CN116515078B - 一种煤矿用薄喷支护材料 - Google Patents
一种煤矿用薄喷支护材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种煤矿用薄喷支护材料,由白料和黑料组成;白料包括多种聚醚多元醇的混合物,黑料包括多异氰酸酯;其中,聚醚多元醇包括含硅聚醚多元醇。本发明的煤矿用薄喷支护材料与围岩表面牢固粘结性能好,同时具有较佳的力学性能,因而支护性能更好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于煤矿井下生产技术领域;涉及一种煤矿用薄喷支护材料。
背景技术
在煤矿巷道支护方面,锚喷支护作为一种经济有效的方法得到广泛应用。一般认为,喷射混凝土在减少应力集中、支撑冠石、改善围岩力学性能等方面具有一定的支护作用,但存在效率低、粉尘浓度和回弹率高、有事故隐患等问题。随着煤矿机械化程度提高及煤矿逐步进入深部开采而日益突出。
薄喷衬层(Thin spray-on liners,TSL)是通过喷涂薄膜进行表层防护的技术,喷层厚度一般 5-10mm,广泛应用于地下矿井密闭工程,例如防突水、防漏风、瓦斯抽采封闭等。
TSL材料可分为高分子反应型和非反应型两种。两种 TSL 材料各有优缺点。非反应型 TSL 造价便宜,但依然需要数天的时间凝固,产生粘结、抗拉强度的速度较慢;并且非反应型 TSL属于脆性材料,难以满足大变形巷道对延展性的需求。高分子反应型 TSL 材料化学反应时间约几十秒,固化后立刻产生支护作用,具有“即喷即用”的效果。高分子反应型TSL 可以通过控制分子链结构使材料具有不同的刚度和延展性组合,满足不同矿井甚至不同巷道地质环境的支护需求;但是,较非反应型反应型TSL,高分子材料造价高,喷涂装备更复杂。
由于其很小的厚度和良好的弹性,喷涂柔膜发明的初始阶段被作为一种表面封闭技术,然而在其实际应用的过程中,人们逐渐意识到其具备支护作用。喷涂柔膜产品常见的用途有:锚杆之间区域的支护;代替网;爆破后立即施工作为主要支护;喷射混凝土之前的临时支护;困难围岩条件下盾构隧道的临时支护;降低冲击矿压伤害;矿柱强化;工作面的支护;大尺寸机械钻孔的衬层和稳定作用;回风巷道的稳定作用;溜井衬层;防止落石;气体密闭作用;防止围岩退化(风化、侵蚀、膨胀、水化)以及围岩表面改性(水分、热、潮湿或化学污染)。
中国专利申请CN108822730A公开了一种用于巷道加固粘尘的薄喷材料及制备方法,包括5%-10%的羧甲基纤维素钠、10%-15%的丙烯酸、20%-25%的聚合氯化铝、0.05-0.1%的引发剂、0.01%-0.05%的盐酸、0.01%-0.05%的引发剂、0.01%-0.05%的交联剂,余量为水。以羧甲基纤维素钠为基体,通过接枝改性与丙烯酸反应形成中间产物,再与聚合氯化铝通过配位螯合作用制备强力喷涂材料,在混凝土以及锚网表面进行喷涂,会起到二次加固围岩防止巷道漏风作用,可大大加大巷道支护强度并粘附大量风流携入的粉尘。
中国专利申请CN103088192A公开了一种矿用复合薄喷材料及其制备与使用方法,该矿用复合薄喷材料,由以下质量百分比的组分制成:40%~50%脱炭粉煤灰,0.5%~2%石墨烯纳米粉,15%成膜剂,1%分散助剂,0.2%~0.4%增稠剂,1%~2%硅烷偶联剂,余量为水。使用时先将配制好的复合薄喷材料置于喷射机开放式的料仓,在需要堵漏的地点使用时先清理作业现场,每层喷浆完成后,间隔1~2d,待原喷层完全干燥后再进行二次复喷堵漏。该发明的矿用复合薄喷材料具有阻燃性能好、抗氧化性能良好、密封性强、堵漏效果好的特点,能够有效抑制煤壁氧化,阻燃防静电,在一定期限内封堵瓦斯,减缓瓦斯超限;能够快速施工,低粉尘、不回弹,柔性好、不易开裂,安全可靠。
中国专利申请CN115746599A公开了一种煤矿用双组分无机薄喷材料,属于喷涂材料技术领域;含有A、B两种组分;所述A组分包括高铝水泥、黄磷炉渣、抗流挂剂、纳米TiO2、聚丙烯防裂纤维、pva纤维、促凝激发剂;所述B组分包括PTB乳液、VAE乳液、淀粉糊化液、硅烷偶联剂、聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、酚醛树脂、水;该发明所述的无机薄喷材料的喷涂厚度可控,最小厚度可达1mm;薄喷材料抗流挂、不易滴料、不易开裂、耐久性好;解决低温矿井内喷涂材料强度低,易开裂的问题。
然而,现有煤矿用薄喷支护材料仍然存在着支护性能不够理想的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种煤矿用薄喷支护材料。与现有技术相比,本发明所述的煤矿用薄喷支护材料支护性能更好。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采取的技术方案如下:一种煤矿用薄喷支护材料,由白料和黑料组成;所述白料包括多种聚醚多元醇的混合物,所述黑料包括多异氰酸酯;其中,所述聚醚多元醇包括含硅聚醚多元醇。
有利地,所述含硅聚醚多元醇选自端羟基聚醚改性聚二甲氧基硅氧烷(PEPSO)。
在本发明中,PEPSO重均分子量为2200道尔顿,购自上海泰格聚合物技术有限公司。
有利地,所述聚醚多元醇包括两种官能度≥3的聚醚多元醇。
有利地,所述聚醚多元醇包括乙二胺聚醚四元醇和蔗糖丙三醇聚醚多元醇。
乙二胺聚醚四元醇由乙二胺为起始剂与环氧丙烷聚合得到,重均分子量为300道尔顿。
在一个具体的实施方式中,所述乙二胺聚醚四元醇选自聚醚403;羟值 735-805mgKOH/g;粘度为4500-6500cpa·s。
蔗糖丙三醇聚醚多元醇由蔗糖、丙三醇为起始剂与环氧丙烷聚合得到,官能度为4.0-4.5。
在一个具体的实施方式中,蔗糖丙三醇聚醚多元醇选自聚醚4110;羟值 400-460mg KOH/g;粘度为2500-3500cpa·s。
有利地,所述白料进一步包括多巴胺改性碳纤维。
有利地,所述多巴胺改性碳纤维由硫酸预处理的碳纤维与多巴胺通过改性反应得到。
有利地,所述白料进一步包括催化剂。
有利地,所述白料进一步包括二甲基硅油。
有利地,所述多异氰酸酯选自二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)。
有利地,白料配方如下表1:
黑料配方如下表2:
与现有技术相比,本发明所述的煤矿用薄喷支护材料与围岩表面牢固粘结性能好,同时具有较佳的力学性能,因而支护性能更好。
具体实施方式
必须指出的是,除非上下文另外明确规定,否则如本说明书及所附权利要求中所用,单数形式“一”、“一个/种”和“该/所述”既可包括一个指代物,又可包括多个指代物(即两个以上,包括两个)。
除非另外指明,否则本发明中的数值范围为大约的,并且因此可以包括在所述范围外的值。所述数值范围可在本发明表述为从“约”一个特定值和/或至“约”另一个特定值。当表述这样的范围时,另一个方面包括从所述一个特定值和/或至另一个特定值。相似地,当通过使用先行词“约”将值表示为近似值时,应当理解,所述特定值形成另一个方面。还应当理解,数值范围中每一个的端点在与另一个端点的关系中均是重要的并独立于另一个端点。
在说明书和最后的权利要求书中提及组合物或制品中特定元素或组分的重量份是指组合物或制品中该元素或组分与任何其它元素或组分之间以重量份表述的重量关系。
在本发明中,除非具体指出有相反含义,或基于上下文的语境或所属技术领域内惯用方式的暗示,否则本发明中提及的溶液均为水溶液;当水溶液的溶质为液体时,所有分数以及百分比均按体积计,且组分的体积百分比基于包含该组分的组合物或产品的总体积;当水溶液的溶质为固体时,所有分数以及百分比均按重量计,且组分的重量百分比基于包含该组分的组合物或产品的总重量。
本发明中提及的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”以及类似术语并不意欲排除任何可选组分、步骤或程序的存在,而无论是否具体公开任何可选组分、步骤或程序。为了避免任何疑问,除非存在相反陈述,否则通过使用术语“包含”要求的所有方法可以包括一个或多个额外步骤、设备零件或组成部分以及/或物质。相比之下,术语“由……组成”排除未具体叙述或列举的任何组分、步骤或程序。除非另外说明,否则术语“或”是指单独以及以任何组合形式列举的成员。
此外,本发明中任何所参考的专利文献或非专利文献的内容都以其全文引用的方式并入本发明,尤其关于所属领域中公开的定义(在并未与本发明具体提供的任何定义不一致的情况下)和常识。
在本发明中,除非另外指明,否则份数均为重量份,温度均以℃表示或处于环境温度下,并且压力为大气压或接近大气压。室温表示20-30℃。存在反应条件(例如组分浓度、所需的溶剂、溶剂混合物、温度、压力和其它反应范围)以及可用于优化通过所述方法得到的产物纯度和收率的条件的多种变型形式和组合。将只需要合理的常规实验来优化此类方法条件。
实施例1
将平均直径5μm的碳纤维浸没到3mol/L硫酸溶液中,超声搅拌15min,使碳纤维分散均匀;室温下反应2h,取出,水洗至中性,烘干,得到预处理的碳纤维。
将预处理的碳纤维加入到3g/L盐酸多巴胺溶液中,调节pH=8.2;室温下反应24h,取出,水洗至中性,得到多巴胺改性碳纤维。
实施例2
一种煤矿用薄喷支护材料,由白料和黑料组成。
白料配方如下表3:
黑料配方如下表4:
比较例1
一种煤矿用薄喷支护材料,由白料和黑料组成。
白料配方如下表5:
黑料配方如下表6:
比较例2
一种煤矿用薄喷支护材料,由白料和黑料组成。
白料配方如下表7:
黑料配方如下表8:
比较例3
一种煤矿用薄喷支护材料,由白料和黑料组成。
白料配方如下表9:
黑料配方如下表10:
拉伸性能是影响 TSL 材料支护效果的重要力学参数。试验方法采用巴西劈裂法,应变施加速度为1mm/min。试样制备方法为:将黑料和白料混合后倒入内部涂有润滑油的PVC抗拉模具中,彻底固化后脱模,获得两夹持端 Φ30mm长50mm,测试段Φ20 mm长100mm的骨棒状试样。室温放置7天,采用万能电子力学试验机测量试样的抗拉强度(MPa)和断裂伸长率(%)。
TSL 材料与围岩表面牢固粘结形成复合结构是 TSL 材料护表的重要性能,反映出喷射TSL 材料后的岩石完整性。试验方法为:将黑料和白料混合后喷涂在褐煤煤岩基底表面,薄喷涂层厚度为5mm。采用万能电子力学试验机测量试样与褐煤煤岩基底之间的粘结强度(MPa),应变施加速度为1mm/min。
结果参见表11。
此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明的技术方案作出各种改动、替换、删减、修正或调整,这些等价技术方案同样落于本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种煤矿用薄喷支护材料,其特征在于,由白料和黑料组成;
白料配方如下:
组分 重量份
聚醚多元醇4110 70;
聚醚多元醇 403 20;
端羟基聚醚改性聚二甲氧基硅氧烷PEPSO 10;
多巴胺改性碳纤维 3;
二月桂酸二丁基锡 3;
二甲基硅油 2;
黑料配方如下:
组分 重量份
二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI 108;
其中,
所述多巴胺改性碳纤维由硫酸预处理的碳纤维与多巴胺通过改性反应得到。
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