CN116536493A - Small hole strengthening device and wire feeding guide hole machining method using same - Google Patents
Small hole strengthening device and wire feeding guide hole machining method using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN116536493A CN116536493A CN202310762236.8A CN202310762236A CN116536493A CN 116536493 A CN116536493 A CN 116536493A CN 202310762236 A CN202310762236 A CN 202310762236A CN 116536493 A CN116536493 A CN 116536493A
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- amplitude transformer
- ultrasonic generator
- cutter shaft
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a small hole strengthening device and a wire feeding guide hole processing method by using the same, wherein the small hole strengthening device is arranged on a rotary cutter holder, a cutter shaft extends downwards from the rotary cutter holder, and a conical outer contour with a gradually changed size is arranged outside the cutter shaft Zhou Chengshang; the transducer is provided with a transducer mounting hole with a conical gradual change shape with a big upper part and a small lower part at the center, and the transducer mounting hole is tightly sleeved on the periphery of the cutter shaft; the periphery of the transducer is also provided with a conical outer contour with gradually changed upper part and lower part; the center of the amplitude transformer is provided with a cutter mounting hole with a big upper part and a small lower part and gradually changed in a conical shape, and the cutter mounting hole is tightly sleeved on the periphery of the transducer; an impact head is arranged on the radial bulge of the amplitude transformer; the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected with the transducer to drive the amplitude transformer to alternately shrink and expand in the radial direction; in the wire feeding guide hole processing method, the hole wall of the round hole on the wire feeding guide hole is subjected to plastic deformation and reinforcement through the small hole reinforcement device so as to form the wire feeding guide hole. The invention can realize ultrasonic impact reinforcement of the hole walls of the wire feeding guide holes and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to small hole machining, in particular to the technical field of wire feeding guide hole machining of wire rod machining equipment, and particularly relates to a small hole strengthening device and a wire feeding guide hole machining method using the small hole strengthening device.
Background
Pinholes are a very common and important feature in industrial production facilities, and their performance often has a significant impact on the production process and product quality. For example, for wire processing equipment such as wire bending, wire guiding parts are often arranged on a wire feeding device on the wire processing equipment, wire feeding guiding holes for wires to pass through are usually arranged on the wire guiding parts, and in the use process, the wire feeding guiding holes continuously rub with the wires, so that abrasion is easily generated, and finally, the guiding error is overlarge.
The key to improve the problems is to strengthen the hole wall by a certain strengthening technical means so as to improve the wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the small hole. Shot peening, ultrasonic impact peening and other techniques are relatively common effective means of strengthening critical surfaces by mechanical strain. The basic principle is that the surface layer of the part is cold-worked and hardened by cold extrusion, and residual compressive stress is generated. The cold work hardening causes the metal material lattice to distort, the strength is improved, the residual compressive stress with high amplitude is formed, the tensile stress of the workpiece formed by mechanical processing, heat treatment, welding, laser cutting, electroplating or hardening coating is counteracted, the crack initiation is effectively restrained, the surface hardness of the part and the wear resistance and fatigue resistance are improved to a certain extent, and the service life of the part is prolonged.
However, the existing mainstream mechanical strain strengthening technology can only strengthen the outer surface or the large-size inner surface of the part in most cases. The difficulty in strengthening the walls of small holes is that the strengthening tool is generally difficult to extend into the holes because of the small diameter of the small holes, so that radial impact strengthening is performed on the walls of the holes, a certain inclination angle is required to be maintained for strengthening, and the larger the depth-to-diameter ratio is, the larger the inclination angle is, the poorer the strengthening effect and the controllability are. In view of the above, there are no devices and methods available in the market that can effectively strengthen the walls of small holes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small hole strengthening device and a wire feeding guide hole processing method using the small hole strengthening device, so that effective strengthening of small hole walls such as the wire feeding guide holes is realized.
To achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is: a small hole strengthening device is used for being arranged on a rotary tool apron of a machining center and comprises a transducer, an amplitude transformer and an ultrasonic generator;
the bottom end of the rotary tool apron extends downwards to form a cutter shaft, the cutter shaft is coaxial with the rotary tool apron, and the periphery of the cutter shaft is a conical outer contour with gradually changed upper part and lower part;
the center of the transducer is provided with a transducer mounting hole with a conical gradual change shape with a big top and a small bottom, and the transducer mounting hole is tightly sleeved on the periphery of the cutter shaft; the periphery of the transducer is also in a conical outer contour with gradually changed upper part and lower part;
the center of the amplitude transformer is provided with a cutter mounting hole with a large upper part and a small lower part and gradually changed in a conical manner, and the cutter mounting hole is tightly sleeved on the periphery of the transducer; an impact head is arranged on the radial bulge of the amplitude transformer;
the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected with the energy converter so as to drive the energy converter to drive the amplitude transformer to alternately shrink and expand in the radial direction.
Further, the transducer is a piezoelectric ceramic, and the ultrasonic generator is used for applying an alternating electric field to the transducer.
Further, the outer side wall of the transducer is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the ultrasonic generator, and the hole wall of the transducer mounting hole is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the ultrasonic generator; or the outer side wall of the transducer is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the ultrasonic generator, and the hole wall of the transducer mounting hole is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the ultrasonic generator.
Further, a gradual change part is formed on the radial bulge of the amplitude transformer, the gradual change part is gradually thinned from thick to thin towards the direction deviating from the amplitude transformer, and the tail end of the gradual change part is provided with the impact head.
Further, a gasket is sleeved on the cutter shaft, the top surface of the gasket abuts against the amplitude transformer, a lock nut is sleeved on the cutter shaft in a threaded manner, and the lock nut abuts against the bottom surface of the gasket, so that the amplitude transformer, the transducer and the cutter shaft are sequentially and axially compressed.
Furthermore, the impact head is made of hard alloy materials.
The wire feeding guide hole processing method by using the small hole strengthening device comprises the following steps of:
step 1: a round hole is processed on the wire guiding piece, the aperture of the round hole is smaller than the diameter of the wire, and the wire guiding piece is fixed on a workbench of a processing center;
step 2: the rotary tool apron drives the energy converter and the amplitude transformer to rotate together, and simultaneously the ultrasonic generator applies alternating voltage to the energy converter so as to drive the energy converter to drive the amplitude transformer to alternately shrink and expand in the radial direction;
step 3: the amplitude transformer is led to extend into the round hole and axially displace along the round hole to feed, and the impact head is driven to vibrate and impact all the positions on the inner wall of the round hole along with the rotation and alternate contraction and expansion of the amplitude transformer, so that the round hole is plastically deformed and strengthened to form a wire feeding guide hole.
After the scheme is adopted, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The amplitude transformer can be driven to rotate in the small hole to be reinforced through the rotary tool apron, at the moment, alternating voltage is generated through the ultrasonic generator, the transducer converts the alternating voltage into physical deformation, high-frequency alternating contraction and expansion are generated in the radial direction, the amplitude transformer deforms along with the alternating voltage, the impact head radially protruding on the amplitude transformer is driven to impact the wall of the small hole at high frequency, and the impact head is enabled to impact all the positions of the wall of the small hole along with the feeding of the rotary tool apron along the axial direction of the small hole, so that the reinforcement of the wall of the small hole is completed;
(2) The frequency and amplitude of the vibration of the impact head can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the alternating voltage applied to the transducer by the ultrasonic generator so as to adapt to various states and strengthening requirements of the hole wall.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention mounted on a machining center;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the invention mated with the arbor, transducer, and horn;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an exploded construction of the transducer and horn of the present invention shown removed from the arbor;
fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view at B in fig. 4.
Description of the reference numerals: 1-machining center, 2-rotary tool apron, 3-transducer, 4-amplitude transformer, 5-ultrasonic generator, 6-arbor, 7-transducer mounting hole, 8-cutter mounting hole, 9-impact head, 10-gradual change portion, 11-packing ring, 12-lock nut, 13-workstation, 14-headstock, 15-wire, 16-electric slip ring.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In the claims, specification and drawings hereof, unless explicitly defined otherwise, references to orientation terms such as "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., are used merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, nor should they be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in particular.
The invention provides a small hole strengthening device, as shown in figures 1-5, which is used for being arranged on a rotary tool apron 2 of a machining center 1 and comprises a transducer 3, an amplitude transformer 4 and an ultrasonic generator 5;
the machining center 1 adopts the existing vertical machining center and is provided with a workbench 13 with horizontal two-axis displacement and a spindle box 14 which at least can longitudinally displace above the workbench 13, a rotary tool apron 2 is arranged at the bottom end of the spindle box 14, is driven by the spindle box 14 to horizontally rotate and is lifted along with the spindle box 14, a cutter shaft 6 downwards extends from the bottom end of the rotary tool apron 2, the cutter shaft 6 is coaxial with the rotary tool apron 2, and the periphery of the cutter shaft is in a conical outer contour with gradually changed upper and lower parts;
the transducer 3 is a piezoelectric ceramic, and is capable of converting an alternating electrical signal into physical deformation, which is the prior art, and the principle thereof is not described in detail in this embodiment; the center of the transducer 3 is provided with a transducer mounting hole 7 with a conical shape with a large upper part and a small lower part, and the transducer mounting hole 7 is tightly sleeved on the periphery of the cutter shaft 6 through the cooperation of conical surfaces; the periphery of the transducer 3 is also in a conical outer contour with gradually changed upper part and lower part;
the center of the amplitude transformer 4 is provided with a cutter mounting hole 8 with a large upper part and a small lower part and gradually changed in a conical shape, and the cutter mounting hole 8 is tightly sleeved on the periphery of the transducer 3 through the cooperation of conical surfaces; an impact head 9 is arranged on the radial protrusion of the amplitude transformer 4, the impact head 9 is made of high-hardness materials such as hard alloy, and the materials are not particularly limited;
the ultrasonic generator 5 is in the prior art, and is capable of outputting a high-frequency alternating voltage, preferably outputting a sinusoidal alternating voltage in the embodiment, and the ultrasonic generator 5 is electrically connected with the transducer 3 through a wire 15 and an electrical slip ring 16; when the transducer 3 is made of piezoelectric ceramics, the outer side wall of the transducer 3 is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the ultrasonic generator 5, the hole wall of the transducer mounting hole 7 is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the ultrasonic generator 5, or the outer side wall of the transducer 3 is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the ultrasonic generator 5, the hole wall of the transducer mounting hole 7 is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the ultrasonic generator 5, an alternating electric field is applied to the transducer 3 through the ultrasonic generator 5, and the transducer 3 is driven to generate high-frequency alternating contraction and expansion in the radial direction under the action of the alternating electric field; furthermore, the amplitude transformer 3 is driven to alternately shrink and expand in the radial direction, so that the impact head 9 protruding in the radial direction on the amplitude transformer 4 vibrates in the radial direction, a workpiece to be processed (the workpiece to be processed can be any workpiece with a small hole structure in the prior art) is placed on the workbench 13, and when the amplitude transformer 4 stretches into a small hole to be reinforced on the workpiece, the horizontal rotation and the longitudinal displacement of the rotary tool apron 2 are matched, so that the impact head 9 impacts the inner wall of the small hole in the normal direction all around, and the reinforcement of the inner wall of the small hole is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, gradual change portions 10 are formed on radial protrusions of the amplitude transformer 4, in this embodiment, gradual change portions 10 are formed on opposite ends of the amplitude transformer in a protruding mode, the gradual change portions 10 taper from thick to thin towards the direction away from the amplitude transformer 4, the bottom surface is a plane, the curved surface of the top surface changes, the impact head 9 is arranged at the tail end, the vibration amplitude or the vibration speed is amplified through the gradual change portions 10, energy is concentrated on the impact head 9 with a smaller area to achieve an energy gathering effect, and the vibration amplitude of the impact head 9 can be changed through setting different cross-sectional area change multiples of the amplitude transformer 4 after the thickness taper, so that the strengthening degree is changed.
In order to facilitate the replacement of the corresponding amplitude transformer 4 according to different small hole diameters, the cutter shaft 6 is sleeved with a gasket 11, the top surface of the gasket 11 is propped against the amplitude transformer 4, the cutter shaft 6 is sleeved with a lock nut 12 in a screwed manner, the lock nut 12 is propped against the bottom surface of the gasket 11, so that the amplitude transformer 4, the transducer 3 and the cutter shaft 6 are sequentially compressed axially, a pretightening force is provided for the sleeving of the amplitude transformer 4, the transducer 3 and the cutter shaft 6, and the amplitude transformer 4 can be disassembled downwards by screwing down the lock nut 12.
The wire feeding guide hole processing method by using the small hole strengthening device comprises the following steps of:
step 1: round holes are machined in the wire guide, in the embodiment, drilling machining is adopted, the diameter of each round hole is slightly smaller than the diameter of a (micron-sized) wire, and the wire guide is fixed on a workbench 13 of the machining center 1;
step 2: the rotary tool apron 2 drives the energy converter 3 and the amplitude transformer 4 to rotate together, and simultaneously the ultrasonic generator 5 generates alternating voltage to the energy converter 3 so as to drive the energy converter 3 to drive the amplitude transformer 4 to alternately shrink and expand in the radial direction;
step 3: the amplitude transformer 4 extends into the round hole and axially displaces along the round hole to feed, and the impact head 9 is driven to vibrate and impact the inner wall of the wire feeding guide hole along with the rotation and alternate contraction and expansion of the amplitude transformer 4, so that the round hole generates plastic deformation reinforcement (the plastic deformation reinforcement deformation is in micron order) to form the wire feeding guide hole matched with the diameter of the wire.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not limited to the present invention, and all equivalent changes made according to the design key of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a micropore reinforcing device for install on rotatory blade holder (2) of machining center (1), its characterized in that: comprises a transducer (3), an amplitude transformer (4) and an ultrasonic generator (5);
the bottom end of the rotary tool apron (2) is downwards extended with a cutter shaft (6), the cutter shaft (6) is coaxial with the rotary tool apron (2), and the periphery of the cutter shaft is a conical outer contour with gradually changed upper part and lower part;
the center of the transducer (3) is provided with a transducer mounting hole (7) with a large upper part and a small lower part and gradually changed in a conical manner, and the transducer mounting hole (7) is tightly sleeved on the periphery of the cutter shaft (6); the periphery of the transducer (3) is also in a conical outer contour with gradually changed upper part and lower part;
the center of the amplitude transformer (4) is provided with a cutter mounting hole (8) with a large upper part and a small lower part and gradually changed in a conical manner, and the cutter mounting hole (8) is tightly sleeved on the periphery of the transducer (3); an impact head (9) is arranged on the radial bulge of the amplitude transformer (4);
the ultrasonic generator (5) is electrically connected with the energy converter (3) so as to drive the energy converter (3) to drive the amplitude transformer (4) to alternately shrink and expand in the radial direction.
2. A pinhole strengthening device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the transducer (3) is a piezoelectric ceramic, and the ultrasonic generator (5) is used for applying an alternating electric field to the transducer (3).
3. A pinhole strengthening device as recited in claim 2, wherein: the outer side wall of the transducer (3) is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the ultrasonic generator (5), and the hole wall of the transducer mounting hole (7) is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the ultrasonic generator (5); or the outer side wall of the transducer (3) is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the ultrasonic generator (5), and the hole wall of the transducer mounting hole (7) is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the ultrasonic generator (5).
4. A pinhole strengthening device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the horn (4) is radially provided with a gradual change part (10) in a protruding mode, the gradual change part (10) is gradually thinned from thick to thin towards the direction deviating from the horn (4), and the tail end of the gradual change part is provided with the impact head (9).
5. A pinhole strengthening device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the cutter shaft (6) is sleeved with a gasket (11), the top surface of the gasket (11) is propped against the amplitude transformer (4), the cutter shaft (6) is sleeved with a lock nut (12) in a threaded manner, and the lock nut (12) is propped against the bottom surface of the gasket (11) so that the amplitude transformer (4), the transducer (3) and the cutter shaft (6) are sequentially and axially compressed.
6. A pinhole strengthening device as recited in claim 1, wherein: the impact head (9) is made of hard alloy.
7. A wire feed guide hole machining method using the small hole strengthening device as recited in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: a round hole is processed on the wire guiding piece, the aperture of the round hole is smaller than the diameter of the wire, and the wire guiding piece is fixed on a workbench (13) of a processing center (1);
step 2: the rotary tool apron (2) drives the energy converter (3) and the amplitude transformer (4) to rotate together, and simultaneously the ultrasonic generator (5) applies alternating voltage to the energy converter (3) so as to drive the energy converter (3) to drive the amplitude transformer (4) to shrink and expand alternately in the radial direction;
step 3: the amplitude transformer (4) stretches into the round hole and axially displaces along the round hole to feed, and the amplitude transformer (4) rotates and alternately contracts and expands to drive the impact head (9) to vibrate and impact the inner wall of the round hole everywhere, so that the round hole generates plastic deformation to strengthen the wire feeding guide hole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310762236.8A CN116536493B (en) | 2023-06-27 | 2023-06-27 | Small hole strengthening device and wire feeding guide hole machining method using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310762236.8A CN116536493B (en) | 2023-06-27 | 2023-06-27 | Small hole strengthening device and wire feeding guide hole machining method using same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116536493A true CN116536493A (en) | 2023-08-04 |
| CN116536493B CN116536493B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
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| CN202310762236.8A Active CN116536493B (en) | 2023-06-27 | 2023-06-27 | Small hole strengthening device and wire feeding guide hole machining method using same |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116536493B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
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