CN112756708B - Ultrasonic-assisted device for cold-swing rolling forming of bevel gear and machining method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic-assisted device for cold-swing rolling forming of bevel gear and machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112756708B CN112756708B CN202110013310.7A CN202110013310A CN112756708B CN 112756708 B CN112756708 B CN 112756708B CN 202110013310 A CN202110013310 A CN 202110013310A CN 112756708 B CN112756708 B CN 112756708B
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F17/00—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups
- B23F17/006—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups using different machines or machining operations
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling forming of a conical gear, which comprises: the base is provided with an accommodating cavity with an upward opening; the lower die is used for clamping a workpiece; the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer is arranged in the accommodating cavity and comprises a positioning section, a first vibration installation section and a vibration transformation output section which are sequentially and coaxially arranged along a vertical axis, the positioning section is connected with the base and is circumferentially positioned, the first vibration installation section is provided with a first piezoelectric actuator, the vibration transformation output section is provided with a second piezoelectric actuator, and ultrasonic vibration generated by the first piezoelectric actuator and the second piezoelectric actuator is superposed; the vibration conversion output section is in contact with the workpiece and is used for transmitting the ultrasonic vibration to the workpiece. The accommodating cavity is used for accommodating the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer, and ultrasonic vibration with larger vibration energy is generated after ultrasonic vibration generated by the first piezoelectric actuator and the second piezoelectric actuator on the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer is superposed, so that the processing requirement is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a device and a machining method for forming a conical gear by ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling.
Background
In the cold pendulum molding gear technology, the cold pendulum rolling molding gear needs a large force, so that the gear is molded, and a large-tonnage molding device needs to be matched, so that the manufacturing cost is high, the molding precision is poor, and the technical requirement of a high-performance gear is difficult to meet. And under the action of ultrasonic vibration, the material flow pressure is obviously reduced, which is beneficial to the plastic flow of the material, i.e. the pressure required by molding is reduced. However, the space for installing the ultrasonic vibration device is limited, so that the installed ultrasonic vibration device generates small vibration and the processing requirement is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a device for rolling and forming the conical gear by the ultrasonic-assisted cold pendulum, which can provide larger ultrasonic vibration in a limited space and meet the processing requirement.
According to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the device for forming the conical gear by ultrasonic-assisted cold pendulum rolling comprises: the base is provided with an accommodating cavity with an upward opening; the lower die is arranged on the upper end surface of the base and used for clamping a workpiece; the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer is arranged in the accommodating cavity and comprises a positioning section, a first vibration installation section and a vibration transformation output section which are sequentially and coaxially arranged along a vertical axis, the positioning section is connected with the base and is circumferentially positioned, the first vibration installation section is provided with a first piezoelectric actuator, the vibration transformation output section is provided with a second piezoelectric actuator, and ultrasonic vibration generated by the first piezoelectric actuator and the second piezoelectric actuator is superposed; the vibration conversion output section is in contact with the workpiece and is used for transmitting ultrasonic vibration to the workpiece.
The device for rolling and forming the conical gear by the ultrasonic-assisted cold pendulum according to the embodiment of the invention at least has the following technical effects: the containing cavity is used for containing the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer, and ultrasonic vibration generated by the first piezoelectric actuator and the second piezoelectric actuator on the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer is superposed to generate ultrasonic vibration with larger vibration energy, so that the processing requirement is met.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the base includes a base embedded in the receiving cavity, and the positioning section is connected to the base and positioned circumferentially.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the vibration conversion output section comprises a first middle section, a second middle section and a vibration output section which are arranged in sequence, the first middle section is closer to the positioning section than the second middle section, a second piezoelectric actuator mounting groove is arranged between the first middle section and the second middle section and used for mounting the second piezoelectric actuator, a through groove which is inclined relative to the axis is arranged on the second middle section, and the vibration output section is used for contacting with the workpiece.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the upper surface of the base is provided with a cavity with an upward opening, and the positioning section is connected with the bottom wall of the cavity.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first vibration mounting section radially protrudes beyond the positioning section and the vibration transforming output section; the downward side surface of the first vibration installation section is provided with a first limiting groove, the other side surface of the first vibration installation section is provided with a second limiting groove, and the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove are both arranged at the vibration mode node of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer; the first limiting groove is provided with a first connecting piece, the bottom end of the first connecting piece is connected with the cavity, and the other end of the first connecting piece is embedded into the first limiting groove; and a second connecting piece is installed on the second limiting groove, one end of the second connecting piece is embedded in the second limiting groove, and the other end of the second connecting piece is connected with the circumferential side wall of the cavity.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a limiting cushion block is arranged between the positioning section and the cavity, a first limiting groove for embedding the bottom part of the limiting cushion block is arranged on the bottom wall of the cavity, and the limiting cushion block is embedded into the first limiting groove to realize circumferential limiting; the upper surface of the limiting cushion block is provided with a second limiting groove for partial embedding of the positioning section, and the positioning section is embedded into the second limiting groove to realize circumferential limiting.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the base upper end surface is lower than the base upper end surface, and the base upper end surface is provided with a balance pad which is flush with the base upper end surface and contacts with a portion of the upper die bottom surface.
According to the processing method for the ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling forming of the conical gear, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the workpiece is clamped by the device for rapidly forming the conical gear through ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the workpiece, and then the workpiece is processed by matching with the upper die.
The processing method for the ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling forming of the bevel gear according to the embodiment of the invention at least has the following technical effects: the superposed ultrasonic vibration generated by the first piezoelectric actuator and the second piezoelectric actuator on the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer is applied to the workpiece, sufficient ultrasonic vibration excitation is given to the workpiece, the workpiece is subjected to ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing, the forming pressure of the workpiece is reduced, and the processing quality of the workpiece is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the time at which the upper die impacts the workpiece coincides with the time at which the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the workpiece.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the frequencies f of the first and second piezoelectric actuators, the upper mold impact frequency N, the path stroke L where the vibration generated by the first piezoelectric actuator is transmitted to the second piezoelectric actuator, and the path stroke L where the vibration generated by the second piezoelectric actuator is transmitted to the workpiece1The following relationships are satisfied:
and the moment t at which the first piezoelectric actuator starts to be excited1A second piezoelectric actuatorMoment t of starting excitation2And the moment t when the upper die impacts the workpiece for the first time3The following relation needs to be satisfied:
t3＝2+t2；
t2＝1+t；
wherein c is the transmission speed of the ultrasonic vibration on the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an installation structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of an ultrasonic vibration horn;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the ultrasonic vibration horn and the base;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the generation of resonance on an ultrasonic vibration horn;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first piezoelectric actuator arrangement;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a second piezoelectric actuator arrangement.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, an apparatus for ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling of a bevel gear according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a base 500, a lower mold 600, and an ultrasonic vibration horn.
The base 500 has a receiving cavity 510 with an upward opening; the lower die 600 is fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the base 500 and used for clamping the workpiece 700; the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer is arranged in the accommodating cavity 510 and comprises a positioning section 100, a first vibration mounting section 200 and a vibration transformation output section 300 which are coaxially arranged along a vertical axis 101 in sequence, the positioning section 100 is connected with the base 500 and is circumferentially positioned, the first vibration mounting section 200 is provided with a first piezoelectric actuator 211, the vibration transformation output section 300 is provided with a second piezoelectric actuator 302, and the ultrasonic vibration generated by the first piezoelectric actuator 211 and the second piezoelectric actuator 302 is superposed; the vibration transforming output section 300 is in contact with the workpiece for transmitting the ultrasonic vibration to the workpiece 700. After the ultrasonic vibrations generated by the first piezoelectric actuator 211 and the second piezoelectric actuator 302 on the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer are superposed, the ultrasonic vibration with larger vibration energy is generated for the workpiece, and the processing requirement is met.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the first vibration installation section 200 is provided with a first piezoelectric actuator installation groove 210, the first piezoelectric actuator installation groove 210 being for installing a first piezoelectric actuator 211, the first piezoelectric actuator 211 being installable in the first piezoelectric actuator installation groove 210 by a fastener; the second piezoelectric actuator 302 may be mounted in the second piezoelectric actuator mounting groove 301 by a fastener. Realize the location installation through the mounting groove, improve the installation accuracy for the installation is more swift.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the base 500 includes a base 400 embedded in the accommodating cavity 510, the base 400 is adapted to the accommodating cavity 510 and the bottom of the base 400 abuts against the accommodating cavity to achieve a fixed position, and the positioning section 100 is connected to the base 400 and circumferentially positioned to achieve a circumferential fixation with the base 500, where the circumferential fixation means that the positioning section 100 cannot freely rotate around the axis 101, so as to prevent the positioning section from rotating after receiving a torque, and to remove the torsional vibration, thereby ensuring that the torsional vibration is maximally transmitted to the workpiece.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the vibration conversion output section 300 includes a first middle section 310, a second middle section 320, and a vibration output section 330, which are sequentially disposed, the first middle section 310, the second middle section 320, and the vibration output section 330 are coaxially disposed along the axis 101, and the first middle section 310 is closer to the positioning section 100 than the second middle section, that is, the first middle section 310, the second middle section 320, and the vibration output section 330 are sequentially disposed from bottom to top. A second piezoelectric actuator mounting groove 301 is formed between the first middle section 310 and the second middle section 320, the second piezoelectric actuator mounting groove 301 is used for mounting the second piezoelectric actuator 302, and a through groove 321 which is inclined relative to the axis 101 is formed in the second middle section 320. For structural symmetry, the through slots 321 are generally uniformly arranged around the axial direction, and are generally arranged around four. The ultrasonic vibration generated by the first piezoelectric actuator 211 and the second piezoelectric actuator 302 is superposed, the vibration superposition can generate vibration with larger energy, and the vibration is finally transmitted to the vibration output section 330, so that the vibration energy and the vibration effect are improved, and the realization of larger vibration in an effective space is ensured, so that an ultrasonic vibration device can be installed in a smaller space, and the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing of high-energy vibration is met. And the inclined through groove 321 can generate composite vibration in torsion and axial directions, resonance as shown in fig. 4 is generated, forming pressure can be reduced, and cutting quality of the surface of the workpiece is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a coaxial first connecting section 110 is disposed between the positioning section 100 and the first vibration mounting section 200, the positioning section 100 is a regular hexagonal frustum, the first connecting section 110 is a regular hexagonal prism, and the cross section of the connecting position of the positioning section 100 and the first connecting section 110 is the same. The length of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer is ensured, the length of the positioning section is not required to be too long, and the machining cutting amount is reduced.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the side of the first vibration mounting section 200 facing the positioning section 100 has a tapered surface that is concave inward toward the center, so that the vibration excited by the piezoelectric actuator is reduced to transfer energy to the positioning section 100, and most of the vibration energy is transferred to the vibration output section 330, thereby reducing energy loss. And the conical surface can be a conical surface or a conical surface of a multi-pyramid. Since the taper has a slope, the projection in the axial direction of the axis 101 has a length, and the length of the first connecting section 110 is about 1.5 times the length of the projection of the taper in the axial direction.
Referring to fig. 2, the first vibration mounting section 200 has a profile larger than the first connection section 110, the first intermediate section 310, the second intermediate section 320, and the vibration output section 330 such that the first vibration mounting section 200 is radially protruded. The first piezoelectric actuator mounting groove 210 is disposed on a side surface of the first vibration mounting section 200 facing the positioning section 100, and the side surface is a shaft shoulder formed by radially protruding the first vibration mounting section 200, so as to form a mounting position for the first piezoelectric actuator 211. And the distance from the first piezoelectric actuator mounting groove 210 to the axial line is 2-4 times of the axial length of the first vibration mounting section 200, the vibration output section 330 is used for contacting with a workpiece, and the first piezoelectric actuator excitation causes vibration so that the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer generates vibration with large axial load.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface of the base 400 is provided with a cavity 401 with an upward opening, and the positioning section 100 is connected to the bottom wall of the cavity 401, so as to reduce the overall volume of the device and achieve maximum utilization of space.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first vibration installation section 200 radially protrudes out of the positioning section 100 and the vibration conversion output section 300; a first limiting groove 220 is formed in the downward side surface of the first vibration installation section 200, a second limiting groove 230 is formed in the other side surface of the first vibration installation section, and the first limiting groove 220 and the second limiting groove 230 are both arranged at the vibration mode node of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer; the first limiting groove 220 is provided with a first connecting piece 420, the bottom end of the first connecting piece 420 is connected with the cavity 401, and the other end of the first connecting piece is embedded into the first limiting groove 220; the second connecting member 430 is installed in the second limiting groove 230, one end of the second connecting member 430 is embedded in the second limiting groove 230, and the other end is connected with the circumferential side wall of the cavity 401. Two ends of the second connecting member 430 are fixedly connected to the first vibration mounting section 200 and the base, respectively. In order to realize the positioning of the first connector 420 and the second connector 430 with the base, the bottom wall and the side wall of the cavity 401 are provided with positioning grooves corresponding to the first connector 420 and the second connector 430. The first limiting groove 220 and the second limiting groove 230 are used for positioning and connecting the two connecting pieces, the base is connected with the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer in a multi-position positioning mode, the mounting precision and the mounting stability are improved, and when the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer receives axial acting force, the first connecting piece 420 and the second connecting piece 430 can generate certain elastic deformation to adapt to the axial acting force. The vibration mode node of the ultrasonic vibration horn is consistent with the positions of the first limit groove 220 and the second limit groove 230, and the vibration at the vibration mode node is zero, so that the vibration cannot be transmitted to the base through the first connecting piece 420 and the second connecting piece 430, and the energy loss is reduced.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, a limiting cushion block 410 is disposed between the positioning section 100 and the cavity 401, a first limiting groove for partially embedding the bottom of the limiting cushion block 410 is disposed on the bottom wall of the cavity 401, and the limiting cushion block 410 is embedded in the first limiting groove to realize circumferential limiting; the upper surface of the limiting cushion block 410 is provided with a second limiting groove for partial embedding of the positioning section 100, and the positioning section 100 is embedded into the second limiting groove to realize circumferential limiting. The positioning section 100 is in a regular hexagonal frustum shape, the tip end of the positioning section faces outwards, and the positioning section is used for limiting the torsional motion and the axial motion of one side of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer positioning section and providing the axial supporting force and the torque of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer. The second spacing groove matches with locating segment 100 for locating segment 100 tip embedding, realizes that circumference is spacing, and restriction locating segment 100 twists reverse. The whole limiting cushion block 410 is a regular octagonal prism, the first limiting groove is matched with the limiting cushion block 410, the limiting cushion block 410 is embedded into the first limiting groove to realize circumferential positioning, and the limiting cushion block 410 is limited from twisting. The positioning section 100 and the limiting cushion block 410 are limited to be twisted through polygonal embedding contact, the base and the limiting cushion block are limited to be twisted through regular octahedron contact, the contact surface is larger, the twisting force transmitted to the base 400 is reduced, and the twisting torque is transmitted to the limiting cushion block from the positioning section 100 and then transmitted to the base. The outer angle of the regular hexagon is larger than that of the regular octagon, and the capacity of limiting torsion is stronger than that of the regular octagon. Specifically, the limiting cushion block is formed by compounding high-silicon cast aluminum alloy and glass fibers, the two outer layers and the middle layer are made of glass fibers, and a cast aluminum alloy layer is arranged between the outer layers and the middle layer. The glass fiber contains higher silicon, has strong elastic deformation capability, has higher wear resistance when bearing repeated torsion, has stronger deformation bearing capability and long service life. The cast aluminum has relatively low rigidity, and can deform and buffer load when bearing load. The two cast aluminum alloy layers are separated by the middle layer, and the cast aluminum alloy layers can slide relatively, so that the deformation capacity and the load bearing capacity of the cast aluminum alloy layers are further improved. The thickness of different layers of the composite layer corresponds to the rigidity ratio of the composite layer.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the second piezoelectric actuator mounting grooves 301 and the first piezoelectric actuator mounting grooves 210 are each arranged uniformly around the axis 101 in four, and the second piezoelectric actuator mounting grooves 301 and the first piezoelectric actuator mounting grooves 210 have a phase difference of 45 °. Axial vibration superposition is realized by controlling the phase angle. As shown in fig. 5, the position angles of the four first piezoelectric actuators are 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° in this order. As shown in fig. 6, the position angles of the four second piezoelectric actuators are 45 °, 135 °, 225 °, 315 ° in this order.
A coaxial second connecting section 340 is arranged between the first vibration mounting section 200 and the first middle section 310, and the diameter of the second connecting section 340 is larger than that of the first middle section 310. Specifically, the second connecting section 340 is a regular hexagonal prism having a length identical to that of the first connecting section 110.
The diameter of the second connecting section 340 is larger than that of the first middle section 310, the second connecting section 340 is connected with the first middle section 310 through a Gaussian curve, the radius is reduced by 0.2-0.25, the ultrasonic vibration generator is mainly used for enabling ultrasonic vibration to reach high vibration speed, the requirement of high vibration speed during efficient rough machining and fine machining of various cylindrical gears is met, and the cylindrical gears have higher vibration speed in a certain vibration period.
The first middle section 310 and the second middle section 320 are both regular hexagonal prisms, and both have the same length as the second connecting section 340. The length of the through groove is consistent with that of the second middle section 320, the inclined angle of the through groove is 60 degrees, namely the included angle between the through groove and the axis 101 is 60 degrees, and the capacity of bearing large load is improved. The width of the through groove is about 0.1 time of the length, so that the through groove generates torsion and axial vibration under the action of the first piezoelectric actuator and the second piezoelectric actuator, the gear has ultrasonic vibration in all directions, the molding pressure in all directions is reduced, the gear molding is promoted, and the molding pressure is reduced. The diameter of a regular polygon prism herein refers to the diameter of a circumscribed circle of the cross-section of the regular polygon prism.
In addition, the length of the vibration output section 330 is consistent with that of the second middle section 320, and the vibration output section is a regular hexagonal frustum with the taper of 1: 13 for contacting a workpiece provided with a groove adapted to the end of the vibration output section 330 for transmitting high frequency torsional and axial vibrations to the workpiece.
The diameter change connection of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer adopts the optimal circular arc transition. The radius of the circular arc transition is determined by the size of the adjacent two sections of cross sections at the joint and the vibration amplification coefficient.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the upper end surface of the base 400 is lower than the upper end surface of the base 500, and the upper end surface of the base 400 is provided with a balance pad block 440, and the balance pad block 440 is flush with the upper end surface of the base 500 and contacts with a portion of the bottom surface of the lower mold 600. The balance cushion block is used for adjusting horizontal errors caused by installation or machining errors in the whole device, wherein the contact surface of the balance cushion block with a workpiece or a lower die is horizontal. The other surface of the balance cushion block is in contact with the base of the ultrasonic vibration device, the section of the other surface of the balance cushion block is consistent with that of the upper end of the base, the balance cushion block can adapt to unevenness of the base within a certain range, horizontal errors of the base are made up, and the workpiece is ensured to be in a horizontal position in forming. The balance cushion block is made of copper alloy. The copper alloy has proper elasticity and rigidity, can bear part of high-frequency large-load impact force, and further reduces the transmission of vibration to the ultrasonic vibration device. And simultaneously the ultrasonic vibration device is clamped.
The invention also provides a processing method of the ultrasonic-assisted cold pendulum rolling rapid forming conical gear, which is characterized in that the device for the ultrasonic-assisted cold pendulum rolling rapid forming conical gear of any embodiment is adopted, the upper die clamps the workpiece, the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer applies ultrasonic vibration to the workpiece, and then the upper die 800 is matched to process the workpiece.
The upper die rotationally moves or swings along the rotation axis 802 under the action of the forming equipment driving device, and the rotation axis 802 and the upper die axis 801 have a certain angle difference, so that when the upper die 800 rotationally swings, the contact position of the upper die and the workpiece continuously changes and impacts the workpiece to provide pressure for forming the workpiece, and the pressure consists of pretightening force and impact force. In order to ensure that the workpiece is excited by ultrasonic vibration when being impacted by the upper die, the workpiece is prevented from not being impacted by the upper die when the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the workpiece, and the effect of the ultrasonic vibration is ensured. The moment when the upper die 800 impacts the workpiece coincides with the moment when the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the workpiece.
Specifically, the frequency f of the first piezoelectric actuator 211 and the second piezoelectric actuator 302, the impact frequency N of the upper die 800, the path stroke L where the vibration generated by the first piezoelectric actuator 211 is transmitted to the second piezoelectric actuator 302, and the path stroke L where the vibration generated by the second piezoelectric actuator 302 is transmitted to the workpiece1The following relationships are satisfied:
i.e., m is a positive integer including 0. And the time t at which the first piezoelectric actuator 211 starts to be excited1And a time t at which the second piezoelectric actuator 302 starts to be excited2And the moment t when the upper die impacts the workpiece for the first time3The following relation needs to be satisfied:
t3＝2+t2；
t2＝1+t；
wherein c is the transmission speed of the ultrasonic vibration on the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer.
Δ t is a time difference between the start of excitation of the first piezoelectric actuator 211 and the second piezoelectric actuator 302. Δ t2Is the time at which the ultrasonic vibration at the second piezoelectric actuator 302 is transferred to the workpiece. n is a positive integer including 0. And the excitation frequencies of the first piezoelectric actuator 211 and the second piezoelectric actuator 302 are identical, both being f. By satisfying the above formula, the vibrations generated by the first piezoelectric actuator 211 and the second piezoelectric actuator 302, respectively, can be superimposed. The amplitude and the speed are amplified through the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer, and the requirements of large load and high frequency in the cold pendulum rolling forming gear are met. And the rhythm of the ultrasonic vibration excited workpiece is consistent with the rhythm of the upper die impacting the workpiece, so that when the upper die impacts the workpiece, the workpiece is excited by the ultrasonic vibration, the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing is realized, and the effect of the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing is ensured.
And in the forming process, the feeding speed of the upper die is fz, the unit is millimeter per minute and mm/min, and the workpiece is impacted for N times in unit minute.
The feed amount of the upper die at a single impact is
A single vibration interval of
In the process of forming the conical gear, the conical gear moves downwards under the pressure of an upper die, the displacement of the conical gear and the difference between the root circle and the tip circle radius of the conical gear are set as r, the taper of the conical gear is alpha, and the descending height h is equal to
h＝sinα。
The displacement of the downward motion of the workpiece is h, and the base does not move, so that the first connecting member 420, the second connecting member 430 and the limiting cushion block elastically deform under the pre-tightening force and impact of the upper die, the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer axially bends and deforms, and the first connecting member 420 and the second connecting member 430 axially deform. The upper die is used for developing feeding motion by taking h displacement as a standard, larger pre-tightening force is provided, elastic deformation can be generated on the first connecting piece 420, the second connecting piece 430 and the limiting cushion block, and along with the progressive processing of the processing depth, the deformation of the first connecting piece 420, the second connecting piece 430 and the limiting cushion block is gradually reduced until the workpiece is molded, pressure is unloaded, and the original shape is recovered.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or "some examples" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a supplementary cold pendulum of supersound rolls device of shaping conical gear which characterized in that includes: the base (500), the base (500) has an accommodating cavity (510) with an upward opening;
the lower die (600) is arranged on the upper end surface of the base (500) and used for clamping the workpiece (700); the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer is arranged in the accommodating cavity (510) and comprises a positioning section (100), a first vibration installation section (200) and a vibration transformation output section (300) which are sequentially and coaxially arranged along a vertical axis (101), wherein the positioning section (100) is connected with the base (500) and is circumferentially positioned, the first vibration installation section (200) is provided with a first piezoelectric actuator (211), the vibration transformation output section (300) is provided with a second piezoelectric actuator (302), and ultrasonic vibration generated by the first piezoelectric actuator (211) and the second piezoelectric actuator (302) is superposed; the vibration transformation output section (300) is in contact with the workpiece and is used for transmitting ultrasonic vibration to the workpiece (700);
the frequency f of the first piezoelectric actuator (211) and the second piezoelectric actuator (302), the impact frequency N of the upper die (800), the path stroke L of the vibration generated by the first piezoelectric actuator (211) transmitted to the second piezoelectric actuator (302), and the path stroke L of the vibration generated by the second piezoelectric actuator (302) transmitted to the workpiece1The following relationships are satisfied:
and a time t when the first piezoelectric actuator (211) starts to be excited1And a time t when the second piezoelectric actuator (302) starts to be excited2And the moment t when the upper die impacts the workpiece for the first time3The following relation needs to be satisfied:
t3＝t2+Δt2；
t2＝t1+Δt；
wherein c is the transmission speed of the ultrasonic vibration on the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer, and m and n are positive integers including 0.
2. The apparatus for ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling of bevel gears according to claim 1, wherein: the base (500) comprises a base (400) embedded in the accommodating cavity (510), and the positioning section (100) is connected with the base (400) and positioned circumferentially.
3. The apparatus for ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling of bevel gears according to claim 1, wherein: vibration transform output section (300) are including first interlude (310), second interlude (320) and the vibration output section (330) that set gradually, first interlude (310) are compared the second interlude and are more close to location section (100), be equipped with second piezoelectric actuator mounting groove (301) between first interlude (310) and second interlude (320), second piezoelectric actuator mounting groove (301) are used for installing second piezoelectric actuator (302), be equipped with logical groove (321) of relative axis (101) slope on second interlude (320), vibration output section (330) are used for contacting with the work piece.
4. The apparatus for ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling of bevel gears as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the upper surface of the base (400) is provided with a cavity (401) with an upward opening, and the positioning section (100) is connected with the bottom wall of the cavity (401).
5. The device for cold-swing rolling and forming the bevel gear with the assistance of the ultrasound as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the first vibration mounting section (200) radially protrudes out of the positioning section (100) and the vibration transformation output section (300); a first limiting groove (220) is formed in the downward side face of the first vibration mounting section (200), a second limiting groove (230) is formed in the other side face of the first vibration mounting section, and the first limiting groove (220) and the second limiting groove (230) are both arranged at a vibration mode node of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude transformer; a first connecting piece (420) is installed on the first limiting groove (220), the bottom end of the first connecting piece (420) is connected with the cavity (401), and the other end of the first connecting piece is embedded into the first limiting groove (220); and a second connecting piece (430) is installed on the second limiting groove (230), one end of the second connecting piece (430) is embedded in the second limiting groove (230), and the other end of the second connecting piece (430) is connected with the circumferential side wall of the cavity (401).
6. The device for cold-swing rolling and forming the bevel gear with the assistance of the ultrasound as claimed in claim 4, wherein: a limiting cushion block (410) is arranged between the positioning section (100) and the cavity (401), a first limiting groove for embedding the bottom part of the limiting cushion block (410) is formed in the bottom wall of the cavity (401), and the limiting cushion block (410) is embedded into the first limiting groove to realize circumferential limiting; the upper surface of the limiting cushion block (410) is provided with a second limiting groove for partial embedding of the positioning section (100), and the positioning section (100) is embedded into the second limiting groove to realize circumferential limiting.
7. The device for cold-swing rolling and forming the bevel gear with the assistance of the ultrasound as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the upper end face of the base (400) is lower than the upper end face of the base (500), a balance cushion block (440) is arranged on the upper end face of the base (400), and the balance cushion block (440) is flush with the upper end face of the base (500) and is in partial contact with the bottom face of the lower die (600).
8. A processing method for ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling of a conical gear is characterized in that the device for ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling of a conical gear according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used for clamping a workpiece, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the workpiece, and then the workpiece is processed by matching with an upper die (800).
9. The method for processing the ultrasonic-assisted cold-swing rolling-formed bevel gear according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the moment when the upper die (800) impacts the workpiece coincides with the moment when the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the workpiece.
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| CN202110013310.7A CN112756708B (en) | 2021-01-06 | 2021-01-06 | Ultrasonic-assisted device for cold-swing rolling forming of bevel gear and machining method |
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| CN1005542B (en) * | 1987-03-15 | 1989-10-25 | 吉林工业大学 | Hobbing drum gear device |
| CN2743058Y (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2005-11-30 | 蔡改贫 | Vibrating swinging rolling device |
| DE102007038370B4 (en) * | 2007-08-14 | 2015-10-01 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Method for producing a drive shaft |
| CN104475874B (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-08-10 | 中北大学 | The ultrasonic accurate hobbing device of a kind of gear and application |
| CN104759950B (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2017-06-06 | 南京理工大学 | Supersonic vibration assistant grinding fragile material is along direction of feed prediction of Turning Force with Artificial method |
| CN109261475B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2020-04-24 | 中南大学 | Ultrasonic vibration auxiliary processing axial-bending-torsion coupling vibration amplitude transformer |
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