CN116536095A - 一种耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116536095A CN116536095A CN202310404154.6A CN202310404154A CN116536095A CN 116536095 A CN116536095 A CN 116536095A CN 202310404154 A CN202310404154 A CN 202310404154A CN 116536095 A CN116536095 A CN 116536095A
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003831 antifriction material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- AMTWCFIAVKBGOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;methoxy-dimethyl-trimethylsilyloxysilane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.CO[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C AMTWCFIAVKBGOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940083037 simethicone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940086735 succinate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 102100039496 Choline transporter-like protein 4 Human genes 0.000 description 7
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- ZVQOOHYFBIDMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CN=S(C)(=O)C(C)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)N=C1 ZVQOOHYFBIDMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940008099 dimethicone Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010742 number 1 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;disodium;dinitrate;nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[K+].[O-]N=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油及其制备方法，所述润滑油由以下质量份的组分：基础油85～90份，清净分散剂0.5～1份，抗氧剂0.7～2份，减磨剂0.4～1.2份，极压剂0.3～1份，粘指剂2～6份，降凝剂0.8～1.6份，抗泡剂0.8～1.6份。本发明的润滑油耐寒性能好，且润滑效果好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑油技术领域，具体涉及说，涉及一种耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油。
背景技术
随着汽车行业科技不断突飞发展，汽车发动机也不断精细化，使用油品对黏度、温度要求不断的下降，若油品的流动性变差，直至完全失去流动性，使油品在低温下的使用性能急剧下降。为在低温下保证良好的供油，使润滑系统正常工作，润滑油应具有良好的低温流动性。
为了使润滑油具有耐低温的性能，可通过向普通润滑油基础中添加降凝剂。降凝剂使润滑油具有耐低温的性能的作用机理是通过与基础油形成共晶，改变石蜡晶体的大小和外形，使其不易形成网状结构，从而起到降低油品凝点的作用。添加降凝剂虽然可以有效地降低基础油的倾点，但当降凝剂的添加量达到一定含量时，其体现的降凝效果并不明显，并且烷基萘和聚甲基丙烯酸酯类型降凝剂累积到一定程度的时，反而会导致润滑油的耐低温的性能变得更差。因此，如何提高润滑油的耐低温性能，是本领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明一方面的目的是提供一种耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油，其包括以下质量份的组分：
在另一优选例中，所述基础油选自煤制油，例如，潞安“煤制油”CTL4、CTL6基础油。
在另一优选例中，所述清净分散剂选自石油磺酸盐、烷基酚盐、水杨酸盐、丁二酰亚胺、丁二酸酯，或其组合。
在另一优选例中，所述抗氧剂选自二烷基二硫代磷酸盐、抗氧剂HBT、硫磷丁辛伯烷基锌盐，或其组合。
在另一优选例中，所述减磨剂选自硫化异丁烯、氯化石蜡，或其组合。
在另一优选例中，所述极压剂选自石墨、二硫化钼、立方氮化硼、二硫化钨，或其组合。
在另一优选例中，所述粘指剂选自聚异丁烯(例如，韩国大林PIB2400)、乙烯丙烯共聚物(例如，雅富顿HITEC5748)、聚甲基丙烯酸酯(例如，赢创8-310)、氢化苯乙烯双烯共聚物(例如，润英联SV603)，或其组合。
在另一优选例中，所述降凝剂选自聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯，例如，赢创VISCOPLEX 1-300和/或润英联V382。
在另一优选例中，所述抗泡剂选自二甲基硅油、非硅抗泡剂和复合抗泡剂。
在另一优选例中，所述非硅抗泡剂选自丙烯酸酯非硅型抗泡剂或聚烯烃类抗泡剂
在另一优选例中，所述复合抗泡剂选自丙烯酸酯非硅型抗泡剂与含硅抗泡剂的复配物，更优选，两者比例为1∶0.1～9。
本发明另一方面提供了上述耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
S1：将基础油、清净分散剂、抗氧剂、减磨剂、极压剂、粘指剂加入容器中，缓慢升温45～55℃；
S2：搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，并同步加入降凝剂和抗泡剂；
S3：降温至室温，并继续搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，得到润滑油。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的润滑油通过煤间接液化自主技术产业化的产物“煤制油”作为基础油与清净分散剂、抗氧剂、减磨剂、极压剂、粘指剂、降凝剂和抗泡剂混合，得到耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油。
具体实施方式
针对现有的润滑油耐寒性能和低温流动性不足的缺点，本申请发明人经过深入的研究发现将基础油与清净分散剂、抗氧剂、减磨剂、极压剂、粘指剂、降凝剂、抗泡剂混合制得的润滑油的耐寒性能和低温流动性均较好。原因可能是这些添加组分可吸附到金属膜表面并促进不同的晶体形态，这样会带来更多数量的、更小的三维针形或立方形晶体，这些更小的晶体可使保护膜保持悬浮的时间更长，颗粒的分布更均匀，可以使发动机更易启动、降低发动机磨损、并延长发动机寿命。
本发明的描述中，“室温”指4～40℃，更佳地，指25±5℃。
下面将结合具体实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
下列实施例中，所用组分如未进行特殊说明均市售可得。
实施例1
1.1耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油由以下重量份的组分组成：
1.2润滑油的制备步骤如下：
S1：将采用体积比为1：1的潞安煤制油CTL4和CTL6混合液、石油磺酸盐、二烷基二硫代磷酸盐、硫化异丁烯、石墨、韩国大林PIB2400加入容器中，并缓慢升温45～55℃；
S2：通过搅拌设备搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，并同步加赢创VISCOPLEX 1-300和二甲基硅油；
S3：降温至室温，并通过搅拌设备继续搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，得到润滑油。
实施例2：
2.1耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油由以下质量份的组分组成：
2.2上述润滑油的制备步骤如下：
S1：按上述重量份，将体积比为1∶1的潞安煤制油CTL4和CTL6混合液、石油磺酸盐、二烷基二硫代磷酸盐、硫化异丁烯、石墨、聚异丁烯加入容器中，并缓慢升温45～55℃；
S2：通过搅拌设备搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，并同步加入烷基萘类化合物的降凝剂T801和二甲基硅油；
S3：降温至室温，并通过搅拌设备继续搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，得到润滑油。
实施例3
3.1耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油由以下重量份的组分组成：
3.2上述润滑油的制备步骤具体如下：
S1：将体积比为1∶2的潞安煤制油CTL4和CTL6混合液88份、烷基酚盐1份、二烷基二硫代磷酸盐0.85份、氯化石蜡1.05份、二硫化钼0.96份、乙烯丙烯共聚物5.8份加入至容器中，并缓慢升温45～55℃；
S2：通过搅拌设备搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，并同步加入1.2份聚甲基丙烯酸酯(PMA)1-248的降凝剂和非硅抗泡剂；
S3：降温至室温，并通过搅拌设备继续搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，得到润滑油。
实施例4
4.1耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油由以下重量份的组分组成：
4.2润滑油的制备步骤具体如下：
S1：体积比为2：1的潞安煤制油CTL4和CTL6混合液89份、水杨酸盐0.86份、二烷基二硫代磷酸盐0.85份、氯化石蜡1.2份、立方氮化硼0.68份、乙烯丙烯共聚物5.6份加入至容器中，并缓慢升温45～55℃；
S2：通过搅拌设备搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，并同步加入聚烯烃类化合物的降凝剂T803A和聚烯烃类抗泡剂；
S3：降温至室温，并通过搅拌设备继续搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，得到润滑油。
实施例5
5.1耐寒性能高低温流动性润滑油由以下重量份的组分组成：
5.2润滑油的制备步骤具体如下：
S1：体积比为2：1的潞安煤制油CTL4和CTL6混合液、水杨酸盐、二烷基二硫代磷酸盐、氯化石蜡、立方氮化硼、乙烯丙烯共聚物加入至容器中，并缓慢升温45～55℃；
S2：通过搅拌设备搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，并同步加入聚烯烃类化合物的降凝剂和非硅抗泡剂；
S3：降温至室温，并通过搅拌设备继续搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，得到润滑油。
实施例6：
6.1耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油由以下重量份组分组成：
6.2润滑油的制备步骤具体如下：
S1：体积比为1∶1的潞安煤制油CTL4和CTL6混合液、丁二酸酯和聚合物、二烷基二硫代磷酸盐、氯化石蜡、二硫化钨、氢化苯乙烯双烯共聚物5.5份加入至容器中，并缓慢升温45～55℃；
S2：通过搅拌设备搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，并同步加入聚α烯烃类化合物的降凝剂T803A和复合抗泡剂；
S3：降温至室温，并通过搅拌设备继续搅拌容器中的液体2～3小时，得到润滑油。
对比例1、2和3
将实施例1、2和3所用的煤制基础油分别替换为市售石蜡基基础油(例如，台塑的150N,100N)，其他组分和用量均不变，制得润滑油。
对比例4、5和6
将实施例4、5和6所用的煤制基础油分别替换为市售加氢基础油(例如，韩国双龙AramcoULTRA4、AramcoULTRA6)，其他组分和用量均不变，制得润滑油。
分别利用ASTM D5293检测方法和ASTM D97检测方法检测实施例1至6的润滑油的CCS@-35低温表观黏度和倾点/℃，结果见表1。
分别利用ASTM D5293检测方法和ASTM D97检测方法检测对比例1至6的润滑油的CCS@-35低温表观黏度和倾点/℃，结果见表2。
分别利用ASTM D5293检测方法ASTM D97检测方法检测市售润滑油的CCS@-35低温表观黏度和倾点/℃，结果见表3。
表1
表2
表3
比较表1和表2的数据说明了采用煤制基础油比正常的矿物石蜡基础油或加氢处理的基础油低温性能更佳。
比较表1和表3的数据说明了本发明的润滑油与市售的润滑油相比确实具有较好的耐寒性能，且在低温下润滑效果比较好。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油，其特征在于，所述润滑油包括以下质量份的组分：
基础油 85～90份，
清净分散剂 0.5～1份，
抗氧剂 0.7～2份，
减磨剂 0.4～1.2份，
极压剂 0.3～1份，
粘指剂 2～6份，
降凝剂 0.8～1.6份，
抗泡剂 0.8～1.6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油，其特征在于，所述基础油选自煤制油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油，其特征在于，所述清净分散剂选自石油磺酸盐、烷基酚盐、水杨酸盐、丁二酰亚胺、丁二酸酯，或其组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油，其特征在于，所述抗氧剂选自二烷基二硫代磷酸盐。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油，其特征在于，所述减磨剂选自硫化异丁烯、氯化石蜡，或其组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油，其特征在于，所述极压剂选自石墨、二硫化钼、立方氮化硼、二硫化钨，或其组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油，其特征在于，所述粘指剂选自聚异丁烯、乙烯丙烯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、氢化苯乙烯双烯共聚物，或其组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油，其特征在于，所述降凝剂选自聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油，其特征在于，所述抗泡剂选自二甲基硅油、非硅抗泡剂和复合抗泡剂，
优选地，所述非硅抗泡剂选自丙烯酸酯非硅型抗泡剂、聚烯烃类抗泡剂，和/或
优选地，所述复合抗泡剂选自丙烯酸酯非硅型抗泡剂与含硅抗泡剂的复配。
10.权利要求1至9任一项所述的耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1：将基础油、清净分散剂、抗氧剂、减磨剂、极压剂、粘指剂加入容器中，缓慢升温45~55℃；
S2：搅拌容器中的液体2~3小时，并同步加入降凝剂和抗泡剂；
S3：降温至室温，并继续搅拌容器中的液体2~3小时，得到所述耐寒性能高且低温流动性好的润滑油。
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