CN116571254A - 一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料及制备方法和应用。本发明通过简单的溶剂热法制备了具有特定{110}与{102}高活性晶面共暴露2D BiOBr纳米片,进一步水热在其表面原位生长0D半金属Bi0,得到Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料。该材料在MW驱动下对全氟辛酸(PFOA)展现了超高的催化活性,在含氟环境水体净化方面具有潜在的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于吸波材料制备领域,特别涉及一种高活性{110}与{102}晶面共暴露的Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料及制备方法和在全氟烷基化物降解方面的应用。
背景技术
全氟辛酸(PFOA)是一种自20世纪50年代以来大量生产的全氟烷基化合物,由于具有热稳定性、化学稳定性和表面活性等性质,被广泛应用于各种工业过程和产品中,如防水和防油剂、消防泡沫、润滑剂、表面活性剂和涂料等。PFOA可通过摄取、吸入、皮肤接触等被人体吸收,导致人体中过氧物酶体繁殖,影响能量传递、破坏细胞膜等,从而诱发癌症、肝肿大等疾病。PFOA中的C-F键具有超高的键解离能,使其分子结构稳定,很难自然降解。水体中的PFOA可随食物链进入人体,严重威胁着人类的生命健康。因此,寻找高效去除环境水体中PFOA污染的新方法迫在眉睫,这是关乎未来环境可持续发展的关键因素。
微波(MW)协同吸波材料的催化技术,具有反应活化能低、反应速率快等优点,已被广泛应用于环境污染控制方面的研究,并取得了显著成果。该技术的核心是构建高MW响应、丰富活性位点、结构稳定的MW催化材料。
BiOBr具有独特的层状结构,交替的[Bi2O2]2+层和Br-层有利于载流子分离及物质的层间迁移,具有良好的插层、吸附和MW吸收性能。此外,由于BiOBr不同晶面的各向异性,可以通过调控不同暴露晶面来调整BiOBr的性质。但单纯的BiOBr载流子分离效率低,构建肖特基结是提升载流子寿命的有效途径。半金属Bi0是一种廉价易得的绿色金属,常扮演电子供体和导体的角色,且具有局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)效应。
发明内容
为了解决上述存在的技术问题,本发明提供一种高活性{110}与{102}晶面共暴露的Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料,将Bi0负载于BiOBr上有利于提升材料对MW能的吸收。并在协同MW催化降解PFOA过程中展现了优异的催化活性。
本发明采用的技术方案是:一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料,是在{110}与{102}晶面共暴露BiOBr纳米片表面原位生长0D半金属Bi0,获得的Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料。
进一步的,上述的一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料,按质量百分比,Bi0的负载量为5~20%。
一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1){110}与{102}晶面共暴露BiOBr纳米片制备:取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和KBr溶解在去离子水中,调节溶液pH至4.0,室温下搅拌1h后,转移至反应釜中,加热至160℃,保持24h,所得产物洗涤,干燥,得到BiOBr{110/102}纳米片。
2)取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于乙二醇中,加入BiOBr{110/102}纳米片,室温下超声分散1h后,转移到反应釜中,加热至160℃,保持12h,所得产物洗涤,干燥,得到Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料。
本发明提供的一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料在降解有机污染物中的应用。
进一步的,Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料协同微波降解有机污染物。
进一步的,所述有机污染物是全氟烷基化物。
进一步的,方法如下:调节含有全氟烷基化物废水的pH为2~8,加入Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料,微波辐射,进行降解。
进一步的,所述微波辐射,微波功率为700W。
进一步的,全氟烷基化物的初始浓度为10mg L-1。
进一步的,Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料的加入量为15~30mg
本发明的有益效果是:
1、BiOBr的不同晶面具有各向异性,可以通过调控不同暴露晶面来调整BiOBr的性质。本发明通过简单的溶剂热法制备了具有特定{110}与{102}高活性晶面共暴露的2DBiOBr纳米片,调控BiOBr纳米片表面电子结构及活性位点,进一步在其侧面边缘原位生长0D半金属Bi0,制备了0D/2D Bi0/BiOBr肖特基吸波材料;MW驱动0D/2D Bi0/BiOBr催化下,仅5min对全氟辛酸(PFOA)具有超高的催化活性。
2、本发明制备的Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料在MW驱动下对全氟烷基类化合物PFOA展现了超高的催化活性,在含氟环境水体净化方面具有潜在的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是不同样品的XRD图谱。
图2是BrOBr{110/102}的SEM图像(a)和TEM(b)图像。
图3是Bi0/BrOBr{110/102}的SEM图像(a)和TEM(b)图像。
图4是不同处理方式对PFOA去除效果对比。
图5是不同Bi0负载量对PFOA催化活性对比。
具体实施方式
实施例1一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料的制备
(一)高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料(5% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102})
制备方法如下:
1、{110}与{102}晶面共暴露BiOBr纳米片的制备:
称取1.9740g Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和0.4760g KBr溶解在60mL去离子水中,用1M NaOH调节溶液pH至4.0,在室温下搅拌1h后,将所得混合溶液转移至100mL反应釜中,加热至160℃,保持24h,洗涤,干燥,得到{110}与{102}晶面共暴露BiOBr纳米片,标记为BiOBr{110/102}。
2、5% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料的制备:
称取0.0314g Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于40mL的乙二醇中,加入0.2570g BiOBr{110/102}纳米片,在室温下超声分散1h后,将所得混合溶液转移到100mL反应釜中,加热至160℃,保持12h,洗涤,干燥,得到Bi0负载量为5%的Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料,标记为5%Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}。
(二)高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料(10% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102})
制备方法如下:
1、{110}与{102}晶面共暴露BiOBr纳米片的制备:同(一)
2、10% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料的制备:
称取0.0628g Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于40mL的乙二醇中,加入0.2570g BiOBr{110/102}纳米片,在室温下超声分散1h后,将所得混合溶液转移到100mL反应釜中,加热至160℃,保持12h,洗涤,干燥,得到Bi0负载量为10%的Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料,标记为10% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}。
(三)高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料(15% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102})
制备方法如下:
1、{110}与{102}晶面共暴露BiOBr纳米片的制备:同(一)
2、15% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料的制备:
称取0.0942g Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于40mL的乙二醇中,加入0.2570g BiOBr{110/102}纳米片,在室温下超声分散1h后,将所得混合溶液转移到100mL反应釜中,加热至160℃,保持12h,洗涤,干燥,得到Bi0负载量为15%的Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料,标记为15% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}。
(四)高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料(20% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102})
制备方法如下:
1、{110}与{102}晶面共暴露BiOBr纳米片的制备:同(一)
2、20% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料的制备:
称取0.1256g Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于40mL的乙二醇中,加入0.2570g BiOBr{110/102}纳米片,在室温下超声分散1h后,将所得混合溶液转移到100mL反应釜中,加热至160℃,保持12h,洗涤,干燥,得到Bi0负载量为20%的Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料,标记为20% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}。
(五)对比例——主暴露{102}晶面Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料:
制备方法如下:
1、主暴露{102}晶面BiOBr纳米片的制备:
称取1.9740g Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和0.4760g KBr溶解在60mL去离子水中,在室温下搅拌1h后,将所得混合溶液转移至100mL反应釜中,加热至160℃,保持24h,洗涤,干燥,得到主暴露{102}晶面BiOBr纳米片,标记为BiOBr{102}。
2、15% Bi0/BiOBr{102}复合吸波材料的制备:
称取0.0942g的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于40mL的乙二醇中,加入0.2570g BiOBr{102}纳米片,在室温下超声分散1h后,将所得混合溶液转移到100mL反应釜中,加热至160℃,保持12h,洗涤,干燥,得到Bi0负载量为15%的Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料,标记为15%Bi0/BiOBr{102}。
(六)表征
1、图1是不同样品的XRD图谱。由图1可以看出,构建的BiOBr{110/102}与BiOBr{102}材料的衍射峰与BiOBr标准卡片(JCPDS No.73-2601)匹配良好,其位于2θ=21.99°,25.26°,31.81°,32.31°,39.43,46.34°,57.30°的衍射峰分别对应于BiOBr的{002}、{011}、{102}、{110}、{112}、{020}和{212}晶面。明显地,BiOBr{110/102}中{102}与{110}晶面的衍射峰强度相当,说明高活性{102}与{110}晶面的共暴露,BiOBr{102}中{102}晶面峰强度明显高于{110}晶面峰强,说明主要暴露高活性{102}晶面。进一步负载Bi0后的Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}和Bi0/BiOBr{102}复合材料中,在2θ=27.16°,37.94°和39.61°处出现了新的衍射峰,对应金属Bi0的{012}、{104}和{110}晶面(JCPDS No.44-1246)。
2、图2是BrOBr{110/102}的SEM图像(a)和TEM(b)图像。由图2可以看出,通过SEM和TEM图像可以观察到BiOBr{110/102}呈2D纳米片结构,且表面非常光滑。
3、图3是Bi0/BrOBr{110/102}的SEM图像(a)和TEM(b)图像。由图3可以看出,Bi0沿着BiOBr{110/102}纳米片的侧面边缘生长,且Bi0尺寸约2-5nm,TEM图也证明了这一点,说明在Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}合成过程中Bi0的生长位置具有高选择性。
实施例2高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料在降解有机污染物中的应用
本实施例全氟烷基化物选用全氟辛酸(PFOA)为例,进行说明,但全氟烷基化物并不限定为全氟辛酸。
(一)不同方法对PFOA去除效果的影响
分别量取50mL 10mg L-1的全氟辛酸(PFOA)标准溶液于250mL三颈烧瓶,溶液的pH为4.2:
①加入20mg Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料,吸附5min;
②仅在微波功率为700W下微波辐射5min;
③加入20mg BrOBr{110/102},协同微波功率为700W下微波辐射5min;
④加入20mg 15%Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料,协同微波功率为700W下微波辐射5min;
⑤加入20mg 15%Bi0/BiOBr{102}复合吸波材料,协同微波功率为700W下微波辐射5min;
取样后,采用荧光光度计进行含量监测,结果如表1和图4。
表1不同方法对PFOA去除效果对比
由表1和图4可以看出,单独MW辐射对PFOA的降解作用几乎可以忽略,Bi0/BrOBr{110/102}对PFOA单独吸附5min去除率仅为24.1%。BrOBr{110/102}单体在MW驱动下,5min内对PFOA的降解效率为37.5%,而Bi0/BrOBr{110/102}复合材料对PFOA的降解效率可达97.7%,并高于Bi0/BrOBr{102}对PFOA的降解效果(75.5%),展现了较高的催化活性。
(二)不同Bi0负载量对PFOA去除效果的影响
方法:分别量取50mL 10mg L-1的全氟辛酸(PFOA)溶液于250mL三口圆底烧瓶中,溶液的pH为4.2,分别加入20mg 5% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}、10% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}、15%Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}和20% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102},在微波功率为700W下微波辐射5min。取样,采用荧光光度计进行含量监测,结果如表2和图5。
表2不同Bi0负载量对PFOA降解效率的影响
由表2和图5可以看出,MW辐射下,Bi0/BrOBr{110/102}对PFOA的催化降解效果随着Bi0负载量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,Bi0负载量为15%的15% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料在5min内对PFOA的降解效率最佳。
(三)Bi0/BrOBr{110/102}用量对PFOA去除效果的影响
方法:分别量取50mL 10mg L-1的全氟辛酸(PFOA)溶液于250mL三口圆底烧瓶中,溶液的pH为4.2,分别加入10mg,15mg,20mg,25mg和30mg的15%Bi0/BiOBr{110/102},在微波功率为700W下微波辐射5min。取样,采用荧光光度计进行含量监测,结果如表3。
表3催化剂用量对PFOA降解效果的影响
随着催化剂用量的增加,降解效率也随之增大。催化剂用量为20mg时,降解率可达到97.7%,进一步增加用量催化效率没有明显提升。
(四)反应时间对PFOA去除效果的影响
方法:分别量取50mL 10mg L-1的全氟辛酸(PFOA)溶液于250mL三口圆底烧瓶中,溶液的pH为4.2,加入20mg 15% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102},在微波功率为700W下微波辐射1~6min。每隔1min取样,采用荧光光度计进行含量监测,结果如表4。
表4MW辐射时间对PFOA降解效果的影响
如表4可以看出,随着MW时间的延长,降解效率也随之增大,MW辐射5min,降解率可达到97.7%,进一步延长反应时间催化效率没有明显提升。
(五)不同的溶液pH值对PFOA降解的影响
方法:分别量取50mL 10mg L-1的全氟辛酸(PFOA)溶液于250mL三口圆底烧瓶中,分别调节溶液的pH值2、4.2、8、10和12,加入20mg 15% Bi0/BiOBr{110/102},在微波功率为700W下微波辐射5min。取样,采用荧光光度计进行含量监测,结果如表5。
表5不同pH对PFOA降解效率的影响
由表5可以看出,随着pH的降低Bi0/BrOBr{110/102}对PFOA降解效率增加,pH值为4.2时催化活性最佳,进一步降低pH值至2,催化活性降低。
Claims (10)
1.一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料,其特征在于,所述高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料,是在{110}与{102}晶面共暴露BiOBr纳米片表面原位生长0D半金属Bi0,获得的Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料,其特征在于,按质量百分比,Bi0的负载量为5~20%。
3.一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料的制备方法,其特征在于,制备方法包括如下步骤:
1){110}与{102}晶面共暴露BiOBr纳米片制备:取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和KBr溶解在去离子水中,调节溶液pH至4.0,室温下搅拌1h后,转移至反应釜中,加热至160℃,保持24h,所得产物洗涤,干燥,得到BiOBr{110/102}纳米片;
2)取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于乙二醇中,加入BiOBr{110/102}纳米片,室温下超声分散1h后,转移到反应釜中,加热至160℃,保持12h,所得产物洗涤,干燥,得到Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料。
4.权利要求1或2所述的一种高活性晶面共暴露Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料在降解有机污染物中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,Bi0/BiOBr吸波材料协同微波降解有机污染物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述有机污染物是全氟烷基化物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,方法如下:调节含有全氟烷基化物废水的pH为2~8,加入Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料,微波辐射,进行降解。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述微波辐射,微波功率为700W。
9.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,全氟烷基化物的初始浓度为10mg L-1。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,Bi0/BiOBr{110/102}复合吸波材料的加入量为15~30mg。
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