CN116526821A - Chip, direct current-direct current circuit and control method thereof - Google Patents
Chip, direct current-direct current circuit and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116526821A CN116526821A CN202310678501.4A CN202310678501A CN116526821A CN 116526821 A CN116526821 A CN 116526821A CN 202310678501 A CN202310678501 A CN 202310678501A CN 116526821 A CN116526821 A CN 116526821A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0025—Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/322—Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a chip, a direct current-direct current circuit and a control method thereof. According to the output voltage, initial reference voltages with different magnitudes are regulated and output; when the output voltage is needed, the control unit takes the initial reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end as a control target, and controls the conversion unit to output a voltage matched with the initial reference voltage. When the output voltage is required to be stopped, the reference voltage conversion unit converts the initial reference voltage output by the initial reference voltage end into a variable reference voltage which is gradually reduced to zero from the initial reference voltage along with time, the process time is a first time, the control unit takes the variable reference voltage as a control target, the conversion unit is controlled to output a voltage which is matched with the variable reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end and gradually reduced to zero along with time, and the process lasts for a second time; the second time period is the same as the first time period. This embodiment facilitates the power down design of the later stage circuit.
Description
The present application is a divisional application of an invention patent application with application number 2023100309584, which is named as a chip, a direct current-direct current circuit and a control method thereof, and with application number 2023, 01 and 10.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of circuits, in particular to a chip, a direct current-direct current circuit and a control method thereof.
Background
The dc-dc circuit (i.e., a dc voltage-to-dc voltage circuit) is commonly found in various electronic devices, and includes a dc input terminal, a control unit, a conversion unit (e.g., including a power switch tube, an inductor, a capacitor, etc.), a feedback circuit, and a reference voltage terminal, where the control unit uses a reference voltage output from the reference voltage terminal as a control target, and controls the conversion unit to convert the dc voltage output from the dc input terminal to obtain an output voltage (e.g., N times of the reference voltage) that matches the reference voltage, where the feedback circuit reduces the output voltage by a suitable sampling ratio (e.g., 1/N, e.g., in the case of a feedback circuit implemented by a feedback resistor string) and then feeds back the reduced output voltage to the control unit, where the control unit can implement maintaining the output voltage by maintaining the voltage control of the feedback at the control target of the reference voltage.
When the dc-dc circuit is turned off, the electric energy stored in the capacitor of the conversion unit needs to be discharged in order to protect the load of the dc-dc circuit. In the prior art, some dc-dc circuits are added with additional bleeder circuits, and when the dc-dc circuits are turned off, the bleeder circuits are controlled to be turned on to bleed the electric energy on the capacitor; in other dc-dc circuits, when the dc-dc circuit is turned off, the lower tube of the converter unit is turned on to discharge the electric energy on the capacitor. However, the above-mentioned known technique cannot realize effective control of the duration of discharging the electric energy from the capacitor, that is, the power-down duration of the output terminal of the dc-dc circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above-mentioned current situation, a main objective of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a chip, a dc-dc circuit and a control method thereof, so as to effectively control the power failure duration of the output end of the dc-dc circuit.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a DC-DC circuit comprises a control unit, an initial reference voltage terminal, a conversion unit, a reference voltage conversion unit and a conversion reference voltage terminal. When the direct current-direct current circuit needs to output voltage, the control unit takes the initial reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end as a control target to control the conversion unit to output voltage matched with the initial reference voltage. When the direct current-direct current circuit needs to stop outputting voltage, the reference voltage conversion unit converts the initial reference voltage output by the initial reference voltage end into a variable reference voltage which gradually decreases to zero along with time from the initial reference voltage and outputs the variable reference voltage to the conversion reference voltage end, and the control unit takes the variable reference voltage as a control target and controls the conversion unit to output a voltage which gradually decreases to zero along with time and is matched with the variable reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end.
A control method of a direct current-direct current circuit comprises the following steps: when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to output voltage, the control unit takes the initial reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end as a control target, and controls the conversion unit to output voltage matched with the initial reference voltage. When the direct current-direct current circuit needs to stop outputting voltage, the reference voltage conversion unit converts the initial reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end into a variable reference voltage which gradually decreases to zero along with time from the initial reference voltage and outputs the variable reference voltage to the conversion reference voltage end, and the control unit takes the variable reference voltage as a control target and controls the conversion unit to output voltage which gradually decreases to zero along with time and is matched with the variable reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end.
A chip comprising any one of the dc-dc circuits.
In the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to stop outputting voltage, the reference voltage conversion unit converts the initial reference voltage output by the initial reference voltage end into the variable reference voltage and outputs the variable reference voltage to the conversion reference voltage end, wherein the variable reference voltage is controlled to gradually decrease to zero from the initial reference voltage along with time, and the control unit takes the variable reference voltage as a control target, controls the conversion unit to output the voltage which is matched with the variable reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end and gradually decreases to zero along with time, and as the variable reference voltage is controlled to gradually decrease to zero along with time from the initial reference voltage, namely soft shutdown is realized, and the whole decreasing process time length is determined, and as the voltage output by the conversion unit follows the matched variable reference voltage in real time, the second time length which is continuous with the whole process of the voltage output by the conversion unit from the maximum voltage to zero is the same as the first time length, thus being determined, namely the effective control of the power-down time length of the output end of the direct current circuit is realized, and the power-down design of the post-stage circuit can be facilitated.
Other advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description of specific technical features and solutions, by which those skilled in the art should understand the advantages that the technical features and solutions bring.
Drawings
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the figure:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a DC-DC circuit according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the varying reference voltage and time according to one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the reference voltage and time in another embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a reference voltage converting unit of a DC-DC circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 17 is a reference voltage converting unit of a dc-dc circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to only these examples. In the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to avoid obscuring the present invention, and in order to avoid obscuring the present invention, well-known methods, procedures, flows, and components are not presented in detail.
Moreover, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the drawings are provided herein for illustrative purposes and that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, it is the meaning of "including but not limited to".
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
Fig. 1 is a dc-dc circuit of an embodiment of the present invention, which can be applied to various electronic devices for supplying dc voltage and current to a post-stage circuit or load ILOAD. The dc-dc circuit includes a control unit 300, an initial reference voltage generating unit 100, an initial reference voltage terminal VREF0 110, a reference voltage converting unit 200, a converted reference voltage terminal VREF1 210, and a converting unit 400, wherein the converting unit 400 may be a step-up, step-down, or step-up and step-down type converting unit.
The initial reference voltage generating unit 100 is used for generating an initial reference voltage (which may also be referred to as an initial reference voltage) and outputting the initial reference voltage from an initial reference voltage terminal 110. The initial reference voltage generating unit 100 may use a common reference voltage generating circuit, and may adjust and output initial reference voltages with different magnitudes according to the requirement of the output voltage of the dc-dc circuit.
The input terminal of the reference voltage converting unit 200 is connected to the initial reference voltage terminal 110 to input an initial reference voltage, and the output terminal is connected to the converted reference voltage terminal 210. When the dc-dc circuit needs to output a voltage, the reference voltage converting unit 200 outputs an initial reference voltage by converting the reference voltage terminal 210, the control unit 300 uses the initial reference voltage output by the reference voltage converting terminal 210 as a control target, and controls the converting unit 400 to convert (or modulate) the input voltage of the input terminal VIN to output a voltage matched with the initial reference voltage, so that the output terminal VOUT 410 of the converting unit 400 can output the required output voltage for the subsequent circuit. For example, if the sampling coefficient of the dc-dc circuit is 1/N (N > 1), the output voltage is equal to N times the initial reference voltage after the output is stable. As shown in fig. 2, the conversion unit 400 may include an upper switching tube M1, a lower switching tube M2, an inductor L, and an output capacitor COUT, and may adjust the magnitude of the output voltage to maintain an initial reference voltage N times by adjusting the on-time or frequency of the upper switching tube M1 and the lower switching tube M2.
When the dc-dc circuit needs to stop outputting the voltage, the reference voltage converting unit 200 converts the initial reference voltage output from the initial reference voltage terminal 110 into a variable reference voltage, and outputs the variable reference voltage to the converted reference voltage terminal 210, wherein the variable reference voltage is controlled to gradually decrease from the initial reference voltage to zero over time; and the control unit 300 takes the variable reference voltage as a control target, controls the conversion unit 400 to convert (or be called modulating) the input voltage of the input terminal VIN, so as to output a voltage gradually decreasing to zero with time, which matches the variable reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage terminal 210, and controls the conversion unit 400 to convert or modulate the input voltage, for example, using a PWM modulation mode (for example, a duty ratio of a). Since the variable reference voltage is controlled to gradually decrease from the initial reference voltage to zero over time, that is, soft-off is realized, and the duration of the entire decrease (referred to as the first duration) is determined, and since the voltage output by the conversion unit 400 follows the matching variable reference voltage in real time, the second duration, during which the entire decrease of the voltage output by the conversion unit 400 from the maximum voltage to zero, is identical to the first duration, and thus is also determined, that is, effective control of the power-down duration of the dc-dc circuit output 410 is realized, so that the power-down design of the subsequent circuit can be facilitated.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the variable reference voltage and time in an embodiment, in which the variable reference voltage may have a nonlinear relationship with time, that is, the variable reference voltage gradually decreases from the initial reference voltage Vref0 to zero in a nonlinear manner with time, and thus, the output voltage of the dc-dc circuit also gradually decreases from the maximum output voltage to zero in a nonlinear manner with time.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between the varying reference voltage and time in another embodiment, in which the varying reference voltage may be linearly related to time, that is, the voltage output by the converting reference voltage terminal 210 gradually decreases to zero, that is, uniformly decreases with time, from the initial reference voltage Vref0, so that the output voltage of the dc-dc circuit also gradually decreases to zero, that is, soft shutdown, with time, accordingly, the power-down design of the subsequent circuit is easier.
Because of the power-down design of the later stage circuit, the time taken for the variable reference voltage output by the switch reference voltage terminal 210 to decrease from the initial reference voltage to zero remains unchanged when the magnitude of the initial reference voltage output by the initial reference voltage terminal 110 is different. For example, the initial reference voltage output by the initial reference voltage terminal 110 is 1mV (for example, the output voltage of the matched dc-dc circuit is 10V), and the time period taken for the variable reference voltage output by the switching reference voltage terminal 210 to decrease from the initial reference voltage to zero is controlled to be 5ms; when the initial reference voltage output from the initial reference voltage terminal 110 becomes 2mV (for example, the output voltage of the matching dc-dc circuit is 20V), the time period taken for the variable reference voltage output from the switching reference voltage terminal 210 to decrease from the initial reference voltage to zero is still controlled to be 5ms.
Fig. 5 shows a reference voltage converting unit 200 of a dc-dc circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention, where the reference voltage converting unit 200 includes a capacitor C1 220 and a first current source 240, and has a discharge path 230; the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220 is coupled to the initial reference voltage terminal 110, the second terminal 222 is connected to the switching reference voltage terminal 210, and the discharging path 230 is connected to the first terminal 221 and the second terminal 222 of the capacitor 220. When the dc-dc circuit is powered up, the initial reference voltage of the initial reference voltage terminal 110 charges the capacitor 220, so that a voltage difference exists between the first terminal 221 and the second terminal 222 of the capacitor 220, for example, when the voltage of the first terminal 221 is equal to the initial reference voltage and the voltage of the second terminal 222 is 0. In general, the capacitor 220 is charged at a faster rate at this stage. When the dc-dc circuit needs to output voltage, the discharging path 230 is turned on, the first end 221 of the capacitor 220 discharges to the second end 222 via the discharging path 230, so that the voltage of the converting reference voltage end 210 increases to the initial reference voltage, that is, after the capacitor 220 discharges, the voltage of the converting reference voltage end 210 is stabilized at the initial reference voltage, and the control unit 300 can control the converting unit 400 to output a matched voltage, for example, N times of the initial reference voltage according to the initial reference voltage output by the converting reference voltage end 210. When the dc-dc circuit needs to stop outputting the voltage, the discharging path 230 is disconnected, the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 is charged by the first current source 240, i.e. the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 is charged by the first current outputted by the first current source 240, so that the variable reference voltage of the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 gradually decreases from the initial reference voltage to zero over time; in this process, when the varying reference voltage decreases to Uf, the control unit 300 controls the conversion unit 400 to output an output voltage having a magnitude matched to Uf, for example, N times Uf, according to the voltage Uf of the conversion reference voltage terminal 210; when the initial reference voltage is reduced to zero and the voltage difference across the capacitor 220 is 0 after the capacitor 220 is charged, the voltage at the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 is also 0, and the control unit 300 controls the conversion unit 400 to output an output voltage with 0 according to the 0 voltage at the conversion reference voltage terminal 210.
As shown in fig. 6, in one embodiment, the first current source 240 is a voltage-controlled current source controlled by an initial reference voltage, and is configured to output a first current I1 proportional to the initial reference voltage, i.e. i1=s1×vref0, under the control of the initial reference voltage Vref0, where S1 is a scaling factor and is a constant; in some cases, S1 may also be referred to as transconductance, for example, in the case where the first current source 240 is a MOS transistor implementation; the time period taken to complete the charging of the capacitor 220 is denoted as t, and has the following relationship: cjvref 0 = I1 t; combining the two formulas can obtain t=c/S1; since C and S1 are constants, the time period t is also a constant which is determined independently of the initial reference voltage and independently of the output voltage of the direct current-direct current circuit and the output capacitance COUT, so that the power-down design of the later-stage circuit is simpler. In this embodiment, the first current source 240 may be connected to the circuit as follows: the voltage controlled positive terminal 2401 of the first current source 240 may be connected to the initial reference voltage terminal 110, the voltage controlled negative terminal 2402 is grounded, the current input terminal 2403 is connected to the switching reference voltage terminal 210, and the current output terminal 2404 is grounded.
Fig. 7 shows a reference voltage converting unit 200 of a dc-dc circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention, where the reference voltage converting unit 200 further includes a second current source 231 located in the discharge path 230. When the dc-dc circuit needs to output voltage, the discharging path 230 is turned on, the first end 221 of the capacitor 220 discharges to the second end 222 via the second current source 231, that is, the first end 221 of the capacitor 220 discharges with the second current output by the second current source 231, the voltage of the second end 222, that is, the conversion reference voltage end 210 is controlled to gradually decrease from 0 to the initial reference voltage over time, the whole increasing process duration is determined, and the voltage output by the conversion unit 400 follows the matching variable reference voltage in real time, so that the whole duration of the whole process of gradually increasing the voltage output by the conversion unit 400 from zero to the maximum voltage (that is, the voltage matching the initial reference voltage) is also determined, thereby the dc-dc circuit realizes soft start, that is, the output voltage slowly increases instead of rapidly increases, and the duration of the soft start is determined, so as to facilitate the power-up design of the subsequent circuit.
In one embodiment, the second current source 231 is a voltage-controlled current source controlled by the initial reference voltage, and is configured to output a second current proportional to the initial reference voltage under the control of the initial reference voltage, and the second current is greater than the first current output by the first current source 240. When the dc-dc circuit needs to output a voltage, the discharging path 230 is turned on, the first end 221 of the capacitor 220 discharges to the second end 222 via the second current source 231, and since the first current output by the first current source 240 shunts part of the current from the second current, that is, the first end 221 of the capacitor 220 discharges by the difference between the second current and the first current, the voltage at the second end 222, that is, the conversion reference voltage end 210, is controlled to gradually decrease from 0 to the initial reference voltage over time, the duration of the whole increase is determined, and since the voltage output by the conversion unit 400 follows the matching variable reference voltage in real time, the duration of the whole process that the voltage output by the conversion unit 400 gradually increases from zero to the maximum voltage (that is, the voltage matched with the initial reference voltage) is also determined, so that the dc-dc circuit realizes soft start with the determined duration, and the power-up design of the subsequent circuit is facilitated.
In addition, as shown in fig. 8, when the first current I1 and the second current I2 are simultaneously proportional to the initial reference voltage Vref0, i.e. i1=s1×vref0, and i2=s2×vref0, where S1 and S2 are both scaling coefficients, and are constants; in some cases, S1 and S2 may also be referred to as transconductors, for example, in the case where the first current source 240 and the second current source 231 are MOS transistor implementations; the time taken for the capacitor 220 to discharge is denoted as t, and has the following relationship: cjvref 0= (I2-I1) χt; combining the two formulas, t=c/(S2-S1) can be obtained; since C, S and S1 are constants, the duration t is also a constant which is determined independently of the initial reference voltage Vref0 and independently of the output voltage of the dc-dc circuit and the output capacitance COUT, so that the dc-dc circuit achieves soft start with duration independent of the output voltage, and in this way, the power-on design of the subsequent circuit is simpler. In this embodiment, the second current source 231 may be connected to the circuit as follows: the voltage-controlled positive terminal 2311 of the second current source 231 may be connected to the initial reference voltage terminal 110, the voltage-controlled negative terminal 2312 is grounded, the current input terminal 2313 is connected to the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220, and the current output terminal 2314 is connected to the switching reference voltage terminal 210.
As shown in fig. 9, the discharge path 230 further includes a discharge path switch K1 (e.g., a MOS transistor) 232 disposed in the discharge path 230 and connected in series with the second current source 231, for example, the second current source 231 is connected to the first end 221 of the capacitor 220 through the discharge path switch 232, and the discharge path switch 232 is used for controlling the on/off of the discharge path 230, thereby controlling the on/off of the discharge path 230.
As shown in fig. 9, the reference voltage converting unit 200 further includes a charging path switch 241 (e.g. a MOS transistor) connected in series with the first current source 240, for example, the first current source 240 is connected to the second terminal 222 of the capacitor 220 through the charging path switch 241, and the charging path switch 241 is used for controlling the on and off of the charging path. Specifically, when the dc-dc circuit needs to output voltage, the discharging path switch 232 is turned on (i.e. the discharging path 230 is turned on), and the charging path switch 241 is turned off (the charging path is turned off), the first end 221 of the capacitor 220 discharges to the second end 222 via the second current source 231; since the charging path is disconnected, the first current source 240 does not output the first current, and thus does not shunt current from the second current, i.e., the first end 221 of the capacitor 220 discharges with the second current; since the second current I2 is proportional to the initial reference voltage, i.e. i2=s2×vref0, where S2 is a scaling factor and is a constant; the time taken for the capacitor 220 to discharge is denoted as t, and has the following relationship: cjvref 0 = i2 x t; according to the above formula, t=c/S2 can be obtained; because C and S2 are constants, the duration t is also a determined constant, and is irrelevant to the magnitude of the initial reference voltage Vref0 and the magnitude of the output voltage of the direct current-direct current circuit, so that the direct current-direct current circuit realizes soft start of which the duration is irrelevant to the magnitude of the output voltage, and the power-on design of the subsequent circuit is simpler.
Fig. 10 is a reference voltage converting unit 200 of a dc-dc circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention, the reference voltage converting unit 200 further includes a buffer 250 for improving the loading capability of the initial reference voltage terminal 110, the input terminal of the buffer 250 is connected to the initial reference voltage terminal 110, the output terminal is connected to the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220, and the initial reference voltage terminal 110 provides the charging current required by the charging path to the charging path via the buffer 250. In this way, the initial reference voltage terminal 110 can supply the first current source 240 with a required current, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the reference voltage converting unit 200.
Fig. 11 is a reference voltage converting unit 200 of a dc-dc circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention, which is similar to the embodiment of fig. 5, and the reference voltage converting unit 200 further includes a first switch K3 and a second switch K4; one end of the first switch K3 is connected to the initial reference voltage terminal 110, and the other end is connected to the conversion reference voltage terminal 210; one end of the second switch K4 is connected to the second end 222 of the capacitor 220, and the other end is connected to the conversion reference voltage end 210. After the dc-dc power is applied, the capacitor 220 charges rapidly, the voltage at the first end 221 of the capacitor 220 increases to an initial reference voltage, and the voltage at the second end 222 of the capacitor 220 is 0. When the dc-dc circuit needs to output voltage, the first switch K3 is turned on, the second switch K4 is turned off, and the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 is connected to the initial reference voltage terminal 110, so that the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 can output the initial reference voltage to the control unit 300, and the control unit 300 can control the conversion unit 400 to output the corresponding output voltage according to the initial reference voltage; in addition, the discharge path 230 is turned on, and the first end 221 of the capacitor 220 discharges to the second end 222 of the capacitor 220 through the discharge path 230, so that the voltage of the second end 222 of the capacitor 220 slowly rises until the initial reference voltage is reached. When the dc-dc circuit needs to stop outputting the voltage, the first switch K3 is turned off and the second switch K4 is turned on, and at this time, the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 is connected to the second terminal 222 of the capacitor 220, and the voltage of the second terminal 222 of the capacitor 220 is the variable reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage terminal 210; in addition, the discharging path 230 is disconnected, the first current source 240 is turned on, the second end 222 of the capacitor 220 is charged to the second end 222 of the capacitor 220 by the first current source 240, and the voltage of the second end 222 of the capacitor 220 slowly drops until the voltage is 0; during this time, the control unit 300 takes the variable reference voltage as a control target, and controls the conversion unit 400 to output a voltage gradually decreasing to zero with time, which matches the variable reference voltage output from the conversion reference voltage terminal 210. In this embodiment, since the voltage output by the conversion unit 400 follows the matching variable reference voltage in real time, the second duration for the whole process of reducing the voltage output by the conversion unit 400 from the maximum voltage to zero is the same as the first duration, and thus is also determined, that is, effective control over the power-down duration of the dc-dc circuit output terminal 410 is achieved, so that the power-down design of the subsequent circuit can be facilitated.
Fig. 12 is a reference voltage converting unit 200 of a dc-dc circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention, where the reference voltage converting unit 200 includes a capacitor C1 220 and a first current source 240, and has a charging path 230; the capacitor 220 has a first terminal 221 connected to the converted reference voltage terminal 210 and coupled to the initial reference voltage terminal 110 via a charging path 230, and a second terminal 222 grounded. When the dc-dc circuit needs to output voltage, the charging path 230 is turned on, the initial reference voltage terminal 110 charges the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220 via the charging path 230, so that the voltage of the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 increases to the initial reference voltage, that is, after the capacitor 220 is charged, the voltage of the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 is stabilized at the initial reference voltage, and the control unit 300 can control the conversion unit 400 to output a matched voltage, for example, N times of the initial reference voltage according to the initial reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage terminal 210. When the dc-dc circuit needs to stop outputting the voltage, the charging path 230 is disconnected, and the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 discharges via the first current source 240, i.e. the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 discharges with the first current outputted by the first current source 240, so that the variable reference voltage of the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 gradually decreases from the initial reference voltage to zero over time; in this process, when the varying reference voltage decreases to Uf, the control unit 300 controls the conversion unit 400 to output an output voltage having a magnitude matched to Uf, for example, N times Uf, according to the voltage Uf of the conversion reference voltage terminal 210; when the initial reference voltage is reduced to zero and the voltage difference across the capacitor 220 is 0 after the capacitor 220 is discharged, the voltage at the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 is also 0, and the control unit 300 controls the conversion unit 400 to output an output voltage with 0 according to the 0 voltage at the conversion reference voltage terminal 210.
As shown in fig. 13, in one embodiment, the first current source 240 is a voltage-controlled current source controlled by an initial reference voltage, and is configured to output a first current I1 proportional to the initial reference voltage, i.e. i1=s1×vref0, under the control of the initial reference voltage Vref0, where S1 is a scaling factor and is a constant; in some cases, S1 may also be referred to as transconductance, for example, in the case where the first current source 240 is a MOS transistor implementation; the time taken for the capacitor 220 to discharge is denoted as t, and has the following relationship: cjvref 0 = I1 t; combining the two formulas can obtain t=c/S1; since C and S1 are constants, the time period t is also a constant which is determined independently of the initial reference voltage and independently of the output voltage of the direct current-direct current circuit and the output capacitance COUT, so that the power-down design of the later-stage circuit is simpler. In this embodiment, the first current source 240 may be connected to the circuit as follows: the voltage controlled positive terminal 2401 of the first current source 240 may be connected to the initial reference voltage terminal 110, the voltage controlled negative terminal 2402 is grounded, the current input terminal 2403 is connected to the switching reference voltage terminal 210, and the current output terminal 2404 is grounded.
Fig. 14 shows a reference voltage converting unit 200 of a dc-dc circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention, where the reference voltage converting unit 200 further includes a second current source 231 located in the charging path 230. When the dc-dc circuit needs to output voltage, the charging path 230 is turned on, the initial reference voltage terminal 110 charges the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220 via the charging path 230, that is, the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220 charges with the second current outputted by the second current source 231, the voltage of the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 is controlled to gradually decrease from 0 to the initial reference voltage over time, the duration of the whole increase is determined, and since the voltage outputted by the conversion unit 400 follows the matching variable reference voltage in real time, the duration of the whole process that the voltage outputted by the conversion unit 400 gradually increases from zero to the maximum voltage (that is, the voltage matching the initial reference voltage) is also determined, so that the dc-dc circuit realizes soft-on, that is, the output voltage slowly increases instead of sharply increases, and the duration of the soft-on is determined, thereby facilitating the power-up design of the subsequent circuit.
In one embodiment, the second current source 231 is a voltage-controlled current source controlled by the initial reference voltage, and is configured to output a second current proportional to the initial reference voltage under the control of the initial reference voltage, and the second current is greater than the first current output by the first current source 240. When the dc-dc circuit needs to output a voltage, the charging path 230 is turned on, the initial reference voltage terminal 110 charges the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220 via the charging path 230, and since the first current output by the first current source 240 shunts part of the current from the second current, that is, the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220 charges with the difference between the second current and the first current, the voltage of the conversion reference voltage terminal 210 is controlled to gradually decrease from 0 to the initial reference voltage over time, the duration of the whole increase is determined, and since the voltage output by the conversion unit 400 follows the matching variable reference voltage in real time, the duration of the whole process of gradually increasing the voltage output by the conversion unit 400 from zero to the maximum voltage (that is, the voltage matching the initial reference voltage) is also determined, so that the dc-dc circuit realizes soft start with a determined duration, and is convenient for the power-up design of the subsequent circuit.
In addition, as shown in fig. 15, when the first current I1 and the second current I2 are simultaneously proportional to the initial reference voltage Vref0, i.e. i1=s1×vref0, and i2=s2×vref0, where S1 and S2 are both scaling coefficients, and are constants; in some cases, S1 and S2 may also be referred to as transconductors, for example, in the case where the first current source 240 and the second current source 231 are MOS transistor implementations; the time period taken to complete the charging of the capacitor 220 is denoted as t, and has the following relationship: cjvref 0= (I2-I1) χt; combining the two formulas, t=c/(S2-S1) can be obtained; since C, S and S1 are constants, the duration t is also a constant which is determined independently of the initial reference voltage Vref0 and independently of the output voltage of the dc-dc circuit and the output capacitance COUT, so that the dc-dc circuit achieves soft start with duration independent of the output voltage, and in this way, the power-on design of the subsequent circuit is simpler. In this embodiment, the second current source 231 may be connected to the circuit as follows: the voltage-controlled positive terminal 2311 of the second current source 231 may be connected to the initial reference voltage terminal 110, the voltage-controlled negative terminal 2312 is grounded, the current input terminal 2313 is connected to the initial reference voltage terminal 110, and the current output terminal 2314 is connected to the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220, i.e. the switching reference voltage terminal 210.
As shown in fig. 16, the charging path 230 further includes a charging path switch K1 (e.g., a MOS transistor) 232 (e.g., a MOS transistor) disposed in the charging path 230 and connected in series with the second current source 231, for example, the initial reference voltage terminal 110 is connected to the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220 through the charging path switch 232 and the second current source 231, and the charging path switch 232 is used for controlling the on/off of the charging path 230.
As shown in fig. 16, the reference voltage converting unit 200 further includes a discharge path switch 241 (e.g. a MOS transistor) connected in series with the first current source 240, for example, the first current source 240 is connected to the first end 221 of the capacitor 220 through the discharge path switch 241, and the discharge path switch 241 is used for controlling the on and off of the first current source 240. Specifically, when the dc-dc circuit needs to output voltage, the charging path switch 232 is turned on (i.e. the charging path 230 is turned on), and the discharging path switch 241 is turned off, the initial reference voltage terminal 110 charges the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220 via the second current source 231; since the first current source 240 is turned off, the first current is not output, and thus the current is not split from the second current, i.e., the first terminal 221 of the capacitor 220 is charged with the second current; since the second current I2 is proportional to the initial reference voltage, i.e. i2=s2×vref0, where S2 is a scaling factor and is a constant; the time period taken to complete the charging of the capacitor 220 is denoted as t, and has the following relationship: cjvref 0 = i2 x t; according to the above formula, t=c/S2 can be obtained; because C and S2 are constants, the duration t is also a determined constant, and is irrelevant to the magnitude of the initial reference voltage Vref0 and the magnitude of the output voltage of the direct current-direct current circuit, so that the direct current-direct current circuit realizes soft start of which the duration is irrelevant to the magnitude of the output voltage, and the power-on design of the subsequent circuit is simpler.
Fig. 17 shows a reference voltage converting unit 200 of a dc-dc circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention, where the reference voltage converting unit 200 further includes a buffer 250 for improving the loading capacity of the initial reference voltage terminal 110, the input terminal of the buffer 250 is connected to the initial reference voltage terminal 110, the output terminal is connected to the charging path 230, and the initial reference voltage terminal 110 provides the charging current required by the charging path 230 to the charging path via the buffer 250. In this way, the initial reference voltage terminal 110 can supply a required current to the charging path 230, for example, the second current source 231 in the charging path 230, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the reference voltage converting unit 200.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-described preferred embodiments can be freely combined and stacked without conflict.
It will be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and that all obvious or equivalent modifications and substitutions to the details given above may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the underlying principles of the invention, are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. The direct current-direct current circuit comprises a control unit, an initial reference voltage end and a conversion unit, and is characterized by further comprising an initial reference voltage generation unit, a reference voltage conversion unit and a conversion reference voltage end; the initial reference voltage generating unit adjusts and outputs initial reference voltages with different magnitudes according to the requirement of the output voltage of the direct current-direct current circuit;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to output voltage, the control unit takes the initial reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end as a control target to control the conversion unit to output voltage matched with the initial reference voltage;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to stop outputting voltage, the reference voltage conversion unit converts the initial reference voltage output by the initial reference voltage end into a variable reference voltage which is linearly and gradually reduced to zero along with time from the initial reference voltage and outputs the variable reference voltage to the conversion reference voltage end, wherein the reduced process time is a first time; when the initial reference voltage output by the initial reference voltage end is different in size, the time spent by reducing the variable reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end from the initial reference voltage to zero is kept unchanged; the control unit takes the variable reference voltage as a control target, controls the conversion unit to output a voltage which is matched with the variable reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end and gradually decreases to zero along with time, and the whole process from maximum voltage to zero lasts for a second duration; the second time period is the same as the first time period.
2. The DC-DC circuit of claim 1, wherein the DC-DC circuit comprises a DC-DC converter,
the reference voltage conversion unit comprises a capacitor and a first current source and is provided with a discharge path; the first end of the capacitor is coupled to the initial reference voltage end, the second end of the capacitor is connected with the conversion reference voltage end, and the discharging path is connected with the first end and the second end of the capacitor;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to output voltage, the discharging path is conducted, and the first end of the capacitor discharges to the second end through the discharging circuit so as to increase the voltage of the conversion reference voltage end to the initial reference voltage;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to stop outputting voltage, the discharging path is disconnected, and the conversion reference voltage end is charged by the first current source, so that the variable reference voltage of the conversion reference voltage end gradually decreases to zero from the initial reference voltage along with time.
3. A DC-DC circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein,
the reference voltage conversion unit further comprises a second current source positioned in the discharge path;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to output voltage, the discharging path is conducted, and the first end of the capacitor discharges to the second end through the second current source.
4. A DC-DC circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein,
the second current source is used for outputting a second current proportional to the initial reference voltage under the control of the initial reference voltage, and the second current is larger than the first current output by the first current source.
5. A DC-DC circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein,
the reference voltage conversion unit further comprises a discharge path switch which is positioned in the discharge path and connected with the second current source in series, and the discharge path switch is used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the discharge path.
6. The DC-DC circuit of claim 5, wherein the DC-DC circuit comprises a DC-DC converter,
the reference voltage conversion unit further comprises a charging path switch connected in series with the first current source;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to output voltage, the discharging path switch is turned on, and the charging path switch is turned off;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to stop outputting voltage, the discharging path switch is disconnected, and the charging path switch is conducted.
7. A DC-DC circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein,
the reference voltage converting unit further includes a buffer, and the initial reference voltage terminal supplies a required charging current to the first current source via the buffer.
8. The DC-DC circuit of claim 1, wherein the DC-DC circuit comprises a DC-DC converter,
the reference voltage conversion unit comprises a capacitor and a first current source and is provided with a charging path; the first end of the capacitor is connected with the conversion reference voltage end and coupled to the initial reference voltage end through the charging path, and the second end of the capacitor is grounded;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to output voltage, the charging path is conducted, and the initial reference voltage end charges the first end of the capacitor through the charging circuit so as to increase the voltage of the conversion reference voltage end to the initial reference voltage;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to stop outputting voltage, the charging path is disconnected, and the conversion reference voltage end discharges through the first current source so that the variable reference voltage of the conversion reference voltage end gradually decreases from the initial reference voltage to zero along with time.
9. A DC-DC circuit as claimed in claim 2 or 8, wherein,
the first current source is used for outputting a first current proportional to the initial reference voltage under the control of the initial reference voltage.
10. The DC-DC circuit of claim 8, wherein the DC-DC circuit comprises a DC-DC converter,
the reference voltage conversion unit further comprises a second current source positioned in the charging path;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to output voltage, the charging path is conducted, and the initial reference voltage end charges the first end of the capacitor through the charging circuit.
11. The DC-DC circuit of claim 10, wherein the DC-DC circuit comprises a DC-DC converter,
the second current source is used for outputting a second current proportional to the initial reference voltage under the control of the initial reference voltage, and the second current is larger than the first current output by the first current source.
12. The DC-DC circuit of claim 10, wherein the DC-DC circuit comprises a DC-DC converter,
the reference voltage conversion unit further comprises a charging path switch which is positioned in the charging path and connected with the second current source in series, and the charging path switch is used for controlling the on and off of the charging path.
13. The DC-DC circuit of claim 12, wherein the DC-DC circuit comprises a DC-DC converter,
the reference voltage conversion unit further comprises a discharge path switch connected in series with the first current source;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to output voltage, the charging path switch is turned on, and the discharging path switch is turned off;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to stop outputting voltage, the charging path switch is disconnected, and the discharging path switch is conducted.
14. The DC-DC circuit of claim 8, wherein the DC-DC circuit comprises a DC-DC converter,
the reference voltage converting unit further includes a buffer via which the initial reference voltage terminal supplies a required charging current to the charging path.
15. A method of controlling a dc-dc circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising the steps of:
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to output voltage, the control unit takes the initial reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end as a control target, and controls the conversion unit to output voltage matched with the initial reference voltage;
when the direct current-direct current circuit needs to stop outputting voltage, the reference voltage conversion unit converts the initial reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end into a variable reference voltage which gradually decreases to zero along with time from the initial reference voltage and outputs the variable reference voltage to the conversion reference voltage end, and the control unit takes the variable reference voltage as a control target and controls the conversion unit to output voltage which gradually decreases to zero along with time and is matched with the variable reference voltage output by the conversion reference voltage end.
16. A chip comprising a dc-dc circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.
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| CN202310030958.4A CN115940619B (en) | 2023-01-10 | 2023-01-10 | Chip, direct current-direct current circuit and control method thereof |
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| CN116526820B (en) | 2023-11-28 |
| CN116526820A (en) | 2023-08-01 |
| CN115940619B (en) | 2023-07-04 |
| CN116526821B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
| CN115940619A (en) | 2023-04-07 |
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