CN116535183A - Straw-based light building composite material and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Straw-based light building composite material and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116535183A CN116535183A CN202310506825.XA CN202310506825A CN116535183A CN 116535183 A CN116535183 A CN 116535183A CN 202310506825 A CN202310506825 A CN 202310506825A CN 116535183 A CN116535183 A CN 116535183A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- straw
- composite material
- building
- based light
- gypsum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011489 building insulation material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004414 compression moulding compound Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002159 adsorption--desorption isotherm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IQYKECCCHDLEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].ClOCl IQYKECCCHDLEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/144—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a straw-based light building composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of green building heat-insulating materials. The prepared composite material is prepared by taking waste crop straws as a main raw material, dividing straw crushed aggregates into three types according to the length, mixing the straw crushed aggregates through different thickness ratios, pouring gypsum slurry into the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain a compression molding mixture, and finally carrying out cold press molding. The straw-based light building composite material is simple and convenient to operate, low in manufacturing cost, good in heat preservation, heat insulation, moisture absorption, moisture resistance, flame retardance, fire resistance and the like, and meets the mechanical property requirement of bearing the weight of the composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, relates to a light and green building material, and in particular relates to a straw-based light building composite material and preparation and application thereof.
Background
Straw is a porous material with a multi-layer structure, which provides good thermal properties while its porosity enables the material to exchange water vapor with the surrounding humid air, regulating fluctuations in relative humidity. Therefore, the method has important practical significance for promoting reasonable development and utilization of crop straws.
At present, related researches on straw building materials are various. The proportion of straw components in the composite material can be mainly divided into two types. One is that the straw is used as an additive, and is added into a building material matrix after modification to improve the mechanical property of the building material. The other is prepared by mixing various adhesives and additives together by taking crushed straw or powder as a main component. The adhesives used in the materials can be mainly divided into three types of synthetic resin adhesives, biological adhesives and inorganic adhesives. Synthetic resin adhesives such as phenolic resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, isocyanates and the like generally have the problems of formaldehyde release, high cost and the like. Biological adhesives such as starch, protein, etc. have major drawbacks in the bond strength. And widely used inorganic adhesives such as magnesium oxychloride and silicate have long curing time and are easy to generate warp deformation due to moisture.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the straw-based light building composite material and the preparation and application thereof, crop straws are used as main raw materials, building gypsum is used as a binder, waste straw resources are fully utilized, the production cost is effectively reduced, and the excellent mechanical property of the building composite material is ensured. The prepared straw-based light building material has the characteristics of low density, low cost, low heat conduction, recoverability and the like, and is beneficial to the construction of energy-saving buildings.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a straw-based light building composite material consists of straw crushed aggregates, gypsum powder and water, wherein the ratio of the straw crushed aggregates to the gypsum powder is 1:0.9-1.1 by weight.
In one embodiment, the straw is one or more of rice straw, wheat straw, barley straw, corn straw and sorghum straw, and the initial water content is less than 12%; the gypsum is desulfurized building gypsum.
In one embodiment, the crushed straw materials are divided into three types of less than 1cm, 1-3cm and 3-5cm according to the length of the straw, and different straw length ratios are selected according to the height of a building and the heat preservation and moisture preservation requirements of required materials, and particularly relates to the height of a building wall and the climatic environment where the building wall is located.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the straw-based light building composite material, which adopts a cold press molding and natural curing method and comprises the following steps:
step (1), a part of total water consumption is sprayed into the straw crushed aggregates, and the straw crushed aggregates are pre-wetted;
step (2), mixing the residual water consumption with gypsum powder, and uniformly stirring to prepare gypsum slurry;
step (3), uniformly stirring the gypsum slurry and the pre-wetted straw scraps to obtain a compression molding mixture;
and (4) filling the compression molding mixture into a mold, placing the mold on a press, and performing cold press molding and natural curing to obtain the straw-based light building composite material.
In one embodiment, the total water usage is calculated according to a mass ratio of the water paste of 1.0-1.2.
In one embodiment, the step (1) is performed by spraying 20% -25% of the total water to the crushed straw.
In one embodiment, the step (1) is that firstly, the straws are put into a crusher to be crushed to obtain straw crushed aggregates with different lengths, the straw crushed aggregates are divided into three types of <1cm, 1-3cm and 3-5cm according to the length of the straws, and then the straw crushed aggregates are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of different lengths; the stirring speed is 60-80r/min, and the stirring time is 45-60s; and (3) stirring at the speed of 60-80r/min for 45-60s.
In one embodiment, the step (4) is to select a proper mold according to the size of the required material, control the pressure to be 0.6-1.0MPa, maintain the pressure for 10-20min, release the pressure, place at room temperature for 8-15min, then take off the film, and naturally maintain for 3-7d.
The straw-based light building composite material can be used for preparing green building heat-insulating materials, and in specific application, different straw length ratios can be selected according to the height of a wall, wherein smaller straws fill gaps among larger straws, the compactness of the composite material is improved, and therefore the composite material can bear larger wall height.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The waste straw used is wide in source and low in manufacturing cost, and the utilization rate of the straw is improved. In addition, the abundant pore structure inside the straw provides good thermal performance.
(2) By controlling the thickness ratio of the straw crushed aggregates, composite materials with different density grades are prepared according to different using conditions.
(2) The gypsum is used as the binder to prepare the light building composite material, and the effects of moisture absorption, moisture prevention, fire prevention and flame retardance can be achieved.
(3) The prepared straw-based light building composite material has the advantages of simple process, easy operation, good heat preservation and insulation effects, and capability of naturally adjusting the humidity of the air in the building and improving the living comfort.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a straw-based lightweight building composite material.
Fig. 2 is an adsorption-desorption isotherm plot of a straw-based lightweight construction composite.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more apparent, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
As described above, when straw is used for a building material, it is added as an additive to a matrix, but the mechanical properties of the building material can be improved, but the amount of straw is small, and the straw is difficult to apply on a large scale. When the adhesive is used as a main component, the adhesive used is polluted, the cost is high, the bonding strength is insufficient, the curing time is long, and in a word, the actual requirement is difficult to meet.
Thus, the invention provides a straw-based light building composite material, which consists of straw crushed aggregates, gypsum powder and water, wherein the proportion of the straw crushed aggregates to the gypsum powder is 1:0.9-1.1 by weight, for example, when the weight of the straw is 50 parts, the gypsum can be 45-55 parts, and the water can be 45-66 parts generally. That is, in the composite material, the straw content is extremely high, and is used as a main component, and at the moment, the gypsum powder is used as an adhesive and is also used as another main component.
In the prior art, gypsum is mainly used as a partition wall, a ceiling or a wall lining in the field of building materials. The invention is used as adhesive, on one hand, the moisture absorption is high, the adhesive can be well combined with natural fibers, on the other hand, the adhesive is light in weight, high in strength and low in heat conductivity coefficient, and can adjust indoor temperature and humidity, and meanwhile, the adhesive is a natural A-level fireproof material, so that the composite material combined with the natural fibers is particularly suitable for green building heat insulation materials.
In the embodiment of the invention, the straw can be one or more of rice straw, wheat straw, barley straw, corn straw and sorghum straw, and the initial water content is less than 12%; the gypsum can be desulfurized building gypsum.
That is, the present invention is not limited to the kind of straw, and common straw is suitable for the present invention. However, the initial water content cannot be too high, and molding is not facilitated because mildew and rot are easily generated when the water content is too high. Meanwhile, the desulfurization building gypsum is selected in the embodiment, which is because of the good gelatinization property, low carbon and environmental protection.
In the embodiment of the invention, the crushed straw materials are prepared by crushing straw, and are divided into three types of <1cm, 1-3cm and 3-5cm according to the length of the straw, when the crushed straw materials are specifically used, different straw length ratios can be selected according to the height of a building and the heat preservation and moisture preservation requirements of required materials, the compressive strength of the bottommost materials when the bottommost materials are not damaged is calculated according to the height of the wall, and meanwhile, the compactness and the size type of the materials are selected according to the heat preservation and moisture preservation requirements required by the environment.
The straw-based light building composite material can be prepared by adopting a cold press molding and natural curing method, and as shown in fig. 1, the straw-based light building composite material mainly comprises the following steps:
and (1) taking a part of the total water consumption to spray into the straw crushed aggregates, and pre-wetting the straw crushed aggregates.
The main purpose of this step is to allow the surface of the straw to absorb a certain amount of moisture by pre-wetting the straw particles, better mixing with the gypsum slurry.
The total water consumption in the step refers to the total external water consumption, and can be calculated according to the proper range of the mass ratio of the water paste to 1.0-1.2. Generally, the requirement of the step can be met by taking 20% -25% of the total water consumption.
The crushed straw materials in the step can be three types of crushed straw materials with different lengths according to the previous description. Specifically, firstly, putting the straws into a crusher for crushing, dividing the straws according to the lengths of the straws, and uniformly mixing the straw crushed aggregates according to different lengths according to the needs.
And (2) mixing the residual water consumption with gypsum powder, and uniformly stirring to prepare gypsum slurry.
For example, the stirring speed may be 60-80r/min and the stirring time may be 45-60s. That is, stirring can be completed in less than 1 min.
The purpose of this step is to prepare a gypsum slurry of suitable concentration that is compatible with the pre-moistened straw particles for use in the next step.
And (3) uniformly stirring the gypsum slurry and the pre-wetted straw scraps to obtain a compression molding mixture.
For example, the stirring speed may be 60-80r/min and the stirring time may be 45-60s. That is, stirring can be completed in less than 1 min.
And (4) filling the compression molding mixture into a mold, placing the mold on a press, and performing cold press molding and natural curing to obtain the straw-based light building composite material.
In specific application, a proper mold can be selected according to the size of the required material, the pressure is controlled to be 0.6-1.0MPa, the pressure is maintained for 10-20min, the mold is released after the pressure is released, the mold is released after the mold is placed at room temperature for 8-15min, and the natural curing is performed for 3-7d.
Obviously, the preparation process is simple and convenient to operate and low in cost.
When the straw-based light building composite material is used for preparing the green building heat-insulating material, the compressive strength of the bottommost material when the bottommost material is not damaged can be calculated according to the wall height, so that different straw length ratios are selected, smaller straws fill gaps among larger straws, the compactness of the composite material is improved, and the composite material can bear larger wall height. It will be readily understood that smaller, larger, herein refers to the concept of "relative", e.g., 1-3cm straw, "larger" relative to <1cm straw, and "smaller" relative to 3-5cm straw. The obtained material has good heat preservation and insulation, moisture absorption and prevention, flame retardance and fire resistance and other performances, and can meet the mechanical property requirement of bearing the self weight.
For example, straw particles with straw length of <1cm are used as a first class, straw particles with straw length of 1-3cm are used as a second class, and straw particles with straw length of 3-5cm are used as a third class, and the mass percentages are as follows:
when the ratio of the first class to the second class to the third class is 1:3:1, the obtained material can be used for a 4m high wall;
when the ratio of the first class, the second class and the third class is 3:1:1, the obtained material can be used for 6m high wall.
The following are several specific examples of the preparation and application of the present invention.
Example 1
A straw-based light building composite material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) 1200g of wheat straw is collected, dried until the water content is less than 12%, and added into a straw pulverizer to be pulverized, so that three types of straw particles with different sizes are obtained, namely <1cm, 1-3cm and 3-5cm respectively.
(2) 200g of crushed straw with the size of less than 1cm and 600g of crushed straw with the size of 1-3cm and 200g of crushed straw with the size of 3-5cm are respectively taken and placed in a stirrer to be uniformly mixed.
(3) Weighing 1100g of total water consumption, wherein 220g of water is used for pre-wetting the straws and is uniformly sprayed into the mixed straw crushed aggregates.
(4) 1000g of desulfurized building gypsum powder is weighed, and the rest 880g of water is mixed with the gypsum powder and stirred uniformly; the stirring speed is 60r/min, and the stirring time is 60s.
(5) The gypsum slurry was poured into the pre-wetted straw pieces and stirred at 60r/min for 45s to obtain a compression molding compound.
(6) Paving the prepared mixture into a die with the thickness of 300mm multiplied by 100mm, controlling the pressure to be 0.6MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min, releasing the pressure, standing at room temperature for 15min, demoulding, pressing to form a composite material with the thickness of 300mm multiplied by 50mm, and curing for 3d under natural conditions to obtain the straw-based light building composite material.
(7) The compressive strength of the composite material is tested to be 0.032MPa; density of 0.31g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.051W/(m.K); the fire-proof grade of the composite material is GB 8624B through the test of the combustibility 1 The grade has better flame retardant effect; the adsorption-desorption experiment proves that the composite material is a high-moisture-absorption material and has good moisture absorption performance, as shown in figure 2.
Based on the performance, the composite material can be used for building materials with better heat preservation and moisture preservation requirements under 4m high wall.
Example 2
A straw-based light building composite material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) 1200g of barley straw is collected, dried until the water content is less than 12%, and added into a straw pulverizer to be pulverized, so that three types of straw particles with different sizes are obtained, namely <1cm, 1-3cm and 3-5cm respectively.
(2) 600g of crushed straw with the size of 0-1cm, 200g of straw with the size of 1-3cm and 200g of straw with the size of 3-5cm are respectively taken and placed in a stirrer to be uniformly mixed.
(3) Weighing 1000g of total water consumption, wherein 250g of water is used for pre-wetting the straws and is uniformly sprayed into the mixed straw crushed aggregates.
(4) 1000g of desulfurized building gypsum powder is weighed, and the rest 750g of water is mixed with the gypsum powder and stirred uniformly; the stirring speed is 60r/min, and the stirring time is 60s.
(5) The gypsum slurry was poured into the pre-wetted straw pieces and stirred at 80r/min for 45s to obtain a compression molding compound.
(6) Paving the prepared mixture into a die with the thickness of 300mm multiplied by 100mm, controlling the pressure to be 0.6MPa, maintaining the pressure for 15min, releasing the pressure, standing at room temperature for 10min, demoulding, pressing to form a composite material with the thickness of 300mm multiplied by 50mm, and curing for 3d under natural conditions to obtain the straw-based light building composite material.
(7) Testing the compressive strength of the composite material to be 0.063MPa; density of 0.37g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.062W/(m.K); the fire-proof grade of the composite material is GB 8624B through the test of the combustibility 1 The grade has better flame retardant effect; the adsorption-desorption experiment proves that the composite material is a high-moisture-absorption material and has good moisture absorption performance, as shown in figure 2.
Based on the performance, the composite material can be used for building materials with general heat preservation and moisture preservation requirements under 6m high wall.
Example 3
A straw-based light building composite material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) Collecting 300g of rice and corn straws, airing until the water content is less than 12%, and adding the rice and corn straws into a straw pulverizer to pulverize to obtain three types of straw crushed aggregates with different sizes, namely <1cm, 1-3cm and 3-5cm.
(2) Respectively taking 100g of crushed straw with the length of less than 1cm, 300g of straw with the length of 1-3cm and 100g of straw with the length of 3-5cm, and uniformly mixing the materials in a stirrer.
(3) 546g of total water consumption is weighed, wherein 120g of water is used for pre-wetting the straws and is uniformly sprayed into the mixed straw crushed aggregates.
(4) 455g of desulfurized building gypsum powder is weighed, and the rest 426g of water is mixed with the gypsum powder and stirred uniformly; the stirring speed was 70r/min and the stirring time was 50s.
(5) The gypsum slurry was poured into the pre-wetted straw pieces and stirred at 60r/min for 50s to obtain a compression molding compound.
(6) Paving the prepared mixture into a mold with the thickness of 400mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 100mm, controlling the pressure to be 0.8MPa, maintaining the pressure for 20min, releasing the pressure, standing at room temperature for 12min, demoulding, pressing to form a composite material with the thickness of 400mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 30mm, and curing for 7d under natural conditions to obtain the straw-based light building composite material.
(7) The compressive strength of the composite material is tested to be 0.026MPa, and the requirement of bearing the dead weight of the material can be met under the normal use condition of a 3m high wall bodyThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Density of 0.29g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.042W/(m.K); the fire-proof grade of the composite material is GB 8624B through the test of the combustibility 1 The grade has better flame retardant effect; the adsorption-desorption experiment proves that the composite material is a high-moisture-absorption material and has good moisture absorption performance, as shown in figure 2.
Based on the performance, the composite material can be used for building materials with better heat preservation and moisture preservation requirements under a 3m high wall.
Claims (10)
1. The straw-based light building composite material is characterized by comprising straw crushed aggregates, gypsum powder and water, wherein the ratio of the straw crushed aggregates to the gypsum powder is 1:0.9-1.1 by weight.
2. The straw-based light building composite material according to claim 1, wherein the straw is one or more of rice straw, wheat straw, barley straw, corn straw and sorghum straw, and the initial water content is less than 12%; the gypsum is desulfurized building gypsum.
3. The straw-based lightweight building composite material according to claim 1, wherein the straw particles are divided into three types of <1cm, 1-3cm and 3-5cm according to straw length, and different straw length ratios are selected according to building height and the heat preservation and moisture preservation requirements of required materials, in particular to building wall height and climatic environment.
4. The method for preparing the straw-based lightweight building composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized by adopting a cold press molding and natural curing method and comprising the following steps:
step (1), a part of total water consumption is sprayed into the straw crushed aggregates, and the straw crushed aggregates are pre-wetted;
step (2), mixing the residual water consumption with gypsum powder, and uniformly stirring to prepare gypsum slurry;
step (3), uniformly stirring the gypsum slurry and the pre-wetted straw scraps to obtain a compression molding mixture;
and (4) filling the compression molding mixture into a mold, placing the mold on a press, and performing cold press molding and natural curing to obtain the straw-based light building composite material.
5. The method for preparing the straw-based lightweight building composite material according to claim 4, wherein the total water consumption is calculated according to a mass ratio of 1.0-1.2, and 20% -25% of the total water consumption is sprayed into the straw particles.
6. The method for preparing the straw-based lightweight building composite material according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), straw is firstly put into a crusher to be crushed, straw crushed materials with different lengths are obtained, the straw crushed materials are divided into three types of <1cm, 1-3cm and 3-5cm according to the length of the straw, and then the straw crushed materials are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of different lengths; the stirring speed is 60-80r/min, and the stirring time is 45-60s; and (3) stirring at the speed of 60-80r/min for 45-60s.
7. The method for preparing the straw-based light building composite material according to claim 4, wherein in the step (4), a proper mold is selected according to the size of the required material, the pressure is controlled to be 0.6-1.0MPa, the pressure is maintained for 10-20min, the composite material is left at room temperature for 8-15min after the pressure is released, the composite material is taken off, and the composite material is naturally maintained for 3-7d.
8. The use of the straw-based lightweight building composite material of claim 1 in the preparation of green building insulation materials.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein different straw length ratios are selected according to wall height, wherein smaller straw fills the gaps between larger straw, improving the compactness of the composite.
10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that the first type of straw particles with a straw length of <1cm, the second type of straw particles with a straw length of 1-3cm and the third type of straw particles with a straw length of 3-5cm are used, then the following mass percentages are given:
when the ratio of the first class to the second class to the third class is 1:3:1, the wall is used for a 4m high wall;
when the ratio of the first class to the second class to the third class is 3:1:1, the wall is used for a 6m high wall.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310506825.XA CN116535183A (en) | 2023-05-06 | 2023-05-06 | Straw-based light building composite material and preparation and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310506825.XA CN116535183A (en) | 2023-05-06 | 2023-05-06 | Straw-based light building composite material and preparation and application thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116535183A true CN116535183A (en) | 2023-08-04 |
Family
ID=87451791
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310506825.XA Pending CN116535183A (en) | 2023-05-06 | 2023-05-06 | Straw-based light building composite material and preparation and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116535183A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102514075A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-06-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Garlic straw plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN104649639A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-05-27 | 张蕾 | Method for preparing desulfurization gypsum and cotton stalk fibre composite wall material |
| CN107042571A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-15 | 中南林业科技大学 | Raw bamboo enhancing crop branch fiber base fire resistant doorsets material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108948770A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-07 | 天津市建筑材料科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of method that stalk prepares flame retardant type building board |
| KR20220079238A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-13 | (주)알에스건재 | Buffer mortar composition using fine rice husk aggregate |
| CN114773015A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-22 | 绿聚能居建筑科技有限公司 | Modified raw soil heat-insulation structure integrated building wall material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115477488A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-12-16 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Fiber-reinforced toughened composite phase change material and preparation and application thereof |
-
2023
- 2023-05-06 CN CN202310506825.XA patent/CN116535183A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102514075A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-06-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Garlic straw plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN104649639A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-05-27 | 张蕾 | Method for preparing desulfurization gypsum and cotton stalk fibre composite wall material |
| CN107042571A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-15 | 中南林业科技大学 | Raw bamboo enhancing crop branch fiber base fire resistant doorsets material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108948770A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-07 | 天津市建筑材料科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of method that stalk prepares flame retardant type building board |
| KR20220079238A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-13 | (주)알에스건재 | Buffer mortar composition using fine rice husk aggregate |
| CN114773015A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-22 | 绿聚能居建筑科技有限公司 | Modified raw soil heat-insulation structure integrated building wall material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115477488A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-12-16 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Fiber-reinforced toughened composite phase change material and preparation and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 向才旺: "《建筑装饰材料》", 29 February 2004, 中国建筑工业出版社, pages: 209 - 210 * |
| 岳孔;李萌禹;刘健;王璐;刘伟庆;陆伟东: "麦秸石膏复合材料力学性能和抗火性能研究", 农业工程学报, no. 018, pages 308 - 316 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100522867C (en) | Polystyrene foam particle heat-insulating mortar | |
| CN102850032B (en) | Seepage-proof thermal insulation wall material containing fibrous material | |
| CN105565750A (en) | Formula of poplar and maize straw brick and production method for poplar and maize straw brick | |
| CN101880149A (en) | Phase-change and energy-storage desulfurized gypsum interior wall thermal-insulation mortar | |
| CN102040361A (en) | Modified self-insulating composite external wall material | |
| CN102643055B (en) | EPS (Expandable Polystyrene) lightweight aggregate concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105269642A (en) | Antiflaming straw big core board and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN102234184B (en) | Macromoleclar polymer thermoregulation energy-storage insulation mortar | |
| CN105060803A (en) | Cement-based binder having functions of moisture resistance and thermal insulation | |
| CN104529321B (en) | Layered composite phase change energy storage building material | |
| CN108129108A (en) | A kind of Novel wall body heat insulation material and its preparation process | |
| CN102444216A (en) | Inorganic fireproof heat insulation board and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103641416B (en) | A kind of heat-insulating construction material | |
| CN101531491A (en) | Fireproof anti-cracking high-strength potential heat mortar | |
| CN106242448A (en) | A kind of aeroge is combined wood particle board and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104072064B (en) | Adopt paper white sludge to prepare the method for light cement/bamboo wood composite | |
| CN108658562A (en) | A kind of environmental protection graphite plasterboard and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102127946A (en) | Energy-saving and environmentally friendly novel building block with low volume weight | |
| CN116535183A (en) | Straw-based light building composite material and preparation and application thereof | |
| CN109437802B (en) | Sulphoaluminate cement assembled integrated inner wall and preparation method thereof | |
| CN1792967A (en) | Shell type expending pearlite thermal insulating bones material and preparation process thereof | |
| CN1528701A (en) | Composite theremal-preserving heat-insulating material | |
| CN113912371A (en) | Anti-cracking waterproof rammed earth wall and construction method thereof | |
| CN103669769A (en) | Self thermoregulation phase-change energy storage heat preserving decorative composite plate | |
| CN101318803B (en) | Heat insulating material for flume and its preparation method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |