CN1165236A - 化学诱导激发的煤内生裂隙生成 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供增加从地下煤生成层中生产甲烷的方法，通过化学诱导激发在煤生成层形成内生裂隙以有利于生成的水的移出，增加了从煤生成层中产生甲烷的速率。该方法包括向煤生成层注射氧化剂水溶液以诱导内生裂隙的形成，然后以增加的速率从煤生成层生产甲烷。氧化剂水溶液优选包括次氯酸盐、次氯酸的金属盐、过氧化氢、臭氧、氧气及其组合。
Description
本发明涉及增加从地下煤生成层中生产甲烷的方法，通过化学诱导激发在煤生成层形成内生裂隙，增加了从煤生成层中产生甲烷的速率。
在煤生成层中有大量的甲烷。
人们用许多方法试图更有效地从煤生成层中回收甲烷。
最简单的方法是减压法，其中从地面钻一探孔达到煤生成层，通过降低压力使甲烷从煤生成层脱出，流入探孔再流到地面，从而抽出甲烷。该方法不够有效，因为煤生成层通常不是极为多孔性的，在煤生成层的空洞中一般没有甲烷，而是吸附在煤上。尽管用这一方法可以从煤生成层生产甲烷，但甲烷的生产速率较低。
在某些煤生成层中，自然渗透性不足以移开就地产生的水，增加甲烷的回收。在这样的生成层中，在煤床成岩过程中形成的内生裂隙系统提供了水和甲烷能够迁移到生产井中以便移出的通道。水的去除或对煤生成层的“去水”从该通道移出了水，并使得甲烷能够流过该通道，并以较高的速率流入生产井中。
许多煤生成层没有广泛发展的内生裂隙系统，或者有不够发展的内生裂隙系统。这些煤生成层对水的渗透性很低，并且产生水的速率不大。根据，水充满了通道，以高速率从这样的煤生成层中回收甲烷是困难的或不可能的。
因此，人们一直在不断地努力致力于开发出能以较高的速率从这样的煤生成层中回收甲烷的方法。
根据本发明，从这样的含水地下煤生成层回收甲烷的速率可以通过下述方法增加：从地面钻至少一个井进入煤生成层；将氧化剂水溶液注入煤生成层；将氧化剂水溶液在煤生成层中保留选定的时间以激发在煤生成层中形成或强化内生裂隙系统；以增加的速率从煤生成层生产甲烷。
氧化剂水溶液可以包含次氯酸盐、次氯酸的金属盐、过氧化氢、臭氧、氧气及其组合。
从被至少一个注射井和至少一个生产井穿透的含水地下煤生成层中生产甲烷的速率可以通过下述方法增加：
a)通过注射井向煤生成层注射氧化剂水溶液，
b)以增加的速率通过生产井从煤生成层中生产甲烷。
图1是从地面穿透地下煤生成层的井的示意图。
图2是从地面穿透地下煤生成层的井的示意图，其中煤生成层已被压裂。
图3是从地面穿透地下煤生成层的注射井和生产井的示意图。
图4是从地面穿透地下煤生成层的注射井和生产井的示意图，其中煤生成层已被压裂。
图5是5点注射和生产井外型的示意图。
在对图的描述中，相同的数字均指相同的或类似的部件。
在图1中，煤生成层10被井孔14从地面12穿透。井孔14包括用水泥18固定在井孔14上的外套16。或者，外套16可以伸入或通过煤生成层10，在煤缝中穿透通过外套提供流体与煤生成层从外套16的流体输送。井孔14伸入到煤生成层10，包括管道20和填料22。放置填料22的是为了避免管道20外径与外套16内径之间的流动。井孔14也包括用来将气流或液流注入煤生成层10或者从煤生成层回收气流或液流的装置24。
在本发明的目的实践中，箭头26所示的氧化剂水溶液通过管道20注入煤生成层10中，如箭头28所示。被处理的区域用圆圈30表示。将氧化剂水溶液注入煤生成层10选定的时间，以便在煤生成层10中激发或生成内生裂隙系统。氧化剂水溶液被注入一段时间，其用量应足以增加煤生成层10在区30的渗透性。经过选定的时间后，或在注入选定量的氧化剂水溶液后，将井关闭一段时间，可以大于24小时。一般来说，将井关闭直至井孔的压力返回到生成压力，然后至少再12个小时。关闭期间可以允许含氧化剂溶液迁移进入煤生成层10，以氧化煤生成层的成分，以增强煤生成层10的内生裂隙系统。在关闭期间之后，从煤生成层10与甲烷一起回收水，以使区30去水。术语“去水”不是指从煤生成层10中完全除去水，而是指从煤生成层10中除去足量的水，以便在煤生成层10，的内生裂隙系统中打开通道，使得可以通过该通道从煤生成层10生产甲烷。
氧化剂水溶液可以包含选自次氯酸盐、次氯酸的金属盐、过氧化氢、臭氧、氧气及其组合的氧化剂。一般来说，氧化剂的使用浓度小于氧化剂水溶液的10％(体积)。当使用过氧化氢时，浓度最好不超过溶液的10％(体积)，优选5-10％(体积)的浓度。当使用次氯酸盐时，使用不超过5.0％(体积)的浓度。
在图1所示的实施方案中，使用单井注入氧化剂水溶液以型号增强或激发内生裂隙系统在区30中的形成，导致生成水的释放和从煤生成层10的甲烷生产速率的增加。
在图2中，示出了类似的实施方案，不同的是煤生成层被裂缝32压裂。井的操作基本上与图1所示的相同，不同的是煤生成层10预先压碎或者用可以包括氧化剂水溶液的流体在至少部分压裂操作期间压裂。例如，可以采用常规压裂方法，如果煤生成层10足够不渗透，象初始激发方法接着用氧化剂水溶液进行后压裂冲洗。后压裂冲洗增强了整个接触裂缝的区域的内生裂隙渗透性。在这种情况下，最好将井如上述那样关闭并且从上面讨论的氧化剂中选择氧化剂。裂缝在注入氧化剂水溶液之前在煤生成层形成。氧化剂水溶液必要时可以包括压裂液。
在图3中，注射井34和生产井36从地面12穿透到煤生成层10。注射井34与生产井36的根据具体的煤生成层的特性等拉开距离。根据本发明，上述氧化剂水溶液通过注射井34注入煤生成层10，如箭头26和箭头28所示，以处理区域30，它可以从注射井34以大致为圆周的方向伸出，但一般最好伸向附近的一个或多个生产井。生产井36用来从煤生成层10抽出水和甲烷。通过生产井36生产水和甲烷引起氧化剂水溶液向生产井36的迁移。最好继续注入氧化剂水溶液知道增加的水体积在生产井中被探测到或者直到注射＂标签＂物质探测剂表明在生产井36中探测到一定量的氧化剂水溶液。从生产井36产生的水量的增加表示了在煤生成层10中内生裂隙的形成或增强，导致了渗透性的增加使得附加量的水通过生产井36和管线40从煤生成层10释放出来(如箭头38所示)。箭头38从两个方向指向生产井36，应理解为水将继续以较低的速率从煤生成层10的未处理部分回收。
图4所示的实施方案类似于图3的，不同的时煤生成层被裂缝32压裂。图2所示的实施方案中的裂缝32实际上可以是任何程度。与此相反，图4所示的实施方案中，裂缝32最好延伸不超过生产井36的一半。显然，如果裂缝32完全延伸介入生产井36，则难以使用任何种类的流体或气体在注射井34和生产井36之间驱动。裂缝最好延伸不超过注射井34与生产井36之间一半距离。氧化剂水溶液对裂缝32的使用上文已经讨论。
氧化剂水溶液包括次氯酸盐(HOCl)溶液、次氯酸的金属盐(例如NaOCl等)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、臭氧(O3)溶液或氧气(O2)饱和的水。在这些材料中，优选次氯酸盐溶液、过氧化物和臭氧，因为它们更易于以本领域需要的较大量地产生。其中，过氧化氢和臭氧是优选的，因为它们仅将氢和氧成分引入煤生成层10。而家用漂白剂次氯酸盐，是市售的、以高达大约5.0％(体积)的浓度获得的，氯的选自在某些煤生成层中可能是要考虑的因素。过氧化氢和臭氧的浓度不超过大约10％(体积)是适宜的，虽然含有少于大约5.0％(体积)浓度的溶液是优选的。
在图5中，示出了一个5点井排布。这样的井排布在本发明的实践中是有用的并且可以在很宽的区域内以重复的图形使用。这样的排布是本领域技术人员公知的，仅作简要说明。在图5所示的排布中，氧化剂水溶液通过注射井34注入，以处理区30，以增强从生产井36的水和甲烷的回收。当出现氧化剂水溶液突破时----这可以通过从生产井36的水和甲烷以增加的速率产生而看出----停止注入氧化剂水溶液，可以将注射井34转变为生产井。然后可以通过原来的生产井和转变的注射井将该区去水。内生裂隙得以增强的区域将加速去水过程并增加甲烷生产和最终甲烷回收。
本发明的方法也可以用作气体注射处理的预处理，以增强从煤生成层10的甲烷回收。单独或与其它气体一起使用二氧化碳来增加从煤生成层生产甲烷的方法是公知的。类似地，用惰性气体例如氮气、氩气等通过增加生成层的压力，从而随着甲烷在煤缝大气中的分压降低来从煤生成层中除去附加量的甲烷的方法也是本领域技术人员公知的。这类方法的使用需要生成层对气流进入或通过生成层是可渗透的，以便回收甲烷。本发明的方法增强是煤生成层的渗透性并且可以在用气体吹扫或气体解吸处理之前使用，以增加甲烷的回收。
在参照本发明的某些优选的实施方案描述了本发明之后，我们郑重地指出，所述的实施方案是说明性的，而非实质上的限定，在本发明的范围内，还有许多变体或变化。这样的变体和变化在本领域技术人员来阅读了上述优选实施方案的描述之后变得显而易见。
Claims (12)
1.增加从被至少一个井穿透的含水地下煤生成层中生产甲烷速率的方法，该方法包括：
a)向煤生成层注射氧化剂水溶液，
b)将氧化剂水溶液在煤生成层保持选定的时间以增强或激发煤生成层的内生裂隙的生成，
c)以增加的速率从煤生成层中生产甲烷。
2.权利要求1所述的方法，其中通过第一个井将氧化剂水溶液注入煤生成层中；第一个井经过选定的时间后关闭；然后从第一个井中以增加的速率生产甲烷。
3.权利要求1或2所述的方法，煤生成层在注射氧化剂水溶液之前由从井中伸下的裂缝压裂。
4.权利要求1-3中任意一项权利要求所述的方法，其中氧化剂水溶液包括在压裂条件下注射的压裂液以压裂煤生成层。
5.权利要求1-4中任意一项权利要求所述的方法，其中所述氧化剂水溶液包括在煤生成层中至少保留24小时。
6.增加从被至少一个注射井和至少一个生产井穿透的含水地下煤生成层中生产甲烷速率的方法，该方法包括：
a)通过注射井向煤生成层注射氧化剂水溶液，
b)以增加的速率通过生产井从煤生成层中生产甲烷。
7.权利要求6所述的方法，其中将氧化剂水溶液注入煤生成层，直到以增加的速率从生产井回收水。
8.上述任意一项权利要求所述的方法，其中氧化剂水溶液包括选自次氯酸盐、次氯酸的金属盐、过氧化氢、臭氧、氧气及其组合的氧化剂的溶液。
9.权利要求8所述的方法，其中氧化剂选自过氧化氢和臭氧。
10.上述任意一项权利要求所述的方法，其中氧化剂水溶液含有至多大约10％(体积)氧化剂。
11.权利要求1-10中任意一项权利要求所述的方法，其中氧化剂水溶液含有至多大约5％(体积)氧化剂。
12.权利要求11所述的方法，其中氧化剂是含有至多大约5.0％(体积)次氯酸盐的次氯酸盐水溶液。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/594,725 US5669444A (en) | 1996-01-31 | 1996-01-31 | Chemically induced stimulation of coal cleat formation |
| US594,725 | 1996-01-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1165236A true CN1165236A (zh) | 1997-11-19 |
| CN1082605C CN1082605C (zh) | 2002-04-10 |
Family
ID=24380122
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN97102507A Expired - Fee Related CN1082605C (zh) | 1996-01-31 | 1997-01-30 | 用化学诱导方法在煤层内形成裂隙的方法 |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5669444A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1082605C (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU1241297A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2196369C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE19703448C2 (zh) |
| EA (1) | EA000054B1 (zh) |
| GB (1) | GB2309719B (zh) |
| IN (1) | IN191373B (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL185041B1 (zh) |
| UA (1) | UA45348C2 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA97789B (zh) |
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| CN105422067A (zh) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 活性水驱替开采煤层气的方法 |
| CN107325851A (zh) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-11-07 | 太原理工大学 | 一种以液化煤为原料提高生物甲烷产量的方法 |
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- 1997-01-30 CA CA002196369A patent/CA2196369C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-30 PL PL97318207A patent/PL185041B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-30 ZA ZA97789A patent/ZA97789B/xx unknown
- 1997-01-30 UA UA97010369A patent/UA45348C2/uk unknown
- 1997-01-30 IN IN177CA1997 patent/IN191373B/en unknown
- 1997-01-30 CN CN97102507A patent/CN1082605C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-30 AU AU12412/97A patent/AU1241297A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-01-30 DE DE19703448A patent/DE19703448C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100347402C (zh) * | 2002-12-13 | 2007-11-07 | 石油大学(北京) | 煤层气的热力开采方法 |
| CN100351491C (zh) * | 2002-12-13 | 2007-11-28 | 石油大学(北京) | 煤层气的热力开采方法 |
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| CN105422067A (zh) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-23 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 活性水驱替开采煤层气的方法 |
| CN105422067B (zh) * | 2015-12-29 | 2017-11-28 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 活性水驱替开采煤层气的方法 |
| CN107325851A (zh) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-11-07 | 太原理工大学 | 一种以液化煤为原料提高生物甲烷产量的方法 |
| CN109779594A (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-21 | 中国科学技术大学 | 压裂工艺、制氢装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1082605C (zh) | 2002-04-10 |
| DE19703448C2 (de) | 2000-02-17 |
| GB9701833D0 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
| CA2196369A1 (en) | 1997-08-01 |
| DE19703448A1 (de) | 1997-08-07 |
| AU1241297A (en) | 1997-08-07 |
| PL185041B1 (pl) | 2003-02-28 |
| PL318207A1 (en) | 1997-08-04 |
| IN191373B (zh) | 2003-11-29 |
| US5669444A (en) | 1997-09-23 |
| GB2309719B (en) | 1999-07-21 |
| ZA97789B (en) | 1998-07-30 |
| CA2196369C (en) | 2002-07-23 |
| GB2309719A (en) | 1997-08-06 |
| UA45348C2 (uk) | 2002-04-15 |
| EA199700009A1 (ru) | 1997-09-30 |
| EA000054B1 (ru) | 1998-04-30 |
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