CN116516007B - Cd19表达的检测方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于分子生物学技术领域,具体公开了CAR‑T细胞治疗疗效监测技术领域。引物的组合在制备检测肿瘤抗CD19的CAR‑T治疗预后效果的产品中的应用,其中,所述引物的组合包括表1所示的引物。引物的组合在制备检测肿瘤患者的肿瘤细胞表面CD19表达情况的产品中的应用,其中,所述引物的组合包括表1所示的引物。检测肿瘤抗CD19的CAR‑T治疗预后效果的产品,其有效检测组分引物如表1所示。本发明实现了利用分子生物学技术鉴别抗CD19CAR‑T治疗患者的肿瘤CD19表达情况以及监测治疗过程中可变剪接异构体的比例,并将疾病复发机制中可变剪接在临床队列中进行验证,完善了CAR‑T细胞治疗疗效的监测手段。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分子生物学技术领域,尤其涉及CAR-T细胞治疗疗效监测技术领域。
背景技术
CD19是一种持续表达在B细胞表面的跨膜蛋白,通过调节B细胞受体(B cellreceptor,BCR)依赖性和非依赖方式调节其发育、增殖与分化,同时也在95%以上的B细胞肿瘤中表达。靶向CD19的嵌合抗原受体(CAR)-T细胞疗法在多种B细胞恶性肿瘤中展现了显著疗效,其中在急性B淋巴细胞性白血病(B-ALL)中取得了70-90%的完全缓解率,成为了肿瘤免疫治疗领域革命性成就。但仍有30-60%的B-ALL患者面临着抗CD19的CAR-T治疗后疾病复发的难题,尤其是部分患者发生了抗原阴性复发的情况,使得抗CD19的CAR-T疗法的进一步应用受到限制。
在目前提出的抗CD19 CAR-T治疗压力下肿瘤细胞表面CD19分子表达下调或丢失的机制中,最主要的是CD19的mRNA可变剪接体的存在,其翻译产生的蛋白异构体缺乏胞外段、胞膜定位段或与靶向CD19的CAR-T细胞的单链可变区(scFv)结合的抗原表位,因此无法正常表达在胞膜或无法被CAR-T细胞所识别。但该机制需要在更多的抗CD19 CAR-T相关临床研究中进行深入探讨,由于异构体序列的特殊性,如何建立成熟且稳定的可变剪接异构体的检测体系,在一定程度上阻碍了可变剪接机制是否潜在影响抗CD19CAR-T治疗后无效或复发结局的探索研究。
因此,利用分子生物学技术鉴别抗CD19 CAR-T治疗患者的肿瘤CD19表达情况以及监测治疗过程中可变剪接异构体的比例,有利于将疾病复发机制中可变剪接在临床队列中进行验证,从而阐明CAR-T细胞治疗疗效的重要影响因子。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供CD19表达的检测方法,主要解决了CAR-T细胞的单链可变区(scFv)结合的抗原表位无法正常表达在胞膜或无法被CAR-T细胞所识别,使得难以建立成熟且稳定的可变剪接异构体的检测体系等问题。
为了解决上述问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
引物的组合在制备检测肿瘤抗CD19的CAR-T治疗预后效果的产品中的应用,其中,所述引物的组合为下述表1所示的5个引物(对)的组合
表1引物序列
其中,所述引物的组合的作用表现为检测肿瘤细胞表面CD19的表达丰度和/或检测CD19的mRNA可变剪接异构体的比例。
引物的组合在制备检测肿瘤患者的肿瘤细胞表面CD19表达情况的产品中的应用,其中,所述引物的组合为下述5个引物(对)的组合
检测肿瘤抗CD19的CAR-T治疗预后效果的产品,其有效检测组分为下述5个引物(对)
就前述提及的引物(对)组合:引物对1-4是针对CD19基因外显子设计的,这5个位点是基于CD19 RNA的可变剪接体结构设计。CD19 RNA可变剪接体主要包括全长CD19 RNA,第二外显子缺失的可变剪接异构体即Δex2可变剪接体,第5-6外显子缺失的Δex5-6可变剪接体,由于不同可变剪接体的结构不同,因此需要寻找到不同可变剪接体特有和共有的RNA序列位点来设计引物,并通过NCBI BLAST验证特异性才能用于扩增这些可变剪接异构体并进行定量。此外,引物5是用于扩增HPRT1内参基因的,由于CD19表达量相对较低,因此内参基因需要为在细胞中表达丰度较低,才能增加相对定量的准确性,而本发明通过设计实现了准确性的提升。通过计算内参引物和其他引物扩增的ct值最后计算获得CD19及其不同可变剪接异构体相对表达量。因此5个引物都是必不可少的。正反向引物设计在不同外显子上,有利于跑胶时分辨是否为逆转录产生的产物还是扩增的DNA片段。只当针对相同位点设计其他序列不同的引物并能成功扩增产生对应RNA序列的产物,那么这可作为替代方案。若换成其他的替代方案,需要克服引物设计的特异性以及扩增反应高效性的问题,以及克服CD19基因表达丰度较低的问题。由于引物设计不同,也必然导致扩增结果一代测序不同。同时,对于在本发明引物组合的基础上刻意添加其他引物等,在添加成分后并无新的意想不到的效果的前提下,均应当视为采用了本发明的方案。
检测抗CD19的CAR-T治疗肿瘤患者的骨髓样本中肿瘤CD19表达情况的方法,包括下述步骤
S1、骨髓样本RNA提取及cDNA的合成:
提取患者骨髓样本的总RNA,测定总RNA浓度和A260/280比值,
使用CD19基因特异性引物GSP19将总RNA反转录成cDNA原液,测定cDNA原液浓度和A260/280比值,特异性引物GSP19序列为5’-AAGTGTCACTGGCATGTATACAC-3’;
S2、PCR扩增和荧光定量PCR反应:
荧光定量PCR反应,采用试剂盒将反应体系中各组分、引物和ddH2O按照比例混合后离心,分装至荧光定量PCR孔板并加入模板cDNA,将孔板离心,进行PCR扩增反应(反应程序可直接参考现有技术,或依据相应的试剂盒参数进行),并监测荧光定量PCR扩增反应的结果;其中,
反应体系中:19junt1-3(引物对E)引物的终浓度为200nM,19exon3-4引物(引物对C)和19exon4-5引物(引物对D)的终浓度为100nM,(如擎科生物合成的引物按照说明用无菌ddH2O稀释成10uM即可使用),
引物对序列为:
在本发明中,定量PCR反应程序可为:1)95℃预变性5min,2)95℃变性,60℃退火,40个循环,3)熔解曲线,95℃变性15s,60℃退火,95℃变性;采用与本发明反应程序相近条件,且目的相近的前提下应当是视为在本发明的范围内,采用其他的常规反应程序也应当视为等同。
S3、根据有效的荧光定量PCR结果,读取各引物对扩增曲线复孔的CT值,去除CT值>35的反应,分别对每个引物对的扩增曲线多个复孔CT值取平均值(参考式I)后以内参引物HPRT1(引物F)作为对照或以EX34引物对扩增曲线作为对照利用公式I、II计算Δct,采用2-Δct相对定量方法(现有技术)结合公式III、IV计算CD19目的mRNA的水平,
式I:MEAN ct(X)=(ct(复孔1X)+ct(复孔2X)+...ct(复孔nX))/n(比如:MEAN ct(内参)=(ct(复孔1内参)+ct(复孔2内参)...+ct(复孔n内参))/n)、
式II:Δct(目的mRNA)=MEAN ct(目的mRNA)-MEAN ct(内参)、式III:相对表达量(fold-change)=2^(-Δct(目的mRNA))、
式IV:MEAN ct(目的mRNA)=(ct(复孔1目的RNA)+ct(复孔2目的RNA)...+ct(复孔n目的RNA))/n;需要说明的是,在前述参数已知的前提下结合2-Δct相对定量方法计算CD19目的mRNA水平的具体步骤为现有技术,也可采用仪器配合计算,不过多赘述;
还可包括对实时定量荧光PCR结果进行相对定量,确定不同CD19 mRNA可变剪接体表达的比例(具体的方法可参考现有技术)。
在一些情况下,所述的检测抗CD19的CAR-T治疗肿瘤患者的骨髓样本中肿瘤CD19表达情况的方法,还包括下述步骤
S4、将反应体系中19exon1-4扩增引物混合后离心,分装至联管中,并分别加入模板cDNA,进行PCR扩增反应,其中,
19exon1-4扩增引物序列为:FP:GGAGAGTCTGACCACCATGC,RP:GGACACAGAGTCAGGGGGTA,
模版cDNA:由步骤S1中的cDNA原液制备而成,
反应体系中:19exon1-4扩增引物终浓度为400nM,模板cDNA量为2-5μL步骤S1中合成的cDNA原液,2×Taq Plus MasterMix DNA聚合酶,
反应程序为:95℃预变性,95℃变性,60℃退火,72℃延伸,35个循环,最终72℃扩展;
S5、使用1.5%琼脂糖凝胶对步骤S4中PCR扩增反应的产物进行电泳,确定条带后切胶纯化,使用S2中的前向和反向引物进行双向一代测序并分析结果。电泳后根据marker判断产物条带位置,利用蓝光切胶仪和刀片切下单个明亮条带,并置于EP管内保存,切下的条带和对应的反应引物进行后续纯化和一代双向测序并获取结果,将双向测序获得的ABI数据比对至NCBI中CD19转录本,判断产物是否为可变剪接体。
在一些情况下,步骤S2的反应体系中还包括hPAX5引物(引物对A)、hEBF1引物(引物对B)。引物中的A、B主要是用于判断CD19基因转录水平的,首先通过判断CD 19基因转录水平高低,再判断CD 19的可变剪接体情况。其中,步骤S2的反应体系中hPAX5引物对、hEBF1引物对、19junt1-3引物对的终浓度为200nM。
检测肿瘤细胞表面CD19的表达丰度和/或检测CD19的mRNA可变剪接异构体的比例体现为检测肿瘤细胞表面CD19的表达丰度和/或检测CD19的mRNA可变剪接异构体的比例。
本发明的有益效果是:
实现了利用分子生物学技术鉴别抗CD19 CAR-T治疗患者的肿瘤CD19表达情况以及监测治疗过程中可变剪接异构体的比例,并将疾病复发机制中可变剪接在临床队列中进行验证,完善了CAR-T细胞治疗疗效的监测手段。
附图说明
图1为流程图;
图2-3为扩增曲线;
图4为融解曲线;
图5为以HPRT1作为内参引物时CD19相关引物扩增结果;
图6为以19exon3-4作为内参引物时CD19各引物扩增结果;
图7为CD19 exon1-4引物扩增产物条带;
图8为切胶纯化产物一代双向测序比对结果;
图9为切胶纯化产物前向引物一代测序比对结果;
图10为切胶纯化产物反向引物一代测序比对结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的研究项目对本发明做进一步的说明:
一、主要实验材料:
Cwbio CW0581M ultrapure RNA抽提试剂盒,购自康为世纪公司;
III 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis(+gDNA wiper)试剂盒,/>qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix试剂盒,2×Taq Plus Master Mix PCR反应试剂盒,购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;
主要实验仪器:
小型离心机
高速冷冻离心机,thermofic
Nanodrop 8000,thermofic
C1000 TouchTM thermal CyclerPCR仪,BIO-RAD
ABI 7500fast Real time PCR systems,实时荧光定量PCR仪
分析软件:Design&Analysis Software version 2.6.0,2021ThermoFisher Scientific;SnapGene@version 6.0.2;GraphPadPrism version9.0.2。
二、本研究的技术流程示意图如图1所示,主要包括以下步骤:
1.骨髓样本RNA提取及cDNA的合成
(1)采用cwbio CW0581M ultrapure RNA抽提试剂盒提取骨髓样本的总RNA,提取方法参照试剂盒说明书。总RNA浓度和A260/280通过NanoDrop8000微量紫外分光光度计以RNA模式测定。
(2)采用VazemyIII 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis(+gDNA wiper)试剂盒,按照试剂盒说明使用Oligo(dT)20VN和Randomhexamers将总RNA反转录成后续为荧光定量PCR反应的cDNA。使用CD19基因特异性引物GSP19反转录成后续为PCR反应的cDNA,cDNA浓度和A260/280通过NanoDrop8000微量紫外分光光度计以ssDNA模式测定。
2.根据NCBI公布的人CD19基因mRNA预测序列(Genbank accession No.NM_001178098.2;NM_001770.6;NM_001385732.1)设计CD19基因特异性反转录引物GSP19用以逆转生成cDNA,并设计直接或间接鉴别CD19基因第2外显子缺失的引物对EX34和J13或第5-6外显子缺失可变剪接体的引物对EX45;根据NCBI公布的人PAX5基因序列(Genbankaccession No.NM_016734.3)和EBF1基因序列(Genbank accessionNo.NM_024007.5)设计引物对P和E。根据NCBI公布的人HPRT1基因序列(Genbank accession NM_000194.3)设计引物对H:
(1)所述的CD19基因特异性反转录引物GSP19序列为:
5’-AAGTGTCACTGGCATGTATACAC-3’;
(2)所述的扩增第三外显子和第四外显子引物对EX34序列为:
前向引物:5’-GAGCCCCAAGCTGTATGTGT-3’,
反向引物:5’-GGACACAGAGTCAGGGGGTA-3’;
(3)所述的扩增第四外显子和第五外显子引物对EX45序列为:
前向引物:5’-AAGGGGCCTAAGTCATTGCT-3’,
反向引物:5’-CAGCAGCCAGTGCCATAGTA-3’;
(4)所述的扩增第1外显子和第3外显子结合处的引物对J13为:
前向引物:5’-GCCTCCTCTTCTTCCTCCTCTT-3’,
反向引物:5’-CCGGAACAGCTCCCCTTCCACCTTC-3’;
(5)所述的内参基因HPRT1引物对H序列为:
前向引物:5’-TGACACTGGCAAAACAATGCA-3’,
反向引物:5’-GGTCCTTTTCACCAGCAA-3’。
用于检测人CD19基因所有mRNA的引物,是针对CD19基因mRNA的相对保守区域第3外显子的序列(5’GAGCCCCAAGCTGTATGTGT-3’)设计识别所有全长和可变剪接体的19exon3-4的前向引物,在第4外显子上的序列(5’TACCCCCTGACTCTGTGTCC-3’)设计其反向引物;用于检测人CD19基因第2外显子缺失的Δex2可变剪接体的引物,是针对CD19基因mRNA水平全部第2外显子缺失261bp后的部分第1外显子和第3外显子连接处的序列(5’-GAAGGTGGAAGGGGAGCTGTTCCGG-3’),设计识别Δex2可变剪接体的特异性引物Junct1-3的反向引物;在第1外显子上设计Δex2可变剪接体的Junct1-3前向引物。引物对Junct1-3只能扩增有第2外显子缺失的剪接体,能够避免其他已知或未知CD19基因可变剪接体的干扰。用于检测人CD19基因第5-6外显子缺失的Δex5-6可变剪接体的引物,是针对CD19基因第5外显子起始处的序列(5’-TACTATGGCACTGGCTGCTG-3’)设计特异性引物19exon4-5的反向引物,在第4外显子上设计Δex5-6可变剪接体的19exon4-5前向引物。引物对19exon4-5能扩增含有第5外显子的CD19 mRNA,计算Δex5-6可变剪接体的相对含量可通过使用19exon3-4扩增结果减去19exon4-5扩增结果。通过分析CD19基因在骨髓样本中的相对表达丰度,选了适用于作为低表达基因的内参基因HPRT1。
3.以步骤1的cDNA为模板(n=3)计算反应体系并进行实时荧光定量PCR扩增;
荧光定量PCR反应体系中,hPAX5引物、hEBF1引物、19junt1-3引物的终浓度为200nM,19exon3-4引物和19exon4-5引物的终浓度为100nM。擎科生物合成的引物按照说明用无菌ddH2O稀释成10uM即可使用;模板cDNA采用上一步合成的cDNA原液,使其在实时荧光定量PCR反应体系中的终浓度为100ng/μL。采用VazymeqPCR SYBR Green MasterMix试剂盒(2×AceQ qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix、50×ROX Reference Dye 2)预先将反应体系中各组分、上下游引物和ddH2O按照比例混匀后瞬时离心,分装至荧光定量PCR专用的96孔板中,最后分别加入模板cDNA。该过程中尽量避光,并且加样时尽可能排尽枪头中的液体,最后将96孔板于2500rpm离心3min,确保反应液中无气泡后进行实时荧光定量PCR反应。
(1)上下游引物:实时荧光定量PCR反应的扩增引物;
(2)反应程序为:
Stage1:95℃预变性5min;
Stage2:95℃变性10s,60℃退火30s,40个循环;
Stage3:熔解曲线,95℃变性15s,60℃退火60s,95℃15s。
4.软件使用
(1)打开ABI 7500fast软件,新建experiment并命名
(2))选择仪器型号(ABI 7500fast instrument 96wells)
(3)在实验类型中选择2-ΔΔct
(4)试剂种类选择SYBR@Green Reagents
(5)选择运行模式(standard)
(6)进入Plate Setup,命名和排版基因(Target)及样本(Sample)位置
(7)选择reference gene为HPRT1
(8)进入Setup下的Run Method界面,设定反应条件
(9)运行程序
5、根据荧光定量PCR结果,对CD19基因第二外显子和第5-6外显子缺失可变剪接体及内参基因HPRT1的扩增曲线(图2和图3)和融解曲线(图4)分析,图2中各基因扩增曲线均呈“S”形且到达平台期,说明为有效扩增;图4中各基因熔解曲线峰值单一,说明扩增产物特异、无引物二聚体及其他非特异性扩增,可以进行后续结果的分析。读取各引物对扩增曲线复孔的CT值,去除CT值>35的反应,取平均值后分别以内参引物HPRT1作为对照或以EX34引物对扩增曲线作为对照计算Δct,采用2-Δct相对定量方法即可计算CD19所有mRNA的水平。对实时定量荧光PCR结果进行相对定量分析,准确快速地分析不同CD19 mRNA可变剪接体表达的比例(图5-6)。
6、以步骤2中CD19基因特异性引物GSP19反转录产生的PCR反应的cDNA,进行PCR扩增反应;
PCR反应体系中,19exon1-4引物终浓度为400nM,擎科生物合成的引物按照说明用无菌ddH2O稀释成10uM即可使用;模板cDNA量为2-5μL上一步合成的cDNA原液;采用2×TaqPlus Master Mix DNA聚合酶。预先将反应体系中各组分、上下游引物和ddH2O按照比例混匀后瞬时离心,分装至0.4ml 8联管中,最后分别加入模板cDNA。反应程序为:95℃预变性3min;95℃变性15s,60℃退火15s,72℃延伸52s,35个循环;最终扩展72℃5min。
7、配置1.5%琼脂糖凝胶对步骤6的PCR产物进行电泳,120V电压电泳30min,可见条带(图7)。确定条带后切胶纯化,使用前向和反向引物进行双向一代测序并分析结果(图8-10)。
三、研究结果
如图2所示线性扩增曲线:利用如图上6对引物对患者外周血PBMC的cDNA进行实时荧光定量PCR反应(N=3),可见其线性扩增曲线平滑,复孔间重复性好。
如图3所示对数扩增曲线:利用如图上6对引物对患者外周血PBMC的cDNA进行实时荧光定量PCR反应(N=3),可见其对数扩增曲线正常,复孔间重复性好。
如图4所示融解曲线:利用如图上6对引物对患者外周血PBMC的cDNA进行实时荧光定量PCR反应(N=3),可见6对引物的熔解曲线形状良好,单个高峰无前后低峰,融解温度为80℃~88℃之间,复孔间重复性良好。
如图5所示以HPRT1作为内参引物时CD19相关引物扩增结果:患者外周血PBMC的cDNA进行实时荧光定量PCR反应(N=3),以HPRT1作为内参引物,对hPAX5和hEBF1引物扩增ct值进行2Δct法计算分析,获得其相对表达量。
如图6所示以19exon3-4作为内参引物时CD19各引物扩增结果:患者外周血PBMC的cDNA进行实时荧光定量PCR反应(N=3),以19exon3-4作为内参引物,对19exon4-5和junct1-3引物扩增ct值进行2Δct法计算分析,获得其相对表达量,19exon4-5代表除Δex5-6可变剪接异构体的相对所有CD19RNA的比例;junct1-3项代表Δex2可变剪接异构体的相对所有CD19 RNA的比例。
如图7所示CD19exon1-4引物扩增产物条带:以CD19exon1-4引物对患者外周血PBMC的cDNA进行PCR反应(N=3),并进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,获得一条较深和一条较浅条带,根据对比marker较深条带位于500bp至750bp之间,较浅条带位于250bp。
如图8所示切胶纯化产物一代双向测序比对结果:以CD19exon1-4引物对患者外周血PBMC的cDNA进行PCR反应,并将PCR产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳一代双向测序,对较深的条带进行切胶纯化后,获得正向测序序列和反向测序序列后与引物扩增的CD19的转录本NM_001770.6进行比对,可见高度匹配一致。
如图9所示切胶纯化产物前向引物一代测序比对结果:切胶纯化产物的前向引物测序序列结果与CD19exon1-4引物引物对扩增产物序列详细对比,可见序列高度匹配。
如图10所示切胶纯化产物反向引物一代测序比对结果:切胶纯化产物的前向引物测序序列结果与CD19exon1-4引物引物对扩增产物序列详细对比,可见序列高度匹配。
为本发明实验关于人CD19多个可变剪接转录本及其相关基因转录本的表达情况,经过比对计算发现,CD19基因的各转录本主要为全长mRNA表达量最高,第二外显子缺失的剪接体和第5、6外显子缺失的剪接体在该样本中占比较低,通过纵向观测在CD19 CAR-T治疗前后复发时样本CD19可变剪接体比例变化,可为后续验证可变剪接体作为CD19阴性复发的重要机制之一提供手段。
本领域的技术人员可以明确,在不脱离本发明的总体精神以及构思的情形下,可以做出对于以上实施例的各种变型。其均落入本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护方案以本发明所附的权利要求书为准。
Claims (4)
1.引物的组合在制备检测肿瘤抗CD19的CAR-T治疗预后效果的产品中的应用,其中,所述引物的组合由下述5个引物的组成
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述引物的组合的作用表现为检测肿瘤细胞表面CD19的表达丰度和/或检测CD19的mRNA可变剪接异构体的比例。
3.引物的组合在制备检测肿瘤患者的肿瘤细胞表面CD19表达情况的产品中的应用,其中,所述引物的组合由下述5个引物的组成
4.检测肿瘤抗CD19的CAR-T治疗预后效果的产品,其特征在于,其有效组分为下述5个引物
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