,然后加入14mL质量浓度为0.2%的壳寡糖水溶液,继续在40℃下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;在25℃下以100rpm的搅拌速度对混合液进行搅拌,同时向混合液中缓慢滴加55mL质量浓度为9%的聚天冬氨酸水溶液,控制滴加速度为12mL/min,滴加结束后加入1.3g纳米纤维素、80g水,继续搅拌15min,然后在4000rpm的离心速度离心5min,将沉淀物置于110℃下烘干,得到固定剂;
所述纳米纤维素的直径为5nm,长度为100nm;
2.固定药剂:将200g固定剂、80g多菌灵、15g阿维菌素、30g三唑酮、25g吡虫啉、3g多效唑、1g吲哚乙酸、30g腐殖酸混合均匀后进行超微粉碎10min,超微粉碎至细度为100μm,得到固定后的药剂;
3.微包裹:将60g壳聚糖纳米凝胶与100g固定后的药剂混合均匀后,在80℃下静置2h后,置于110℃下烘干,得到微包裹后的药剂;
所述壳聚糖纳米凝胶的制备方法为:将10g壳聚糖与105g异丙醇混合后,在60℃下以100rpm的搅拌速度搅拌15min,然后加入38g2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、10g甜菜碱,继续搅拌8h,加入醋酸调整pH为5.5后,加入9g戊二醛,在80℃下以100rpm的搅拌速度搅拌1h,得到壳聚糖纳米凝胶;
4.混合:将200g微包裹后的药剂、40g膨润土、6g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、7g磷酸二氢钾、20g聚乙二醇4000混合均匀后,进行超微粉碎20min,超微粉碎至细度为50μm,得到黄瓜种子包衣剂。
实施例2
一种黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,具体为:
1.制备固定剂:将11g壳聚糖溶解在340mL质量浓度为3.8%的醋酸水溶液,在42℃下搅拌至完全溶解,然后加入15mL质量浓度为0.25%的壳寡糖水溶液,继续在42℃下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;在28℃下以110rpm的搅拌速度对混合液进行搅拌,同时向混合液中缓慢滴加58mL质量浓度为9.5%的聚天冬氨酸水溶液,控制滴加速度为13mL/min,滴加结束后加入1.4g纳米纤维素、82g水,继续搅拌18min,然后在4500rpm的离心速度离心5.5min,将沉淀物置于112℃下烘干,得到固定剂;
所述纳米纤维素的直径为10nm,长度为200nm;
2.固定药剂:将205g固定剂、82g多菌灵、18g阿维菌素、32g三唑酮、28g吡虫啉、3.5g多效唑、1.2g吲哚乙酸、32g腐殖酸混合均匀后进行超微粉碎12min,超微粉碎至细度为110μm,得到固定后的药剂;
3.微包裹:将62g壳聚糖纳米凝胶与105g固定后的药剂混合均匀后,在82℃下静置2.5h后,置于115℃下烘干,得到微包裹后的药剂;
所述壳聚糖纳米凝胶的制备方法为:将10.5g壳聚糖与108g异丙醇混合后,在62℃下以110rpm的搅拌速度搅拌18min,然后加入39g2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、11g甜菜碱,继续搅拌8.5h,加入醋酸调整pH为5.8后,加入9.5g戊二醛,在82℃下以110rpm的搅拌速度搅拌1.2h,得到壳聚糖纳米凝胶;
4.混合:将210g微包裹后的药剂、42g膨润土、7g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、7.5g磷酸二氢钾、21g聚乙二醇4000混合均匀后,进行超微粉碎22min,超微粉碎至细度为55μm,得到黄瓜种子包衣剂。
实施例3
一种黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,具体为:
1.制备固定剂:将12g壳聚糖溶解在350mL质量浓度为4%的醋酸水溶液,在45℃下搅拌至完全溶解,然后加入16mL质量浓度为0.3%的壳寡糖水溶液,继续在45℃下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;在30℃下以120rpm的搅拌速度对混合液进行搅拌,同时向混合液中缓慢滴加60mL质量浓度为10%的聚天冬氨酸水溶液,控制滴加速度为14mL/min,滴加结束后加入1.5g纳米纤维素、85g水,继续搅拌20min,然后在5000rpm的离心速度离心6min,将沉淀物置于115℃下烘干,得到固定剂;
所述纳米纤维素的直径为20nm,长度为300nm;
2.固定药剂:将210g固定剂、85g多菌灵、20g阿维菌素、35g三唑酮、30g吡虫啉、4g多效唑、1.5g吲哚乙酸、35g腐殖酸混合均匀后进行超微粉碎15min,超微粉碎至细度为120μm,得到固定后的药剂;
3.微包裹:将65g壳聚糖纳米凝胶与110g固定后的药剂混合均匀后,在85℃下静置3h后,置于120℃下烘干,得到微包裹后的药剂;
所述壳聚糖纳米凝胶的制备方法为:将11g壳聚糖与110g异丙醇混合后,在65℃下以120rpm的搅拌速度搅拌20min,然后加入40g2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、12g甜菜碱,继续搅拌9h,加入醋酸调整pH为6后,加入10g戊二醛,在85℃下以120rpm的搅拌速度搅拌1.5h,得到壳聚糖纳米凝胶;
4.混合:将220g微包裹后的药剂、43g膨润土、8g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、8g磷酸二氢钾、23g聚乙二醇4000混合均匀后,进行超微粉碎25min,超微粉碎至细度为60μm,得到黄瓜种子包衣剂。
对比例1
采用实施例2所述的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,其不同之处在于:省略第1步制备固定剂步骤,并在第2步固定药剂步骤中使用膨润土代替固定剂的加入。
对比例2
采用实施例2所述的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,其不同之处在于:省略第3步微包裹步骤。
试验例1
分别使用实施例1-3和对比例1-2制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂对黄瓜种子进行包衣制备包衣黄瓜种子,控制黄瓜种子包衣剂与黄瓜种子的质量比为1:200,在山东省潍坊市寿光选取1块种植面积为1000m2的普通黄瓜种植地,平分为5块,每块面积为200m2,标号1-5号种植地,并在1-5号种植地之间进行物理分割;
然后分别取实施例1-3和对比例1-2的黄瓜种子包衣剂制备的包衣黄瓜种子各1000粒,并分别在1-5号黄瓜种植地上进行播种,对应管理如下:
采用常规黄瓜种植技术对1-5号种植地进行黄瓜种植,并控制1-5号种植地在播种时的密度、土壤条件、肥料管理等均一致,控制土壤绝对含水量为20%,7d后,分别统计1-5号黄瓜种植地的发芽率,并分别从1-5号黄瓜种植地随机挑选5株幼苗,测量幼苗株高、茎粗、植株鲜重、根长,并计算平均值,同时,分别观察发芽的幼苗是生长整齐还是参差不齐,是否出现药害;最终结果如下:
由上述结果可以看出,通过对固定后的药剂进行微包裹,能够避免药剂中的成分流失,而且微包裹层上具有均匀分布的多孔结构,能够使药剂能够均匀释放,避免导致有的种子能够正常发芽,有的发芽缓慢及前期药剂释放量过大的问题,从而提高了黄瓜种子出芽速度和黄瓜生长速度,还避免了发芽的幼苗参差不齐和药害的产生。
继续进行种植,整个种植期间不使用任何杀虫剂和杀菌剂,统计整个黄瓜生长期病害发生率,统计结果如下:
然后统计整个黄瓜结果期病害发生率,统计结果如下:
由上述结果可以看出,通过使用固定剂对药剂进行固定,固定剂为壳聚糖微球,能够固定药剂的同时结合于土壤中,避免药剂的流失,从而提高黄瓜作物生长中后期对病虫害的防治效果。
试验例2
分别使用实施例1-3和对比例1-2制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂对黄瓜种子进行包衣制备包衣黄瓜种子,控制黄瓜种子包衣剂与黄瓜种子的质量比为1:200,在山东省潍坊市滨海经济技术开发区选取1块种植面积为1000m2的盐碱地,盐碱地的pH为8.5,电导率为1.62dS/m,将盐碱地平分为5块,每块面积为200m2,标号1-5号种植地,并在1-5号种植地之间进行物理分割;
然后分别取实施例1-3和对比例1-2的黄瓜种子包衣剂制备的包衣黄瓜种子各1000粒,并分别在1-5号黄瓜种植地上进行播种,对应管理如下:
采用常规黄瓜种植技术对1-5号种植地进行黄瓜种植,并控制1-5号种植地在播种时的密度、土壤条件、肥料管理等均一致,控制土壤绝对含水量为20%,7d后,分别统计1-5号黄瓜种植地的发芽率,并分别从1-5号黄瓜种植地随机挑选5株幼苗,测量幼苗株高、茎粗、植株鲜重、根长,并计算平均值,同时,分别观察发芽的幼苗是生长整齐还是参差不齐,是否出现药害;最终结果如下:
继续进行种植,整个种植期间不使用任何杀虫剂和杀菌剂,统计整个黄瓜生长期病害发生率,统计结果如下:
由上述结果可以看出,通过使用加入固定剂对药剂进行固定,及对固定后的药剂进行微包裹,能够避免盐碱地对黄瓜种子的影响;
经进一步分析,固定剂起到了固定保护的作用,能够将药剂结合与固定剂的微球结构中,避免盐碱地土壤对药剂的影响;而微包裹结构能够起到阻止盐碱地中的离子对包衣膜的破坏作用。
试验例3
分别使用实施例1-3和对比例1-2制备的黄瓜种子包衣剂对黄瓜种子进行包衣制备包衣黄瓜种子,控制黄瓜种子包衣剂与黄瓜种子的质量比为1:200,在山东省潍坊市寿光选取1块种植面积为1000m2的普通黄瓜种植地,将普通黄瓜种植地平分为5块,每块面积为200m2,标号1-5号种植地,并在1-5号种植地之间进行物理分割;
然后分别取实施例1-3和对比例1-2的黄瓜种子包衣剂制备的包衣黄瓜种子各1000粒,并分别在1-5号黄瓜种植地上进行播种,对应管理如下:
除水量控制外,采用常规黄瓜种植技术对1-5号种植地进行黄瓜种植,并控制1-5号种植地在播种时的密度、土壤条件、肥料管理等均一致,控制土壤绝对含水量为30%,7d后,分别统计1-5号黄瓜种植地的发芽率,并分别从1-5号黄瓜种植地随机挑选5株幼苗,测量幼苗株高、茎粗、植株鲜重、根长,并计算平均值,同时,分别观察发芽的幼苗是生长整齐还是参差不齐,是否出现药害;最终结果如下:
继续进行种植,整个种植期间不使用任何杀虫剂和杀菌剂,统计整个黄瓜生长期病害发生率,统计结果如下:
由上述结果可以看出,通过使用加入固定剂对药剂进行固定,及对固定后的药剂进行微包裹,能够避免高湿环境对黄瓜种子的影响;
经进一步分析,固定剂的固定保护的作用能够避免药剂随着土壤中的水分流失;而微包裹结构能够起到吸水阻水的作用,从而避免水分进入黄瓜种子和固定后的药剂,对黄瓜种子和药剂的破坏。
除非另有说明,本发明中所采用的百分数均为质量百分数。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,其特征在于,由以下步骤组成:制备固定剂,固定药剂,微包裹,混合;
所述制备固定剂,将壳聚糖溶解在醋酸水溶液,在40-45℃下搅拌至完全溶解,然后加入壳寡糖水溶液,继续在40-45℃下搅拌均匀,得到混合液;在25-30℃下对混合液进行搅拌,同时向混合液中缓慢滴加聚天冬氨酸水溶液,滴加结束后加入纳米纤维素、水,继续搅拌,然后离心,将沉淀物烘干,得到固定剂;
所述固定药剂,将固定剂、多菌灵、阿维菌素、三唑酮、吡虫啉、多效唑、吲哚乙酸、腐殖酸混合均匀后进行超微粉碎,得到固定后的药剂;
所述微包裹,将壳聚糖纳米凝胶与固定后的药剂混合均匀后,在80-85℃下静置2-3h后烘干,得到微包裹后的药剂;
所述混合,将微包裹后的药剂、膨润土、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、磷酸二氢钾、聚乙二醇4000混合均匀后,进行超微粉碎,得到黄瓜种子包衣剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备固定剂步骤中,壳聚糖、醋酸水溶液、壳寡糖水溶液、聚天冬氨酸水溶液、纳米纤维素、水的质量体积比为10-12g:330-350mL:14-16mL:55-60mL:1.3-1.5g:80-85g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备固定剂步骤中,所述醋酸水溶液的质量浓度为3.5-4%;
所述壳寡糖水溶液的质量浓度为0.2-0.3%;
所述聚天冬氨酸水溶液的质量浓度为9-10%;
所述纳米纤维素的直径为5-20nm,长度为100-300nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备固定剂步骤中,所述聚天冬氨酸水溶液的滴加速度为12-14mL/min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述固定药剂步骤中,固定剂、多菌灵、阿维菌素、三唑酮、吡虫啉、多效唑、吲哚乙酸、腐殖酸的质量比为200-210:80-85:15-20:30-35:25-30:3-4:1-1.5:30-35。
6.根据权利要求1所述的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述微包裹步骤中,壳聚糖纳米凝胶与固定后的药剂的质量比为60-65:100-110。
7.根据权利要求1所述的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述壳聚糖纳米凝胶的制备方法为:将壳聚糖与异丙醇混合后,在60-65℃下搅拌,然后加入2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、甜菜碱,继续搅拌,调整pH为5.5-6后,加入戊二醛,在80-85℃下搅拌,得到壳聚糖纳米凝胶。
8.根据权利要求7所述的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述壳聚糖纳米凝胶的制备中,壳聚糖、异丙醇、2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵、甜菜碱、戊二醛的质量比为10-11:105-110:38-40:10-12:9-10。
9.根据权利要求1所述的黄瓜种子包衣剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合步骤中,微包裹后的药剂、膨润土、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、磷酸二氢钾、聚乙二醇4000的质量比为200-220:40-43:6-8:7-8:20-23。
10.一种黄瓜种子包衣剂,其特征在于,由权利要求1-9任一项所述的制备方法制得。
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