CN116535297A - 一种光催化分子氧氧化制备芳香酮的绿色间歇和连续方法及系统 - Google Patents
一种光催化分子氧氧化制备芳香酮的绿色间歇和连续方法及系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116535297A CN116535297A CN202310415256.8A CN202310415256A CN116535297A CN 116535297 A CN116535297 A CN 116535297A CN 202310415256 A CN202310415256 A CN 202310415256A CN 116535297 A CN116535297 A CN 116535297A
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/32—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C45/33—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties
- C07C45/34—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds
- C07C45/36—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds in compounds containing six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
- C07C201/12—Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C46/00—Preparation of quinones
- C07C46/02—Preparation of quinones by oxidation giving rise to quinoid structures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光催化分子氧氧化制备芳香酮的绿色间歇和连续方法及系统,具体为,反应体系无任何催化剂的条件下,原料芳香烷烃和氧气在光激发下发生氧化反应制备芳香酮化合物。进一步优化地,反应过程中不加入溶剂,完成氧化反应。对于连续反应系统,原料芳香烷烃为液体通过进料模块与气体氧化剂到达混合模块进行充分混合,后进入光反应模块,在光照条件下直接发生苄位氧化制备芳香酮。本发明公开一种无任何催化剂和溶剂的条件下,完成了芳香烷烃的苄位氧化制备一系列芳香酮化合物,并通过连续反应系统实现了芳香烷烃的连续苄位氧化,使得整体反应时间缩短,反应效率大大提高,整体反应条件温和绿色,安全高效,适合工业化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化合成技术领域,具体涉及一种光催化分子氧氧化制备芳香酮的绿色间歇和连续方法及系统。
背景技术
芳香酮及其衍生物是一类非常重要的羰基化合物,广泛存在于天然产物、药物分子、染料以及有机多功能材料当中。由于这类化合物在医药界、精细化工、农业、材料等领域存在广泛的应用,其制备方法已得到快速的发展,其中最直接的氧化方法为苄位C-H键的直接氧化羰基化。传统的制备方法大多都采用含钴、铁、锰、镍等金属催化剂,在双氧水、臭氧或叔丁基过氧化氢等强氧化剂下氧化制备芳香酮及其衍生物。该方法原子经济性低,强氧化剂存在过程危险,也存在金属残留问题。
目前,光催化氧化由于其绿色安全高效等优势,已然成为苄位C-H键氧化的主要合成方法之一。同时,分子氧是自然界中比较丰富的天然氧化剂,广泛应用于光催化氧化技术中。因此,通过光诱导光催化剂活化分子氧氧化苄位羰基化是较为理想的氧化策略。应用于苄位氧化羰基化的光催化剂主要分以下几类:光敏剂(如蒽醌类、吖啶盐、、曙红Y、核黄素等)、半导体光催化剂(如氮化碳、二氧化钛、硫化镉等)、金属催化剂(如Ce、Fe等)以及自由基引发剂(如NHPI、盐酸、四丁基溴化铵等)。这些光催化剂具有较好的催化剂活性,能适用大多数的芳香烷烃底物,然而在催化剂和溶剂的使用还有进一步优化的空间。此外,在间歇反应中,反应器的放大会导致光强度的衰减,从而弱化光催化的效果,存在难以工业化的问题。因此,本发明提供了一种绿色光催化苄位氧化制备芳香酮的方法及连续反应系统。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种绿色光催化苄位氧化制备芳香酮的方法及连续反应系统,凭借芳香烷烃以及芳香酮衍生物本身具有吸收光的性质(图1),以达到自催化自氧化的效果,使得反应中无需添加额外的催化剂。同时,还开发了无溶剂下的芳香烷烃光氧化制备芳香酮化合物的方法。利用连续反应器高效的传质传热的特性,强化了反应过程中气液传质的能力,提高了反应的效率,缩短了在间歇釜中的反应时间。依靠芳香烷烃本身液体的流动性质,连续反应器中也可避免溶剂的使用。相比较以往的光催化方法,本方法在无任何催化剂下实现光催化苄位的连续氧化,条件温和,环境友好,反应经济高效,具有工业化的潜力。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一方面,本发明提供了一种绿色光催化苄位氧化制备芳香酮的方法,在不添加任何光催化剂的条件下,原料芳香烷烃化合物,在光照条件下与氧化剂发生氧化反应制备芳香酮化合物;
进一步优选的,在上述技术方案中,所述方法的化学反应方程式为:
或为
或为
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的:
所述式I为芳香烃化合物所述式II为芳香酮化合物/>
所述式I或式II中,Ar选自具有取代基的苯环、吡啶环、噻吩环中的一种;R1选自甲基或苯环。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,当Ar为具有取代基的苯环时,芳香烃化合物式I的结构如式VIII所示:
其中,R1选自甲基或苯环;R4和R5各自独立的选自氢原子、卤素、氰基、羧基或芳基中的一种。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述芳香烷烃结构如式III:所述芳香烷烃结构如式IV芳香酮结构:/>其中:
R2和R3各自独立的选自氢、卤素、硝基、甲氧基或苯基中的一种,X选自CH2、O或S,n选自1~3中的整数。
对于上文所述的技术方案,优选的,所述式V或VI中,Y选自CH2,O或S中的一种,且:
当Y为O或S时,所述芳香酮结构如式VI:
当Y为CH2时,所述芳香酮结构如式VII:
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述方法添加或不添加溶剂都可,所述的溶剂为乙酸乙酯、二甲亚砜、丙酮、甲醇、乙腈、水,或以上溶剂任意两种混合。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述的芳香烷烃在溶剂中的浓度为0.25~1mol/L。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述的氧化剂为氧气或含有氧的混合气(例如空气);
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述的光源波长为254-400nm;所述照射光源强度为10~200W,进一步优选的,所述的反应时间为6-48小时;
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,当所述方法为固体的芳香烷烃无溶剂氧化时,先将芳香烃化合物与一定量硅胶充分混合,后将物料装与反应瓶中,抽真空通入氧化剂,最后在光照射下进行反应一定时间,制备芳香酮化合物。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述的硅胶为柱层层析硅胶,大小为200-400目。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述的芳香烷烃与硅胶质量比为1:2~5,进一步优选1:2~3。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种绿色光催化苄位氧化制备芳香酮的连续反应系统,所述微反应系统主要包括进料模块、混合模块和光反应模块,每个模块都通过管路串联。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述的进料模块为柱塞泵。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述的混合模块由填充玻璃珠的管路组成;所述填充玻璃珠的粒径为0.2~1.2mm;所述管路的管内径为0.8~2.0mm。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述的光反应模块由管路和照射光源组成;所述管路的管内径为0.8~2.0mm;所述管路材质为聚四氟乙烯(PFA);所述管路长度为1~50m(优选1~10m);所述照射光源波长为254~400nm(优选365~400nm);所述照射光源强度为10~200W。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,上述连续反应系统的方法为,芳香烷烃原料和溶剂预混合,或不加溶剂,然后通过进料系统和气体氧化剂按照设定流速进入混合模块进行充分混合,混合后进入光反应模块进行光催化反应,反应完成后继续通过混合模块,再次进入光反应模块,完成多次循环。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述连续反应系统的停留时间为50~160min,反应模块充分反应,循环多次,最后分离得到羰基化合物。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述溶剂为乙酸乙酯、二甲亚砜、丙酮、甲醇、乙腈、水,或以上溶剂任意两种混合,或不添加溶剂。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述芳香烷烃与溶剂的体积比为0.1~4:1,更优选的1~4:1。
对于上文所述的技术方案,进一步优选的,所述气体氧化剂的流速为5~50mL/min;进料模块的流速为0.5~5mL/min,气液流速比范围为1~100:1,优选的,气液的流速比范围为1~20:1。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明首次报道了在无任何光催化剂作用下的光催化苄位氧化制备羰基化合物的方法,相比较以往报道的催化方法,反应经济性好,操作简单;
(2)本发明采用的氧化剂为氧气或空气,使得反应原子经济性高;
(3)本发明还开发了无溶剂的催化氧化方法,对于固体芳香烷烃通过固相催化法也实现了无溶剂氧化,反应条件绿色化;
(4)本发明采用连续反应系统,大大缩短了反应时间,显著提高了反应的效率;
(5)本发明通过连续反应系统,制备工艺易操作易控制,安全性高,有更大的工业化潜力。
附图说明
图1A和B为不同浓度下四氢萘和四氢萘酮的紫外可见光吸收光谱图;
图2为本发明所述的连续反应系统。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明,以下通过实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但这些实施例并不限制本发明的范围。实施例中所用的试剂等原料均为市售试剂,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1-20间歇条件下光催化苄位氧化制备芳香酮化合物
具体步骤如下:在装有磁子的10mL的反应管中加入芳香烷烃(0.5mmol),加入溶剂1.5mL或不加入溶剂。将反应管密封并抽真空1分钟,然后供氧以保持氧气氛围。然后,将反应管至于30W390nm的光源下照射,反应管与光源距离2cm,在室温下照射规定时间。反应完成后,用水/二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩有机层,并通过柱色谱以石油醚/乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂纯化粗混合物,以获得芳香酮产物。
表1
实施例21-31间歇条件下固相催化法实现光催化苄位氧化制备芳香酮化合物
实施例21制备1-芴酮
称取芴(83mg,0.5mmol)和柱层层析硅胶(0.2g)于旋蒸瓶中,加入10mL二氯甲烷,充分混合后,旋蒸干燥,保证硅胶的流动性。然后密封,抽真空30s,通入氧气,置换3次。将旋蒸瓶置于旋转仪上,转速100r/min,并用40W390nm的光源照射,反应16小时。反应完成后,将硅胶粉上柱,过柱分离得到产物1-芴酮,收率60%。
实施例22制备蒽醌
称取9,10二氢蒽(90mg,0.5mmol)和柱层层析硅胶(0.2g)于旋蒸瓶中,加入10mL二氯甲烷,充分混合后,旋蒸干燥,保证硅胶的流动性。然后密封,抽真空30s,通入氧气,置换3次。将旋蒸瓶置于旋转仪上,转速100r/min,并用40W390nm的光源照射,反应8小时。反应完成后,将硅胶粉上柱,过柱分离得到产物蒽醌,收率75%。
实施例23制备4-乙酰基联苯
称取4-乙基联苯(91mg,0.5mmol)和柱层层析硅胶(0.2g)于旋蒸瓶中,加入10mL二氯甲烷,充分混合后,旋蒸干燥,保证硅胶的流动性。然后密封,抽真空30s,通入氧气,置换3次。将旋蒸瓶置于旋转仪上,转速100r/min,并用40W370nm的光源照射,反应16小时。反应完成后,将硅胶粉上柱,过柱分离得到产物4-乙酰基联苯,收率47%。
实施例24制备1-苊酮
称取二氢苊(77mg,0.5mmol)和柱层层析硅胶(0.2g)于旋蒸瓶中,加入10mL二氯甲烷,充分混合后,旋蒸干燥,保证硅胶的流动性。然后密封,抽真空30s,通入氧气,置换3次。将旋蒸瓶置于旋转仪上,转速100r/min,并用40W370nm的光源照射,反应12小时。反应完成后,将硅胶粉上柱,过柱分离得到产物1-苊酮,收率50%。
实施例25制备4-乙酰基苯甲酸
称取4-乙基苯甲酸(75mg,0.5mmol)和柱层层析硅胶(0.2g)于旋蒸瓶中,加入10mL二氯甲烷,充分混合后,旋蒸干燥,保证硅胶的流动性。然后密封,抽真空30s,通入氧气,置换3次。将旋蒸瓶置于旋转仪上,转速100r/min,并用40W370nm的光源照射,反应12小时。反应完成后,将硅胶粉上柱,过柱分离得到产物4-乙酰基苯甲酸,收率24%。
实施例26制备2-乙酰基蒽醌
称取2-乙基蒽醌(118mg,0.5mmol)和柱层层析硅胶(0.25g)于旋蒸瓶中,加入10mL二氯甲烷,充分混合后,旋蒸干燥,保证硅胶的流动性。然后密封,抽真空30s,通入氧气,置换3次。将旋蒸瓶置于旋转仪上,转速100r/min,并用40W370nm的光源照射,反应16小时。反应完成后,将硅胶粉上柱,过柱分离得到产物2-乙酰基蒽醌,收率61%。
实施例27制备氧杂蒽酮
称取氧杂蒽(91mg,0.5mmol)和柱层层析硅胶(0.2g)于旋蒸瓶中,加入10mL二氯甲烷,充分混合后,旋蒸干燥,保证硅胶的流动性。然后密封,抽真空30s,通入氧气,置换3次。将旋蒸瓶置于旋转仪上,转速100r/min,并用40W370nm的光源照射,反应16小时。反应完成后,将硅胶粉上柱,过柱分离得到产物氧杂蒽酮,收率54%。
实施例28制备二苯甲酮
称取二苯甲烷(84mg,0.5mmol)和柱层层析硅胶(0.2g)于旋蒸瓶中,加入10mL二氯甲烷,充分混合后,旋蒸干燥,保证硅胶的流动性。然后密封,抽真空30s,通入氧气,置换3次。将旋蒸瓶置于旋转仪上,转速100r/min,并用40W370nm的光源照射,反应12小时。反应完成后,将硅胶粉上柱,过柱分离得到产物二苯甲酮,收率62%。
实施例29制备4-氰基苯乙酮
称取4-乙基苯甲腈(65.5mg,0.5mmol)和柱层层析硅胶(0.2g)于旋蒸瓶中,加入10mL二氯甲烷,充分混合后,旋蒸干燥,保证硅胶的流动性。然后密封,抽真空30s,通入氧气,置换3次。将旋蒸瓶置于旋转仪上,转速100r/min,并用40W370nm的光源照射,反应16小时。反应完成后,将硅胶粉上柱,过柱分离得到产物4-氰基苯乙酮,收率49%。
实施例30制备4-溴苯乙酮
称取4-溴乙苯(92.5mg,0.5mmol)和柱层层析硅胶(0.2g)于旋蒸瓶中,加入10mL二氯甲烷,充分混合后,旋蒸干燥,保证硅胶的流动性。然后密封,抽真空30s,通入氧气,置换3次。将旋蒸瓶置于旋转仪上,转速100r/min,并用40W370nm的光源照射,反应12小时。反应完成后,将硅胶粉上柱,过柱分离得到产物4-溴苯乙酮,收率56%。
实施例31制备2-溴苯乙酮
称取2-溴乙苯(92.5mg,0.5mmol)和柱层层析硅胶(0.2g)于旋蒸瓶中,加入10mL二氯甲烷,充分混合后,旋蒸干燥,保证硅胶的流动性。然后密封,抽真空30s,通入氧气,置换3次。将旋蒸瓶置于旋转仪上,转速100r/min,并用40W370nm的光源照射,反应12小时。反应完成后,将硅胶粉上柱,过柱分离得到产物2-溴苯乙酮,收率50%。
表2
实施例32-38连续微反应光催化苄位氧化制备芳香酮
连续微反应系统参数设定:所有管路均为PFA管;混合模块保留体积为1mL,填充玻璃珠直径为0.6-0.8mm,管内径1.5mm;光反应模块保留体积为3mL,管内径0.8mm,光源为40W370nmKessilLight。
具体步骤如下(如图2):将30mmol芳香烷烃与一定体积的溶剂充分混合,或不加溶剂。芳香烷烃和气体氧化剂按设定流速进料。进入混合模块充分混合后,进入光反应模块反应。在微通道反应器中循环若干次,反应完成后,计算保留时间。收集反应液,用水/二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩有机层,并通过柱色谱以石油醚/乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂纯化粗混合物,以获得芳香酮产物。
表3
实施例39检测芳香酮核磁氢谱
不同实施例产物分别表征如下:
实施例1:4-硝基苯乙酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.38–8.26(m,2H),8.12(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),2.70(s,3H).
实施例2:4-溴苯乙酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.87–7.76(m,2H),7.60(dd,J=8.5,1.2Hz,2H),2.58(s,3H).
实施例3:4-羟基苯乙酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.92(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.65(s,1H),6.95(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),2.59(s,3H).
实施例4:2-溴苯乙酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.61(dd,J=8.0,1.3Hz,1H),7.46(dd,J=7.6,1.8Hz,1H),7.37(td,J=7.6,1.3Hz,1H),2.63(s,3H).
实施例5:4-苯基苯乙酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.09–7.99(m,2H),7.77–7.65(m,2H),7.66–7.60(m,2H),7.55–7.44(m,2H),7.43–7.36(m,1H),2.64(s,3H).
实施例6:二苯甲酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.01–7.71(m,4H),7.66–7.53(m,2H),7.47(dd,J=8.4,7.0Hz,4H).
实施例7:α-氯代苯乙酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.89(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.58–7.52(m,1H),7.43(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),4.65(s,2H).
实施例8:5,6,7,8-四氢喹啉-5-酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.61(dd,J=4.8,1.9Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.8,1.9Hz,1H),7.30–7.18(m,1H),3.10(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.63(dd,J=7.4,5.8Hz,2H),2.14(tt,J=7.5,5.8Hz,2H).
实施例9:1-异色满酮,1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.03(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.53(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.37(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.50(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),3.05(t,J=6.0Hz,2H)
实施例10:5H,6H,7H-环戊[b]吡啶-5-酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.82(dd,J=4.8,1.7Hz,1H),8.03(dd,J=7.7,1.8Hz,1H),7.41–7.31(m,1H),3.39–3.23(m,2H),2.92–2.75(m,2H).
实施例11:茚酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.29–6.82(m,4H),4.99–2.91(m,2H),2.62(q,J=8.8,5.4Hz,2H).
实施例12:苯酞,1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.86(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.62(td,J=7.6,0.9Hz,1H),7.55-7.38(m,2H),5.26(s,2H).
实施例13:1-萘乙酮,1HNMR(CDCl3,500MHz)δ8.64(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.78(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.39(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.34(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),2.60(s,3H)
实施例14:2-正丁酰噻吩,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.85–6.83(m,1H),6.59(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.45(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),3.68–3.08(m,2H),2.75(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),1.92(p,J=6.4Hz,2H).
实施例15:占吨酮,1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.23(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.62-7.58(m,2H),7.35(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.26(t,J=7.2Hz,2H)
实施例16:1-苊酮,1HNMR(CDCl3,600MHz):δ8.09(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.72(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.61-7.59(m,1H),7.47(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.82(s,2H)
实施例17:芴酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.57(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.47–7.33(m,4H),7.20(td,J=7.3,1.5Hz,2H)
实施例18:蒽醌,1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.35-8.31(m,4H,ArH),7.83-7.79(m,4H,ArH)
实施例19:2-乙酰基蒽醌,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.74(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.56–8.13(m,4H),7.82(dd,J=5.9,3.3Hz,2H),2.74(s,3H).
实施例20:四氢萘酮,1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.03(dd,J=7.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.46(td,J=7.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.36–7.10(m,2H),2.96(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.65(t,J=7.3,6.1Hz,2H),2.27–1.97(m,2H).
实施例25:4-乙酰基苯甲酸,1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz,ppm):13.34(s,1H),8.05(t,4H),2.63(s,3H)
实施例29:4-氰基苯乙酮,1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δppm8.04(d,J=CN8.4Hz,2H),7.77(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),2.64(s,3H);
实施例40检测紫外可见光吸收光谱
检测不同浓度下四氢萘和四氢萘酮的紫外可见光吸收光谱;结果如图1A和B,由图示结果分析可知,四氢萘和四氢萘酮分别在300-350nm和350-400nm的区段内有吸收,说明在近紫外光照射下可被激发成激发态形式参与氧化反应。
以上内容是结合本发明具体的优选实施例对本发明做的进一步阐述,不能认定本发明的具体实施只限于这些说明。对于任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的技术范围内,做出些许变动或者修饰,均将被视为涵盖在本发明的权利要求之内。
Claims (22)
1.一种绿色光催化苄位氧化制备芳香酮的方法,其特征在于,无任何催化剂的条件下,原料芳香烷烃化合物,在光照条件下与分子氧或其他氧化剂发生氧化反应制备芳香酮化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法的化学反应方程式为:
或为
或为
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述式I或式II中,Ar选自具有取代基的苯环、吡啶环、噻吩环中的一种;R1选自甲基或苯环。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于:
当所述Ar为具有取代基的苯环时,式I的结构如式VIII所示:
其中,R1选自甲基或苯环;R4和R5各自独立的选自氢原子、卤素、氰基、羧基或芳基中的一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述式III或式IV中,R2和R3各自独立的选自氢、卤素、硝基、甲氧基或苯基中的一种,X选自CH2、O或S,n选自1~3中的整数。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述式V或VI中,Y选自CH2,O或S中的一种,且:
当Y为O或S时,所述芳香酮结构如式VI:
当Y为CH2时,所述芳香酮结构如式VII:
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述方法添加或不添加溶剂都可,所述的溶剂选自乙酸乙酯、二甲亚砜、丙酮、甲醇、乙腈或水中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的芳香烷烃在溶剂中的浓度为0.25~1mol/L。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的氧化剂为氧气或含有氧的混合气。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的光源波长为254-400nm,所述照射光源强度为10~200W。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的反应时间为6-48小时。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:当所述方法为固体的芳香烷烃无溶剂氧化时,先将芳香烃化合物与一定量硅胶充分混合后,于真空条件下,通入氧化剂,并光照制备芳香酮化合物。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的硅胶为柱层层析硅胶,大小为200-400目。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的芳香烃化合物与硅胶的质量比为1:2~5。
15.一种用于权利要求1所述方法的连续反应系统,其特征在于,所述连续反应系统包括串联的进料模块、混合模块和光反应模块;所述进料模块为柱塞泵。
16.根据权利要求15所述的连续反应系统,其特征在于,混合模块由填充玻璃珠的管路组成;所述填充玻璃珠的粒径为0.2~1.2mm;所述管路的管内径为0.8~2.0mm。
17.根据权利要求15所述的连续反应系统,其特征在于,光反应模块由管路和照射光源组成;所述管路的管内径为0.8~2.0mm;所述管路材质为聚四氟乙烯;所述管路长度为1~50m;所述照射光源波长为254~400nm;所述照射光源强度为10~200W。
18.根据权利要求15所述的连续反应系统,其特征在于,该系统使用过程中,芳香烷烃原料和溶剂预混合,或不加溶剂,然后通过进料模块和气体氧化剂按照设定流速进入混合模块进行充分混合,混合后进入光反应模块进行光催化反应,反应完成后继续通过混合模块,再次进入光反应模块,完成多次循环。
19.根据权利要求18所述的连续反应系统,其特征在于,连续反应系统的停留时间为50~160min;反应模块充分反应,循环多次,最后分离得到羰基化合物。
20.根据权利要求18所述的连续反应系统,其特征在于,所述溶剂选自乙酸乙酯、二甲亚砜、丙酮、甲醇、乙腈或水中的至少一种。
21.根据权利要求18所述的连续反应系统,其特征在于,所述芳香烷烃与溶剂的体积比为0.1~4:1。
22.根据权利要求18所述的连续反应系统,其特征在于,气体氧化剂的流速为5~50mL/min;进料模块的流速为0.5~5mL/min,气液流速比范围为1~100:1。
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