CN115874093B - 700 MPa-grade Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
700 MPa-grade Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material and a preparation method thereof relate to an aluminum alloy extrusion material and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing aluminum alloy extrusion material cannot meet the strength requirement of component aluminum substituted steel. A700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material is prepared from Cu, mn, mg, cr, zn, ti, zr, sc, er and the balance of Al. The method comprises the following steps: 1. weighing; 2. smelting; 3. removing oxide scale; 4. annealing; 5. extruding; 6. preserving heat; 7. straightening tension; 8. roll straightening; 9. and (5) aging treatment. The invention produces the extrusion material with high comprehensive index, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 700MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 650MPa, the compressive yield strength is more than or equal to 670MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 7%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy extrusion material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of industries such as aerospace, rail transit, electronic communication and the like in China, higher requirements are put forward on weight and energy conservation of components, and aluminum is used for replacing steel to realize the important selection of win-win of economic benefit and energy conservation and environmental protection. The most critical problem to be solved by aluminum-substituted steel is the strength problem, so that an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series aluminum alloy extrusion material needs to be developed, wherein the tensile strength is more than or equal to 700MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 650MPa, the compressive yield strength is more than or equal to 670MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 7 percent. The successful research and development of the product can meet the aluminum substituted steel requirements of products in a plurality of industries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing aluminum alloy extrusion material cannot meet the strength requirement of component aluminum substituted steel, and provides a 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material and a preparation method thereof.
700MPa grade Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 1.9 to 2.5 percent of Mn:0.2 to 0.6 percent of Mg:1.8 to 2.5 percent of Cr:0.03 to 0.05 percent of Zn:8.4 to 9.4 percent of Ti:0.10 to 0.30 percent of Zr:0.10 to 0.13 percent of Sc: 0.10-0.30%, er:0.10 to 0.30 percent and the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material is completed according to the following steps:
1. the mass percentage of elements is as follows: 1.9 to 2.5 percent of Mn:0.2 to 0.6 percent of Mg:1.8 to 2.5 percent of Cr:0.03 to 0.05 percent of Zn:8.4 to 9.4 percent of Ti:0.10 to 0.30 percent of Zr:0.10 to 0.13 percent of Sc: 0.10-0.30%, er:0.10 to 0.30 percent of Al and the balance of Al are weighed as raw materials;
2. smelting the raw materials in the first step to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot;
3. removing casting oxide skin of the round ingot under the room temperature condition to obtain an aluminum alloy round ingot with the oxide skin removed;
4. the aluminum alloy round ingot with the oxide skin removed is insulated for 12 hours under the condition that the temperature is 300 ℃ to 400 ℃, then is heated to 430 ℃ to 470 ℃, is insulated for 48 hours under the condition that the temperature is 430 ℃ to 470 ℃, is continuously heated to 473 ℃ to 475 ℃, is insulated for 12 hours under the condition that the temperature is 473 ℃ to 475 ℃, is naturally cooled to room temperature after being discharged, and the annealed round ingot is obtained;
5. extruding the annealed round ingot into an extrusion material under the condition of the temperature of 350-450 ℃ to obtain a hot extrusion material;
6. heat preservation is carried out on the hot extrusion material for 2 hours at 400-450 ℃, heat preservation is carried out on the hot extrusion material for 3 hours at 460-470 ℃, heat preservation is carried out on the hot extrusion material for 1 hour at 473-475 ℃, and water cooling is carried out on the hot extrusion material to room temperature, thus obtaining the processed aluminum alloy extrusion material;
7. carrying out tension straightening on the treated aluminum alloy extrusion material by a stretcher to obtain a tension-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material;
8. carrying out roller straightening on the aluminum alloy extrusion material subjected to tension straightening to obtain a roller-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material;
9. and (3) placing the roll-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material into a resistance heating furnace with the temperature of 115-125 ℃ for heating for 24-30 hours, carrying out aging treatment, discharging and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material.
The invention adopts CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagram) technology and utilizes JMaPro software to perform equilibrium solidification and non-equilibrium solidification calculation on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, analyzes the phase change rule of the alloy under different components, and combines MgZn 2 The phase formation amount and the formation temperature change curves with Zn, mg and Cu contents, zn/Mg and Cu/Mg, and it was found that the phase formation amount increased with an increase in Zn, mg content and a decrease in Cu content,according to the strength target of the invention, the component ranges of Zn, mg and Cu elements are reasonably determined, and microalloy elements Sc, er, zr and Ti are optimized, so that the grain size of the cast ingot is controlled, and the occurrence of recrystallization behavior in the thermal deformation process is reduced.
And (3) ingot casting quality control: the ultra-strong high-toughness corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is required to have high toughness and corrosion resistance matching, and the refining and homogenization control of alloy components are important; the alloying degree of the invention is about 14%, casting forming is a main difficult problem of high alloy production, and the direct cause of casting cracks is caused by the fact that the strength and plasticity of cast ingots cannot bear casting stress; by adding rare earth elements, the grain size of the cast ingot is thinned, the hot cracking tendency of the cast ingot is reduced, the casting process is reasonably matched, and the casting molding rate of the alloy is improved;
multistage homogenization treatment technology: innovative development of high-efficiency homogenizing technology for large-size round cast ingot multi-stage high-temperature homogenizing heat treatment, firstly, homogenizing pretreatment is carried out at 300-400 ℃ for 12h, nano-scale size can be evenly separated out on the matrix in maximum amount, and Al in complete or semi-coherent relation with the matrix is obtained 3 (Sc, er and Zr) dispersion strengthening phase, then heating to 430-470 ℃ and preserving heat for 48h, effectively promoting T phase dissolution and S phase transformation, improving the overburning temperature of the alloy, and further heating to 473-475 ℃ and preserving heat for 12h, thus obtaining better homogenization effect;
extrusion molding technology: on the basis of remarkably improving the uniformity of ingot tissue, optimizing the design of a die by utilizing a finite element simulation means, regulating and controlling the rheological process of alloy extrusion metal by optimizing extrusion process parameters and extrusion modes, improving the difference of head and tail tissues of an extrusion material, adopting the optimal heat deformation temperature of 350-450 ℃ for low-speed extrusion, finely crushing the second phase size, and regulating and controlling the distribution uniformity of the second phase;
multistage strong solution heat treatment technology: analysis of the second phase composition characteristics in the extruded alloy structure by means of tissue observation and DSC curve, and the first-stage low-temperature pretreatment induces the precipitation of more Al 3 (Sc, er, zr) phase and fully release energy accumulated in the deformation processing process of the matrix, and two types of energy storage are realized through pinning dislocation and reducing energy storageIn this way, the recrystallization ratio of the matrix is reduced to the maximum. And then carrying out second-stage solution treatment to promote the residual S phase in the alloy to be dissolved back into the matrix. And the third-stage high-temperature strong dissolution treatment can maximally improve the solid solubility of the alloy and achieve the aim of improving the strength of the extruded material.
The invention solves the problems of low strength and poor machining performance of the existing aluminum alloy extrusion material, and the aluminum alloy extrusion material is prepared from smelting raw materials of Cu, mg, zn, zr, sc, er and Al, and is prepared from aluminum ingots, cathode copper, aluminum-manganese alloy, primary magnesium ingots, aluminum-zirconium alloy, zinc ingots, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-scandium alloy, aluminum-erbium alloy and the like through smelting, casting, homogenizing annealing, hot extrusion, quenching, stretching and aging. By optimizing alloy components and based on high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy components, sc and Er elements are added in a compound manner, so that the porosity in the aluminum alloy can be greatly reduced, and the hydrogen content in an ingot can be reduced; this is because the rare earth element has a strong action on hydrogen, i.e., the rare earth element has a strong affinity with respect to hydrogen, and the interaction of the two can produce Rare Earth Hydride (REH) 2 REH), the rare earth hydride is very stable, and thus the content of free hydrogen in the aluminum liquid is reduced.
The rare earth has a high melting point and a low diffusion coefficient, is enriched at the front of crystallization, and prevents the growth of crystal grains; in addition, trace elements such as Sc, er, zr and the like, and during the cooling solidification process, primary phase Al 3 The (Sc, er and Zr) particles improve nucleation rate and play a role in refining the as-cast alpha (Al) grains, so that the alloy structure is refined.
During the heating process, secondary Al 3 The (Sc, er, zr) phase can also have strong pinning effect on dislocation, subgrain boundary and grain boundary, so that dislocation group is plugged, along with the heating of the alloy, the growth of a recrystallization core is inhibited, and the migration of the grain boundary is also inhibited to a certain extent, so that the recrystallization temperature of the alloy is improved, the generation of recrystallization in the thermal deformation and heat treatment processes is inhibited, and the comprehensive performance of the alloy is improved.
The invention industrially produces the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material through alloy component optimization, ingot quality control, multistage homogenization treatment technology, extrusion molding technology and toughening heat treatment technology. The invention is applied to the field of aluminum alloy processing.
The invention produces the extrusion material with high comprehensive index through alloy composition optimization design, ingot quality control, multistage homogenization treatment technology, extrusion molding technology and multistage strong solution heat treatment technology, wherein the tensile strength is more than or equal to 700MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 650MPa, the compressive yield strength is more than or equal to 670MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 7%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning image of a pressed tissue of a five-hot pressed extrusion in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of an aluminum alloy extruded material after the sixth quenching treatment in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a surface metallographic structure diagram of a 700 MPa-grade super-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure diagram of a core material of a 700 MPa-grade super-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a transmission electron microscope image of a 700 MPa-level super-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ingot prepared in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a 700 MPa-grade ultra-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ingot Al prepared in example 1 3 A transmission electron microscope image of the (Zr, sc, er) precipitated phase;
FIG. 7 is a high-power metallographic view of the D/2 position of the ingot after the treatment of step four of example 1;
FIG. 8 is a high-power metallographic diagram at the D/4 position of the ingot after the treatment of step four of example 1;
FIG. 9 is a high-power metallographic structure diagram of the edge of the ingot after the treatment in step four of example 1;
fig. 10 is a high-power metallographic structure diagram of the head end structure of the profile after the step five extrusion in example 1;
FIG. 11 is a high-power metallographic structure diagram of the tail end structure of the profile after the step five extrusion in example 1;
FIG. 12 is a selected area electron diffraction pattern;
FIG. 13 is a TEM photograph of an intra-crystalline precipitated phase obtained from a 700 MPa-grade super-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrudate prepared in example 1;
FIG. 14 is a TEM photograph of the grain boundary of a 700 MPa-grade super-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: according to the 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material, the mass percentage of elements is Cu:1.9 to 2.5 percent of Mn:0.2 to 0.6 percent of Mg:1.8 to 2.5 percent of Cr:0.03 to 0.05 percent of Zn:8.4 to 9.4 percent of Ti:0.10 to 0.30 percent of Zr:0.10 to 0.13 percent of Sc: 0.10-0.30%, er:0.10 to 0.30 percent and the balance of Al.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the specific embodiment in that: the aluminum alloy extrusion material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.2%, mn:0.4%, mg:2.4%, cr:0.04%, zn:8.8%, ti:0.30%, zr:0.12, sc:0.13%, er:0.14% and the balance Al. The other steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
And a third specific embodiment: the embodiment is a preparation method of 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material, which is completed according to the following steps:
1. the mass percentage of elements is as follows: 1.9 to 2.5 percent of Mn:0.2 to 0.6 percent of Mg:1.8 to 2.5 percent of Cr:0.03 to 0.05 percent of Zn:8.4 to 9.4 percent of Ti:0.10 to 0.30 percent of Zr:0.10 to 0.13 percent of Sc: 0.10-0.30%, er:0.10 to 0.30 percent of Al and the balance of Al are weighed as raw materials;
2. smelting the raw materials in the first step to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot;
3. removing casting oxide skin of the round ingot under the room temperature condition to obtain an aluminum alloy round ingot with the oxide skin removed;
4. the aluminum alloy round ingot with the oxide skin removed is insulated for 12 hours under the condition that the temperature is 300 ℃ to 400 ℃, then is heated to 430 ℃ to 470 ℃, is insulated for 48 hours under the condition that the temperature is 430 ℃ to 470 ℃, is continuously heated to 473 ℃ to 475 ℃, is insulated for 12 hours under the condition that the temperature is 473 ℃ to 475 ℃, is naturally cooled to room temperature after being discharged, and the annealed round ingot is obtained;
5. extruding the annealed round ingot into an extrusion material under the condition of the temperature of 350-450 ℃ to obtain a hot extrusion material;
6. heat preservation is carried out on the hot extrusion material for 2 hours at 400-450 ℃, heat preservation is carried out on the hot extrusion material for 3 hours at 460-470 ℃, heat preservation is carried out on the hot extrusion material for 1 hour at 473-475 ℃, and water cooling is carried out on the hot extrusion material to room temperature, thus obtaining the processed aluminum alloy extrusion material;
7. carrying out tension straightening on the treated aluminum alloy extrusion material by a stretcher to obtain a tension-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material;
8. carrying out roller straightening on the aluminum alloy extrusion material subjected to tension straightening to obtain a roller-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material;
9. and (3) placing the roll-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material into a resistance heating furnace with the temperature of 115-125 ℃ for heating for 24-30 hours, carrying out aging treatment, discharging and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that: smelting the aluminum ingot, cathode copper, aluminum-manganese alloy, zinc ingot, aluminum-chromium alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy and aluminum-zirconium alloy weighed in the first step at 700-760 ℃ for 5-7 h, heating to 780-820 ℃, uniformly adding aluminum-scandium alloy and aluminum-erbium alloy for more than three times, preserving heat for 10-20 min after each addition, adding again, cooling to 720-760 ℃ after the solution is uniformly stirred, adding the primary magnesium ingot, and heating to 720-760 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy solution. The other steps are the same as in the third embodiment.
Fifth embodiment: the third to fourth differences between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment are: in the second step, the casting speed is 35mm/min to 60mm/min at 700 ℃ to 820 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 10 ℃ to 25 ℃ and the cooling water strength is 20m 3 /h～70m 3 Casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot under the condition of/h. The other steps are the same as those of the third to fourth embodiments.
Specific embodiment six: the present embodiment differs from the third to fifth embodiments in that: in the second step, the casting speed is 40mm/min at 800 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 12 ℃ and the cooling water strength is 45m 3 Casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot under the condition of/h. The other steps are the same as those of the third to fifth embodiments.
Seventh embodiment: the present embodiment differs from the third to sixth embodiments in that: and fourthly, preserving heat of the aluminum alloy round ingot with the removed oxide skin for 12 hours at the temperature of 320 ℃, then heating to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 48 hours at 470 ℃, continuously heating to 473 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours at 473 ℃, discharging, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the annealed round ingot. The other steps are the same as those of the third to sixth embodiments.
Eighth embodiment: the present embodiment differs from the third to seventh embodiments in that: and fifthly, extruding the annealed round ingot into an extruded material at the temperature of 430 ℃ to obtain the hot extruded material. The other steps are the same as those of the third to seventh embodiments.
Detailed description nine: the present embodiment differs from the third to eighth embodiments in that: and step six, heat-preserving the hot extrusion material for 2 hours at 430 ℃, then heat-preserving for 3 hours at 470 ℃, finally heat-preserving for 1 hour at 475 ℃, discharging, and cooling to room temperature by water, thus obtaining the treated aluminum alloy extrusion material. The other steps are the same as those of the third to eighth embodiments.
Detailed description ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the third to ninth embodiments in that: and step nine, placing the roll-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material into a resistance heating furnace with the temperature of 120 ℃ for heating for 26 hours, carrying out aging treatment, discharging and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material. The other steps are the same as those of the third to ninth embodiments.
The following examples are used to verify the benefits of the present invention:
example 1: the preparation method of the 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material is completed according to the following steps:
1. the mass percentage of elements is as follows: 2.2%, mn:0.4%, mg:2.4%, cr:0.04%, zn:8.8%, ti:0.30%, zr:0.12, sc:0.13%, er:0.14% of Al and the balance of Al, and taking aluminum ingots, cathode copper, aluminum-manganese alloy, primary magnesium ingots, zinc ingots, aluminum-chromium alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-scandium alloy and aluminum-erbium alloy as raw materials;
2. smelting the aluminum ingot, cathode copper, aluminum-manganese alloy, zinc ingot, aluminum-chromium alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy and aluminum-zirconium alloy weighed in the first step at 750 ℃ for 6 hours, heating to 790 ℃, uniformly adding aluminum-scandium alloy and aluminum-erbium alloy for more than three times, preserving heat for 10-20 min after each addition, adding again, cooling to 740 ℃ after the melt is uniformly stirred, adding a primary magnesium ingot, and heating to 740 ℃ to obtain aluminum alloy melt; at a casting temperature of 740 ℃, a casting speed of 50mm/min, a cooling water temperature of 15 ℃ and a cooling water strength of 40m 3 Casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot under the condition of/h;
3. removing casting oxide skin of the round ingot under the room temperature condition to obtain an aluminum alloy round ingot with the oxide skin removed;
4. maintaining the temperature of the aluminum alloy round ingot with the oxide removed at 320 ℃ for 12 hours, then raising the temperature to 470 ℃, maintaining the temperature at 470 ℃ for 48 hours, continuously raising the temperature to 473 ℃, maintaining the temperature at 473 ℃ for 12 hours, discharging, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain an annealed round ingot;
5. extruding the annealed round ingot into an extrusion material under the condition of 430 ℃ to obtain a hot extrusion material;
6. heat-preserving the hot extrusion material for 2 hours at 430 ℃, then heat-preserving for 3 hours at 470 ℃, finally heat-preserving for 1 hour at 475 ℃, discharging, and cooling to room temperature by water to obtain the treated aluminum alloy extrusion material;
7. carrying out tension straightening on the treated aluminum alloy extrusion material by a stretcher to obtain a tension-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material;
8. carrying out roller straightening on the aluminum alloy extrusion material subjected to tension straightening to obtain a roller-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material;
9. and (3) putting the roll-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material into a resistance heating furnace with the temperature of 120 ℃ for heating for 26 hours, carrying out aging treatment, discharging and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material.
700MPa grade Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material prepared in the embodiment. According to GB/T228 test method for testing room temperature tensile properties of metal materials, longitudinal tensile strength of an extruded material is 719MPa, non-proportional tensile strength is 668MPa, and elongation after breaking is 7.8%; the compressive yield strength is 682MPa.
The scanning image of the extrusion state tissue electron microscope in the step six of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1;
FIG. 1 is a scanning image of a pressed tissue of a five-hot pressed extrusion in example 1;
as can be seen from FIG. 1, the extrusion effect is obvious, the second phase is well broken, and the distribution is more uniform.
The metallographic structure diagram of the aluminum alloy extruded material after the quenching treatment in the step six is shown in figure 2;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of an aluminum alloy extruded material after the sixth quenching treatment in example 1;
as can be seen from fig. 2, the cross section can observe island-shaped structures, the extrusion surface can observe strip-shaped structures, and the head and tail substrates are all distributed with a large number of tiny dispersed quaternary phases, and part of the quaternary phases are iron-rich phases.
FIG. 3 is a surface metallographic structure diagram of a 700 MPa-grade super-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure diagram of a core material of a 700 MPa-grade super-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material prepared in example 1;
as can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the difference in the structure of each section position of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-based aluminum alloy extrudate is small by performing a reasonable extrusion process.
FIG. 5 is a transmission electron microscope image of a 700 MPa-level super-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ingot prepared in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a 700 MPa-grade ultra-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ingot Al prepared in example 1 3 A transmission electron microscope image of the (Zr, sc, er) precipitated phase;
as can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 6, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ingot prepared in this example is homogenized to form dispersed Al 3 (Zr, sc and Er) can effectively inhibit the occurrence of recrystallization behavior of the alloy in the thermal deformation and solution treatment process, and improve the strength of the extruded material.
FIG. 7 is a high-power metallographic view of the D/2 position of the ingot after the treatment of step four of example 1;
FIG. 8 is a high-power metallographic diagram at the D/4 position of the ingot after the treatment of step four of example 1;
FIG. 9 is a high-power metallographic structure diagram of the edge of the ingot after the treatment in step four of example 1;
as is clear from fig. 7 to 9, the precipitated phase after the homogenization treatment was found to be sufficiently dissolved back, and only a sporadic white Fe-rich phase remained, resulting in a preferable homogenized structure.
Fig. 10 is a high-power metallographic structure diagram of the head end structure of the profile after the step five extrusion in example 1;
FIG. 11 is a high-power metallographic structure diagram of the tail end structure of the profile after the step five extrusion in example 1;
fig. 10 to 11 illustrate that the difference of the head and tail tissues of the profile is obviously improved, the deformation is sufficient, and the second phase is tiny and fragmented and distributed uniformly.
Performing tissue analysis on the aluminum alloy extruded material subjected to the step nine ageing treatment, as shown in fig. 12-14;
FIG. 12 is a selected area electron diffraction pattern;
fig. 12 presents very pronounced GP zone diffraction spots.
FIG. 13 is a TEM photograph of an intra-crystalline precipitated phase obtained from a 700 MPa-grade super-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrudate prepared in example 1;
FIG. 14 is a TEM photograph of the grain boundary of a 700 MPa-grade super-strong Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material prepared in example 1.
As can be seen from fig. 13 to 14: the grain boundary of the extruded material is very fine, the size of the precipitated phase in the crystal is fine and dispersed, and a very good strengthening effect can be achieved.
Example 2: the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: the first step comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 2.0%, mn:0.3%, mg:2.2%, cr:0.03%, zn:8.7%, ti:0.23%, zr:0.11%, sc:0.12%, er:0.11 percent of Al and the balance of Al are weighed as raw materials, namely aluminum ingots, cathode copper, aluminum-manganese alloy, primary magnesium ingots, zinc ingots, aluminum-chromium alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-scandium alloy and aluminum-erbium alloy. Other steps and parameters were the same as in example 1.
700MPa grade Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion prepared in example 2. According to GB/T228 test method for testing room temperature tensile properties of metal materials, the longitudinal tensile strength of an extruded material is 711MPa, the non-proportional extension strength is 657MPa, and the elongation after break is 10.2%; the compressive yield strength is 673MPa.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material is characterized in that the aluminum alloy extrusion material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.9 to 2.5 percent of Mn:0.2 to 0.6 percent of Mg:1.8 to 2.5 percent of Cr:0.03 to 0.05 percent of Zn:8.4 to 9.4 percent of Ti:0.10 to 0.30 percent of Zr:0.10 to 0.13 percent of Sc: 0.10-0.30%, er:0.10 to 0.30 percent and the balance of Al; the preparation method is completed according to the following steps:
1. the mass percentage of elements is as follows: 1.9 to 2.5 percent of Mn:0.2 to 0.6 percent of Mg:1.8 to 2.5 percent of Cr:0.03 to 0.05 percent of Zn:8.4 to 9.4 percent of Ti:0.10 to 0.30 percent of Zr:0.10 to 0.13 percent of Sc: 0.10-0.30%, er:0.10 to 0.30 percent of Al and the balance of Al are weighed as raw materials;
2. smelting the raw materials in the first step to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot;
smelting the aluminum ingot, cathode copper, aluminum-manganese alloy, zinc ingot, aluminum-chromium alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy and aluminum-zirconium alloy weighed in the first step at 700-760 ℃ for 5-7 h, heating to 780-820 ℃, uniformly adding aluminum-scandium alloy and aluminum-erbium alloy for more than three times, preserving heat for 10-20 min after each addition, adding again, cooling to 720-760 ℃ after the solution is uniformly stirred, adding the primary magnesium ingot, and heating to 720-760 ℃ to obtain aluminum alloy solution;
in the second step, the casting speed is 35mm/min to 60mm/min at 700 ℃ to 820 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 10 ℃ to 25 ℃ and the cooling water strength is 20m 3 /h～70m 3 Casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot under the condition of/h;
3. removing casting oxide skin of the round ingot under the room temperature condition to obtain an aluminum alloy round ingot with the oxide skin removed;
4. the aluminum alloy round ingot with the oxide skin removed is insulated for 12 hours under the condition that the temperature is 300 ℃ to 400 ℃, then is heated to 430 ℃ to 470 ℃, is insulated for 48 hours under the condition that the temperature is 430 ℃ to 470 ℃, is continuously heated to 473 ℃ to 475 ℃, is insulated for 12 hours under the condition that the temperature is 473 ℃ to 475 ℃, is naturally cooled to room temperature after being discharged, and the annealed round ingot is obtained;
5. extruding the annealed round ingot into an extrusion material under the condition of the temperature of 350-450 ℃ to obtain a hot extrusion material;
6. heat preservation is carried out on the hot extrusion material for 2 hours at 400-450 ℃, heat preservation is carried out on the hot extrusion material for 3 hours at 460-470 ℃, heat preservation is carried out on the hot extrusion material for 1 hour at 473-475 ℃, and water cooling is carried out on the hot extrusion material to room temperature, thus obtaining the processed aluminum alloy extrusion material;
7. carrying out tension straightening on the treated aluminum alloy extrusion material by a stretcher to obtain a tension-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material;
8. carrying out roller straightening on the aluminum alloy extrusion material subjected to tension straightening to obtain a roller-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material;
9. and (3) placing the roll-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material into a resistance heating furnace with the temperature of 115-125 ℃ for heating for 24-30 hours, carrying out aging treatment, discharging and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material.
2. The preparation method of the 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material, which is characterized in that the aluminum alloy extrusion material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.2%, mn:0.4%, mg:2.4%, cr:0.04%, zn:8.8%, ti:0.30%, zr:0.12, sc:0.13%, er:0.14% and the balance Al.
3. The method for producing 700 MPa-grade Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the casting speed is 40mm/min at 800 ℃, the cooling water temperature is 12 ℃ and the cooling water strength is 45m 3 Casting the aluminum alloy melt into a round ingot under the condition of/h.
4. The method for preparing 700MPa grade Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the fourth step, the aluminum alloy round ingot with the oxide removed is kept at 320 ℃ for 12 hours, then is heated to 470 ℃, is kept at 470 ℃ for 48 hours, is continuously heated to 473 ℃, is kept at 473 ℃ for 12 hours, and is naturally cooled to room temperature after being discharged, so as to obtain annealed round ingot.
5. The method for preparing 700MPa grade Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the annealed round cast ingot is extruded into extrusion material under the condition of 430 ℃ to obtain the hot extrusion material.
6. The method for preparing 700 MPa-level Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion according to claim 1, wherein the hot extrusion is kept at 430 ℃ for 2 hours, is kept at 470 ℃ for 3 hours, is kept at 475 ℃ for 1 hour, and is discharged from a furnace and cooled to room temperature, so that the treated aluminum alloy extrusion is obtained.
7. The method for preparing the 700 MPa-grade Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material, which is characterized in that in the step nine, the roll-straightened aluminum alloy extrusion material is put into a resistance heating furnace with the temperature of 120 ℃ for heating for 26 hours, aging treatment is carried out, and the aluminum alloy extrusion material is taken out of the furnace and naturally cooled to the room temperature, thus obtaining the 700 MPa-grade Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy extrusion material.
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| CN105401021A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-03-16 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Aluminum alloy extruded sectional material at grade of 700 MPa |
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