CN116555688A - Preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN116555688A CN116555688A CN202310617076.8A CN202310617076A CN116555688A CN 116555688 A CN116555688 A CN 116555688A CN 202310617076 A CN202310617076 A CN 202310617076A CN 116555688 A CN116555688 A CN 116555688A
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate, which comprises the following steps: forging a TC21 cast ingot; the plate blank obtained after forging is subjected to self-adaptive rolling after heat preservation at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ above the beta transition temperature of TC21 titanium alloy; performing heat treatment on the slab obtained after self-adaptive rolling to obtain a high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate; wherein, in the self-adaptive rolling process, the slab is not heated back to the furnace, and the following operations are performed according to the real-time temperature of the slab: when the temperature of the plate blank is more than beta transition temperature, controlling the pass reduction to be 20-30%; when the beta transition temperature is more than the temperature of the plate blank and is more than 20 ℃ below the beta transition temperature, controlling the pass reduction to be 15-25%; when the temperature of the plate blank is less than 20 ℃ below the beta transition temperature, the reduction of the pass is controlled to be 5-10%. According to the invention, by adopting the self-adaptive rolling method, the pass reduction is reasonably distributed, and the high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium alloy preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate.
Background
The damage tolerance design criteria are important criteria to be observed in modern aircraft to achieve low-cost, long-life safe flight, and with the increasing demands on aircraft safety and economy, the demands on material damage tolerance performance are also increasing. For this reason, beijing aviation materials institute, northwest nonferrous metal institute, northwest industrial university, red-origin aviation forging industry company and other units have established a joint subject group, and a novel high-strength, high-toughness and damage-tolerant weldable (alpha+beta) two-phase titanium alloy named TC21 alloy is developed.
The TC21 titanium alloy is a two-phase alloy, and in order to obtain better damage tolerance performance, thermal deformation is often carried out on the upper part of a beta-phase region or a two-phase region to construct a basket structure. However, due to the complexity of the deformation process and the sensitivity to external deformation conditions, the internal structure changes of the alloy are easily affected by deformation conditions such as temperature, strain rate and the like, so that the microstructure morphology of the TC21 titanium alloy can be changed within a wide range.
Free forging is a main method for producing TC21 titanium alloy, but the temperature control difficulty in the free forging process is high, so that the forming quality of the conventional TC21 titanium alloy large-specification forging is low, and the qualification rate also does not meet the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate, which aims to solve the problem that the conventional preparation method of TC21 titanium alloy is difficult to realize expected structure and performance.
According to one aspect of the invention, a preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate is provided, which comprises the following steps:
forging a TC21 cast ingot;
the plate blank obtained after forging is subjected to self-adaptive rolling after heat preservation at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ above the beta transition temperature of TC21 titanium alloy;
performing heat treatment on the slab obtained after self-adaptive rolling to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate;
wherein, in the self-adaptive rolling process, the slab is not heated back to the furnace, and the following operations are performed according to the real-time temperature of the slab:
when the temperature of the plate blank is more than the beta transition temperature, controlling the pass reduction to be 20-30%;
when the beta transition temperature is more than the slab temperature and is more than 20 ℃ below the beta transition temperature, controlling the pass reduction to be 15-25%;
when the temperature of the plate blank is less than 20 ℃ below the beta transition temperature, the pass reduction is controlled to be 5-10%.
According to one embodiment of the invention, during said adaptive rolling 90% of the total rolling deformation is done above 20 ℃ below said beta transus temperature.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the forging of the TC21 ingot comprises:
performing two piers and two drawing after preserving heat for 6 hours at the temperature of 150-200 ℃ above the beta transformation temperature, wherein the upsetting reduction is 70%, and the drawing height-diameter ratio is 1.9-2.0;
returning the blanks subjected to two piers and two drawing to a furnace, preserving heat for 4 hours at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ above the beta transformation temperature, upsetting with the rolling reduction of 50%, and drawing to obtain square blanks with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0; then upsetting with a reduction of 30% is performed again, and the slab is drawn to a predetermined thickness.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the performing the heat treatment includes:
carrying out first re-annealing on the slab subjected to self-adaptive rolling at 70-80 ℃ below the beta transformation temperature;
and carrying out second annealing on the slab subjected to the first annealing at 590-600 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate has a basket structure, has a tensile strength of 1120-1145 MPa, a yield strength of 1052-1061 MPa, a post-fracture elongation of 15.0-16.5%, a reduction of area of 36-38% and a fracture toughness of more than 75 MPa-m 1/2 。
In the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate, the high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate can be obtained by reasonably distributing pass reduction by adopting an adaptive rolling method.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, all the expressions "first" and "second" are used to distinguish two entities with the same name but different entities or different parameters, and it is noted that the "first" and "second" are only used for convenience of expression, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are not described one by one.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate, which comprises the following steps:
forging a TC21 cast ingot;
the slab obtained after forging is subjected to self-adaptive rolling after heat preservation (for example, heat preservation for at least 3 hours) at 40-50 ℃ above the beta transition temperature of TC21 titanium alloy; wherein, the beta transus temperature of the TC21 titanium alloy is generally 955+/-10 ℃;
performing heat treatment on the slab obtained after self-adaptive rolling to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate;
wherein the slab is not heated back in the self-adapting rolling process, and the self-adapting rolling comprises: the rolling reduction of each pass is controlled according to the real-time temperature of the plate blank (for example, a handheld thermometer can be used for monitoring the temperature of the plate blank in real time) according to the following control method:
when the temperature of the plate blank is more than the beta transition temperature, controlling the pass reduction to be 20-30%;
when the beta transition temperature is more than the slab temperature and is more than 20 ℃ below the beta transition temperature, controlling the pass reduction to be 15-25%;
when the slab temperature is less than 20 ℃ below the beta transus temperature, the rolling reduction of the pass is controlled to be 5-10% (at the moment, only small deformation shaping is carried out to the specified size).
As mentioned in the background section above, the inventors of the present application realized that the difficulty in controlling the temperature in the free forging process was great, resulting in poor quality and unsatisfactory yield in the current forming of TC21 titanium alloy forgings. The inventor further realizes that compared with forging, the rolling process has high deformation speed and more convenient temperature control, so the TC21 titanium alloy plate is produced by adopting a rolling instead of forging mode, and the pass reduction is reasonably distributed by adopting an adaptive rolling method, thereby obtaining the high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate.
By the control method, 90% of the total rolling deformation can be completed at the temperature of more than 20 ℃ below the beta transformation temperature in the self-adaptive rolling process, so that the low-temperature rolling deformation can be reduced, the spheroidizing process is avoided, the obtained product is ensured to be in a basket structure, and the basket structure sheets are fine.
In some embodiments, the forging the TC21 ingot comprises: performing two piers and two drawing after preserving heat for 6 hours at the temperature of 150-200 ℃ above the beta transformation temperature, wherein the upsetting reduction is 70%, and the drawing height-diameter ratio is 1.9-2.0; returning the blanks subjected to two piers and two drawing to a furnace, preserving heat for 4 hours at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ above the beta transformation temperature, upsetting with the rolling reduction of 50%, and drawing to obtain square blanks with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0; then upsetting with a reduction of 30% is again performed and the slab is drawn to a predetermined thickness (for example, 100mm thick).
In some embodiments, the forging process is four piers and four pulls. Firstly, heating a TC21 cast ingot to 200 ℃ above the beta transition temperature by using an electric heating furnace, preserving heat for 6 hours, cooling the heating furnace to 40 ℃ above the beta transition temperature after discharging, and upsetting and forging the cast ingot by using a hydraulic press. The first upsetting reduction is 70%, then the billet is drawn in a reversing way until the height-diameter ratio is 1.9-2.0, then the upsetting with the reduction of 70% is carried out again, and the billet is drawn in a reversing way until the height-diameter ratio is 1.9-2.0; after two piers are pulled out, the blank is returned to the furnace, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours at 40 ℃ above the beta transition temperature. After the blank is discharged from the furnace, upsetting the blank with the rolling reduction of 50 percent on a press, and drawing the blank to a square blank with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0; then upsetting with a reduction of 30% was again performed and the slab was drawn to a thickness of 100 mm.
In other embodiments, other forging processes can be adopted, and the pier drawing times, the heat preservation temperature, the heat preservation time, the pier coarse reduction, the drawing height-diameter ratio and the like can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
In some embodiments, the performing a heat treatment comprises: heat-preserving the self-adaptive rolled slab at 70-80 ℃ below the beta transformation temperature, for example, 1h, performing first re-annealing, and then discharging and air-cooling; and (3) carrying out second annealing on the slab subjected to the first annealing at 590-600 ℃ for 1h, and then discharging and air cooling. The performance is further improved and the structure is adjusted by double annealing.
In some embodiments, the high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate prepared by the method has fine and uniform lamellar basket structure, the tensile strength of the plate is 1120-1145 MPa, the yield strength is 1052-1061 MPa, the elongation after fracture is 15.0-16.5%, the reduction of area is 36-38%, and the fracture toughness is more than 75 MPa.m 1/2 。
In summary, the invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate by combining a forging and hot rolling process, which has the advantage that compared with free forging with high temperature control difficulty, the temperature control in the rolling process is more accurate. In addition, the invention adopts the self-adaptive rolling process, the pass reduction of the rolling process is adjusted according to the actual temperature of the blank, 90% of the total rolling deformation is controlled to be completed above 20 ℃ below the beta transition temperature, the low-temperature rolling deformation is reduced, the spheroidizing process is avoided, the tissue of the obtained product is ensured to be basket tissue, and the basket tissue sheets are tiny.
The following is a description of specific examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
The TC21 titanium alloy plate was prepared as follows:
step one: firstly, heating a TC21 cast ingot to (beta transition temperature +200℃ C.) by using an electric heating furnace, preserving heat for 6 hours, cooling the heating furnace to (beta transition temperature +40℃ C.) after discharging, and upsetting and forging the cast ingot by using a hydraulic press. The first upsetting reduction is 70%, then the billet is drawn in a reversing way until the height-diameter ratio is 1.9-2.0, then the upsetting with the reduction of 70% is carried out again, and the billet is drawn in a reversing way until the height-diameter ratio is 1.9-2.0; after two piers are pulled out, the blank is returned to the furnace, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours under the condition of beta transition temperature of +40 ℃. After the blank is discharged from the furnace, upsetting the blank with the rolling reduction of 50 percent on a press, and drawing the blank to a square blank with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0; then upsetting with a reduction of 30% was again performed and the slab was drawn to a thickness of 100 mm.
Step two: heating the slab to (beta transition temperature +40-50 ℃) in an electric heating furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, and taking out from the furnace, and adopting a self-adaptive rolling process, namely, monitoring the temperature of the slab by using a handheld thermometer and adjusting the reduction of no pass, wherein the slab is not returned to the furnace in the middle. The control method comprises the following steps that when the temperature of a plate blank is above beta transition temperature, the pass reduction is controlled to be 30%; when the beta transition temperature is more than the slab temperature (beta transition temperature is minus 20 ℃), the pass reduction is controlled to be 20%; when the slab temperature is < (beta transition temperature-20 ℃), the pass reduction is controlled to be 5%, and only small deformation shaping is performed to a specified size.
Step three: and (3) adopting double annealing treatment, wherein the temperature is kept for 1h at 70-80 ℃ below the beta transformation temperature of the first double annealing, discharging for air cooling, and the temperature is kept for 1h at 590-600 ℃ for the second double annealing, discharging for air cooling.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that: the rolling reduction per pass was controlled to 20%, and the other steps were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The TC21 titanium alloy plate was prepared as follows:
step one:
(1) firstly, heating a TC21 cast ingot to (beta transition temperature +200℃ C.) by using an electric heating furnace, preserving heat for 6 hours, cooling the heating furnace to (beta transition temperature +100℃ C.) after discharging, and upsetting and forging the cast ingot by using a hydraulic press. The first upsetting reduction is 70%, then the billet is drawn in a reversing way until the height-diameter ratio is 1.9-2.0, then the upsetting with the reduction of 70% is carried out again, and the billet is drawn in a reversing way until the height-diameter ratio is 1.9-2.0; after two piers are pulled out, the blank is returned to the furnace, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours under the condition of beta transition temperature plus 100 ℃. After the blank is discharged from the furnace, upsetting the blank with the rolling reduction of 50 percent on a press, and drawing the blank to a square blank with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0; then upsetting with the rolling reduction of 50 percent, drawing to square billets with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0, throwing out for air cooling, and polishing the whole surface;
(2) heating to (beta transition temperature +50℃) after finishing polishing, preserving heat for 4 hours, performing two piers and two drawing, wherein the rolling reduction of the first piers is 40%, then reversing and drawing to square billets with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0, then performing upsetting with the rolling reduction of 40%, reversing and drawing to square billets with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0, throwing out for air cooling, and polishing the whole surface;
(3) heating to (beta transition temperature-20 ℃) and preserving heat for 4 hours after finishing polishing, performing two piers and two drawing, wherein the rolling reduction of the first piers is 40%, then reversing and drawing to square billets with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0, then performing rolling again with the rolling reduction of 40%, reversing and drawing to square billets with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0, throwing out for air cooling, and polishing the whole surface;
(4) heating to (beta transition temperature-20 ℃) and preserving heat for 4 hours after finishing polishing, performing two piers and two drawing, wherein the rolling reduction of the first piers is 40%, then reversing and drawing to square billets with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0, then performing rolling again with the rolling reduction of 40%, reversing and drawing to square billets with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0, throwing out for air cooling, and polishing the whole surface;
(5) heating to (beta transition temperature-20 ℃) and preserving heat for 4 hours after finishing polishing, performing two piers and two drawing, wherein the rolling reduction of the first piers is 40%, then reversing and drawing to square billets with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0, then performing rolling again with the rolling reduction of 40%, reversing and drawing to square billets with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0, throwing out for air cooling, and polishing the whole surface;
(6) heating to (beta transition temperature-20 ℃) and preserving heat for 4 hours after finishing polishing, performing two piers and two drawing, wherein the first upsetting reduction is 40%, then reversing and drawing to square billets with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0, then performing upsetting with the reduction of 20%, and replacing and drawing to the specified size, and throwing out for air cooling;
step two: and (3) adopting double annealing treatment, wherein the temperature is kept for 1h at 70-80 ℃ below the beta transformation temperature of the first double annealing, discharging for air cooling, and the temperature is kept for 1h at 590-600 ℃ for the second double annealing, discharging for air cooling.
The TC21 plates obtained in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were tested for room temperature mechanical properties and the data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of TC21 Board at room temperature
As can be seen from the room temperature mechanical properties shown in Table 1, the TC21 plate prepared in example 1 has better strength and toughness matching, the obtained plate structure is a fine and uniform basket structure with a sheet layer, and the tensile strength sigma of the plate b 1120MPa, yield strength sigma 0.2 1050MPa, 15% elongation after fracture A, 36% reduction of area Z, and 80 MPa-m fracture toughness KIC 1/2 Left and right. Comparative example 1 did not employ an adaptive rolling method, comparative example 2 did not employ a hot rolling process, and both of the elongation after break A, the reduction of area Z and the fracture toughness KIC were lower than those of example 1, and the toughness was inferior to that of example 1.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the above discussion of any embodiment is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the disclosure of embodiments of the invention, including the claims, is limited to such examples; combinations of features of the above embodiments or in different embodiments are also possible within the idea of an embodiment of the invention, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, and the like, which are made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the invention, are included within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
forging a TC21 cast ingot;
the plate blank obtained after forging is subjected to self-adaptive rolling after heat preservation at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ above the beta transition temperature of TC21 titanium alloy;
performing heat treatment on the slab obtained after self-adaptive rolling to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness TC21 titanium alloy plate;
wherein, in the self-adaptive rolling process, the slab is not heated back to the furnace, and the following operations are performed according to the real-time temperature of the slab:
when the temperature of the plate blank is more than the beta transition temperature, controlling the pass reduction to be 20-30%;
when the beta transition temperature is more than the slab temperature and is more than 20 ℃ below the beta transition temperature, controlling the pass reduction to be 15-25%;
when the temperature of the plate blank is less than 20 ℃ below the beta transition temperature, the pass reduction is controlled to be 5-10%.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the adaptive rolling 90% of the total rolling deformation is done above 20 ℃ below the beta transus temperature.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein forging the TC21 ingot comprises:
performing two piers and two drawing after preserving heat for 6 hours at the temperature of 150-200 ℃ above the beta transformation temperature, wherein the upsetting reduction is 70%, and the drawing height-diameter ratio is 1.9-2.0;
returning the blanks subjected to two piers and two drawing to a furnace, preserving heat for 4 hours at the temperature of 40-80 ℃ above the beta transformation temperature, upsetting with the rolling reduction of 50%, and drawing to obtain square blanks with the height-diameter ratio of 1.9-2.0; then upsetting with a reduction of 30% is performed again, and the slab is drawn to a predetermined thickness.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing a heat treatment comprises:
carrying out first re-annealing on the slab subjected to self-adaptive rolling at 70-80 ℃ below the beta transformation temperature;
and carrying out second annealing on the slab subjected to the first annealing at 590-600 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the high strength and toughness TC21 titanium alloy sheet material has a basket structure and has a tensile strength of 1120-1145 MPa, a yield strength of 1052-1061 MPa, an elongation after break of 15.0-16.5%, a reduction of area of 36-38%, and a fracture toughness of greater than 75 MPa-m 1/2 。
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