CN116557838A - Flue gas heat regulating system and method for combined cycle waste heat boiler - Google Patents
Flue gas heat regulating system and method for combined cycle waste heat boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN116557838A CN116557838A CN202310518894.2A CN202310518894A CN116557838A CN 116557838 A CN116557838 A CN 116557838A CN 202310518894 A CN202310518894 A CN 202310518894A CN 116557838 A CN116557838 A CN 116557838A
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- heat
- flue
- heat boiler
- gas
- combined cycle
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009620 Haber process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/1861—Waste heat boilers with supplementary firing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/008—Adaptations for flue gas purification in steam generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D11/00—Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
- F22D11/02—Arrangements of feed-water pumps
- F22D11/06—Arrangements of feed-water pumps for returning condensate to boiler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G7/00—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
- F22G7/12—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition in flues
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power generation, in particular to a flue gas heat regulating system and method of a combined cycle waste heat boiler. By arranging the afterburning device, the heat in the gas turbine is used as a heat source to decompose the ammonia in the pressure swing adsorption heat separator, the pressure swing adsorption method is used for separating nitrogen, the generated hydrogen-rich ammonia is used as the afterburning gas to be input into the waste heat boiler through a plurality of nozzles, and the hydrogen-rich ammonia is ignited and ignited in multiple areas in the waste heat boiler to react with oxygen in the flue gas to release heat, so that the heat in the waste heat boiler is improved, the steam quantity generated by the waste heat boiler is increased, and more electric power can be output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power generation, in particular to a flue gas heat regulating system and method of a combined cycle waste heat boiler.
Background
The combined cycle power generation of the gas turbine is to generate power by combusting natural gas by the gas turbine, send high-temperature flue gas exhausted by the gas turbine into a waste heat boiler, utilize the heat of the flue gas to produce high-temperature and high-pressure steam in the waste heat boiler, and then drive a turbine generator unit to form the combined cycle of gas and steam. The combined cycle is a cycle in which two independent power cycles using different working media are combined together through energy exchange. One of the goals of improving the efficiency of the unit is therefore to produce as much useful work as possible from the heat in the gas turbine exhaust flue gas.
At present, renewable energy sources are utilized to generate electricity, carbon emission can be reduced, but energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy have intermittence, in order to enable a combined cycle power plant to rapidly increase load to respond to power grid demands, the prior art adopts a method of post-combustion of a waste heat boiler flue to increase heat of flue gas, so that supercritical steam circulation of steam with higher flow, temperature and higher pressure can be realized, but fossil fuel is generally adopted in the traditional post-combustion of the waste heat boiler, so that more carbon dioxide is contained in exhaust gas of the combined cycle power plant, and ecological environment is damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the combined cycle unit adopts fossil fuel to increase the heat of flue gas for the afterburning of the waste heat boiler and increase the carbon dioxide emission in the prior art.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a flue gas heat regulating system of a combined cycle waste heat boiler, which comprises:
a gas turbine adapted to drive a generator to generate electricity;
the waste heat boiler is connected with the gas turbine and is suitable for recovering heat in flue gas discharged by the gas turbine to generate steam;
the afterburning device comprises a plurality of first nozzles and a pressure swing adsorption heat separator, wherein the pressure swing adsorption heat separator is connected with the gas turbine and the first nozzles, the pressure swing adsorption heat separator is suitable for decomposing ammonia and absorbing nitrogen in a pressure swing mode, the first nozzles are arranged in the waste heat boiler, and the first nozzles are suitable for adjusting the heat of flue gas in the waste heat boiler.
Further, this combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler flue gas heat governing system, exhaust-heat boiler includes:
the transition flue is arranged on one side of the waste heat boiler, which is close to the gas turbine, and is connected with the gas turbine;
the main flue is arranged in the waste heat boiler and is communicated with the transition flue, and the first nozzles are respectively arranged in the transition flue and the main flue.
Further, this combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler flue gas heat governing system, exhaust-heat boiler still includes:
the first heat exchanger is arranged at one side, far away from the transition flue, of the main flue, and the first nozzle is arranged at the first heat exchanger;
the superheater is arranged at one side, close to the transition flue, in the main flue, and is connected with the first heat exchanger, and the first nozzle is arranged at the superheater;
and the reheater is arranged on one side, close to the transition flue, in the main flue, and is connected with the superheater, and the first nozzle is arranged at the reheater.
Further, this combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler flue gas heat regulation system, gas turbine includes:
the compressor is connected with the pressure swing adsorption heat separator;
the combustion chamber is connected with the gas compressor;
and the turbine is connected with the combustion chamber, the pressure swing adsorption heat separator and the transition flue.
Further, this combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler flue gas heat governing system still includes:
an ammonia source, coupled to the pressure swing adsorption thermal separator, adapted to provide ammonia;
the second heat exchanger is arranged in the pressure swing adsorption heat separator and is connected with the outer box and the air compressor.
Further, this combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler flue gas heat governing system still includes:
and the storage tank is connected with the pressure swing adsorption heat separator.
Further, this combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler flue gas heat governing system, exhaust-heat boiler still includes:
the chimney is connected with one end of the main flue far away from the transition flue;
and the water collector is arranged at the bottom of the chimney and is suitable for collecting water in the chimney.
Further, this combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler flue gas heat governing system still includes:
a steam turbine connected to the reheater;
a generator connected to the steam turbine;
and the condenser is connected with the steam turbine.
Further, this combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler flue gas heat governing system still includes:
and the purging device is arranged in the main flue and connected with the storage tank, and a plurality of second nozzles are arranged on the purging device.
The invention also provides a method for adjusting the flue gas heat of the combined cycle waste heat boiler, which adopts the system for adjusting the flue gas heat of the combined cycle waste heat boiler and comprises the following steps:
s1, the gas turbine burns to generate electricity, and renewable energy power or surplus power is utilized to prepare ammonia;
s2, when the unit normally operates and the load needs to be increased, the prepared ammonia is input into the pressure swing adsorption thermal separator by using the heat of air extraction in the air compressor to be thermally decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen, then the nitrogen is pressure swing adsorbed, and the residual product is hydrogen-rich ammonia;
s3, conveying the prepared hydrogen-rich ammonia gas serving as the afterburner gas to the transition flue for preheating;
s4, controlling each first nozzle to ignite according to actual demands of a unit, heating the first heat exchanger, the superheater and the reheater, and driving the steam turbine to generate electricity by utilizing heated steam;
and S5, inputting the decomposed nitrogen into the purging device to purge the first heat exchanger.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a flue gas heat regulating system of a combined cycle waste heat boiler, which comprises a gas turbine, a waste heat boiler and a afterburning device, wherein the gas turbine is suitable for driving a generator to generate power, the waste heat boiler is connected with the gas turbine and is suitable for recovering heat in flue gas discharged by the gas turbine to generate steam, the afterburning device comprises a plurality of first nozzles and a variable pressure adsorption heat separator, the variable pressure adsorption heat separator is connected with the gas turbine and the first nozzles, the variable pressure adsorption heat separator is suitable for decomposing ammonia, the first nozzles are arranged in the waste heat boiler, and the first nozzles are suitable for regulating the heat of the flue gas in the waste heat boiler.
Through setting up the afterburning device, utilize the heat in the gas turbine as the ammonia decomposition in the pressure swing adsorption thermal separator, the hydrogen-rich ammonia after the pressure swing adsorption separation nitrogen gas is as the afterburning gas is input to exhaust-heat boiler through a plurality of nozzles in, the inside multizone ignition of exhaust-heat boiler ignites with the oxygen combustion reaction in the flue gas, temperature in the exhaust-heat boiler has been improved, thereby the steam volume that the exhaust-heat boiler produced has been increased, and then can provide more driving force for the generator, need not excessively burn gas turbine and increase driving force, play the effect of protection to hot parts, adopt the hydrogen-rich ammonia fuel afterburning simultaneously can not produce carbon oxide, the carbon emission in the power generation process has been reduced, better environmental protection effect has.
2. The invention provides a flue gas heat regulating system of a combined cycle waste heat boiler, which further comprises a first heat exchanger, a superheater and a reheater, wherein the first heat exchanger is arranged on one side, far away from a transition flue, in a main flue, a first nozzle is arranged at the first heat exchanger, the superheater is arranged on one side, close to the transition flue, in the main flue, the superheater is connected with the first heat exchanger, the first nozzle is arranged at the superheater, the reheater is arranged on one side, close to the transition flue, in the main flue, the reheater is connected with the superheater, and the first nozzle is arranged at the reheater.
Through setting up superheater and reheater in the one side that is close to the transition flue, set up first heat exchanger in the one side of keeping away from the transition flue, first nozzle that is arranged in the transition flue is lighted earlier when the afterburning, make the interior rapid heating up of exhaust-heat boiler, high temperature flue gas carries to the main flue along with the transition flue, close first nozzle that is arranged in the transition flue after the temperature reaches ignition temperature in the main flue, open the nozzle that is arranged in the main flue towards first heat exchanger, heat the first heat exchanger in the main flue, can avoid superheater and reheater overtemperature. Placing the afterburner device in a cooler location in the flue of the waste heat boiler can allow for additional fuel to be afterburned.
3. The invention provides a flue gas heat regulating system of a combined cycle waste heat boiler.
The temperature of the compressed air is increased after the air is compressed by the air compressor, and the compressed air with high temperature after being compressed in part of the air compressor is input into the pressure swing adsorption heat separator for heat exchange, so that heat can be provided for decomposing ammonia in the pressure swing adsorption heat separator, the pressure swing adsorption heat separator is not required to be independently heated, the consumption of energy sources is reduced, the temperature of the compressed air after heat exchange is reduced, the compressed air after heat exchange is input into the turbine, the turbine blades can be cooled, and the heat of the compressed air in part of the air compressor can be effectively utilized.
4. The invention provides a flue gas heat regulating system of a combined cycle waste heat boiler, which further comprises an ammonia source and a second heat exchanger, wherein the ammonia source is connected with a pressure swing adsorption heat separator and is suitable for providing ammonia, and the second heat exchanger is arranged in the pressure swing adsorption heat separator and is connected with an outer box and a gas compressor.
Because ammonia has volatility, the storage capacity of low-temperature liquid ammonia is strong, and heat in the gas turbine is input into the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the liquid ammonia.
5. The invention provides a flue gas heat regulating system of a combined cycle waste heat boiler, which also comprises a storage tank connected with a pressure swing adsorption heat separator, wherein the pressure swing adsorption heat separator inputs nitrogen decomposed by ammonia into the storage tank for storage.
6. The invention provides a flue gas heat regulating system of a combined cycle waste heat boiler, which further comprises a chimney and a water collector, wherein the chimney is connected with one end of a main flue far away from a transition flue, and the water collector is arranged at the bottom of the chimney and is suitable for collecting water in the chimney. By arranging the water collector, the water condensed in the chimney by the discharged flue gas can be recovered, and the water can be used as water for a waste heat boiler, thereby playing a role in saving energy.
7. The invention provides a flue gas heat regulating system of a combined cycle waste heat boiler, which further comprises a steam turbine, a generator and a condenser, wherein the steam turbine is connected with a reheater, the generator is connected with the steam turbine, and the condenser is connected with the steam turbine.
The high-temperature saturated steam output in the reheater drives the turbine to operate for power generation, the steam output in the turbine is cooled in the condenser to be water for recycling, the water utilization rate is improved, and the energy is saved.
8. The flue gas heat regulating system of the combined cycle waste heat boiler provided by the invention further comprises a purging device which is arranged in the main flue and connected with the storage tank, wherein the purging device is provided with a plurality of second nozzles, high-temperature nitrogen in the storage tank can be input into the purging device to dilute flue gas at a low-temperature section of the main flue so as to remove moisture remained in the main flue and avoid the corrosion of pipelines caused by acidic sulfides generated by condensation of water vapor.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas heat adjustment system of a combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas heat adjustment system of the combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a gas turbine; 11. a compressor; 12. a combustion chamber; 13. a turbine; 14. an outer case; 15. an air pump; 16. a first conduit; 2. a generator; 3. a waste heat boiler; 31. a transition flue; 32. a main flue; 33. a first heat exchanger; 34. a superheater; 35. a reheater; 36. a chimney; 37. a water collector; 4. an afterburning device; 41. a first nozzle; 42. a pressure swing adsorption thermal separator; 43. a purge device; 44. a second nozzle; 5. an ammonia source; 51. an ammonia storage tank; 52. a first flow valve; 6. a second heat exchanger; 7. a storage tank; 71. a second flow valve; 8. a steam turbine; 9. a condenser.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the flue gas heat regulating system of the combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler provided by the invention comprises a gas turbine 1, an exhaust-heat boiler 3 and an afterburner 4, wherein the gas turbine 1 is suitable for driving a generator 2 to generate electricity, the exhaust-heat boiler 3 is connected with the gas turbine 1 and is suitable for recovering heat in flue gas discharged by the gas turbine 1 to generate steam, the afterburner 4 comprises a plurality of first nozzles 41 and a pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42, the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42 is connected with the gas turbine 1 and the first nozzles 41, the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42 is suitable for decomposing ammonia, the first nozzles 41 are arranged in the exhaust-heat boiler 3, and the first nozzles 41 are suitable for regulating the temperature in the exhaust-heat boiler 3.
Through setting up afterburning device 4, utilize the heat in gas turbine 1 as the heat source with the ammonia decomposition in the pressure swing adsorption thermal separator 42, hydrogen and ammonia that produces mix into hydrogen-rich ammonia and regard as the afterburning gas to be input into exhaust-heat boiler 3 through a plurality of nozzles, the inside multizone ignition of exhaust-heat boiler 3 ignites with the oxygen combustion reaction in the flue gas, the temperature in the exhaust-heat boiler 3 has been improved, thereby the steam volume that the exhaust-heat boiler 3 produced has been increased, and then can provide more driving force for generator 2, need not excessively burn gas turbine 1 and increase driving force, play the effect of protection to the hot parts, adopt hydrogen-rich ammonia fuel afterburning simultaneously can not produce carbon oxide, the carbon emission in the power generation process has been reduced, better environmental protection effect has.
In this embodiment the afterburner device 4 comprises a bleed duct for conveying the afterburner gas, at the outlet end of which at least one igniter is fitted, by means of which an electrically driven igniter a high-temperature flame of about 1000 to 1500 ℃ is produced, and the afterburner device 4 is further provided with a transverse runner duct, on which the first nozzle 41 is arranged, the first nozzle 41 being arranged to disperse the afterburner gas into the waste heat boiler.
In this embodiment, the source of ammonia in the pressure swing adsorption thermal separator 42 may be electricity in renewable energy sources or surplus electricity in a power grid to prepare ammonia, air is converted into hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen under the catalysis, ammonia is synthesized by combining with the Haber process (Haber process) ammonia synthesis process flow, water is added to blend, pressurization and cooling are performed, liquid ammonia can be produced as an energy storage medium, electric energy is converted into chemical energy and stored in the ammonia storage tank 51 at about 10bar or about-33.5 ℃, when the electric power demand increases, ammonia can be decomposed at high temperature through catalysis of ruthenium (Ru) to generate hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein the hydrogen and the ammonia can be used as afterburning agents to participate in power generation, and water in the ammonia can be recycled during thermal decomposition.
In this embodiment, the exhaust-heat boiler 3 includes a transition flue 31 and a main flue 32, the transition flue 31 is disposed on one side of the exhaust-heat boiler 3 close to the gas turbine 1 and is connected to the gas turbine 1, the main flue 32 is disposed in the exhaust-heat boiler 3 and is in communication with the transition flue 31, and the first nozzles 41 are disposed in the transition flue 31 and the main flue 32, respectively.
Because ammonia is nonflammable and has low combustion speed, the hydrogen decomposed by ammonia and ammonia is mixed into hydrogen-rich ammonia, so that the flammability of the ammonia can be improved, the hydrogen-rich ammonia fuel and the flue gas of the gas turbine 1 are further mixed and preheated, ignition and oxygen reaction at a certain temperature are achieved, the products are water and nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides generated in the waste heat boiler 3 can be ignored.
In this embodiment, the waste heat boiler 3 further includes a first heat exchanger 33, a superheater 34 and a reheater 35, the first heat exchanger 33 is disposed on a side of the main flue 32 far from the transition flue 31, a first nozzle 41 is disposed at the first heat exchanger 33, the superheater 34 is disposed on a side of the main flue 32 near the transition flue 31, the superheater 34 is connected with the first heat exchanger 33, the first nozzle 41 is disposed at the superheater 34, the reheater 35 is disposed on a side of the main flue 32 near the transition flue 31, the reheater 35 is connected with the superheater 34, and the first nozzle 41 is disposed at the reheater 35.
The first heat exchanger 33 is not specifically limited in this embodiment, and in order to meet the practical situation, the first heat exchanger 33 in this embodiment may be a low-pressure heat exchanger or a medium-pressure heat exchanger, or may be a heat exchanger that combines a low-pressure heat exchanger with a medium-pressure heat exchanger, and the function of the heat exchanger is to exchange the working medium water into high-temperature steam through heat exchange, and then enter the superheater 34 and the reheater 35 for continuing heat exchange into superheated saturated steam.
By arranging the superheater 34 and the reheater 35 on the side close to the transition flue 31, arranging the first heat exchanger 33 on the side far away from the transition flue 31, and igniting the first nozzle 41 positioned in the transition flue 31 to preheat the flue gas in the transition flue 31 during afterburning, so that the waste heat boiler 3 is heated up quickly, the high-temperature flue gas is conveyed into the main flue 32 along with the transition flue 31, after the temperature in the main flue 32 reaches the ignition temperature, the first nozzle 41 positioned in the transition flue 31 is closed, the nozzle positioned in the main flue 32 and facing the first heat exchanger 33 is opened, so that the temperature of the flue gas in the main flue 32 is raised to 780 ℃ to heat the first heat exchanger 33, and the overtemperature of the superheater 34 and the reheater 35 can be avoided.
In this embodiment, the gas turbine 1 includes a compressor 11, a combustor 12, and a turbine 13, the compressor 11 is connected to a pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42, the combustor 12 is connected to the compressor 11, and the turbine 13 is connected to the combustor 12, the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42, and the transition flue 31.
The temperature of the compressed air of the air compressor 11 is increased to 450 ℃ after the air is compressed, and the compressed air of the high temperature after the air is compressed in part of the air compressor 11 is input into the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42 for heat exchange, so that heat can be provided for decomposing ammonia in the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42, the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42 is not required to be independently heated, the consumption of energy sources is reduced, the temperature of the compressed air after heat exchange is reduced to 250 ℃, the compressed air after heat exchange is input into the turbine 13, the blades of the turbine 13 can be cooled, and the heat of the compressed air of the part of the air compressor 11 can be effectively utilized.
Specifically, the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 1 has a relatively high oxygen content, such as 12% to 15% by volume, in the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 1, since part of the compressed air in the compressor 11 is not combusted in the combustion chamber 12 and is used to cool the blades of the turbine 13 after heat exchange, and the oxygen content remaining at the outlet of the gas turbine 1 is sufficient to combust the supplemental fuel in the main flue 32 and to increase the temperature of the flue gas.
In this embodiment, the apparatus further comprises an ammonia source 5 and a second heat exchanger 6, the ammonia source 5 is connected to the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42, adapted to provide ammonia, and the second heat exchanger 6 is connected to the external tank 14 and the compressor 11.
Because ammonia has volatility, the storage capacity of low-temperature liquid ammonia is strong, heat generated in the outer box 14 of the gas turbine 1 is conveyed into the second heat exchanger through the air pump 15 to exchange heat with liquid ammonia, and ammonia is separated out after the liquid ammonia is heated.
In this embodiment, the ammonia source 5 may be renewable energy power or nitrogen in air of a surplus power separator in a power grid, introducing nitrogen into brine for electrolysis, and then catalyzing and synthesizing ammonia by hydrogen and nitrogen, and pressurizing and cooling to produce liquid ammonia.
In this embodiment, the pressure swing adsorption separation device is a pressure swing adsorption separation method (PSA, pressure Swing Absorption), in which ammonia is first partially thermally decomposed, then the mixed gas is pressurized to 5 to 6 atmospheres, and the adsorption device is used to adsorb hydrogen and ammonia with strong adsorption capability and weak adsorption capability to nitrogen, so as to separate out nitrogen and residual hydrogen-rich ammonia.
In this embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a storage tank 7 connected to the second heat exchanger 6, the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42 and the compressor 11, wherein the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42 separates and inputs the nitrogen decomposed by ammonia into the storage tank 7 for storage by utilizing the difference in specific gravity between hydrogen and nitrogen.
In this embodiment, the storage tank 7 is not specifically limited, and in order to meet the practical situation, in this embodiment, the storage tank 7 adopts a nitrogen storage tank, and in this embodiment, heat exchange can be performed by additionally using low temperature liquid ammonia of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) -162 ℃ so as to maintain the low temperature liquid state of the liquid ammonia.
In the present embodiment, the outer casing 14 disposed around the gas turbine is provided with the first duct 16 communicating with the outer casing 14, and the first duct 16 can discharge the hot ventilation air after heat exchange with the second heat exchanger 6.
In this embodiment, a first flow valve 52 is provided between the second heat exchanger 6 and the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42 for controlling the flow rate of liquid ammonia.
In this embodiment, the exhaust-heat boiler 3 further includes a chimney 36 and a water collector 37, the chimney 36 is connected to an end of the main flue 32 far away from the transition flue 31, and the water collector 37 is disposed at the bottom of the chimney 36 and is adapted to collect water in the chimney 36. By arranging the water collector 37, water condensed in the chimney 36 by the discharged flue gas can be recovered, and the water can be used as water for the waste heat boiler 3, thereby playing a role in saving energy.
In this embodiment, the steam turbine 8, the generator 2 and the condenser 9 are further included, the steam turbine 8 is connected with the reheater 35, the generator 2 is connected with the steam turbine 8, and the condenser 9 is connected with the steam turbine 8.
In this embodiment, when the power demand in the grid increases substantially, resulting in "frequency starvation" of the power plant, the combined cycle power output decreases accordingly during the underspeed period when the grid frequency decreases, the corresponding approach involves increasing the post-combustion fuel flow to supplement the flue gas heat to maintain a predetermined level of output power,
the thermal parameters of the superheated and reheat steam in the combined cycle power generation may need to be changed independently of other power generation working mediums, in this case, the afterburning can control the steam amount generated by the waste heat boiler 3, the high-temperature saturated steam output in the reheater 35 drives the turbine 8 to operate for power generation, and then the steam output in the turbine 8 is cooled in the condenser 9 to be recycled, so that the water utilization rate is improved, and the energy is saved.
In summary, the flue gas heat regulating system of the combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler provided by the invention promotes the temperature of flue gas in the exhaust-heat boiler 3 by introducing hydrogen-rich ammonia into different areas of the exhaust-heat boiler 3, and promotes the temperature of superheated steam, reheat steam and medium pressure steam, thereby increasing the output power of the steam turbine 8, achieving the effect of expanding the output peak regulation range of the whole unit, and further realizing the precise control of the heating degree of the superheated steam, the reheat steam and the medium pressure steam, meanwhile, after the heat exchange of part of high-temperature compressed air extracted from the gas turbine outer box 14 and the gas compressor 11 and the liquid ammonia in the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42, the blades of the turbine 13 can be cooled, and the low temperature of the liquefied natural gas pipeline is utilized to continuously cool the liquid ammonia storage tank to maintain the energy storage effect.
The invention can reduce the use of natural gas fuel under the same unit load condition, and achieves the effect of reducing carbon.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that this embodiment further includes a purge device 43 disposed in the main flue 32 and connected to the storage tank 7, where the purge device 43 is provided with a plurality of second nozzles 44, so that high-temperature nitrogen in the storage tank can be input into the purge device to dilute the flue gas in the low-temperature section of the main flue, so as to remove the moisture remaining in the main flue, and avoid the corrosion of the pipeline caused by condensation of water vapor to generate acidic sulfide.
In this embodiment, a second flow 71 valve is provided between the tank 7 and the purge device 43 for the flow of air nitrogen output.
Example 3
The flue gas heat adjustment method for the combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler provided in this embodiment adopts the flue gas heat adjustment system for the combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler in embodiment 2, and includes:
s1, the gas turbine 1 burns to generate electricity, and renewable energy power or surplus power is utilized to prepare ammonia;
s2, when the unit normally operates and the load needs to be increased, the prepared ammonia is input into a pressure swing adsorption thermal separator 42 by using the heat of air extraction in an air compressor 11 to be thermally decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen, then the nitrogen is pressure swing adsorbed, and the residual product is hydrogen-rich ammonia;
step S3, mixing the prepared hydrogen and ammonia to form supplementary fuel gas, and conveying the supplementary fuel gas to a transition flue 31 for preheating;
step S4, according to the actual requirements of the unit, controlling each first nozzle 41 to ignite, heating the first heat exchanger 33, the superheater 34 and the reheater 35, and driving the steam turbine 8 to generate electricity by using the heated steam, wherein when the temperature of the superheater 34 does not reach the expected temperature, the flow of the supplementary gas before the superheater 34 is increased;
step S5, the decomposed nitrogen gas is introduced into the purge device 43 to purge the first heat exchanger 33.
According to the flue gas heat regulating method for the combined cycle waste heat boiler, disclosed by the invention, hydrogen-rich ammonia is introduced into different areas of the waste heat boiler 3, so that the flue gas temperature in the waste heat boiler 3 is increased, the temperatures of superheated steam, reheat steam and medium pressure steam are increased, the output power of the steam turbine 8 is increased, the effect of expanding the output peak regulation range of the whole unit is achieved, the precise control of the heating degree of the superheated steam, the reheat steam and the medium pressure steam can be realized, meanwhile, after heat exchange between part of high-temperature compressed air extracted from the gas compressor 11 and liquid ammonia in the pressure swing adsorption heat separator 42, the blades of the turbine 13 can be cooled, and the low temperature of a liquefied natural gas pipeline is utilized for continuously cooling a liquid ammonia storage tank so as to keep the energy storage effect.
The invention can reduce the use of natural gas fuel under the same unit load condition, and achieves the effect of reducing carbon.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A combined cycle waste heat boiler flue gas heat conditioning system, comprising:
a gas turbine (1) adapted to drive an electric generator (2) for generating electricity;
a waste heat boiler (3) connected with the gas turbine (1) and suitable for recovering heat in the flue gas discharged by the gas turbine (1) and generating steam;
afterburning device (4), afterburning device (4) include a plurality of first nozzles (41) and vary voltage heat of adsorption separator (42), vary voltage heat of adsorption separator (42) with gas turbine (1) with first nozzle (41) are connected, vary voltage heat of adsorption separator (42) are suitable for the decomposition ammonia, first nozzle (41) set up in waste heat boiler (3), first nozzle (41) are suitable for adjusting flue gas heat in waste heat boiler (3).
2. The combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler flue gas heat conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust-heat boiler (3) comprises:
the transition flue (31) is arranged on one side of the waste heat boiler (3) close to the gas turbine (1) and is connected with the gas turbine (1);
and the main flue (32) is arranged in the waste heat boiler (3) and is communicated with the transition flue (31), and the first nozzles (41) are respectively arranged in the transition flue (31) and the main flue (32).
3. The combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler flue gas heat conditioning system according to claim 2, wherein the exhaust-heat boiler (3) further comprises:
a first heat exchanger (33) disposed on a side of the main flue (32) away from the transition flue (31), the first nozzle (41) being disposed at the first heat exchanger (33);
the superheater (34) is arranged on one side, close to the transition flue (31), of the main flue (32), the superheater (34) is connected with the first heat exchanger (33), and the first nozzle (41) is arranged at the superheater (34);
and the reheater (35) is arranged on one side, close to the transition flue (31), in the main flue (32), the reheater (35) is connected with the superheater (34), and the first nozzle (41) is arranged at the reheater (35).
4. A combined cycle exhaust heat boiler flue gas heat conditioning system according to claim 3, characterized in that the gas turbine (1) comprises:
a compressor (11) connected to the pressure swing adsorption heat separator (42);
a combustion chamber (12) connected to the compressor (11);
-a turbine (13) connected to said combustion chamber (12), to said pressure swing adsorption heat separator (42) and to said transition flue (31);
-an outer box (14), said compressor (11), said combustion chamber (12) and said turbine (13) being located inside said outer box (14).
5. The combined cycle waste heat boiler flue gas heat conditioning system according to claim 4, further comprising:
an ammonia source (5) connected to said pressure swing adsorption thermal separator (42) adapted to provide ammonia;
the second heat exchanger (6) is arranged in the pressure swing adsorption heat separator (42) and is connected with the outer box (14) and the air compressor (11).
6. The combined cycle exhaust heat boiler flue gas heat conditioning system according to claim 5, further comprising:
and the storage tank (7) is connected with the pressure swing adsorption heat separator (42).
7. The combined cycle exhaust-heat boiler flue gas heat conditioning system according to claim 6, wherein the exhaust-heat boiler (3) further comprises:
a chimney (36) connected with one end of the main flue (32) far away from the transition flue (31);
-a water collector (37) arranged at the bottom of the chimney (36) and adapted to collect water in the chimney (36).
8. The combined cycle waste heat boiler flue gas heat conditioning system according to claim 7, further comprising:
a steam turbine (8) connected to the reheater (35);
a generator (2) connected to the steam turbine (8);
and the condenser (9) is connected with the steam turbine (8).
9. The combined cycle waste heat boiler flue gas heat conditioning system according to claim 8, further comprising:
and the purging device (43) is arranged in the main flue (32) and is connected with the storage tank (7), and a plurality of second nozzles (44) are arranged on the purging device (43).
10. A method for regulating the heat of flue gas of a combined cycle waste heat boiler, which is characterized in that the system for regulating the heat of flue gas of the combined cycle waste heat boiler according to claim 9 is adopted and comprises the following steps:
s1, generating electricity by combustion of the gas turbine (1), and preparing ammonia by using renewable energy power or surplus power;
s2, when the unit normally operates and the load needs to be increased, the prepared ammonia is input into the pressure swing adsorption heat separator (42) by utilizing the heat of air suction in the air compressor (11) to thermally decompose hydrogen and nitrogen, then the nitrogen is pressure swing adsorbed, and the residual product is hydrogen-rich ammonia;
s3, conveying the prepared hydrogen-rich ammonia gas serving as the afterburner gas to the transition flue (31) for preheating;
s4, according to actual demands of a unit, controlling each first nozzle (41) to ignite, heating the first heat exchanger (33), the superheater (34) and the reheater (35), and driving the steam turbine (8) to generate electricity by utilizing heated steam;
and S5, inputting the decomposed nitrogen into the purging device (43) to purge the first heat exchanger (33).
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| CN202310518894.2A CN116557838A (en) | 2023-05-09 | 2023-05-09 | Flue gas heat regulating system and method for combined cycle waste heat boiler |
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| CN202310518894.2A CN116557838A (en) | 2023-05-09 | 2023-05-09 | Flue gas heat regulating system and method for combined cycle waste heat boiler |
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