CN116576891A - 用于检测至少一个物理变量的传感器设备 - Google Patents

用于检测至少一个物理变量的传感器设备 Download PDF

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CN116576891A
CN116576891A CN202310048170.6A CN202310048170A CN116576891A CN 116576891 A CN116576891 A CN 116576891A CN 202310048170 A CN202310048170 A CN 202310048170A CN 116576891 A CN116576891 A CN 116576891A
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sensor
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circuit board
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sensor device
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克里斯托夫•博肯霍夫
罗伯特·梅森巴赫
尼克·霍夫
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Balluff GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/24—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance
    • G01D5/2405—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance by varying dielectric
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/24—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/96—Touch switches
    • H03K17/962—Capacitive touch switches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D2205/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of means for transferring or converting the output of a sensing member
    • G01D2205/10—Detecting linear movement
    • G01D2205/18—Detecting linear movement using magnetic means not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/96—Touch switches
    • H03K2017/9602—Touch switches characterised by the type or shape of the sensing electrodes
    • H03K2017/9604—Touch switches characterised by the type or shape of the sensing electrodes characterised by the number of electrodes
    • H03K2017/9606—Touch switches characterised by the type or shape of the sensing electrodes characterised by the number of electrodes using one electrode only per touch switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/96—Touch switches
    • H03K2217/96015—Constructional details for touch switches
    • H03K2217/96023—Details of electro-mechanic connections between different elements, e.g.: sensing plate and integrated circuit containing electronics

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于检测至少一个物理变量的传感器设备，包括外壳、布置在外壳中的至少一个传感器元件、布置在外壳中并且包括电路布置的至少一块电路板、以及布置在外壳上的用于执行输入操作的至少一个输入装置，所述输入操作在所述电路布置中被处理以影响传感器性质，其特征在于，为了实现触敏效果，所述输入设备包括致动区域和电容区域，所述致动区域布置在外壳壁上并且对于电场是可渗透的，所述电容区域布置在电路板上或者作为电路板的一部分形成，并且在于，所述电路板布置在所述外壳中，使得所述电容区域直接位于所述致动区域的下方。

Description

用于检测至少一个物理变量的传感器设备
技术领域
本发明涉及用于检测至少一个物理变量的传感器设备。
背景技术
此类传感器设备例如用作位置测量系统。这种位置测量系统例如检测工作活塞沿气缸的缸轴线的位置。例如，这里使用霍尔效应检测该位置。
这种传感器设备例如从DE 10 2019 203 878 A1已知。此传感器设备包括传感器电路板，该传感器电路板分配有用于检测第一物理变量的第一传感器阵列和用于检测电容的第二传感器阵列，以及用于处理第一传感器阵列和第二传感器阵列的传感器信号的处理设备，以及传感器外壳，所述传感器外壳具有其中容纳传感器电路板的凹部，所述第二传感器阵列包括导电传感器板，所述导电传感器板被容纳在所述凹部中并且具有接触设备，所述接触设备具有弹性接触弹簧。所述接触设备允许传感器板与传感器电路板的非正和导电耦合。
用于检测第一物理变量的第一传感器阵列可以被设计为例如检测磁通密度或磁场强度或温度等。为了提供输入可能性，传感器设备包括第二传感器阵列，第二传感器阵列被设计为检测电容。这允许在不使用例如微动开关等移动部件的情况下检测操作员的操作意图。在此传感器设备中，触敏传感器板借助于弹性接触弹簧以复杂方式连接到传感器电路板，此接触弹簧允许传感器板与传感器电路板的摩擦啮合和导电耦合。这种设计不仅需要复杂的生产和组装，而且还需要用于布置传感器板的相应安装空间。
此外，还存在其中例如使用按钮的传感器。此类按钮同样需要大量的空间和进一步的结构元件。它们阻止了日益增长的小型化。而且，由于湿气/水进入，机械按钮会磨损，并且必须被密封。在许多情况下，按钮非常小，以致还需要工具(例如销)来致动。
还已知的是借助于特殊调整工具(例如磁体)进行输入的可能性，所述特殊调整工具从外部无接触地允许安装在外壳内部并与磁体协作的开关组件上的不同切换状态。专门为此目的提供的电路板上的光学按钮、电阻按钮或电容按钮也是可以想象的。然而，光学按钮需要防止外界光线和灰尘。电阻按钮对灰尘和湿气敏感。电容按钮设置在专门为此目的提供的电路板上，其成本高，并且使构造和制造过程复杂化。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种传感器设备，其中用户可以对传感器设备中的传感器信号的处理产生直接影响，并且克服了上述缺点。
发明内容
此目的通过具有本发明特征的传感器设备实现。由于电容区域直接布置在电路板上或者作为电路板的整体部分，并且电路板在外壳中的定位使得电容区域直接位于布置在外壳壁中的致动区域的下方，因此实现了紧凑、容易实现的结构。特别地，可以省去额外的部件，诸如额外的传感器板等。相反，电容区域直接形成在电路板上或者作为电路板的整体部分。
此布置不仅允许低的空间需求，而且可以以简单方式生产，特别是经济地生产，并且与例如机械解决方案相比，此布置也是无磨损的。此外，与光学解决方案相比，此布置的特征在于低能量需求。它还具有抗振动能力。此外，它还耐腐蚀。由于电路板实际上可以采取任何形式，例如笔直、弯曲、圆形形式等，因此形成在电路板上或者作为电路板的一部分的传感器区域可以容易地适应于弯曲或圆形的外壳轮廓。
本发明的一个特别有利的方面规定了，电容区域布置在电路板的边缘上，并且电路板垂直于致动区域布置，使得电路板的边缘和布置在其上的电容区域位于接触区域下方。由于电容区域在电路板的边缘上的此布置，没有电路板面用于形成电容区域。因此，电路板面可完全用于电路布置。
本发明的一个特别有利的方面规定了，通过电路板边缘的金属化，在电路板边缘上实现电容区域。以这种方式，可以完全省去额外的部件，例如布置在电路板等的边缘上的金属条。侧边缘的金属化是电路板生产中的标准工艺，其成本非常低。因此，与现有技术已知的解决方案中的情况一样，不需要额外的部件。此外，金属化的侧边缘以小得多的公差实现，这允许传感器设备的外壳或者外壳壁中的致动区域的壁厚更小，所述致动区域对于电场是可渗透的。
本发明的一个特别有利的方面规定了，外壳具有细长立方体的形式，其宽度小于其高度，并且其高度小于其长度，使得存在两个长窄外壳面和两个长宽外壳面，并且使得致动区域布置在长窄外壳面中，并且电路板布置成平行于长宽外壳面。这种外壳形式在开始描述的气缸的位置检测中格外非常有利，因为此外壳可以插入气缸上的对应凹部中。在这种情况下，细长电路板在一定程度上直立安装在外壳中，并且其金属化边缘与其中布置有致动区域的长窄外壳表面相对。结果，长的致动区域也是可实现的，这允许对应的各种电路选项。
致动区域有利地大于电容区域，使得电容区域完全位于致动区域中。
致动区域由高介电常数的材料构成，使得可以电容性地进行可靠的致动。
所述传感器设备可以执行不同的任务。特别地，所述传感器可以是来自以下组的传感器：磁场传感器、加速度传感器、温度传感器、压力传感器、流量传感器、亮度传感器。所述传感器设备特别有利地与磁场传感器一起使用，以便允许如上已描述的使用霍尔效应检测气缸中活塞的位置。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明的传感器设备的等距视图；
图2示出布置在图1所示的传感器设备中的电路板的等距侧视图；以及
图3示出用于检测和评估传感器信号的电路布置。
具体实施方式
传感器设备在图1中示意性地示出，并且可用于例如检测工作活塞沿气缸的缸轴线的位置。此传感器设备包括外壳100，外壳100具有基本上细长立方体的形式，其宽度B小于其高度H，并且其高度H远小于其长度L。立方体具有圆形端面105、以及两个长窄外壳面110和两个长宽外壳面120。致动区域130布置在长窄外壳面110之一中，并且由高介电常数的材料制成。外壳本身可以由广泛不同的非导电材料制成。在外壳100中布置有电路板200，电路板200类似地具有适应于外壳尺寸的细长形状。三个霍尔元件230布置在电路板200上，并且例如用于检测其中布置有传感器设备的活塞缸单元的活塞的位置。此外，用于处理传感器信号的开关设备(未示出)被布置在电路板200上。电路板200在边缘上具有金属化220。此边缘在电路板200的安装状态下被布置成与致动区域130相对。在此，电路板200平行于长宽外壳面120延伸；它垂直于长窄外壳面110。金属化边缘220在此直接位于致动区域130的下方。致动区域130大于电路板200的金属化边缘220。连接线210一方面用于提供能量，另一方面用于读取传感器数据，并且通向电路板200。
用于检测和评估传感器信号的电路布置在图3中示出。操作者的手指310布置在电容区域315上方。电容区域315受到接近的手指310的影响。电阻器320用作下游电路的ESD保护。
提供采样电容器330。附图标记300表示感测控制器，其借助于采样电容器330检测区域315的电容的变化，并将其译为数字信息。这里，使用本身已知的电荷转移获取原理。为了确定区域315的电容变化，纯粹原理上来讲，也可以采用其他方法。感测控制器300可以均由分立部件构成，可以作为单个集成电路实现，或者也可以包含集成在微型计算机中。
电路板200在外壳100中以一定程度直立布置，使得金属化边缘220与致动区域130相对。侧边缘的金属化是电路板生产中的标准工艺，其成本非常低。因此不需要用作传感器元件的附加电路板。此外，金属化的侧边缘220可以以小得多的公差实现，从而使得位置测量系统的外壳的较小壁厚成为可能。外边缘例如可借助于激光工艺，以几μm内的精度来实现。金属化本身类似地只有几μm范围内的公差。因此，当包覆成型传感器时，可以使用小得多的壁厚来工作，因为外壳壁只需补偿较小的公差。离电容区域的距离越短，电容区域本身便可以越小且同时保持相同的灵敏度。
由于结构的紧凑，必须将功耗以及因此将固有热量降至最低。电容区域形式的具有触敏效果的输入设备节省了电力和空间，并且特别适合于非常小的位置传感器中的集成。除了阻尼之外，还可以通过金属化边缘220形式的电容区域来测量周围环境中的湿度，并且由此可以获得附加的状态监测信息。此解决方案的进一步优点在于以下事实，电路板可以采取任何形式，例如直线、弯曲或圆形形式，并且因此可以在一定程度上遵循任何外壳形式。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于检测至少一个物理变量的传感器设备，包括外壳(100)、布置在所述外壳(100)中的至少一个传感器元件、布置在所述外壳(100)中并且包括电路布置的至少一块电路板(220)、以及布置在所述外壳(100)上的用于执行输入操作的至少一个输入设备，所述输入操作在所述电路布置中被处理以影响传感器性质，
其特征在于，为了实现触敏效果，所述输入设备包括致动区域(130)和电容区域(220)，所述致动区域(130)布置在外壳壁(110)上并且对于电场是可渗透的，所述电容区域(220)布置在所述电路板(200)上或者作为所述电路板的一部分形成，并且在于，所述电路板(200)布置在所述外壳(100)中，使得所述电容区域(220)直接位于所述致动区域(130)的下方。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传感器设备，其特征在于，所述电容区域(220)布置在所述电路板(200)的边缘上，并且所述电路基板(200)垂直于所述致动区域(130)布置，使得所述电路板(200)的边缘和布置在其中的所述电容区域(220)位于所述致动区域(130)下方。
3.根据权利要求2所述的传感器设备，其特征在于，所述电容区域(220)通过所述电路板(200)的边缘的金属化而在所述电路板(200)的边缘上实现。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器设备，其特征在于，所述外壳(100)具有细长立方体的形式，所述细长立方体的宽度(B)小于其高度(H)，并且所述细长立方体的高度(H)小于其长度(L)，使得存在两个长窄外壳面(110)和两个长宽外壳面(120)，并且在于，所述致动区域(130)布置在长窄外壳面(110)中，并且在于，所述电路板(200)布置成平行于长宽外壳面(120)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器设备，其特征在于，所述致动区域(130)大于所述电容区域(220)，使得所述电容区域(220)完全位于所述致动区域(130)中。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器设备，其特征在于，所述致动区域(130)由具有高介电常数的材料制成。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的传感器设备，其特征在于，所述传感器是来自以下组的传感器：磁场传感器、加速度传感器、温度传感器、压力传感器、流量传感器和亮度传感器。
CN202310048170.6A 2022-02-08 2023-01-31 用于检测至少一个物理变量的传感器设备 Pending CN116576891A (zh)

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