CN116526274A - Conical optical fiber saturable absorber based on ReSSe quantum dots, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Conical optical fiber saturable absorber based on ReSSe quantum dots, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- GZVQYNFNHASJRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Re](=S)=[Se] Chemical class [Re](=S)=[Se] GZVQYNFNHASJRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
- H01S3/1115—Passive mode locking using intracavity saturable absorbers
- H01S3/1118—Semiconductor saturable absorbers, e.g. semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors [SESAMs]; Solid-state saturable absorbers, e.g. carbon nanotube [CNT] based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06791—Fibre ring lasers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber lasers, in particular to a tapered fiber saturable absorber based on selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots, and a preparation method and application thereof. The embodiment of the invention discloses a tapered optical fiber saturable absorber based on selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots, which comprises the following components: the device comprises selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots and a tapered optical fiber, wherein the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots are deposited in a tapered region of the tapered optical fiber; in the scheme, selenium rhenium sulfide belongs to a triclinic system, has unique asymmetric surface characteristics and excellent nonlinear optical response, ensures that the state density is more concentrated due to the limiting effect of the quantum dot morphology of the selenium rhenium sulfide on carriers, adopts the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots to manufacture a conical optical fiber saturable absorber, is used for a mode locking pulse sequence generated by an optical fiber laser, has higher stability, and can realize stable ultrashort pulse output under low starting threshold and high power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber lasers, in particular to a conical fiber saturable absorber based on ReSSe quantum dots, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Compared with the traditional long pulse and continuous laser, the ultra-fast laser has ultra-narrow pulse width and excellent beam quality, excellent performance advantage and deep market potential, and is favored in various application fields such as national defense and military, industrial manufacturing, medical equipment, optical fiber communication and the like. Especially in recent years, the rapid development of the domestic semiconductor industry brings higher requirements on the pulse width, the working time length and the stable output of the laser. Therefore, mode-locked ultrashort pulse fiber lasers with multiple advantages of simple structure, stable performance and the like are receiving more and more attention.
The mode locking technology can realize the output conversion from continuous wave to ultra-short pulse, and is a key technology for generating ultra-fast laser. The mode locking technology can be divided into two main types of active mode locking and passive mode locking based on a modulation principle, wherein the active mode locking technology provides a modulation carrier wave for the interior of a laser through a modulation device, so that the gain and loss of each longitudinal mode in the laser are periodically changed, and the phase locking of each longitudinal mode is realized. The current common use is an acousto-optic modulator and an electro-optic modulator; the passive mode locking is to lock each longitudinal mode by utilizing the saturable absorption property of the material or the nonlinear effect of the light path, inhibit the longitudinal modes with smaller amplitude when passing through the saturable absorber, further pull the amplitude ratio of each longitudinal mode, realize the effect of side mode inhibition and the phase locking among the longitudinal modes through multiple oscillations, finally obtain a periodic pulse sequence and realize mode locking output. Compared with an active mode locking modulation device, the passive mode locking die has the advantages of small size, high responsiveness and the like, so that the passive mode locking die becomes a research hot spot in the scientific research field and the commercial field in recent years.
In the prior art, a saturable absorber of a passive mode-locked fiber laser mostly adopts two-dimensional nano sheet materials represented by graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal sulfide and the like. The two-dimensional nano sheet material successfully modulates ultrashort pulse output in the fiber laser due to unique photoelectric performance and nonlinear optical response, but has poor carrier limiting effect and low surface area-volume ratio, so that the problems of excessively high starting threshold, poor heat accumulation resistance and excessively low damage threshold exist in the conventional fiber laser passive mode locking technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a tapered fiber saturable absorber based on ReSSe quantum dots, a preparation method and application thereof, and the tapered fiber saturable absorber based on ReSSe quantum dots is used for a passive mode-locked fiber laser, and can realize stable ultrashort pulse output under low starting threshold and high power.
The first aspect of the invention provides a tapered optical fiber saturable absorber based on selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots, comprising: rhenium selenide sulfide (abbreviated as reese) quantum dots and tapered optical fibers;
the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots are located in the tapered region of the tapered optical fiber.
The invention provides a preparation method of a conical optical fiber saturable absorber based on ReSSe quantum dots, which comprises the following steps:
and adding the selenium sulfide rhenium quantum drops into the conical region of the conical optical fiber, and drying after photo-deposition to obtain the conical optical fiber SA based on the ReSSe quantum dots.
Preferably, the preparation method of the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dot comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing powdered selenium rhenium sulfide with ethanol, and then performing ultrasonic dissolution to obtain a suspension;
step 2: and (3) carrying out centrifugal treatment on the suspension to obtain the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dot.
In the prior art, the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dot can be prepared by adopting a liquid phase stripping method, a hydrothermal method, a calcining method, a microwave method, an electrochemical method and the like, but compared with other methods, the liquid phase stripping method is simple to operate, high in yield and low in energy consumption, and is suitable for large-scale preparation.
Preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-40 KHz, and the power is 300-400W.
More preferably, the ultrasound of the present invention has a frequency of 40KHz and a power of 400W. According to the liquid phase stripping method disclosed by the invention, the selenium-rhenium sulfide quantum dots can be effectively prepared under proper reaction conditions, if the ultrasonic frequency or the power is insufficient, the dispersion effect of the selenium-rhenium sulfide is poor, and the selenium-rhenium sulfide nano material cannot be vibrated and broken into quantum dots with the diameter of less than 10 nm; even the van der waals force connection between the layers of selenium rhenium sulfide cannot be broken, resulting in the selenium rhenium sulfide nanomaterial stack assuming a nanobody bulk morphology.
Specifically, the ultrasonic temperature of the invention is kept at about 30 ℃, so that the problems of oxidization of materials and the like possibly caused by overhigh temperature can be avoided, and the evaporation of the absolute ethyl alcohol solvent caused by overhigh temperature can be avoided.
Preferably, the speed of centrifugation is 10000-12000 r/min, and the duration of centrifugation is 10-15 min.
Preferably, the tapered optical fiber is prepared by a forward melt tapering system;
the length of the tapered region of the tapered optical fiber was 9mm, and the minimum diameter of the tapered region was 9. Mu.m.
Preferably, before the drying to obtain the tapered fiber saturable absorber based on the ReSSe quantum dots, the method further comprises: a UV adhesive of lower refractive index is dropped on the tapered region and then cured with a UV light source.
The invention provides an application of a tapered optical fiber saturable absorber based on ReSSe quantum dots in preparing a passive mode-locked laser.
A fourth aspect of the invention provides a mode-locked fiber laser comprising: the tapered fiber saturable absorber based on the ReSSe quantum dots or the tapered fiber saturable absorber based on the ReSSe quantum dots, which is prepared by the preparation method, are prepared from a laser pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a gain fiber, a polarization independent isolator, a single-mode fiber, an output coupler and a polarization controller;
the laser pumping source, the first input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the polarization independent isolator, the conical optical fiber saturable absorber based on the ReSSe quantum dots, the output coupler, the polarization controller and the gain optical fiber are sequentially connected through the single-mode transmission optical fiber;
the gain fiber is connected with the second input end of the wavelength division multiplexer through the single-mode transmission fiber to form a ring resonant cavity.
Preferably, the gain fiber is an erbium-doped fiber with the length of 10 cm, the wavelength of the laser pumping source is 980nm, and the working wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer is 980/1550nm.
From the above technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a tapered optical fiber saturable absorber based on ReSSe quantum dots, which comprises the following components: selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots and tapered optical fibers; the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots are located in the tapered region of the tapered optical fiber. In the scheme, the ReSSe belongs to a triclinic system, has high anisotropy of optical and electrical properties, adopts the ReSSe quantum dots to manufacture the tapered fiber saturable absorber, and the manufactured tapered fiber saturable absorber has higher stability when used for a mode-locked fiber laser, and can realize stable ultrashort pulse output under a low starting threshold value and high power.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mode-locked fiber laser according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a view of a selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dot transmission electron microscope provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a mode-locked pulse sequence of the mode-locked fiber laser provided in example 3;
FIG. 4 is a broadband spectrum of the mode-locked fiber laser provided in example 3;
FIG. 5 is the fundamental signal-to-noise ratio of the mode-locked fiber laser provided in example 3;
FIG. 6 is a chart of saturated absorption performance test for a saturable absorber provided in example 3;
fig. 7 is a graph showing the variation of the output power of the laser and the pump power provided in example 3.
In fig. 1, 1 is a laser pump source, 2 is a wavelength division multiplexer, 3 is a gain fiber, 4 is a polarization independent isolator, 5 is a saturable absorber, 6 is an output coupler, and 7 is a polarization controller.
Detailed Description
The use of an optical material having saturated absorption characteristics (i.e., a saturated absorber, hereinafter referred to as SA) in a laser cavity as a passive mode-locking modulation device is an effective method of obtaining a pulsed laser. At present, the mode-locked fiber laser has low time jitter and high repetition rate as a stable and effective short pulse source, and has been widely applied to the fields of communication, precise material processing, medical imaging, biomedicine and the like. However, in the prior art, a two-dimensional material black phosphorus is adopted as a saturable absorber material, and the saturable absorber material has the problem of poor stability when applied to a mode-locked fiber laser.
In view of the above, the invention provides a tapered optical fiber SA based on ReSSe quantum dots, and a preparation method and application thereof, which are used for solving the problem that the saturable absorber material applied to a mode-locked optical fiber laser in the prior art is poor in stability.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention adopts the ReSSe quantum dots to manufacture the tapered optical fiber SA, and the manufactured tapered optical fiber SA is used for the mode-locked optical fiber laser, so that the mode-locked optical fiber laser has higher stability.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; the two components can be mechanically connected, can be directly connected or can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with each other. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific context.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the tapered optical fiber in the present application is prepared by a forward fusion type optical fiber tapering system, and the portion of the tapered optical fiber that is the narrowest in the middle is referred to as a tapered section (tapered region), and the portion from the tapered section to the optical fiber that is not tapered is referred to as a transition region.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dot, which is prepared by adopting a high performance liquid stripping (LPE) method, and the preparation steps are as follows:
step 1: placing 0.8g of powdery selenium rhenium sulfide into 80ml of ethanol, placing an ethanol solution containing selenium rhenium sulfide into an ultrasonic machine for ultrasonic exfoliating and dissolving for 9 hours, wherein the frequency of an ultrasonic device is 40khz, the power is 400W, and the temperature is kept at 30 ℃ to avoid powder degradation so as to obtain a suspension;
step 2: and centrifuging the suspension, wherein the centrifugation speed is 12000r/min, and the centrifugation time is 15min, so as to obtain the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dot.
The invention adopts the liquid phase stripping method to prepare the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dot, has simple preparation conditions, reduces energy consumption at room temperature, reduces the generation of byproducts, and has green and pollution-free solvent. The defects that the raw materials need to be subjected to ultrasonic vibration under ice bath conditions in the prior art, the energy consumption in the production process is high, N-methyl pyrrolidone, absolute ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water are required to be subjected to primary dispersion, washing and redispersion respectively, and the generation of intermediate products is difficult to avoid are overcome; from the preparation result, the rhenium disulfide quantum dots disclosed in the prior art have the defects of different shapes and sizes, extremely uneven spatial distribution, agglomeration of partial quantum dots, main particle diameter of 20-40 nm and overlarge particle diameter.
Further, the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dot dispersion liquid of the embodiment is characterized by a transmission electron microscope, as shown in fig. 2, the appearance of the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dot is smooth, the size is similar, the distribution is uniform, and the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dot has higher body surface area ratio.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a tapered optical fiber saturated absorber based on selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) By utilizing the characteristic that glass optical fibers have high plasticity in a high-temperature molten state, a forward molten optical fiber tapering machine is used for preparing tapered optical fibers, parameters can be changed by the system to control the length of the tapered optical fibers and the waist diameter of a tapered region, and the length and the minimum diameter of the prepared tapered region are respectively controlled to be about 9mm and 9 mu m.
(2) Fixing the prepared conical optical fiber on a glass slide, dripping the ReSSe quantum dot dispersion liquid prepared in the embodiment 1 into a tapered region of the conical optical fiber, introducing continuous wave laser to one side of the conical optical fiber, and diffusing and surrounding the tapered region of the conical optical fiber by the ReSSe quantum dot under the action of optical gradient force provided by evanescent waves. After the solvent of the ReSSe quantum dot dispersion liquid is dried, the ReSSe quantum dots are observed to be directly deposited in the cone region under a microscope, and the steps are repeated for a plurality of times, so that the saturable absorber of the ReSSe quantum dots deposited in the cone-shaped optical fiber is prepared.
(3) To ensure that SA is not prone to deterioration, a UV adhesive with a lower refractive index is dropped onto the tapered region and then cured with a UV light source.
The selenium rhenium sulfide prepared by the method belongs to a triclinic system, has unique asymmetric surface characteristics and excellent nonlinear optical response, ensures that the state density is more concentrated due to the limiting effect of the quantum dot morphology of the selenium rhenium sulfide on carriers, adopts the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots to manufacture a conical optical fiber saturable absorber, and is used for a mode locking pulse sequence generated by an optical fiber laser, and the stability is higher.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an application example of a tapered fiber saturation absorber based on selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots, and provides a mode-locked fiber laser, the structure of which is shown in fig. 1, wherein Pump Source is a laser Pump Source, WDM is a wavelength division multiplexer, EDF is an erbium-doped fiber, PI-ISO is a polarization independent isolator, OC is an output coupler, PC is a polarization controller, and SA is a saturable absorber.
Referring to fig. 1, a mode-locked fiber laser includes: the tapered optical fiber SA 5 based on the ReSSe quantum dots prepared in example 2, the laser pumping source 1, the wavelength division multiplexer 2, the gain optical fiber 3, the polarization independent isolator 4, the output coupler 6 and the polarization controller 7.
The wavelength division multiplexer comprises a first input end and a second input end, wherein the laser pumping source 1, the first input end of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, the polarization independent isolator 4, the conical optical fiber SA 5 based on ReSSe quantum dots, the output coupler 6, the polarization controller 7 and the gain optical fiber 3 are sequentially connected; the gain fiber 3 is connected to a second input of the wavelength division multiplexer 2 to form a ring resonator.
Specifically, the connection may be performed by a single-mode optical fiber.
In the implementation, the mode-locked fiber laser is composed of the tapered fiber SA based on the ReSSe quantum dots, and has the advantages of high stability, high damage threshold and low loss.
Further, the fiber pulse laser in this embodiment adopts a ring cavity structure.
Further, the gain fiber 3 is an erbium-doped fiber.
Further, the wavelength of the laser pump source is 975-980 nm, the central wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer is 980nm/1550nm (the working wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexer is 980nm and/or 1550 nm).
Further, the split ratio of the output coupler 6 is 90:10, wherein 90% of the output ends are connected with the tapered optical fiber SA based on ReSSe quantum dots, and the other 10% of the output ends are used for connecting related instruments to measure the laser output characteristics of the fiber laser.
The present embodiment also provides performance testing of a mode-locked fiber laser, the results of which are shown in fig. 3-7.
Fig. 3 is a pulse sequence diagram of a tapered fiber SA based on reese QD (rhenium sulfide selenium quantum dot) in this embodiment, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the pulse sequence intensity is stable, the pulse interval is 44.2ns, and it can be seen that the mode-locking pulse operation in the annular cavity is performed in a stable state.
Fig. 4 shows a broadband radio frequency spectrum of a mode-locked fiber laser, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the amplitude fluctuation is small, and the radio frequency interval frequency and the pulse sequence interval time are mutually proved. Fig. 5 shows the fundamental frequency spectrum of a mode-locked fiber laser, and as can be seen from fig. 5, the fundamental frequency at 22.76MHz has a signal-to-noise ratio as high as 58dB, which together indicate that the mode-locked pulse sequence output is stable.
Fig. 6 is a graph for testing the saturable absorption performance of the tapered optical fiber SA based on the ReSSe quantum dots, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the unsaturated loss ans of the tapered optical fiber SA based on the ReSSe quantum dots is only 26.3%, which indicates that the tapered optical fiber SA based on the ReSSe quantum dots has low loss.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the output power of the laser and the pump power, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that the mode-locked fiber laser can always generate stable pulse output when the pump power is increased from 40mW to 360mW, which illustrates that the mode-locked fiber laser prepared in this embodiment has a low start-up threshold and a high damage threshold.
In summary, the mode-locked fiber laser prepared by using the tapered fiber saturated absorber based on selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots in the embodiment has the following advantages: the ReSSe adopted in the embodiment belongs to a triclinic system, has unique asymmetric surface characteristics and excellent nonlinear optical response, the prepared ReSSe quantum dot belongs to Quantum Dots (QDs) of two-dimensional materials, and shows unique electronic and optical properties due to quantum limitation and edge effect, meanwhile, the heat accumulation effect in a laser is greatly relieved by the high surface area ratio of the quantum dot material, so that a conical optical fiber saturated absorber prepared by the ReSSe quantum dot can more easily obtain stable and strong mode locking signals in a saturable absorption optical fiber laser, the stability and damage threshold of the mode locking optical fiber laser are improved, and the loss is reduced.
The tapered optical fiber saturated absorber based on the ReSSe quantum dots, the preparation method and the application thereof provided by the invention are described in detail, and the technical personnel in the art can change the specific implementation and the application range according to the idea of the embodiment of the invention, so that the content of the description is not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tapered fiber saturable absorber based on selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots, comprising: selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots and tapered optical fibers;
the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots are located in the tapered region of the tapered optical fiber.
2. The preparation method of the tapered optical fiber saturable absorber based on selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
and (3) dripping the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots into the conical region of the conical optical fiber, and drying after photo-deposition to obtain the conical optical fiber saturable absorber based on the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots.
3. The method for preparing the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots according to claim 2, comprising the following steps:
step 1: mixing powdered selenium rhenium sulfide with ethanol, and then performing ultrasonic dissolution to obtain a suspension;
step 2: and (3) carrying out centrifugal treatment on the suspension to obtain the selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dot.
4. A method of manufacture as claimed in claim 3 wherein the ultrasound is at a frequency of 20 to 40KHz and a power of 300 to 400w.
5. A method of manufacture according to claim 3, wherein the centrifugation is at a rate of 10000 to 12000r/min and the duration of centrifugation is 10 to 15min.
6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 2, wherein the tapered optical fiber is manufactured by an optical fiber taper system;
the length of the tapered region of the tapered optical fiber was 9mm, and the minimum diameter of the tapered region was 9. Mu.m.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the drying step further comprises, before the tapered fiber saturable absorber based on selenium-rhenium sulfide quantum dots is obtained: a UV adhesive of lower refractive index is dropped on the tapered region and then cured with a UV light source.
8. Use of a tapered optical fiber saturable absorber based on selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots according to claim 1 or prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 7 in the preparation of a passive mode-locked laser.
9. A mode-locked fiber laser, comprising: the tapered fiber saturable absorber based on selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots of claim 1 or the tapered fiber saturable absorber based on selenium rhenium sulfide quantum dots produced by the production method of any one of claims 2-7, a laser pump source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a gain fiber, a polarization independent isolator, an output coupler, and a polarization controller;
the laser pumping source, the first input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the polarization independent isolator, the tapered optical fiber saturable absorber based on selenium sulfide rhenium quantum dots, the output coupler, the polarization controller and the gain optical fiber are connected in sequence;
the gain fiber is connected with the second input end of the wavelength division multiplexer to form a ring resonant cavity.
10. The mode-locked fiber laser of claim 9, wherein the gain fiber is an erbium-doped fiber having a length of 10 cm, the wavelength of the laser pump source is 975-980 nm, and the wavelength division multiplexer operates at 980/1550nm.
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