CN116539846A - Simulation device and method for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam exploitation - Google Patents
Simulation device and method for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam exploitation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to a simulation device and a method for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam exploitation, wherein the simulation device comprises a box body, an aquifer replenishment system and a vertical pressure relief assembly; the box body is provided with an accommodating space, and a water-resisting layer, an aquifer and an overlying stratum pressurizing device positioned above the aquifer are paved in the accommodating space from bottom to top; the aquifer replenishment system has a plurality of water injection devices configured to inject water to different depth locations of the aquifer; the number of vertical pressure relief assemblies is a plurality, and the plurality of vertical pressure relief assemblies are distributed below the water barrier and are configured to support the water barrier and control pressure relief at different locations of the water barrier. The method realizes accurate simulation of the development process of the mined fracture and the change of the mining-induced seepage field in the thick aquifer.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a simulation device and a simulation method for multi-water source supply of damage of an overlying thick aquifer in coal mining.
Background
In coal mining areas, particularly in arid areas, the water-containing stratum is not only a water bursting source of a coal mine water bursting disaster, but also a natural storage space of a precious natural resource, namely an underground water resource. For example, a certain basin is positioned in arid and semiarid regions, the ecological environment is fragile, the huge chalk-based aquifer (generally 300-800 m) at the abdomen of the basin is about 70 hundred million square/year in total water resources, and as coal exploitation around the basin gradually extends towards the abdomen, the mining damage of the chalk-based water body and the induced ecological geological environment disasters are increasingly remarkable. Moreover, the groundwater seepage system of the basin-type chalk-based aquifer has obvious specificity. The regional and local water flow systems are mutually overlapped and respectively have different circulation depths, and have special vertical multi-layered difference modes and seepage modes with various huge-thickness layered structures. The structure of the northern chalk-based aquifer is relatively uniform, the seepage path is influenced by a water head, the seepage direction and the stratum shape direction are obviously orthogonal, and the water seepage path passes through different aquifers to show a water flow mode of multilayer penetrating seepage. The south chalk system is mainly characterized by a multilayer sequential seepage mode, the underground water hydraulic connection of each water-containing rock group in the chalk system is obviously weakened compared with the underground water hydraulic connection of each water-containing rock group in the chalk system, and the water-containing rock group is totally and internally permeated along the water-containing rock group regardless of the regional or local water flow system, and the depth water head difference of each water-containing rock group in the water-containing rock group is obvious, so that the chalk system has the characteristics of the multilayer sequential seepage mode.
The current fluid-solid coupling analog simulation test for coal exploitation has the following defects:
1) The existing simulation test device is focused on coal mine water inrush disasters, only takes the water-bearing stratum as an water inrush source into consideration, utilizes various water storage devices such as a water storage belt and a flexible water tank, does not consider natural supply seepage conditions of underground water of the water-bearing stratum, and particularly cannot simulate disturbance of coal mining on an internal seepage field of the water-bearing stratum in a chalk-based huge thick water-bearing stratum seepage mode environment.
2) The water-bearing layer water filling port of the existing simulation test device adopts a hose opening or directly punches holes on the side wall of the box body, whether the hose opening or the directly punching holes on the side wall of the box body are adopted, the permeability of the water filling port is greatly different from the permeability of an actual stratum, the disturbance water filling layer is caused to be locally distorted, injected water flows back to the water supply pipeline, and rock stratum simulation material particles filled in the box body enter the water supply pipeline to damage the sensor and the water pump unit.
3) The existing simulation test device is dependent on monitoring whether the development range of the water-guiding fracture zone is affected by the overlying aquifer to measure the influence of coal mining on the aquifer water body, and cannot simulate the disturbance process of the separation layer development in the aquifer on the aquifer water body.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a simulation device and a simulation method for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal mining, which are used for solving one or more of the above technical problems in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
in one aspect, a simulation device for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam mining is provided, comprising:
the box body is provided with an accommodating space, and a water-resisting layer, an aquifer and an overlying stratum pressurizing device positioned above the aquifer are paved in the accommodating space from bottom to top;
an aquifer replenishment system having a plurality of water injection devices configured to inject water to different depth locations of the aquifer;
the number of the vertical pressure relief assemblies is a plurality, and the plurality of the vertical pressure relief assemblies are distributed below the waterproof layer and are configured to support the waterproof layer and control pressure relief at different positions of the waterproof layer.
Further, a water level monitoring pipe is arranged in the water-containing layer, an osmometer is arranged on the water level monitoring pipe, and the osmometer can monitor water pressure at different positions in the water-containing layer.
Further, the water injection device comprises a water injection port assembly and a water supply hose, and a water outlet of the water injection device is connected with the water injection port assembly through the water supply hose; the water injection port assembly is buried in the water-containing layer, water permeable materials are filled in the water injection port assembly, and the water injection port assembly can have the same permeability as the water-containing layer at the embedded position through filling the water permeable materials.
Further, the water injection device also comprises a osmotic pressure sensor, a water pump rotating speed display meter, a water pump frequency converter, a water pump frequency conversion controller, a water pump unit and a water pool; the water tank supplies water to the water supply hose through the water pump unit, and the osmotic pressure sensor is arranged on the water supply hose and used for monitoring water injection pressure; the osmotic pressure sensor is electrically connected with the water pump variable frequency controller, and the water pump unit is electrically connected with the water pump variable frequency controller through the water pump variable frequency controller.
Further, the water injection port assembly comprises a main cylinder body, a front cylinder body and a rear cover body, wherein the front cylinder body is detachably arranged at the front end of the main cylinder body, and the rear cover body is detachably arranged at the rear end of the main cylinder body; the two axial ends of the front cylinder body are provided with openings; one end of the rear cover body is opened, the other end of the rear cover body is provided with a rear cover bottom plate, a first through hole is formed in the rear cover bottom plate, and the first through hole is connected with the water supply hose; the novel water permeable cover is characterized in that a first water permeable stone is arranged between the front cylinder body and the main cylinder body, a second water permeable stone is arranged between the rear cover body and the main cylinder body, and a space between the first water permeable stone and the second water permeable stone is filled with water permeable materials.
Further, the water injection port assembly further comprises a water injection port adjusting screw rod, the water injection port adjusting screw rod is a hollow pipe, an external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the hollow pipe, an internal thread is arranged on the first through hole of the rear cover bottom plate, and the water injection port adjusting screw rod is installed in the first through hole of the rear cover bottom plate in a threaded manner; one end of the water injection port adjusting screw rod is abutted against the second permeable stone, and the other end of the water injection port adjusting screw rod is positioned at the outer side of the box body and connected with the water supply hose; after the rear cover body is fixedly connected with the rear end of the main cylinder body, a moving space is reserved between the rear cover bottom plate and the rear end of the main cylinder body, and the second permeable stone can move in the moving space under the action of the water injection port adjusting screw rod.
Further, the water injection port assembly further comprises a pressurizing air bag, an air supply pipe and a water injection port control air bottle, wherein the pressurizing air bag is connected with the control air bottle through the air supply pipe; the pressurizing air bag is arranged in a space between the first permeable stone and the second permeable stone, and the permeable material is filled in the space formed by the first permeable stone, the second permeable stone and the pressurizing air bag; and a second through hole is formed in the side wall of the main cylinder body, and the air supply pipe penetrates through the second through hole.
Further, a flexible net is paved below the waterproof layer; two sides below the water-resisting layer are respectively provided with a side end supporting seat, the top surface of the side end supporting seat is a plane and is configured to support the water-resisting layer and fix two ends of the flexible net; a plurality of said vertical pressure relief assemblies are positioned between two of said side end support blocks for directly supporting said flexible web.
Further, the vertical pressure relief assembly comprises a lifting screw, a metal backing plate, a rocking handle and a base; the metal base plate is rotationally arranged at the top end of the lifting screw rod through a rotating shaft, the lower part of the lifting screw rod is arranged on the base in a lifting manner, the rocking handle is connected with the lifting screw rod through a transmission mechanism, and lifting of the lifting screw rod is realized by rotating the rocking handle; the gap between two adjacent metal backing plates is smaller than 5mm, and water permeable holes are formed in the metal backing plates.
Further, the box body is provided with a metal outer frame, the metal outer frame is provided with a metal backboard and a glass plate which are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other, the edges of the metal backboard and the glass plate are provided with two metal side plates which are arranged in parallel, and the metal backboard, the glass plate, the two metal side plates and the flexible net arranged at the bottom form an accommodating space of the box body.
Further, the metal side plate is provided with a mounting hole, and the water injection device is in sealing connection with the mounting hole.
Further, the overburden pressurization device comprises a gas cylinder and an air bag connected with the gas cylinder, wherein the air bag is positioned in a space between the upper part of the aquifer and the top fixing plate of the box body, and the air bag and the inner wall surface of the box body are arranged in a sealing mode.
Further, the device also comprises a display terminal, wherein the display terminal is electrically connected with the osmometer, the osmotic pressure sensor and the water injection device and is used for displaying various parameters in the working process of the experimental device in real time.
Further, a water collecting tank is arranged below the box body, the top of the water collecting tank is opened, and the water collecting tank is used for collecting water burst flowing out from a water outlet hole at the bottom of the test device in the test process; the water collecting tank is provided with a water outlet which is communicated with the sedimentation tank, and the water burst flows out from the water outlet of the water collecting tank to enter the sedimentation tank, and is sedimented in the sedimentation tank.
On the other hand, the simulation method for the multi-water source replenishment of the damage of the overlying thick aquifer of the coal seam exploitation is provided, and the simulation device for the multi-water source replenishment of the damage of the overlying thick aquifer of the coal seam exploitation is used, and comprises the following steps:
step one: a water-resisting layer and a water-bearing layer are sequentially paved at the bottom of the box body, two ends of the water-resisting layer are supported by side end supporting seats, and the middle part of the water-resisting layer is supported by a plurality of vertical pressure relief assemblies; installing an overburden stratum pressurizing device above an aquifer, and connecting a plurality of water injection devices according to the depth position of a water supplementing water source of an actual stratum aquifer and the corresponding depth proportion;
step two: setting the pressure applied to the aquifer by the overburden pressurizing device according to the overburden pressure of the actual stratum; starting a water injection device to inject water into the water-containing layer to enable the water-containing layer to reach saturated water content;
step three: the vertical pressure relief assembly is utilized to control the pressure relief of different positions of the water barrier, and the water injection pressure of the water injection device at the corresponding position is controlled according to the actual stratum water supplementing water source condition, and the pressure relief and collapse process of the water barrier is observed through the glass plate.
Compared with the prior art, the simulation device and the method for multi-water source replenishment of the damage of the overlying thick aquifer of the coal seam exploitation, provided by the invention, have the advantages that the aquifer replenishment system is provided with the plurality of parallel water injection devices which are independently controlled, the simulation of the plurality of water sources for replenishment of the huge thick aquifer can be realized, the constant pressure water injection with different pressures is carried out on different layers in the aquifer according to the different permeabilities and the water head heights of the stratums at different layers of the aquifer, the natural replenishment condition and the natural seepage field environment of the overlying thick aquifer of the coal seam can be reduced, the simulation of the development process of the mining-induced fracture and the change of the seepage field in the thick aquifer is realized, and the simulation result is closer to the actual exploitation condition.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present description or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the embodiments of the present description, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings for a person having ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation device for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam mining;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a simulation device for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam mining;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a water injection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an aquifer replenishment system with a first water injection port assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first water injection port assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a radial cross-sectional structure of a first water injection port assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an aquifer replenishment system with a second water fill port assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a second water injection port assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a third water injection port assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a first angular schematic view of a vertical pressure relief assembly provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a second angular schematic view of a vertical pressure relief assembly provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the fit of the load pressure and permeability coefficient of the water fill permeable material in the water fill port assembly provided by the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the fit of the compaction rate of the water permeable material filled in the water injection port assembly according to the present invention to the permeability coefficient.
Reference numerals:
1-a metal outer frame; 2-metal side plates; 3-a water supply hose; 4-a water injection device; 5-an aquifer replenishment system; 6-an aquifer; 7-a water-resistant layer; 8-a flexible web; 9-osmometer; 10-a display terminal; 11-side end supporting seats; 12-vertical pressure relief assembly; 13-lifting screw rods; 14-permeable stone; 15-a water injection port assembly; 16-a metal backplate; 17-a rubber plug; 18-a metal backing plate; 19-an osmotic pressure sensor; 20-a water pump rotating speed display meter; 21-a water pump frequency converter; 22-a water pump variable frequency controller; 23-a water pump unit; 24-a pool; 25-glass plate; 26-a base; 27-gas cylinder; 28-overburden pressurization device; 29-a water injection port controls the gas cylinder; 30-adjusting a screw rod of the water injection port; 31-a pressurized bladder; 32-a rocking handle; 33-a water level monitoring tube; 34-water permeable material; 35-a main cylinder; 36-a front cylinder; 37-a rear cover; 38-a gas supply pipe; 39-move space; 40-rotating shaft; 41-water permeable holes.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. It should be noted that embodiments and features of embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined, separated, interchanged, and/or rearranged with one another without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of elements may be exaggerated for clarity and/or descriptive purposes. While the exemplary embodiments may be variously implemented, the specific process sequences may be performed in a different order than that described. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially simultaneously or in reverse order from that described. Moreover, like reference numerals designate like parts.
When an element is referred to as being "on" or "over", "connected to" or "coupled to" another element, it can be directly on, connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. However, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" another element, there are no intervening elements present. For this reason, the term "connected" may refer to physical connections, electrical connections, and the like, with or without intermediate components.
For descriptive purposes, the present disclosure may use spatially relative terms such as "top," "bottom," "below … …," "below … …," "under … …," "above … …," "upper," "above … …," "higher," and the like, relative to components to describe one component's relationship to another (other) component as illustrated in the figures.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," and variations thereof, are used in the present specification, the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof is described, but the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof is not precluded. It is also noted that, as used herein, the terms "substantially," "about," and other similar terms are used as approximation terms and not as degree terms, and as such, are used to explain the inherent deviations of measured, calculated, and/or provided values that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1-2, a simulation device for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam mining is disclosed, and can be used for coal mining simulation under a huge thick aquifer, such as simulating an aquifer with a thickness of 300-800 m. The simulation apparatus includes a tank, an aquifer replenishment system 5 and a vertical pressure relief assembly 12; wherein, the box body is provided with an accommodating space, and a water-resisting layer 7, an aquifer 6 and an overlying stratum pressurizing device 28 positioned above the aquifer 6 are paved in the accommodating space from bottom to top; the aquifer replenishment system 5 has a plurality of parallel and independently controlled water injection devices 4, the water injection devices 4 being configured to inject water to different depth positions of the aquifer 6; the number of the vertical pressure relief assemblies 12 is plural, and the plurality of the vertical pressure relief assemblies 12 are distributed below the water-resisting layer 7 and are configured to support the water-resisting layer 7 and control the pressure relief of different positions of the water-resisting layer 7, so as to simulate the loosening and the collapse of an upper rock stratum caused by coal mining.
In this embodiment, a water level monitoring pipe 33 is disposed in the aquifer 6, an osmometer 9 is disposed on the water level monitoring pipe 33, and the osmometer 9 can monitor water pressures at different positions in the aquifer 9.
In this embodiment, the water-resistant layer 7 and the water-containing layer 6 are laid by using similar materials, and the water-resistant layer 7 and the water-containing layer 6 are slowly laid by adopting a layer-by-layer tamping method.
To avoid disturbance of the aquifer material during the water injection process, the permeability of the water injection port assembly 15 is consistent with the simulated aquifer permeability so that the results of the simulation are closer to reality. Based on this, the permeability of the water filling end of the water filling device 4 in this embodiment is adjustable. Specifically, the water injection device 4 comprises a water injection port assembly 15 and a water supply hose 3, and a water outlet of the water injection device 4 is connected with the water injection port assembly 15 through the water supply hose 3; the water injection port assembly 15 is buried in the aquifer 6, the water permeable material 34 is filled in the water injection port assembly 15, and the water permeable material 34 is filled in the water injection port assembly 15, so that the water injection port assembly 15 has the same permeability as the aquifer 6 at the buried position. The water injection device 4 can be used for controlling the water injection pressure of different layers of the aquifer 6, and the actual groundwater seepage environment of the aquifer water body can be reduced.
In order to realize accurate control of water injection pressure, the water injection device 4 further comprises a permeation pressure sensor 19, a water pump rotating speed display meter 20, a water pump frequency converter 21, a water pump frequency conversion controller 22, a water pump unit 23 and a water pool 24; wherein the water tank 24 supplies water to the water supply hose 3 through the water pump unit 23, and the osmotic pressure sensor 19 is arranged on the water supply hose 3 and is used for monitoring water injection pressure; the osmotic pressure sensor 19 is electrically connected with the water pump variable frequency controller 22, and the water pump unit 23 is electrically connected with the water pump variable frequency controller 22 through the water pump variable frequency controller 21. The water injection device 4 of this structure can realize that different stratum horizons set up different water bearing water pressure, draw water from the pond by water pump unit 23 through water supply hose 3, carry out the water injection to the water bearing, osmotic pressure sensor 19 can respond to the water pressure condition that corresponds the water injection stratum, with signal transmission feed pump variable frequency control ware 22, water pump variable frequency control ware 22 receives the signal, distinguish whether reach the water pressure value of design, then carry feed pump converter 21 with the signal, water pump converter 21 carries out the analysis to the signal of receiving, finally show the water pressure signal value through water pump rotational speed display 20. The water pump assembly can be controlled to adjust the required water pressure value.
In one embodiment, the water injection port assembly 15 includes a main cylinder 35, a front cylinder 36 and a rear cover 37, wherein the front cylinder 36 is detachably disposed at the front end of the main cylinder 35, and the rear cover 37 is detachably disposed at the rear end of the main cylinder 35; the two axial ends of the front cylinder 36 are provided with openings; one end of the rear cover body 37 is opened, the other end of the rear cover body is provided with a rear cover bottom plate, a first through hole is arranged on the rear cover bottom plate, and the first through hole is connected with the water supply hose 3; the filled water permeable material is clamped by two parallel water permeable stones 14, specifically, a first water permeable stone is arranged between the front cylinder 36 and the main cylinder 35, a second water permeable stone is arranged between the rear cover 37 and the main cylinder 35, and the space between the first water permeable stone and the second water permeable stone is filled with the water permeable material 34. The water injection port assembly 15 is arranged to be detachably assembled into three parts, and the water permeability of the water injection port assembly 15 is kept consistent or approximate with the actual stratum water permeability by selecting water permeable stones and water permeable materials with different water permeability. Alternatively, the water permeable material 34 is made of quartz sand particles having a particle size of 0.2-0.8mm, preferably 0.5mm.
In this embodiment, the water permeable material 34 filled in the water injection assembly has a cylindrical structure, and the axial pressure and the radial pressure of the water permeable material 34 all affect the permeability of the water injection port assembly 15, so in this embodiment, the water injection port assembly 15 includes the following three structures:
the water injection port assembly 15 of the first structure, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, further comprises a pressurizing air bag 31, an air supply pipe 38 and a water injection port control air bottle 29, wherein the pressurizing air bag 31 is connected with the control air bottle 29 through the air supply pipe 38; the pressurizing air bag 31 is arranged in a space between the first permeable stone and the second permeable stone, and the permeable material 34 is filled in the space formed by the first permeable stone, the second permeable stone and the pressurizing air bag 31; a second through hole is provided in a sidewall of the main cylinder 35, and the air supply pipe 38 passes through the second through hole. The permeable material 34 filled in the water injection port assembly 15 is pressurized by adjusting the gas pressure of the pressurizing air bag 31, thereby changing the permeability coefficient of the water injection port assembly 15.
The water injection port assembly 15 with the second structure, as shown in fig. 7 to 8, further comprises a water injection port adjusting screw 30, wherein the water injection port adjusting screw 30 is a hollow pipe, an external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the hollow pipe, an internal thread is arranged on the first through hole of the rear cover bottom plate, and the water injection port adjusting screw 30 is installed in the first through hole of the rear cover bottom plate in a threaded manner; one end of the water injection port adjusting screw 30 is abutted against the second permeable stone, and the other end of the water injection port adjusting screw is positioned at the outer side of the box body and is connected with the water supply hose 3; after the rear cover 37 is fixedly connected with the rear end of the main cylinder 35, a moving space 39 is provided between the rear cover bottom plate and the rear end of the main cylinder 35, and the second permeable stone can move in the moving space 39 under the action of the water injection port adjusting screw 30. By rotating the water injection port adjusting screw 30 outside the water injection port assembly 15, the permeable stone 14 inside the water injection port assembly 15 is made to squeeze the permeable material 34 filled inside, thereby changing the compaction rate of the filling material to adjust the permeability coefficient of the water injection port assembly 15.
As shown in fig. 9, the water injection port assembly 15 of the third structure belongs to the combination of the water injection port assembly 15 of the first structure and the water injection port assembly 15 of the second structure, that is, the water injection port assembly 15 of the third structure can not only adjust the radial extrusion pressure of the filled permeable material 34 through the pressurizing air bag 31, but also can enable the permeable stone 14 to extrude the filled permeable material 34 through screwing the water injection port adjusting screw 30, thereby realizing the axial extrusion pressure adjustment of the permeable material 34.
In order to realize smooth collapse of the water-resisting layer after pressure relief, a flexible net 8 is paved below the water-resisting layer 7; two sides below the water-resisting layer 7 are respectively provided with a side end supporting seat 11, the side end supporting seats 11 are made of stainless steel metal materials, the top surface of each side end supporting seat 11 is a plane and is configured to support the water-resisting layer 7 and fix two ends of the flexible net 8; a plurality of said vertical pressure relief assemblies 12 are located between two of said lateral end support seats 11, directly supporting said flexible web 8.
Further, as shown in fig. 10-11, the vertical pressure relief assembly 12 includes a lifting screw 13, a metal backing plate 18, a rocker handle 32, and a base 26; the metal backing plate 18 is movably articulated with the lifting screw 13, so that stratum settlement at different positions can be simulated. Specifically, the metal pad 18 is rotatably disposed at the top end of the lifting screw 13 through a rotating shaft 40, the lower part of the lifting screw 13 is disposed on the base 26 in a liftable manner, the rocking handle 32 is connected with the lifting screw 13 through a transmission mechanism, and lifting of the lifting screw 13 is achieved by rotating the rocking handle 32; the gap between two adjacent metal backing plates 18 is smaller than 5mm, and water permeable holes 41 are formed in the metal backing plates 18. In the simulation process, when the upper water-resisting layer is required to be subsided after the coal seam exploitation is required to be simulated, only the rocking handle 32 at the simulation position is required to be rotated to enable the corresponding lifting screw 13 to descend.
In this embodiment, the box body has a metal outer frame 1, the metal outer frame 1 is provided with a metal backboard 16 and a glass plate 25 which are arranged in parallel and opposite, edges of the metal backboard 16 and the glass plate 25 are provided with two metal side plates 2 which are arranged in parallel, and the metal backboard 16, the glass plate 25, the two metal side plates 2 and a flexible net 8 arranged at the bottom form an accommodating space of the box body.
In this embodiment, the metal side plate 2 is provided with a mounting hole, and the water injection device 4 is in sealing connection with the mounting hole.
Illustratively, the water supply hose 3 is passed through the mounting hole by a rubber stopper 17. Further, in the technical scheme that the water injection port assembly 15 is provided with the water injection port adjusting screw 30, the water injection port adjusting screw 30 is hermetically arranged in the mounting hole through a rubber plug; in the solution where the water filling port assembly 15 is provided with the pressurizing air bag 31, both the air supply pipe 38 and the water supply hose 3 pass through the mounting hole by rubber plugs.
In this embodiment, the overburden pressurization device 28 includes a gas cylinder 27 and an air bag connected to the gas cylinder 27, where the air bag is located in a space between the top of the aquifer 6 and the top fixing plate of the box, and the air bag is sealed with the inner wall surface of the box. The fixed plate is detachably arranged at the top of the box body, and the fixed plate is arranged to realize that when the air bag is inflated by the air bottle 27, the air bag is inflated to apply downward pressure to the lower water-bearing layer 6. The specific charge is set according to the formation pressure at the depth at which the simulated aquifer is actually located.
In this embodiment, the simulation device for multi-water source supply of the damage of the thick aquifer on the coal seam exploitation is characterized by further comprising a display terminal 10, wherein the display terminal 10 is electrically connected with the osmometer 9, the osmotic pressure sensor 19 and the water injection device 4, and is used for displaying various parameters in the working process of the experimental device in real time.
In the embodiment, a water collecting tank is arranged below the box body, the top of the water collecting tank is opened, and the water collecting tank is used for collecting water burst flowing out from a water outlet hole at the bottom of the test device in the test process; the water collecting tank is provided with a water outlet which is communicated with the sedimentation tank, and the water burst flows out from the water outlet of the water collecting tank to enter the sedimentation tank, is precipitated in the sedimentation tank, and firstly precipitates sediment with larger particles and then enters the flowmeter, so that the influence of the particles in water on the flowmeter is reduced.
The embodiment also discloses a simulation method for the multi-water source replenishment of the damage of the overlying thick aquifer of the coal seam exploitation, which uses the simulation device for the multi-water source replenishment of the damage of the overlying thick aquifer of the coal seam exploitation, and comprises the following steps:
step one: a water-resisting layer 7 and an aqueous layer 6 are sequentially paved at the bottom of the box body, two ends of the water-resisting layer 7 are supported by side end supporting seats 11, and the middle part of the water-resisting layer 7 is supported by a plurality of vertical pressure relief assemblies 12; a stratum pressurizing device 28 is arranged above the aquifer 6, and a plurality of water injection devices 4 are connected according to the depth position of the water supplementing source of the aquifer of the actual stratum and the corresponding depth proportion;
step two: setting the pressure applied by the overburden pressurizing means 28 to the aquifer 6 based on the overburden pressure of the actual formation; starting a water injection device 4 to inject water into the aquifer 6 so that the aquifer 6 reaches the saturated water content;
step three: after the state is stable, the vertical pressure relief assembly 12 is utilized to control the pressure relief at different positions of the water barrier 7, and the water injection pressure of the water injection device 4 at the corresponding position is controlled according to the actual stratum water supplementing water source condition, and the water barrier pressure relief collapse process is observed through the glass plate 25.
In the first step, the water-resisting layer 7 and the water-bearing layer 6 are paved by using similar materials, the water-resisting layer 7 and the water-bearing layer 6 paved by using the similar materials are the same as or similar to the water-resisting layer and the water-bearing layer of the actual stratum in petrology, and the similar materials and the proportioning parameters thereof can be realized by using the prior art. Exemplary, similar materials of the water-resistant layer adopt bentonite, paraffin, vaseline, calcium carbonate and gypsum with uniform grading of 0-1 mm particle size; the similar material of the aquifer adopts 0-3 mm river sand, diatomite particles, PC425 white cement, calcium carbonate and gypsum to form a skeleton particle to simulate the aquifer.
Firstly, before actually paving the water-resisting layer 7 and the water-bearing layer 6, firstly building a box body, checking the tightness of the box body, fixing a side end supporting seat 11 and a vertical pressure relief assembly 12, wherein the top surface of the side end supporting seat 11 and the top surface of the vertical pressure relief assembly 12 are positioned on the same plane, firstly paving a flexible net 8 on the top surfaces of the side end supporting seat 11 and the vertical pressure relief assembly 12, then slowly paving the water-resisting layer 7 and the water-bearing layer 6 by adopting a layer-by-layer tamping method, for example, the thickness of the water-resisting layer of an actual stratum to be simulated is 60m, the thickness of the water-bearing layer of the actual stratum to be simulated is 540m, the size of an accommodating space in the box body is 500mm x 2000mm, taking the thickness of the water-resisting layer material as an example with the thickness of the similar stratum to the actual stratum ratio of 300:1, the thickness of the water-resisting layer material is 200mm, the thickness of the water-bearing layer material is 1800mm, and the two ends of the paving material are sealed and water-blocking for 100mm, and paving mica sheet particles with the particle size of 2-5 mm between the water-resisting layer and the water-resisting layer to be paved to simulate a weak surface between the stratum;
burying the pressure sensor to a position to be monitored according to an experimental design scheme determined by actual stratum conditions while laying similar materials of each stratum; meanwhile, according to water level observation data of actual aquifers at different depths, the burial depth and water injection pressure of the water injection port assembly 15 are determined, the water injection port assembly 15 and the water supply hose are buried, and optionally, the water injection port assembly 15 is buried in the material at a position 500mm away from the edges of two ends of the device. And the splice part of the box body, the water-resisting layer, the water-bearing layer and the inner wall of the box body are smeared with waterproof gel for sealing.
And determining the overlying ground stress to be loaded according to the actual stratum condition to be simulated. Specifically, after the water-proof layer 7, the aquifer 6, the water level monitoring pipe 33, the osmometer 9, the water injection port assembly 15 and other components are laid, the overburden pressurizing device 28 is mounted on the top of the aquifer, the overburden pressurizing device 28 can apply pressure vertically downwards to simulate the pressure of the overburden of the aquifer, the overburden pressurizing device 28 is pressurized in an air bag mode, the overburden pressurizing device 28 is fixed by a box top fixing plate, and the overburden pressurizing device 28 is closely attached to the top surface of the aquifer 6 laid below.
In the second step, the original ground stress loading is performed according to the loading force values in the lateral direction and the vertical direction of the aquifer 6 determined by the experimental design scheme. Specifically, the overburden pressurization device 28 is configured to apply a corresponding amount of pressure to the aquifer 6 based on the overburden pressure of the actual formation; meanwhile, according to the set replenishing pressure at different positions, the aquifer replenishing systems 5 at two sides are started to saturate the aquifer 6.
In the third step, aiming at the determined coal seam excavation position, controlling the pressure relief of the water-resisting layer 7 at the coal seam excavation position by utilizing the vertical pressure relief assembly 12 to simulate the stress release and the rock stratum bending sinking influence of the coal seam excavation on the roof, so as to simulate the stress change and the deformation of the roof rock stratum; in the simulation process, water filling devices of the two-side aquifer replenishing systems 5 are utilized to replenish water for the aquifer 6, a plurality of water filling devices 4 can realize differential water replenishing of water replenishing sources at different depth positions, thereby realizing multi-source replenishing of the simulated actual aquifer, monitoring of the movement dynamics of the rock stratum can be realized, the osmotic pressure is monitored by using an osmometer arranged in the aquifer, and the influence of coal seam mining on the aquifer of the top plate is analyzed.
In addition, in the third step, the permeability of the water injection port assembly 15 can be accurately adjusted by filling the permeable material 34 with different particle size parameters and controlling the axial pressure or/and the radial pressure of the filled permeable material, so that the permeability is the same as or similar to the permeability of the actual stratum aquifer, and the simulation result is more accurate.
If the water injection port assembly 15 with the first structure is adopted, the permeability coefficient of the water injection port assembly 15 can be obtained in a laboratory under different radial pressure loads of quartz sand particles with different particle sizes. Illustratively, as shown in FIG. 12, the water permeable material 34 was a quartz sand with a particle size of 0.5mm, which was tested in a laboratory to obtain a fit equation for different pressure loads and permeability coefficients:
K＝-7×10 -5 p 2 -0.0122p+13.836
wherein K is the permeability coefficient (10 -3 cm/s), P is the load air pressure (kPa); if the pressure load of the gas injected from the gas cylinder 29 is controlled to be 0-400 kpa by the water injection port, the permeability coefficient of the water injection port assembly 15 can be adjusted to be 0.79×10 -3 ～13.39×10 -3 cm/s。
If the water injection port assembly 15 with the second structure is adopted, the permeability coefficient of the water injection port assembly 15 under different axial pressure loads of quartz sand particles with different particle sizes can be obtained in a laboratory. Illustratively, as shown in fig. 13, the permeable material 34 employs quartz sand having a particle diameter of 0.5mm, and a permeability variation test of quartz sand particles under varying compaction rate is performed in a laboratory, and a fitting formula of the obtained compaction rate and permeability coefficient is:
K＝3×10 13 ·e -32.61·T
the compaction rate T has a calculation formula of
The above formulas are combined to obtain the permeability coefficient:
wherein K is the permeability coefficient, 10 -3 cm/s); t is compaction rate,%); ρ max Maximum dry density, 1.73g/cm, was measured for the laboratory 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the ρ is the actual density, g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the m is the mass of the permeable material, g; v min V and Deltav are the minimum volume, the actual volume and the reduced volume of the material respectively, and are all in cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the d and delta d are the original radial length and the feeding length of the screw for adjusting the water injection port, cm; r is the inner radius of filling in the water injection port assembly, cm; the adjustable permeability coefficient of the water injection port assembly of the second structure ranges from 1.61 x 10 -3 ～40.68×10 -3 cm/s。
Similarly, a fitting formula can be obtained in a laboratory through the permeability test of the axial pressure and the radial pressure of the permeable material, so that the adjustable permeability coefficient range of the water injection port assembly with the third structure is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the simulation device and the simulation method for the damage multi-water source supply of the thick aquifer of the coal seam exploitation provided by the embodiment have at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the stratum settlement above the coal mining is utilized to simulate the coal mining working condition, the coal mining working condition is not required to be paved on the coal seam, and the similar simulation of the water damage under the coupling effect of the overlying strata movement and the underground water seepage field in the coal mining aquifer under the thick aquifer can be realized only by paving the water barrier and the aquifer above the coal seam, so that the test process is simplified, and the test efficiency is improved.
2. The aquifer replenishing system is provided with a plurality of water injection devices which are parallel and independently controlled, can simulate a plurality of replenishing water sources of the huge thick aquifer, and adopts the water injection port assembly with adjustable permeability to perform constant pressure water injection with different pressures on different layers in the aquifer according to different permeability and water head heights of strata on different layers of the aquifer, so that the natural replenishing condition and the natural seepage field environment of the thick aquifer covered on the coal seam can be reduced, and the simulation of the development process of the mining-induced fissures and the change of the seepage field in the thick aquifer is realized.
3. The method can be widely applied to fluid-solid coupling experiments of coal seam mining, realizes the function of simulating disturbance mechanisms of aquifer water under the coupling action of the cover rock movement in the coal seam mining aquifer under the thick aquifer and the underground water seepage field, and has important significance for preventing and controlling the disaster of the damaged environment of the coal seam mining water under the thick aquifer.
The foregoing embodiments have been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the present application, and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a simulation device of thick aquifer damage multisource supply is covered in coal seam exploitation which characterized in that includes:
the box body is provided with an accommodating space, and a water-resisting layer, an aquifer and an overlying stratum pressurizing device positioned above the aquifer are paved in the accommodating space from bottom to top;
an aquifer replenishment system having a plurality of water injection devices configured to inject water to different depth locations of the aquifer;
the number of the vertical pressure relief assemblies is a plurality, and the plurality of the vertical pressure relief assemblies are distributed below the waterproof layer and are configured to support the waterproof layer and control pressure relief at different positions of the waterproof layer.
2. A simulation device for multi-water source replenishment of thick overburden damage in coal mining according to claim 1, wherein a water level monitoring pipe is arranged in the overburden, an osmometer is arranged on the water level monitoring pipe, and the osmometer can monitor water pressure at different positions in the overburden.
3. A simulation device for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam mining according to claim 1, wherein the water injection device comprises a water injection port assembly and a water supply hose, and a water outlet of the water injection device is connected with the water injection port assembly through the water supply hose;
the water injection port assembly is buried in the water-containing layer, water permeable materials are filled in the water injection port assembly, and the water injection port assembly can have the same permeability as the water-containing layer at the embedded position through filling the water permeable materials.
4. A simulation device for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam mining according to claim 3, wherein the water injection device further comprises a osmotic pressure sensor, a water pump rotation speed display meter, a water pump frequency converter, a water pump frequency conversion controller, a water pump unit and a water pool;
the water tank supplies water to the water supply hose through the water pump unit, and the osmotic pressure sensor is arranged on the water supply hose and used for monitoring water injection pressure;
the osmotic pressure sensor is electrically connected with the water pump variable frequency controller, and the water pump unit is electrically connected with the water pump variable frequency controller through the water pump variable frequency controller.
5. A simulation device for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam mining according to claim 3, wherein the water injection port assembly comprises a main cylinder, a front cylinder and a rear cover, the front cylinder is detachably arranged at the front end of the main cylinder, and the rear cover is detachably arranged at the rear end of the main cylinder;
the two axial ends of the front cylinder body are provided with openings; one end of the rear cover body is opened, the other end of the rear cover body is provided with a rear cover bottom plate, a first through hole is formed in the rear cover bottom plate, and the first through hole is connected with the water supply hose;
the novel water permeable cover is characterized in that a first water permeable stone is arranged between the front cylinder body and the main cylinder body, a second water permeable stone is arranged between the rear cover body and the main cylinder body, and a space between the first water permeable stone and the second water permeable stone is filled with water permeable materials.
6. A simulation device for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam mining according to claim 5, wherein the water injection port assembly further comprises a water injection port adjusting screw rod, the water injection port adjusting screw rod is a hollow pipe, an outer wall of the hollow pipe is provided with an external thread, a first through hole of the rear cover bottom plate is provided with an internal thread, and the water injection port adjusting screw rod is installed in the first through hole of the rear cover bottom plate in a threaded manner;
one end of the water injection port adjusting screw rod is abutted against the second permeable stone, and the other end of the water injection port adjusting screw rod is positioned at the outer side of the box body and connected with the water supply hose;
after the rear cover body is fixedly connected with the rear end of the main cylinder body, a moving space is reserved between the rear cover bottom plate and the rear end of the main cylinder body, and the second permeable stone can move in the moving space under the action of the water injection port adjusting screw rod.
7. A simulation device for multi-water source replenishment of thick aquifer damage in coal seam mining according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the water injection port assembly further comprises a pressurized air bag, an air supply pipe and a water injection port control air bottle, the pressurized air bag being connected with the control air bottle through the air supply pipe; the pressurizing air bag is arranged in a space between the first permeable stone and the second permeable stone, and the permeable material is filled in the space formed by the first permeable stone, the second permeable stone and the pressurizing air bag;
and a second through hole is formed in the side wall of the main cylinder body, and the air supply pipe penetrates through the second through hole.
8. The simulation device for multi-water source replenishment of thick overburden damage in coal mining according to claim 1, wherein a flexible net is further laid under the water-resistant layer;
two sides below the water-resisting layer are respectively provided with a side end supporting seat, the top surface of the side end supporting seat is a plane and is configured to support the water-resisting layer and fix two ends of the flexible net;
a plurality of said vertical pressure relief assemblies are positioned between two of said side end support blocks for directly supporting said flexible web.
9. A simulation device for multi-water supply of thick aquifer damage in coal seam mining according to claim 8, wherein the vertical pressure relief assembly comprises a lifting screw, a metal pad, a rocker and a base;
the metal base plate is rotationally arranged at the top end of the lifting screw rod through a rotating shaft, the lower part of the lifting screw rod is arranged on the base in a lifting manner, the rocking handle is connected with the lifting screw rod through a transmission mechanism, and lifting of the lifting screw rod is realized by rotating the rocking handle;
the gap between two adjacent metal backing plates is smaller than 5mm, and water permeable holes are formed in the metal backing plates.
10. A method for simulating multi-water source replenishment of thick overburden damage in coal seam mining, characterized in that the device for simulating multi-water source replenishment of thick overburden damage in coal seam mining according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps:
step one: a water-resisting layer and a water-bearing layer are sequentially paved at the bottom of the box body, two ends of the water-resisting layer are supported by side end supporting seats, and the middle part of the water-resisting layer is supported by a plurality of vertical pressure relief assemblies; installing an overburden stratum pressurizing device above an aquifer, and connecting a plurality of water injection devices according to the depth position of a water supplementing water source of an actual stratum aquifer and the corresponding depth proportion;
step two: setting the pressure applied to the aquifer by the overburden pressurizing device according to the overburden pressure of the actual stratum; starting a water injection device to inject water into the water-containing layer to enable the water-containing layer to reach saturated water content;
step three: the vertical pressure relief assembly is utilized to control the pressure relief of different positions of the water barrier, and the water injection pressure of the water injection device at the corresponding position is controlled according to the actual stratum water supplementing water source condition, and the pressure relief and collapse process of the water barrier is observed through the glass plate.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117538216A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-02-09 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Detection device and detection method for rare gas sample in formation water |
| CN117780325A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-03-29 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | Underground water migration similar simulation system and method under in-situ leaching exploitation condition |
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2023
- 2023-05-26 CN CN202310607092.9A patent/CN116539846A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117538216A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-02-09 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Detection device and detection method for rare gas sample in formation water |
| CN117780325A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-03-29 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | Underground water migration similar simulation system and method under in-situ leaching exploitation condition |
| CN117780325B (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-05-10 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | Underground water migration similar simulation system and method under in-situ leaching exploitation condition |
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