CN116551119A - Swing laser scanning assisted high-speed welding fuse forming method and system - Google Patents

Swing laser scanning assisted high-speed welding fuse forming method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116551119A
CN116551119A CN202310597816.6A CN202310597816A CN116551119A CN 116551119 A CN116551119 A CN 116551119A CN 202310597816 A CN202310597816 A CN 202310597816A CN 116551119 A CN116551119 A CN 116551119A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
swing
arc welding
laser head
welding gun
swing laser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310597816.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
肖珺
葛欣雨
陈树君
盖胜男
闫朝阳
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Publication date
Application filed by Beijing University of Technology filed Critical Beijing University of Technology
Priority to CN202310597816.6A priority Critical patent/CN116551119A/en
Publication of CN116551119A publication Critical patent/CN116551119A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a swing laser scanning assisted high-speed welding fuse forming method and system, and relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing or welding. The method comprises the following steps: step one: providing travelling equipment, installing a swing laser head and an arc welding gun, wherein the swing laser head is connected with a laser generator, and the arc welding gun is connected with a power supply; step two: adjusting the positions of the swing laser head and the arc welding gun, and accessing welding protection gas; step three: setting laser and welding gun parameters; step four: introducing welding protection gas, starting a swing laser head and an arc welding gun, enabling the swing laser beam to weld or pre-clean a base metal in front of an arc melting pool to form specific grains, and enabling the arc welding gun to reach a grain area; step five: after a predetermined length, the respective device is turned off. The system comprises all components used in the method, and by the method and the system, the directional guiding and restraining effects on a molten pool can be achieved, the boundary of a welding channel is precisely controlled, forming defects are restrained, and forming precision and quality are improved.

Description

Swing laser scanning assisted high-speed welding fuse forming method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing or welding, in particular to a swing laser scanning-assisted high-speed welding fuse forming method and system.
Background
Welding is an important basic forming process for metal structures, and arc welding and laser welding are currently the most widely used fusion welding processes. In recent years, arc or laser fuse additive manufacturing technology has been developed based on the principle of arc welding or laser welding, wherein the arc welding/fuse forming process has the advantages of low cost, high deposition efficiency, simple operation and the like, and is widely applied to welding and additive manufacturing of various structures at present.
Whether welding or additive manufacturing, ensuring high precision forming quality while achieving high efficiency and high speed has been a technological breakthrough expected in the industry. However, during the welding or fuse forming process, there are often serious defects such as irregular weld formation and hump formation due to various factors, and these defects are generally further significantly deteriorated with the increase of the welding/fuse forming speed, thereby limiting the production efficiency. The research shows that the generation of the forming defects is related to the flow behavior of a molten pool, and how to effectively control the flow of the molten pool in the welding or fuse forming process, inhibit the forming defects and improve the forming precision is key to realizing high-speed welding or fuse additive manufacturing.
In view of the above, the invention provides a swing laser scanning assisted high-speed welding and fuse forming method and system, which are used for solving the problems of irregular forming, poor consistency of weld width and height and low weld forming precision in the high-speed welding and fuse forming process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a swing laser scanning assisted high-speed welding fuse forming method and system, which can play a role in directional guiding and restraining on a molten pool, accurately control a welding channel boundary and improve forming precision and forming quality.
The first aspect of the present invention provides a swing laser scanning assisted high speed solder fuse forming method, comprising the steps of:
step one: providing travelling equipment, installing a swinging laser head and an arc welding gun at the tail end of the travelling equipment, enabling the swinging laser head and the arc welding gun to be positioned above a workpiece to be welded, connecting the swinging laser head with a laser generator through a transmission optical fiber, and connecting the arc welding gun with a power supply;
step two: adjusting the relative positions of the swing laser head, the workpiece to be welded and the arc welding gun to enable the swing laser head to be positioned at the front side of the travelling direction of travelling equipment, enabling the swing laser head and the arc welding gun to be positioned on the same straight line above the workpiece to be welded, and connecting a welding protection gas tank to the arc welding gun and the swing laser head through a pipeline;
step three: setting laser parameters of a swing laser head and welding parameters of an arc welding gun;
step four: starting travelling equipment, respectively introducing welding protective gas to the swing laser head and the arc welding gun from a welding protective gas tank, restarting the swing laser head and the arc welding gun, scanning a swing laser beam emitted by the swing laser head in front of an arc melting pool of a target area of a workpiece to be welded with set power and geometric track to form surface grains with specific size and shape, and enabling the arc welding gun to reach the grain area to perform arc welding or fuse forming process;
step five: after the arc welding or fuse forming reaches a predetermined length, the swing laser head and the arc welding gun are closed, and then the running of the traveling device and the introduction of the welding shielding gas are stopped.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the target area of the workpiece to be welded is a specific area on the surface of the base material, surface contaminants and oxides are removed from the target area of the workpiece to be welded by swinging laser beams along with welding or pre-cleaning, and the scanning is performed to prepare lines, and after the workpiece to be welded is cooled to room temperature or at a specific temperature, arc welding or fuse forming process is performed on the target area of the workpiece to be welded.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the target area of the workpiece to be welded is a formed welding seam, surface pollutants and oxides are removed from the target area of the workpiece to be welded by swinging laser beams along with welding or pre-cleaning, and scanning is performed to prepare lines, and after the workpiece to be welded is cooled to room temperature or at a specific temperature, arc welding or fuse forming process is performed on the target area of the workpiece to be welded.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the flow rates of the welding protection gas introduced into the swing laser head and the arc welding gun are respectively 1-50L/min.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the defocus amount of the oscillating laser beam is-10 mm to 10mm.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the swing paths of the swing laser head and the swing laser beam are o, 8, ++or continuous folding lines.
Preferably, the power of the laser generator is 100-10000W.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the oscillating laser head and the oscillating laser beam have an oscillating frequency of 1Hz to 1000Hz.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the swing amplitude of the swing laser head and the swing laser beam is 1 mm-50 mm.
On the other hand, the invention provides a system for forming a high-speed welding fuse wire by using the swing laser scanning auxiliary high-speed welding fuse wire forming method, which comprises the swing laser head, the welding protection gas tank, the arc welding gun and the travelling equipment, wherein the swing laser head is connected with a laser generator through a transmission optical fiber, the arc welding gun is electrically connected with a welding power supply, a welding rod is connected with the arc welding gun through a wire feeding mechanism, the swing laser head and the arc welding gun are arranged at the tail end of the travelling equipment and can move along with the swing laser head and the arc welding gun in a straight line and an arc manner, and the welding protection gas tank is respectively connected with the swing laser head and the arc welding gun through pipelines.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The surface of the workpiece to be welded is scanned by the swing laser beam emitted by the swing laser head, so that the surface oxide film and other pollutants of the workpiece to be welded can be effectively removed, and the porosity in the welded seam after welding can be effectively reduced;
2) Under the condition of lower heat input, the swing laser scanning plays a role in locally and controllably preheating the workpiece, so that the temperature field of a molten pool is regulated and controlled, the combination of deposited metal and a workpiece parent metal to be welded is promoted, the wetting and spreading of the molten pool on the surface of the workpiece are promoted, and the weld joint forming is improved;
3) The swing laser beam is adopted to prepare grains with different shapes on the surface of the workpiece to be welded in advance or along with welding, the directional guiding and restraining effects on the molten pool can be achieved, the molten pool spreading is promoted in the grain area, the molten pool dripping is restrained at the grain boundary, and therefore active homogenization regulation and control of the weld bead width are achieved, the grain with different widths is matched to prepare, the welding channel boundary can be accurately controlled, the hump forming defects are overcome, and the forming precision and forming quality are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high speed solder fuse forming system according to the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate:
1: a workpiece to be welded; 2: oscillating the laser beam; 3: swinging the laser head; 4: a laser generator; 5: a transmission optical fiber; 6: welding a protective gas tank; 7: a welding power supply; 8: an arc welding gun; 9: forming a weld zone; 10: a textured region.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention provides a swing laser scanning auxiliary high-speed welding fuse forming method and a system, which can play a role in directional guiding and restraining on a molten pool, accurately control a welding channel boundary and improve forming precision and forming quality.
As shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a swinging laser head 3, a welding protection gas tank 6, an arc welding gun 8 and a travelling device, wherein the swinging laser head 3 and the arc welding gun 8 are installed at the tail end of the travelling device and can move linearly and arcuately along with the swinging laser head 3, the swinging laser head 3 is connected with a laser generator 4 through a transmission optical fiber 5, laser emitted by the laser generator 4 is transmitted to the swinging laser head 3 through the transmission optical fiber 5 so as to form a swinging laser beam 2, the swinging laser beam is used for scanning along with welding or in advance on the surface of a workpiece 1 to be welded to form a grain area 10, the arc welding gun 8 is electrically connected with a welding power supply 7, the welding power supply 7 is used for providing power for the arc welding gun 8, and welding rods are connected with the arc welding gun 8 through a wire feeding mechanism so as to perform arc welding or fuse forming along the grain area 10 to form a formed welding seam area 9, and the welding protection gas tank 6 is connected with the swinging laser head 3 and the arc welding gun 8 through a pipeline respectively so as to protect the device and a molten pool area.
The method for performing high-speed welding and fuse forming under the assistance of swing laser scanning by using the system comprises the following steps:
step one: providing travelling equipment, installing a swinging laser head 3 and an arc welding gun 8 at the tail end of the travelling equipment, enabling the swinging laser head 3 and the arc welding gun 8 to be positioned above a workpiece 1 to be welded, connecting the swinging laser head 3 with a laser generator 4 through a transmission optical fiber 5, and connecting the arc welding gun 8 with a power supply;
step two: the positions of a workpiece 1 to be welded, a swing laser head 3 and an arc welding gun 8 are adjusted, the swing laser head 3 is positioned at the front side of the travelling direction of travelling equipment, the swing laser head 3 and the arc welding gun 8 are positioned on the same straight line above the workpiece 1 to be welded, a welding protection gas tank 6 is connected to the arc welding gun 8 and the swing laser head 3 through pipelines, and welding protection gas contained in the welding protection gas tank 6 is argon;
step three: setting laser parameters of the swing laser head 3 and welding parameters of the arc welding gun 8;
step four: starting travelling equipment, respectively introducing argon gas into the positions of the swinging laser head 3 and the arc welding gun 8 by the welding protection gas tank 6, wherein the flow rate of the argon gas is 1-50L/min, introducing welding rods into the arc welding gun 8 by the wire feeding mechanism, starting the swinging laser head 3 and the arc welding gun 8, swinging the swinging laser beam 2 emitted by the swinging laser head 3 in front of an arc molten pool with set power and geometric locus to perform welding or pre-cleaning on a target area of a workpiece to be welded, removing pollutants and oxides on the surface of the target area, forming a grain area 10 with specific size and shape on the surface of the target area of the workpiece to be welded, and enabling the arc welding gun 8 to reach the grain area 10 under the driving of the travelling equipment to perform arc welding or fuse forming process to form a formed welding seam area 9;
step five: after the arc welding or fuse forming reaches a predetermined length, the swing laser head 3 and the arc welding gun 8 are turned off, and then the operation of the traveling apparatus and the introduction of the welding shielding gas are stopped.
In the embodiment, the target area of the workpiece to be welded in the fourth step is a specific area on the surface of a base metal or a formed welding seam, the target area of the workpiece to be welded is cleaned in advance by swinging the laser beam 2 and is provided with grains with a certain shape and size, after the target area of the workpiece to be welded is cooled to room temperature or at a specific temperature, the arc welding or fuse forming process is carried out on the target area of the workpiece to be welded, by adopting the mode, the temperature field of a molten pool can be regulated and controlled by utilizing the laser thermal effect, so that the flowing and spreading of the molten pool are sufficient, the forming defects such as humps are overcome, the forming quality is improved, and on the other hand, the flowing of the molten pool is guided or restrained by the prepared grains, the melting width is precisely controlled, the forming precision is improved, the bonding capability of a deposited welding bead and the base metal is enhanced, and the air hole defects are inhibited.
In this embodiment, the travelling device may be a welding robot. The swing laser head 3 and the swing path of the swing laser beam 2 in the fourth step can be selected from O-shaped, 8-shaped, infinity-shaped or continuous folding lines by the driving of the welding robot.
Specifically, the rated power of the laser generator 4 is 100 to 10000W. The invention can scan the specific area of the workpiece by using the conventional laser heat source for welding without adopting special short pulse laser to clean the heat source and equipment, thereby realizing the cleaning before welding or along with welding of the surface of the workpiece at room temperature or at the specific temperature. The oscillating frequency of the oscillating laser head 3 and the oscillating laser beam 2 is 1 Hz-1000 Hz, the oscillating amplitude of the oscillating laser head 3 and the oscillating laser beam 2 is 1 mm-50 mm, and the defocusing amount is-10 mm.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A swing laser scanning assisted high-speed welding fuse forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one: providing travelling equipment, installing a swinging laser head and an arc welding gun at the tail end of the travelling equipment, enabling the swinging laser head and the arc welding gun to be positioned above a workpiece to be welded, connecting the swinging laser head with a laser generator through a transmission optical fiber, and connecting the arc welding gun with a power supply;
step two: adjusting the relative positions of the swing laser head, the workpiece to be welded and the arc welding gun to enable the swing laser head to be positioned at the front side of the travelling direction of travelling equipment, enabling the swing laser head and the arc welding gun to be positioned on the same straight line above the workpiece to be welded, and connecting a welding protection gas tank to the arc welding gun and the swing laser head through a pipeline;
step three: setting laser parameters of a swing laser head and welding parameters of an arc welding gun;
step four: starting travelling equipment, respectively introducing welding protective gas to the swing laser head and the arc welding gun from a welding protective gas tank, restarting the swing laser head and the arc welding gun, scanning a swing laser beam emitted by the swing laser head in front of an arc melting pool of a target area of a workpiece to be welded with set power and geometric track to form surface grains with specific size and shape, and enabling the arc welding gun to reach the grain area to perform arc welding or fuse forming process;
step five: after the arc welding or fuse forming reaches a predetermined length, the swing laser head and the arc welding gun are closed, and then the running of the traveling device and the introduction of the welding shielding gas are stopped.
2. The method for forming a fuse wire by swing laser scanning assisted high speed welding according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the target area of the workpiece to be welded is a specific area on the surface of a base material, surface contaminants and oxides are removed from the target area of the workpiece to be welded by swing laser beams along with welding or pre-cleaning, and the surface contaminants and oxides are scanned to prepare lines, and after the workpiece to be welded is cooled to room temperature or at a specific temperature, arc welding or fuse wire forming process is performed on the target area of the workpiece to be welded.
3. The swing laser scanning assisted high speed welding fuse forming method according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, on the formed weld seam of the target area of the workpiece to be welded, surface contaminants and oxides are removed by swing laser beams along with welding or pre-cleaning, and scanning to prepare lines, and after cooling to room temperature or at a specific temperature, arc welding or fuse forming process is performed on the target area of the workpiece to be welded.
4. The swing laser scanning assisted high speed welding fuse forming method of claim 1, wherein the flow rates of the welding shielding gas introduced into the swing laser head and the arc welding gun in step four are 1-50L/min, respectively.
5. The swing laser scanning assisted high speed solder fuse forming method of claim 1, wherein the defocus amount of the swing laser beam in step four is-10 mm to 10mm.
6. The swing laser scanning assisted high speed solder fuse forming method of claim 1, wherein the swing laser head and the swing laser beam in step four have a swing path of o, 8, +'s or continuous fold lines.
7. The swing laser scanning assisted high speed solder fuse forming method of claim 1, wherein the laser generator has a power of 100W to 10000W.
8. The swing laser scanning assisted high speed solder fuse forming method of claim 1, wherein the swing laser head and the swing laser beam in step four have a swing frequency of 1Hz to 1000Hz.
9. The swing laser scanning assisted high speed solder fuse forming method of claim 1, wherein the swing laser head and the swing laser beam swing in step four have a swing amplitude of 1mm to 50mm.
10. A system for forming a high-speed welding fuse wire by using the swing laser scanning-assisted high-speed welding fuse wire forming method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising a swing laser head, a welding protection gas tank, an arc welding gun and a travelling device, wherein the swing laser head is connected with a laser generator through a transmission optical fiber, the arc welding gun is electrically connected with a welding power supply, a welding rod is connected with the arc welding gun through a wire feeding mechanism, the swing laser head and the arc welding gun are arranged at the tail end of the travelling device and can move linearly and arcuately along with the swing laser head and the arc welding gun, and the welding protection gas tank is respectively connected with the swing laser head and the arc welding gun through pipelines.
CN202310597816.6A 2023-05-24 2023-05-24 Swing laser scanning assisted high-speed welding fuse forming method and system Pending CN116551119A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310597816.6A CN116551119A (en) 2023-05-24 2023-05-24 Swing laser scanning assisted high-speed welding fuse forming method and system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310597816.6A CN116551119A (en) 2023-05-24 2023-05-24 Swing laser scanning assisted high-speed welding fuse forming method and system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116551119A true CN116551119A (en) 2023-08-08

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310597816.6A Pending CN116551119A (en) 2023-05-24 2023-05-24 Swing laser scanning assisted high-speed welding fuse forming method and system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116551119A (en)

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