CN116538692A - Photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater integrated system for rural building - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater integrated system for rural building Download PDFInfo
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- CN116538692A CN116538692A CN202310771329.7A CN202310771329A CN116538692A CN 116538692 A CN116538692 A CN 116538692A CN 202310771329 A CN202310771329 A CN 202310771329A CN 116538692 A CN116538692 A CN 116538692A
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- power generation
- photovoltaic power
- solar
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/61—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for fixing to the ground or to building structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
Abstract
The invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater integrated system for a rural building, which comprises a plurality of groups of integrated structural units and a water distribution system which are arranged at intervals, wherein each integrated structural unit comprises a photovoltaic power generation device, a solar water heater device and a cooling device, the photovoltaic power generation device is used for converting solar energy into electric energy to supply power for residents, the solar water heater device is used for converting solar energy into heat energy to supply hot water for residents, the cooling device is used for cooling the photovoltaic power generation device, and the water distribution system is connected with an external water source to supply water for the integrated system. The solar water heater device and the cooling device are arranged below the installation height of the photovoltaic power generation device, the water temperature and water level automatic adjusting warning device is arranged in the cooling device, the temperature and the water level of water in the cooling device can be automatically detected, the requirements of people on solar power supply and solar heating are met, space resources are effectively utilized, and the solar water heater device is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy conservation and environmental protection, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater integrated system for a rural building.
Background
Nowadays, most building roofs, especially rural building roofs, are flat roof structures, the structures are very convenient for installing photovoltaic power generation devices, people often install the photovoltaic power generation devices on the building roofs to realize environment-friendly use of solar renewable resources, the highest installation height of the photovoltaic power generation devices on the building roofs is generally 1.2-3 m, however, the area below the lowest installation point of the photovoltaic power generation devices is an unused area, and space resource waste is caused. At present, most rural buildings are provided with solar water heater devices at the top, and solar energy is utilized to heat water so as to meet living needs of people, reduce consumption and dependence of people on traditional energy sources, and the solar water heater provides a reliable, economic and environment-friendly hot water supply scheme for people. When the sunlight intensity is insufficient at night or in cloudy days, and the hot water stored in the solar water heating system is insufficient at night, the solar water heating system cannot heat through solar energy at the moment, and residents can only obtain the hot water by adopting other methods.
The photovoltaic power generation device needs to generate a large amount of heat during operation, in order to ensure that equipment is not affected by heat, a water cooling device is generally adopted for heat dissipation, however, water used for cooling is changed into water after the heat of the photovoltaic power generation device is absorbed, the heat of the hot water is often naturally dissipated and cannot be recycled, moreover, the water cooling device used by some photovoltaic power generation devices at present can only monitor the temperature and the water level of the water through manual inspection, and can be timely adjusted when abnormality is found, the problems of untimely manual intervention, high error rate and the like exist in the mode, stability and reliability are lacked, and equipment damage or safety accidents are easily caused.
In summary, how to construct a photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater integrated system with high space utilization and maximized solar energy resource utilization, and to realize automatic water temperature and water level adjustment and warning for the water cooling device of the photovoltaic power generation device is needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater integrated system for a rural building, and when the integrated system is used, the solar water heater system and a cooling system are arranged at the position below the installation height of a photovoltaic power generation device, so that the space resource is effectively utilized, the functionality of the device can be increased, and the integrated system is environment-friendly and attractive.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes the following technical scheme:
an integrated system of photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater for rural buildings comprises a plurality of groups of integrated structural units and a water distribution system which are arranged at intervals;
each integrated structure unit comprises a photovoltaic power generation device, a solar water heater device and a water cooling device;
the photovoltaic power generation device is paved on the top of a building in a suspended manner through a fixing frame, a photovoltaic module panel of the photovoltaic power generation device is erected on the fixing frame in a suspended manner in an inclined manner, and the second side of the photovoltaic module is lower than the opposite side of the photovoltaic module;
a first edge of a heat collecting plate of the solar water heater device is attached to the top of the building, the opposite edge of the first edge is connected to the edge of the second edge, and the heat collecting plate and the photovoltaic module panel are not shielded;
the water storage tank of the solar water heater device is arranged on the top of the building at the position below the photovoltaic module, an electric heating rod is arranged in the water storage tank, and the electric heating rod is electrically connected with the storage battery of the photovoltaic power generation device;
the water cooling device is arranged between the photovoltaic power generation device and the water storage tank, an automatic water temperature and water level adjusting warning device is arranged in the water cooling device, a drain hole is formed in the bottom of the water cooling device, and the drain hole is communicated with the water storage tank;
the water temperature and water level automatic adjustment warning device comprises a spring, a blocking block, a traction rope, a fixed pulley, a floating ball, an indicating ball and a fixed rope;
the spring, the blocking block and the fixed pulley are all positioned at the bottom of the water cooling device; one end of the spring is fixed, and the other end of the spring is connected with the blocking block; the blocking block, the floating ball and the indicating ball are connected in series through the traction rope in sequence;
the upper part of the water temperature and water level automatic regulation warning device is provided with a through hole, one end of the haulage rope, which is positioned on the indicating ball, passes through the through hole so that the indicating ball is hung outside the water cooling device, and the floating ball is positioned inside the water cooling device and floats in water; the traction rope positioned between the blocking block and the floating ball passes through the fixed pulley;
the fixing rope is a thermoplastic elastic rope which is in a plastic state in a first temperature range, one end of the fixing rope is fixed at the bottom of the water cooling device, and the other end of the fixing rope is connected to two sides below the floating ball;
the blocking block is positioned near the water drain hole and has a degree of freedom which moves along with the action direction of the resultant force of the traction rope and the spring so as to enable the blocking block to expose or block the water drain hole, the blocking block completely blocks the water drain hole when the temperature of water is smaller than a first temperature range, and the blocking block moves and gradually exposes the water drain hole so as to enable the water to be discharged from the water cooling device into the water storage tank after the temperature of the water reaches/exceeds the first temperature range.
The water distribution system supplies water for the integrated system.
Further, the integrated system also comprises a purification system, wherein the purification system comprises a water collecting tank and a plurality of plant treatment areas;
each plant treatment area is positioned on the top of the building in the area between two adjacent integrated structural units, and each plant treatment area is sequentially provided with a plant planting layer, a filtering layer and a water distribution layer from top to bottom;
the water collecting tank is a rectangular groove arranged below each first edge and at the edge of each plant treatment area, and the water collecting tank is arranged at each plant treatment area and is lower than the adjacent edge of the plant treatment area.
Furthermore, a water storage module is arranged at the bottom of the integrated system and is connected with the water distribution system.
Further, the water cooling device comprises a circulating water tank and a cooling pipe;
the circulating water tank is positioned between the photovoltaic power generation device and the water storage tank, the bottom of the circulating water tank is provided with a second water outlet, and the top of the circulating water tank is provided with a second water inlet;
the cooling pipe is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic power generation device in a mode of increasing the height from the tail end to the head end of the cooling pipe, the head end of the cooling pipe is provided with a first water outlet, and the tail end of the cooling pipe is provided with a first water inlet; the first water inlet is communicated with the second water outlet, and the second water inlet is communicated with the first water outlet.
Further, the water distribution system comprises a main pipe, a cleaning pipe and a spray pipe;
the main pipe is positioned between each two adjacent integrated structural units, is communicated with a water source and is respectively communicated with the cleaning pipe and the spraying pipe;
the cleaning pipes are communicated and arranged along the edges of the second edges and the opposite edges, and holes are densely distributed on the surfaces of the cleaning pipes;
the spray pipe is arranged between every two adjacent integrated structural units, and holes are densely distributed on the surface of the spray pipe.
Further, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module panel is alpha;
when the latitude is 0-25 degrees, alpha is equal to the latitude;
when the latitude is 26-40 degrees, alpha is equal to the latitude plus 5-10 degrees;
when the latitude is 41-55 degrees, alpha is equal to the latitude plus 10-15 degrees;
when the latitude is above 55 degrees, alpha is equal to the latitude plus 15-20 degrees.
Furthermore, the heat collecting plate is obliquely arranged on the first side lower than the opposite side of the first side, the inclination angle is beta, and the beta is 30-45 degrees.
Further, the floating ball comprises a first-stage floating ball, a second-stage floating ball, a third-stage floating ball and a fourth-stage floating ball which are sequentially connected in series from bottom to top by the traction rope.
Further, the cooling pipe is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic power generation device in an S shape.
Further, a second overflow pipe is arranged at the top of the water storage tank.
The beneficial effects are that:
the integrated system of the photovoltaic power generation and the solar water heater for the rural building disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the solar water heater system and the water cooling system are arranged below the installation height of the photovoltaic component, so that space resources are effectively utilized, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the functionality of the device can be increased. A cooling system is arranged below the photovoltaic power generation device, an automatic water temperature and water level adjusting warning device is arranged in the cooling device of the photovoltaic power generation device, when the temperature or the water level of the water cooling device exceeds a set value, warning signals are timely sent out, safety problems such as overheating and overflow are avoided, the temperature of a photovoltaic module during operation is effectively reduced, and the power generation efficiency is improved and stabilized; the solar water heater system is assisted by the photovoltaic power generation system, so that the photovoltaic power generation system can generate power in a grid-connected mode in daytime, and the water in the water storage tank of the solar water heater can be assisted to heat under the condition of insufficient water temperature at night or in cloudy days, and the utilization benefits of the two systems are maximized.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts, as well as additional concepts described in more detail below, may be considered a part of the inventive subject matter of the present disclosure as long as such concepts are not mutually inconsistent.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments, and features of the present teachings will be more fully understood from the following description, taken together with the accompanying drawings. Other additional aspects of the invention, such as features and/or advantages of the exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the embodiments according to the teachings of the invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale with respect to true references. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in each figure may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of each aspect of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a perspective view of an integrated photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an automatic water temperature and water level adjusting warning device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a cooling tube arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the construction of a plant treatment area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:
the device comprises a 1-photovoltaic module, a 1.1-second side, a 2-heat collecting plate, a 2.1-first side, a 3-water storage tank, a 3.1-second overflow pipe, a 4-circulating water tank, a 4.1-second water outlet, a 4.2-second water inlet, a 5-communicating pipe, a 6-fixing frame, an 8-cooling pipe, an 8.1-first water inlet, an 8.2-first water outlet, a 9-main pipe, a 10-cleaning pipe, an 11-spraying pipe, a 12-water collecting tank, a 13-plant treatment area, a 13.1-plant planting layer, a 13.2-filter layer, a 13.3-water distribution layer, a 14-water storage module, a 15-spring, a 16-blocking piece, a 17-hauling rope, an 18-indicating ball, a 19-fixed pulley, a 20-first-level floating ball, a 21-second floating ball, a 22-third floating ball, a 23-fourth-level floating ball, a 24-fixed rope, a 25-draining hole and a 26-first overflow pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts, based on the described embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims, are not used for any order, quantity, or importance, but are used for distinguishing between different elements. Also, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, singular forms "a," "an," or "the" and similar terms do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or the like are intended to cover a feature, integer, step, operation, element, and/or component recited as being present in the element or article that "comprises" or "comprising" does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. "up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are used only to indicate a relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationship may be changed accordingly.
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic representations which merely illustrate the basic structure of the invention and therefore show only the structures which are relevant to the invention.
Most building roofs, especially rural building roofs, are flat roof structures which are very convenient for installation of photovoltaic power generation devices and solar water heater devices.
Referring to fig. 1, the integrated system for photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater disclosed by the embodiment of the invention comprises a plurality of groups of integrated structural units and a water distribution system which are arranged at intervals, wherein each integrated structural unit comprises a photovoltaic power generation device, a solar water heater device and a water cooling device.
The photovoltaic power generation device is suspended and laid on the top of a building through a fixing frame 6, a panel of a photovoltaic module 1 of the photovoltaic power generation device is suspended and obliquely erected on the fixing frame 6, a second side 1.1 of the photovoltaic module 1 is lower than the opposite side of the panel, the photovoltaic module 1 of the photovoltaic power generation device is a solar module formed by connecting a plurality of solar cells and is used for absorbing solar energy to generate power, other parts of the photovoltaic power generation device comprise a controller, an energy storage battery (set), a direct current/alternating current inverter and other devices and are used for controlling and protecting the photovoltaic power generation device to work normally, electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation device is stored in the energy storage battery for household use, and redundant electric energy is integrated into a national power grid.
The first edge 2.1 of the heat collecting plate 2 of the solar water heater device is attached to the top of a building, the opposite edge of the first edge 2.1 is connected to the edge of the second edge 1.1, the heat collecting plate 2 and the panel of the photovoltaic module 1 are not shielded, the heat collecting plate 2 is inclined between the photovoltaic module 1 and the top surface of the building, the space is fully utilized, the appearance of the integrated system is unified and attractive, the water storage tank 3 of the solar water heater device is arranged on the top of the building below the photovoltaic module 1, and an electric heating rod is arranged in the water storage tank 3 and is electrically connected with a storage battery of the photovoltaic power generation device; the space below the photovoltaic power generation device is fully utilized, the solar water heater device converts solar energy absorbed by the heat collecting plate 2 into heat energy of water in the water storage tank 3, the water is heated to high temperature from low temperature, the electric heating rod is arranged in the water storage tank 3, the photovoltaic power generation device directly supplies power to the water, when the sunlight intensity is insufficient at night or in cloudy days, the electric energy stored in the energy storage battery in the photovoltaic power generation device can heat the electric heating rod, and the water in the water storage tank 3 is heated, so that hot water in life and production of people is met, the mutual use of electric energy is realized by the photovoltaic power generation device and the solar water heater device, and the energy utilization efficiency, environmental protection and energy conservation are improved, and economy is saved.
The water cooling device is arranged between the photovoltaic power generation device and the water storage tank 3, the water cooling device is used for cooling the photovoltaic power generation device so as to ensure the normal operation of the photovoltaic power generation device and improve the working efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation device, in practical application, the photovoltaic module 1 generates heat in the process of converting solar energy into electric energy, the ventilation condition of the back plate of the photovoltaic module 1 is poor, so that the temperature of the back plate of the photovoltaic module 1 can be higher than the surface temperature of the back plate and sometimes even reach 63 ℃ or more, when the temperature is increased, the output power of the photovoltaic module 1 can be reduced, namely the generated energy of the photovoltaic module 1 is reduced, in theory, the generated energy of the photovoltaic module 1 can be reduced by about 0.44 percent when the temperature of the photovoltaic module 1 is increased for one degree, and the embodiment of the invention is provided with the cooling device so as to effectively reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation device in operation and improve and stabilize the power generation efficiency.
The water cooling device is internally provided with a water temperature and water level automatic regulation warning device, the bottom of the water cooling device is provided with a drain hole 25, the drain hole 25 is communicated with the water storage tank 3, the top of the water cooling device is provided with a first overflow pipe 26, and when the drain hole 25 is opened, water is discharged from the water cooling device and enters the water storage tank 3; the water temperature and water level automatic adjusting warning device comprises a spring 15, a blocking 16, a traction rope 17, a fixed pulley 19, a floating ball, an indicating ball 18 and a fixed rope 24; the spring 15, the blocking piece 16 and the fixed pulley 19 are all positioned at the bottom of the water cooling device; one end of the spring 15 is fixed, and the other end is connected with the blocking block 16; the blocking piece 16, the floating ball and the indicating ball 18 are connected in series through a traction rope 17 in sequence; the upper part of the water temperature and water level automatic regulation warning device is provided with a through hole, one end of the haulage rope, which is positioned on the indication ball 18, passes through the through hole, so that the indication ball 18 is hung outside the water cooling device, and the floating ball is positioned inside the water cooling device and floats in water; a traction rope 17 between the block 16 and the float passes through a fixed pulley 19.
The fixing rope 24 is a thermoplastic elastic rope which is in a plastic state in a first temperature range, one end of the fixing rope is fixed at the bottom of the water cooling device, and the other end of the fixing rope is connected to two sides below the floating ball; the blocking piece 16 is located near the drain hole 25, and has a degree of freedom to move along with the action direction of the resultant force of the traction rope and the spring so that the blocking piece 16 exposes or blocks the drain hole 25, the blocking piece 16 completely blocks the drain hole 25 when the temperature of the water is smaller than the first temperature range, and after the temperature of the water reaches/exceeds the first temperature range, the blocking piece 16 moves and gradually exposes the drain hole 25 so that the water is discharged from the water cooling device into the water storage tank 3, namely, the recovery and the reutilization of the water and the heat in the water cooling device are realized.
The material of the fixing rope 24 is thermoplastic plastic, the fixing rope is in a plastic state in a first temperature range, the floating ball is usually made of an hdpe material, the floating ball cannot be deformed at a high temperature, the first temperature range is usually below 50 ℃, the plastic is solidified after cooling and can repeat the process, the state can be repeatedly and always in the plastic state, and the repetition is only one physical change. The water is at a first temperature, the fixed rope 24 does not deform, the stress at two ends of the blocking piece 16 is balanced, the blocking piece 16 keeps static, after the temperature of the water reaches/exceeds a first temperature range, the fixed rope 24 begins to soften, the elastic coefficient becomes smaller, the length becomes longer, the floating ball moves upwards, the blocking piece 16 moves towards the fixed pulley 19, the moving amount of the blocking piece 16 towards the fixed pulley 19 becomes larger along with the continuous rising of the temperature of the water, the water in the water cooling device is discharged into the water storage tank 3, the water level of the water cooling device drops, the indicator ball 18 reminds water supplementing, the water in the water cooling device is supplemented with low-temperature water, the temperature in the water cooling device is reduced, the fixed rope 24 gradually recovers the original length along with the reduction of the temperature, the blocking piece 16 moves towards the direction of the spring 15, the water draining hole 25 is gradually blocked, the stress at two sides of the blocking piece 16 is gradually balanced, the water temperature water level automatic adjusting warning device reaches the balanced state again along with the continuous rising of the temperature, the water level automatic water temperature adjusting warning device achieves automatic adjusting and warning functions.
When the water in the water cooling device is greatly reduced due to evaporation and the water surface descends, the buoyancy of the floating ball is reduced, the pulling force of the blocking piece 16 is reduced, the blocking piece 16 moves towards the spring direction, the indicating ball 18 moves upwards to remind the water supplementing, after the water surface is restored, the stress on the two sides of the blocking piece 16 is balanced, the water temperature and water level automatic regulation warning device reaches the balanced state again, and the water temperature and water level automatic regulation warning device is circulated in a reciprocating mode, so that the water temperature and water level automatic regulation warning device realizes automatic regulation and a warning function.
The water temperature and water level automatic regulating and warning device realizes automatic regulating and warning functions of water temperature and water level of the cooling device, avoids safety problems such as overheat and overflow, effectively reduces the temperature of the photovoltaic module during operation, and improves and stabilizes the power generation efficiency.
The water distribution system supplies water for the integrated system, a communicating pipe 5 is connected between two adjacent solar water heater devices, and the water distribution system is connected with an external water source to supply water for the integrated system.
The photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater integrated system disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can meet the requirements of human beings on power supply by utilizing solar energy and heating by utilizing solar energy, and a shielded shadow area is formed on the top of a building, so that the top of the building is insulated, and a warm, comfortable and convenient living environment is provided for the human beings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the integrated system of photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a purification system, wherein the purification system includes a water collection tank 12 and a plurality of plant treatment areas 13;
each plant treatment area 13 is located on top of a building in the area between two adjacent integrated structural units, and each plant treatment area 13 is provided with a plant growing layer 13.1, a filter layer 13.2 and a water distribution layer 13.3 in sequence from top to bottom. The plant planting layer 13.1 is a plant planting area, can effectively utilize the absorption effect of plants, remove organic matters and nutrient elements in the wastewater, and is helpful for removing suspended matters, sediments and other impurities in the wastewater through the synergistic effect of plant root systems and microorganisms; the main function of the filter layer 13.2 is to filter suspended matters and most harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses in water, and prevent the suspended matters and the harmful substances from directly entering the water distribution layer 13.3 through the plant planting layer 13.1, the filter layer 13.2 is usually constructed by using fillers with different particle diameters such as gravel, gravels and the like, and the filter layer 13.2 is placed according to a certain rule so as to ensure uniform flow and full filtration of the water; the water distribution layer 13.3 is mainly used for further treating and purifying the water filtered by the first two layers, and usually uses technologies such as activated carbon, low-pressure ultrafiltration and the like to thoroughly filter and remove residual organic matters, microorganisms and other substances in the wastewater, so that the aim of purifying water quality is achieved, and the purified water can be reused, for example, can be used as a water source of an integrated system.
The water collection trough 12 is a rectangular recess arranged below each first edge 2.1 and at the edge of each plant treatment area 13, the water collection trough 12 being located at each plant treatment area 13 with its side adjacent to the plant treatment area 13 being lower than the side adjacent to the side. The water collection tank 12 is provided below each solar water heater device and at the edge of each plant treatment area 13 so as to receive and concentrate the waste water in the treatment area to the maximum extent, and the water collection tank 12 is designed in a rectangular groove, which can better collect the waste water and prevent the waste water from overflowing; the water collection trough 12 is positioned at each plant treatment area 13 with a lower side than the side adjacent to the plant treatment area 13 in order to facilitate the direct irrigation of the plant treatment area 13 with water from the water collection trough 12.
Referring to fig. 1, a water storage module 14 is arranged at the bottom of the integrated system of photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater, the water storage module 14 is connected with a water distribution system, the water storage module 14 is positioned at the bottom of the whole integrated system and is used for storing rainwater and wastewater of the integrated system, and the wastewater can be supplied to the water distribution system after being converted, so that the system is more environment-friendly and energy-saving, and has important effects in improving energy utilization efficiency, reducing energy consumption and protecting environment, and particularly, the problem of water resource shortage can be better solved under the condition of lack of water resource in rural areas.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the water cooling device of the integrated system of photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater disclosed in the embodiment of the invention comprises a circulating water tank 4 and a cooling pipe 8, wherein the circulating water tank 4 is positioned between the photovoltaic power generation device and the water storage tank 3, the bottom of the circulating water tank is provided with a second water outlet 4.1, the top of the circulating water tank is provided with a second water inlet 4.2, and the height of the second water inlet 4.2 is always 2/3~3/4 of the highest position of the circulating water tank 4; the cooling pipe 8 is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic power generation device in a mode of increasing the height from the tail end to the head end of the cooling pipe 8, the head end of the cooling pipe 8 is provided with a first water outlet 8.2, and the tail end of the cooling pipe 8 is provided with a first water inlet 8.1; the first water inlet 8.1 is communicated with the second water outlet 4.1, and the second water inlet 4.2 is communicated with the first water outlet 8.2. After the water in the cooling pipe 8 absorbs the heat of the photovoltaic module 1, the hot water in the cooling pipe 8 flows from the tail end to the head end from bottom to top due to the thermosiphon effect, the hot water in the cooling pipe 8 circulates to the circulating water tank 4, the heat is transferred to cold water in the circulating water tank 4, the cold water in the circulating water tank 4 enters the cooling pipe 8 through the second water outlet 4.1, the cooling of the photovoltaic power generation device is continuously circulated, the service life of the photovoltaic power generation device can be effectively protected, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, the energy loss is reduced, and the photovoltaic power generation device is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Referring to fig. 1, a water distribution system of an integrated photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention includes a main pipe 9, a cleaning pipe 10 and a shower pipe 11; the main pipe 9 is positioned between every two adjacent integrated structural units, the main pipe 9 is communicated with a water source to supply water for the integrated system, and the main pipe 9 is respectively communicated with the cleaning pipe 10 and the spraying pipe 11; the cleaning pipes 10 are communicated and arranged along the edges of the opposite edges of each second edge 1.1, holes are densely distributed on the surfaces of the cleaning pipes 10, and the cleaning pipes 10 realize the cleaning effect on the photovoltaic modules 1 and the heat collecting plates 2; the spray pipes 11 are arranged between every two adjacent integrated structural units, holes are densely distributed on the surfaces of the spray pipes 11, the spray pipes 11 can spray water to clean or cool the photovoltaic module 1, and the spray pipes 11 can also realize spray cleaning and the like on the positions between every two adjacent integrated structural units.
In actual use, when a certain solar cell in the photovoltaic module 1 is shielded by uneven dust accumulation and excessive bird droppings, the voltage of the certain solar cell is biased as a load to consume electricity generated by other cells, so that the temperature of the certain solar cell is higher than that of the other cells, and a hot spot effect is generated to influence the performance of the photovoltaic power generation device. In addition, in actual use, green plants can be planted on the top of the building between each two adjacent integrated structural units, and the spraying pipe 11 can also realize spraying irrigation on the green plants.
Referring to fig. 1, in the integrated system of photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater disclosed in the embodiment of the invention, the inclination angle of the panel of the photovoltaic module 1 is alpha, when the latitude is 0 ° to 25 °, alpha is equal to the latitude, when the latitude is 26 ° to 40 °, alpha is equal to the latitude plus 5 ° to 10 °, when the latitude is 41 ° to 55 °, alpha is equal to the latitude plus 10 ° to 15 °, and when the latitude is more than 55 °, alpha is equal to the latitude plus 15 ° to 20 °. The parameters are the optimal installation angles at different places of latitude, and the integrated system disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can adapt to a wider region range.
Referring to fig. 1, a heat collecting plate 2 of an integrated system of photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater disclosed in the embodiment of the invention is obliquely installed with a first side 2.1 lower than the opposite side, and an inclination angle β of 30 ° to 45 °, and the installation of the angle range is suitable for the use of the integrated system disclosed in the embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the floating ball of the integrated system of photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater disclosed in the embodiment of the invention comprises a first-stage floating ball 20, a second-stage floating ball 21, a third-stage floating ball 22 and a fourth-stage floating ball 23 which are sequentially connected in series from bottom to top by a traction rope 17, the arrangement of the multi-stage floating balls can realize the detection and control of different water levels, the combination of the multi-stage floating balls can also be adjusted according to specific requirements, for example, the number of the floating balls at a specific level can be increased or decreased so as to adapt to different containers and volume ranges, and the like.
Referring to fig. 3, the cooling pipe 8 of the integrated system of photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater disclosed in the embodiment of the invention is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic power generation device in an S-shape, so that the limited space on the back of the photovoltaic power generation device can be fully utilized, and rapid cooling can be realized.
Referring to fig. 1, a second overflow pipe 3.1 is arranged at the top of a water storage tank 3 of the integrated system of photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, and when the water level of the water storage tank 3 is too high, the water can automatically overflow, so that the water storage tank 3 is protected.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The integrated system for the photovoltaic power generation and the solar water heater of the rural building is characterized by comprising a plurality of groups of integrated structural units and a water distribution system which are arranged at intervals;
each integrated structure unit comprises a photovoltaic power generation device, a solar water heater device and a water cooling device;
the photovoltaic power generation device is paved on the top of a building in a suspended manner through a fixing frame (6), a panel of a photovoltaic assembly (1) of the photovoltaic power generation device is erected on the fixing frame (6) in a suspended and inclined manner, and a second side (1.1) of the photovoltaic assembly (1) is lower than the opposite side of the photovoltaic assembly;
a first edge (2.1) of a heat collecting plate (2) of the solar water heater device is attached to the top of the building, the opposite edge of the first edge (2.1) is connected to the edge of the second edge (1.1), and the heat collecting plate (2) and a panel of the photovoltaic module (1) are not shielded;
the water storage tank (3) of the solar water heater device is arranged on the top of the building at the position below the photovoltaic module (1), an electric heating rod is arranged in the water storage tank (3), and the electric heating rod is electrically connected with the storage battery of the photovoltaic power generation device;
the water cooling device is arranged between the photovoltaic power generation device and the water storage tank (3), a water temperature and water level automatic adjustment warning device is arranged in the water cooling device, a water drain hole (25) is formed in the bottom of the water cooling device, and the water drain hole (25) is communicated with the water storage tank (3);
the water temperature and water level automatic adjustment warning device comprises a spring (15), a blocking block (16), a traction rope (17), a fixed pulley (19), a floating ball, an indicating ball (18) and a fixed rope (24);
the spring (15), the blocking block (16) and the fixed pulley (19) are all positioned at the bottom of the water cooling device; one end of the spring (15) is fixed, and the other end of the spring is connected with the blocking block (16); the blocking block (16), the floating ball and the indicating ball (18) are connected in series through the traction rope (17) in sequence;
the upper part of the water temperature and water level automatic regulation warning device is provided with a through hole, one end of the haulage rope, which is positioned on the indicating ball (18), passes through the through hole so that the indicating ball (18) is hung outside the water cooling device, and the floating ball is positioned inside the water cooling device and floats in water; the traction rope (17) positioned between the blocking block (16) and the floating ball passes through the fixed pulley (19);
the fixing rope (24) is a thermoplastic elastic rope which is in a plastic state in a first temperature range, one end of the fixing rope is fixed at the bottom of the water cooling device, and the other end of the fixing rope is connected to two sides below the floating ball;
the blocking piece (16) is positioned near the water discharge hole (25) and has a degree of freedom which moves along with the action direction of the resultant force of the traction rope and the spring so that the blocking piece (16) exposes or blocks the water discharge hole (25), the blocking piece (16) completely blocks the water discharge hole (25) when the water is in a first temperature range, and after the temperature of the water reaches/exceeds the first temperature range, the blocking piece (16) moves and gradually exposes the water discharge hole (25) so that the water is discharged from the water cooling device into the water storage tank (3);
the water distribution system supplies water for the integrated system.
2. The integrated photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a purification system comprising a water collection sump (12) and several plant treatment areas (13);
each plant treatment area (13) is positioned on the top of the building in the area between two adjacent integrated structural units, and each plant treatment area (13) is sequentially provided with a plant planting layer (13.1), a filter layer (13.2) and a water distribution layer (13.3) from top to bottom;
the water collecting tank (12) is a rectangular groove arranged below each first edge (2.1) and at the edge of each plant treatment area (13), and the water collecting tank (12) is arranged at each plant treatment area (13) and is lower than the adjacent edge of the plant treatment area (13).
3. The integrated photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater system according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the integrated system is provided with a water storage module (14), the water storage module (14) being connected with the water distribution system.
4. The integrated photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater system according to claim 1, characterized in that the water cooling device comprises a circulation tank (4) and a cooling pipe (8);
the circulating water tank (4) is positioned between the photovoltaic power generation device and the water storage tank (3), the bottom of the circulating water tank is provided with a second water outlet (4.1), and the top of the circulating water tank is provided with a second water inlet (4.2);
the cooling pipe (8) is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic power generation device in a mode of increasing the height from the tail end to the head end of the cooling pipe (8), the head end of the cooling pipe (8) is provided with a first water outlet (8.2), and the tail end of the cooling pipe (8) is provided with a first water inlet (8.1); the first water inlet (8.1) is communicated with the second water outlet (4.1), and the second water inlet (4.2) is communicated with the first water outlet (8.2).
5. The integrated photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater system according to claim 1, characterized in that the water distribution system comprises a main pipe (9), a cleaning pipe (10) and a shower pipe (11);
the main pipe (9) is positioned between each two adjacent integrated structural units, and the main pipe (9) is communicated with a water source and is respectively communicated with the cleaning pipe (10) and the spraying pipe (11);
the cleaning pipes (10) are communicated and arranged along the edges of the opposite sides of each second edge (1.1), and holes are densely distributed on the surfaces of the cleaning pipes (10);
the spray pipes (11) are erected between every two adjacent integrated structural units, and holes are densely distributed on the surfaces of the spray pipes (11).
6. The integrated photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater system according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module (1) panel is α;
when the latitude is 0-25 degrees, alpha is equal to the latitude;
when the latitude is 26-40 degrees, alpha is equal to the latitude plus 5-10 degrees;
when the latitude is 41-55 degrees, alpha is equal to the latitude plus 10-15 degrees;
when the latitude is above 55 degrees, alpha is equal to the latitude plus 15-20 degrees.
7. The integrated photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat collecting plate (2) is mounted with inclination of the first side (2.1) lower than the opposite side, with inclination angle β of 30 ° to 45 °.
8. The integrated photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater system according to claim 1, wherein the floating balls comprise a first-stage floating ball (20), a second-stage floating ball (21), a third-stage floating ball (22) and a fourth-stage floating ball (23) which are sequentially connected in series from bottom to top by the traction rope (17).
9. The integrated photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater system according to claim 4, characterized in that the cooling pipe (8) is arranged in an S-shape on the back of the photovoltaic power generation device.
10. The integrated photovoltaic power generation and solar water heater system according to claim 1, characterized in that the top of the water storage tank (3) is provided with a second overflow pipe (3.1).
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