CN116543831B - 生物标志物ets2在预测肠化生结局中的应用 - Google Patents
生物标志物ets2在预测肠化生结局中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及生物标志物ETS2在预测肠化生结局中的应用。具体地,本发明提供了一种预测肠化生结局的设备,所述设备包括:存储器和处理器,所述存储器用于存储程序指令;所述处理器用于调用程序指令,当程序指令被执行时,用于执行以下操作:获取待测样本的ETS2基因表达数据,将获取的ETS2基因表达数据与阈值相比较,得到待测样本肠化生结局的预测结果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及生物标志物ETS2在预测肠化生结局中的应用。
背景技术
胃粘膜肠上皮化生(Intestinal metaplasia,IM,肠化生)是指胃粘膜上皮细胞被肠型上皮细胞所代替,胃粘膜中出现类似小肠或大肠粘膜的上皮细胞的现象。胃癌发病与肠化生细胞外基质合成降解平衡失调、胃粘膜组织的分解退变、胃粘膜持续病理性炎症状态密切相关。胃黏膜肠化本身不引起症状,通常是在患者进行上消化道内镜检查时取胃部活检无意发现的。肠化会伴有胃酸缺乏,可导致小肠细菌过度生长,部分患者可反复出现上腹部不适、嗳气、烧心、腹泻等症状。胃黏膜肠上皮化生可分为三度:胃黏膜1/3以下者为轻度,胃黏膜1/3~2/3者为中度,大于胃黏膜2/3者为重度。
现有技术中已经提出了正常胃黏膜-慢性非萎缩性胃炎-慢性萎缩性胃炎-肠化生-低级别上皮内瘤变-高级别上皮内瘤变-胃癌的发展路径,研究证实肠化生是最重要的胃癌前病变之一。
根据肠化生的结局将其划分为肠化生-肠化生(好肠化,患者始终维持在肠化生阶段)和肠化生-胃癌(坏肠化,是患者从肠化生阶段逐渐进展至胃癌)2种肠化生类型(结局),此2种肠化生的病程、进展速度、结局均具有极大差异,因此也决定了临床诊疗上完全不同的干预方式、监测频率以及随访周期等。胃粘膜肠上皮化生阶段的诊断、干预及治疗是胃癌二级预防的重要内容,对于胃癌的防治具有重要意义。
目前肠化生-胃癌进展机制不明,缺乏相关生物标志物研究,导致临床无法对其进行针对性的干预。筛选肠化生-胃癌的生物标志物在阻滞肠化生进展,降低胃癌发病率等方面具有实际意义。
发明内容
本发明基于真实世界完成临床序贯病例的纳排,入组病例均为基于病理组织学确诊为肠化生的患者,且在同一医疗机构的不同时间点留取2次及以上的肠化生组织,根据其病变结局将其分为肠化生-肠化生(好肠化)和肠化生-胃癌(坏肠化)2种肠化生类型;通过收样、DSP平台处理病理切片、测序建库分析,提供了精准预测肠化生结局的重要生物标志物,有利于临床实现对肠化生患者的精准分流,显著提高肠化生的早筛、早诊、早治。
具体地,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一方面,本发明提供了一种预测肠化生结局的设备,所述设备包括:存储器和处理器,所述存储器用于存储程序指令;
所述处理器用于调用程序指令,当程序指令被执行时,用于执行以下操作:获取待测样本的ETS2基因表达数据,将获取的ETS2基因表达数据与阈值相比较,得到待测样本肠化生结局的预测结果。
具体地,判断标准为:在获取的ETS2基因表达数据高于阈值的情况下,预测结果为坏肠化,也即肠化生进展为癌症;而在ETS2不高于阈值的情况下,预测结果为好化生,也即维持在肠化生阶段而不进展为胃癌。
在一种具体地实施例中,所述设备也可以称为系统,其不以实物的形式存在,但可以通过处理器运行以上操作。
在一种具体地实施例中,所述设备可以包括一个或多个存储器单元(例如,随机存取存储器、只读存储器、闪速存储器)、电子存储单元(例如,硬盘)、用于与一个或多个其他系统通信的通信接口(例如,网络适配器)以及外围设备,如高速缓存、其他存储器、数据存储和/或电子显示适配器。在一个实例中,一个或多个存储器单元可以存储接收的待测样本的ETS2基因表达数据和/或受试者信息等其他信息。
本发明所述待测样本来自于受试者,在一种具体地实施例中,所述受试者是肠化生患者。
在一种具体地实施例中,所述系统可包含一个或多个计算机处理器。所述一个或多个计算机处理器可以与一个或多个存储器单元可操作地耦合(连接、联系),以访问存储的待测样本的ETS2基因表达数据。所述一个或多个计算机处理器可以执行代码来执行本发明所述预测肠化生结局的方法。
在另一种具体的实施方式中,当程序指令被执行时,还获取待测样本的JUN基和RPL8基因的表达数据;在获取的JUN、ETS2或RPL8基因中任意一种的表达数据高于阈值的情况下,预测结果为坏肠化,也即肠化生进展为癌症;而在JUN、ETS2和RPL8基因不高于阈值的情况下,预测结果为好化生,也即维持在肠化生阶段而不进展为胃癌。
在另一种具体的实施方式中,所述设备也可以称为区分好肠化和坏肠化患者的设备、预测肠化生患者进展为胃癌的可能性的设备、预测肠化生患者的结局的设备,或者,胃癌早期诊断的设备。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种预测肠化生结局的方法,所述方法包括根据待测样本的ETS2基因表达数据判断受试者是否会由肠化生进展为胃癌的步骤。所述方法有利于肠化生的早筛、早诊、早治。
具体地,所述判断是通过将待测样本的ETS2基因表达数据与阈值相比较,在待测样本的ETS2基因表达数据高于阈值时,代表所述待测样本对应的受试者的预测结局为胃癌。反之,则预测结果为维持肠化生而不进展为胃癌。
优选地,所述方法还可以通过检测待测样本中JUN、ETS2和RPL8的表达量判断受试者的肠化生结局。在JUN、ETS2和RPL8中至少一个高于各基因所对应的阈值时,则代表所述待测样本对应的受试者的预测结局为胃癌。
更具体地,JUN、ETS2在细胞核中表达,RPL8在细胞质中表达。JUN、ETS2、RPL8均在肠化生组呈低表达,在胃癌组呈高表达。
本发明所述“阈值”、“cutoff”是相同含义,可以相互替换。对于阈值的确定,不同的测量技术会得到不同的测量结果,例如本发明表2中对于cut-off值的记载是基于免疫组化半定量分析方法的测量值,而在其他测量技术中,该数值会有所改变,则可能需要类推转换,这种转换是在本领域技术人员技能范畴之内的。同时,容易理解的是,不同生物标志物的阈值不相同,需根据实际检测情况确定,其确定方法是本领域技术人员所熟悉的。
根据特定的实施方案,所述高于阈值可以是比阈值高10%、20%、25%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、75%、80%、90%、100%、150%、200%或甚至更高的水平。
术语“待测样本”、“样本”可以是从受试者分离的任何生物样本。例如,样本可以包括但不限于体液、全血、血小板、血清、血浆、粪便、红细胞、白细胞或白血球、内皮细胞、组织活组织检查、滑液、淋巴液、腹水、间质或细胞外液、细胞间空间的液体,包括龈沟液、骨髓、脑脊液、唾液、粘液、痰、精液、汗液、尿液、鼻刷液、巴氏涂片液或任何其他体液。体液可以包括唾液、血液或血清。
优选地,所述样本是组织。
更具体地,本发明涉及的组织包括行内镜或手术用于诊断或干预治疗肠化生患者所留取的肠化生组织。
优选地,本发明涉及的组织是通过石蜡包埋方法进行保存的组织样本。
更具体地,所述待测样本来源于人、肠化生患者。在一种具体地实施例中,所述肠化生患者与受试者具有相同含义,可互相替换。
另一方面,本发明提供了检测ETS2表达量的试剂在制备判断肠化生是否会进展为胃癌的产品中的应用。
优选地,所述试剂包括通过蛋白免疫技术、染料技术、核酸测序技术、核酸杂交技术、色谱技术、质谱技术、数字成像技术、测序技术中的一种或多种检测样本中所述ETS2表达量表达水平的试剂。
优选地,所述试剂包括检测mRNA表达水平的试剂。
优选地,所述试剂包括检测蛋白表达水平的试剂。
优选地,所述检测mRNA表达量的试剂包括特异性引物和/或探针。
优选地,所述探针可以是DNA、RNA、DNA-RNA嵌合体、PNA或其它衍生物。所述探针的长度没有限制,只要完成特异性杂交、与目的核苷酸序列特异性结合,任何长度都可以。
优选地,所述检测蛋白表达量的试剂包括以下方法中使用到的试剂:蛋白质印迹(Western Blot法)、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、放射性免疫测定(RIA)、夹心测定、免疫组织化学染色、质谱法、免疫沉淀分析法、补体结合分析法、流式细胞荧光分辨技术和蛋白质芯片。
优选地,所述检测蛋白表达量的试剂包括特异性抗体,更具体地,特异性结合ETS2的抗体。
优选地,所述抗体包括单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体。所述抗体包括完整的抗体分子、抗体的任何片段或带有修饰的抗体,具体地,所述抗体包括嵌合抗体、scFv、Fab、F(ab’)2、Fv等。只要所述片段能够保留与蛋白的结合能力即可。用于检测蛋白质水平的抗体的制备是本领域技术人员公知的,并且本发明可以使用任何方法来制备所述抗体。
优选地,所述试剂盒中还可以包括mRNA表达量辅助检测试剂、蛋白表达量辅助检测试剂、mRNA表达量辅助检测仪器、蛋白表达量辅助检测仪器。
术语“表达量”或“表达水平”通常可互换使用,且一般指生物学样品中多核苷酸、mRNA或氨基酸产物或蛋白质的量。“表达”一般指基因所编码的信息转换成细胞中存在的和运行的结构的过程。
本发明可以利用本领域内已知的任何方法测定基因表达。本领域技术人员应当理解,测定基因表达的手段不是本发明的重要方面。为了检测基因的表达,可使用多个互不相同的检测方法。
优选地,所述产品中还包括检测RPL8和/或ETS2表达量的试剂。
也即,最优选地,本发明提供了检测试剂组合物在制备判断肠化生是否会进展为胃癌的产品中的应用,所述检测试剂组合物中包括检测JUN、RPL8和ETS2表达量的试剂。
优选地,所述产品包括试剂盒、芯片、系统、装置、软件。
本发明所述JUN还可以称为V-Jun Avian Sarcoma Virus 17Oncogene Homolog、C-Jun、AP-1,其NCBI GENE ID为3725。
本发明所述ETS2还可以称为V-Ets Avian Erythroblastosis Virus E26Oncogene Homolog 2、Protein C-Ets-2,其NCBI GENE ID为2114。
本发明所述RPL8还可以称为L8、Large Ribosomal Subunit Protein UL2,其NCBIGENE ID为6132。
本发明的优点和有益效果:
本发明所提供的ETS2与肠化生结局具有极高的关联度,敏感性和特异性高达0.8以上,AUC值高达0.9以上。即本发明所提供的通过ETS2表达量预测肠化生结局的产品都具有准确预测肠化生患者是否会进展为胃癌或维持肠化生阶段的效果。本发明所提供产品及其应用对于临床具有重要意义,可用于胃癌的早期发现,为患者争取时间,尽早开始治疗,提高患者的生存率,降低死亡率。
附图说明
图1是基于DSP技术获取肠化生-胃癌的细胞形态学标记图像与对应的IHC图像;A:肠化生;B:胃腺癌。
图2是CD45和PanCK为细胞形态学标记的背景下得到的肠化生-癌差异基因火山图;A是CD45为细胞形态学标记,B是PanCK为细胞形态学标记。
图3是免疫组化实验鉴定ETS2在肠化生组织和胃癌组织中表达情况的结果图。
图4是ETS2在肠化生-胃癌组间差异统计分析结果图。
图5是在人肠化生-胃癌组织中ETS2免疫组化半定量分析结果绘制的ROC曲线。图6是在人肠化生-胃癌组织中JUN、ETS2和RPL8免疫组化半定量分析结果绘制的ROC曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,以下所述,仅是对本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明做其他形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更为同等变化的等效实施例。凡是未脱离本发明方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以下实施例所做的任何简单修改或等同变化,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1、通过数字空间分析技术平台筛选差异基因
1、实验材料
临床序贯人胃粘膜肠化生组织8例
数字空间分析(GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler,DSP)技术平台
2、实验方法
2.1临床样本收集
病例样本收集:以望京医院为中心单位,联合各个分中心单位,基于临床医生、病理学专家、临床患者、就诊系统等多途径收集肠化生患者。根据肠化生结局分组如下:
肠化生-肠化生(好肠化组):肠化生后的时间点依然保持肠化生(5年以内未进展);
肠化生-胃癌(坏肠化组):肠化生后的时间点进展为胃黏膜上皮内瘤变或胃癌;
共纳入2组,每组4例,共8例。所选组织均为10%的中性缓冲福尔马林固定的石蜡包埋组织。
2.2DSP技术平台分析
胃粘膜肠化生序贯组织样本切片制备。切片厚度为5μm,推荐使用新鲜切片,如需要保存,保存时间不能超过14天;如果样品表面暴露于空气中,最初的2-3片弃掉不用;3year-old FFPE blocks;组织切片须放置于玻片上的有效位置内(长35.3mm×宽14.1mm),若每张载玻片上有多个切片,请确保组织间隔至少2–3mm,具体放置情况可根据组织大小确定;推荐使用阳离子防脱片(SuperFrostTM Plus载玻片)来制备切片,以防出现组织脱落。质控合格后使用。
石蜡组织切片及HE染色:石蜡切片脱蜡,梯度酒精水化;蒸馏水洗;苏木素染8min,自来水洗,1%的盐酸酒精分化3-5秒,自来水冲洗,0.6%氨水返蓝,流水冲洗;伊红染色1-3min;梯度酒精脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片;免疫组织化学染色:常规组织固定、脱水、包埋、石蜡切片,65℃烤片1h,脱蜡、水化,酶修复法进行抗原修复,细胞样本95%乙醇充分固定,3%过氧化氢孵育10min,PBS洗2次,一抗孵育30min,PBS洗2次,二抗孵育20min,PBS洗2次,DAB染色,自来水冲洗,复染,脱水,透明,封片;
病理HE载玻片备用,启用DSP分析平台,RNA探针原位杂交孵育,形态学markers染色,加载仪器并设置;将载玻片装入仪器,识别载玻片,定义扫描区域,可选择ROIs,点击“Approve ROIs”进入UV切割,通过毛细管针将切割后的oligos收集到孔板中;NGS文库制备和质控;测序文库构建质控,对Oligo进行Illumina测序定量。获取好肠化和坏肠化的差异基因,进行生信分析。
2.2关键差异基因筛选
通过DSP分析平台得到好肠化和坏肠化组的差异表达基因,标记基因的筛选条件为:adjusted p-value<0.05;Log2(fold change)>1.2。
3、实验结果
图1是基于DSP技术获取肠化生-胃癌的细胞形态学标记图像与对应的IHC图像。A.肠化生:该列的图片依次为肠化生的HE图像、基于DSP技术获取的同部位形态学标记图像、CD45形态学标记图像、PanCK形态学标记图像;B.胃腺癌:该列的图片依次为胃腺癌的HE图像、基于DSP技术获取的同部位形态学标记图像、CD45形态学标记图像、PanCK形态学标记图像。
分别以CD45(炎症细胞)和PanCK(上皮细胞)为细胞形态学标记的背景基础,筛选获得了CD45/PanCK共同表达的一组肠化生-胃癌的差异基因,其中包括:JUN、ETS2、RPL8。差异基因火山图如图2所示。
表1、CD45、PanCK基础上肠化生-癌的差异基因表
实施例2、分子标志物鉴定实验
1、实验材料
人胃粘膜肠化生组织30例
Anti-JUN Antibody(JUN,博士德生物,BM4168,)
RabbitAnti-ETS2 antibody(ETS2,博奥森生物,bs-5964R)
Anti-RPL8 Antibody(RPL8,博士德生物,A06793-1)
2、实验方法
2.1标本收集
按照实施例1中2.1临床样本收集的标准另收集人胃粘膜肠化生组织30例。样本为根据临床实际诊疗情况,必须行内镜或手术用于诊断或干预治疗肠化生/胃癌患者所留取的肠化生/胃癌病变组织。
2.2免疫组化染色及判读
常规组织固定、脱水、包埋、石蜡切片,65℃烤片1h,脱蜡、水化,酶修复法进行抗原修复,细胞样本95%乙醇充分固定,3%过氧化氢孵育10min,PBS洗2次,一抗孵育30min,Anti-Aggrecan Antibody稀释浓度为1:50,PBS洗2次,二抗孵育20min,PBS洗2次,DAB染色,自来水充分冲洗,复染,脱水,透明,封片。封片后使用显微镜观察染色结果。
切片的病理学结果由两名经验丰富的病理学家双盲阅片,并使用共识解释作为最终的结果。不同的结果由第三位病理学家裁决。
2.3ROC曲线
随机对每张免疫组化切片进行3个视野的随机采图,每个视野在10X镜下被拍摄。通过image pro plus软件分析每张切片3个随机视野的JUN、ETS2+阳性细胞数,将细胞总数进行统计分析;RPL8+阳性表达的积分光密度采用3个随机视野的平均值。病理学结果由两名病理学家独立分析,并使用共识解释作为最终的结果,不同的结果由第三位病理学家裁决。
采用spss软件通过平均值对人肠化生-胃癌组织变绘制ROC曲线,计算AUC曲线下面积和阈值,评价新发现的肠化生-胃癌特征性基因ETS2和标志物组合对肠化生病变程度的诊断价值。
3、实验结果
3.1免疫组化实验结果
通过免疫组化(IHC)实验鉴定ETS2基因在人胃粘膜肠化生-胃癌组织中的表达趋势。
可见胃癌组较肠化生组ETS2阳性细胞的数量明显增多,肠化生组阳性细胞约占总细胞的10-30%,胃癌组阳性细胞约占总细胞的50-70%。也即,ETS2在肠化生组呈低表达,在胃癌组呈高表达。ETS2在肠化生-胃癌的细胞核中呈阳性表达,如图3所示。
3.2ROC曲线分析
组间统计学差异见图4,ETS2在肠化生组与胃癌组的表达相比(L/H)存在显著差异P=0.0006,P<0.001,H代表胃癌高表达组L代表肠化生低表达组。免疫组化半定量分析结果及其ROC曲线如图5。联合其他标志物(JUN、RPL8)进行检测,ROC曲线如图6所示。ROC曲线参数如表2所示。
表2、ETS2和标志物组合的ROC曲线参数
结果表明ETS2和标志物组合(JUN、ETS2和RPL8)是能够标记肠化生-胃癌病变的生物标志物,尤其在区别诊断肠化生类型和极早期胃癌中存在价值。
Claims (12)
1.一种判断肠化生患者是否进展为胃癌的设备,所述设备包括:存储器和处理器,所述存储器用于存储程序指令;
所述处理器用于调用程序指令,当程序指令被执行时,用于执行以下操作:获取待测样本的ETS2基因表达数据,将获取的ETS2基因表达数据与阈值相比较,得到待测样本所对应的受试者是否进展为胃癌的判断结果。
2.如权利要求1所述设备,所述设备包括以下一种或多种:一个或多个存储器单元、电子存储单元、用于与一个或多个其他系统通信的通信接口以及外围设备。
3.如权利要求1所述设备,所述设备包含一个或多个计算机处理器,所述一个或多个计算机处理器执行代码。
4.如权利要求1所述设备,所述处理所执行的操作中还包括获取JUN和RPL8的基因表达数据的操作。
5.检测ETS2表达量的试剂在制备判断肠化生是否会进展为胃癌的产品中的应用,所述检测是针对组织进行的,所述ETS2表达量是蛋白表达量。
6.如权利要求5所述应用,所述组织包括行内镜或手术所留取的肠化生组织。
7.如权利要求5所述应用,所述组织包括通过石蜡包埋方法进行保存的组织样本。
8.如权利要求5所述应用,所述检测蛋白表达量的试剂包括以下方法中使用到的试剂:蛋白质印迹、酶联免疫吸附测定、放射性免疫测定、夹心测定、免疫组织化学染色、质谱法、免疫沉淀分析法、补体结合分析法、流式细胞荧光分辨技术和蛋白质芯片技术。
9.如权利要求5所述应用,所述产品包括试剂盒、芯片、系统、装置。
10.如权利要求9所述应用,所述试剂盒还包括选自下组的一种或多种物质:容器、使用说明书、阳性对照物、阴性对照物、缓冲剂、助剂或溶剂。
11.如权利要求9所述应用,所述芯片是蛋白质芯片。
12.如权利要求9所述应用,所述产品中还包括检测RPL8和/或ETS2表达量的试剂。
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