CN116515008A - 一种改善酒精性肝损伤的硒多糖及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种改善酒精性肝损伤的硒多糖及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
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- C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改善酒精性肝损伤的硒多糖及其制备方法与应用。其通过富硒栽培的方式获得富硒姬松茸子实体，然后采用水提醇沉法从该子实体中提取获得粗硒多糖，并利用中空纤维切向流膜分离出姬松茸多糖中大于10KD的组分，再由DEAE‑52和Sephadex G‑100柱层析进一步纯化，得到单一硒多糖组分AbPSe，该硒多糖组分由葡萄糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、半乳糖组成，其对长期饮酒造成的肝脏损伤有良好的缓解作用，可开发为防治酒精性肝损伤的药品或保健品。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种改善酒精性肝损伤的硒多糖及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
由于中国特有的饮食文化，酒精性肝病的发病率持续上升，成为导致肝病的主要原因之一。而联苯双酯等药物因在临床上的副作用，导致其在治疗肝脏相关疾病时受到限制。因此，探索一种具有抗氧化能力的新型天然药物干预酒精性肝损伤具有必要性和重要意义。
硒已被证明有抗癌和增强免疫力的功能，多糖的硒功能化是天然食品补充剂和癌症治疗剂等领域中备受关注的前瞻性研究。由于硒的化学性质，它与多糖分子结合能形成特殊的硒氧键，不仅显著降低毒性，而且具有硒和多糖的双重活性，发挥更强的生物功能。因此多糖与硒的结合可能是增强多糖生物活性的方式之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种改善酒精性肝损伤的硒多糖及其制备方法与应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种改善酒精性肝损伤的硒多糖，其含有以下结构片段：→3)-β-Glcp-(1→3)-β-Glcp-(1→3,6)-β-Glcp-(1→4)-α-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-Glcp-(1→3)-α-Manp-(1→，且α-1,3-Rhap作为支链连接在β-1,3,6-Glcp的C3位点；所述硒多糖中硒含量为5.28 mg·kg-1。
进一步地，所述硒多糖AbPSe的重均分子量（Mw）为4.52×104Da、数均分子量（Mn）的值为2.485×104Da、Z-均分子量（Mz）为1.409×105、多分散性系数PDI为1.819。
进一步地，所述硒多糖由葡萄糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、半乳糖组成，其质量百分比为83.43%、3.29%、5.29%、4.63%、3.36%。
所述硒多糖的制备方法括以下步骤：
1）姬松茸的富硒栽培：采用含硒栽培料对姬松茸进行栽培，获得姬松茸子实体；
2）粗硒多糖的提取：将富硒栽培获得的姬松茸子实体加水煮沸进行提取，提取液经浓缩、除蛋白、4 ℃醇沉过夜、除色素、4 ℃二次醇沉过夜后，所得沉淀经冷冻干燥，得到粗硒多糖；
3）硒多糖的分离纯化：将所得粗硒多糖采用中空纤维切向流膜进行分离，所得组分先采用DEAE-52纤维素离子交换层析柱进行分离纯化，再采用Sephadex G-100葡聚糖凝胶柱进行分离纯化，最终制得所述硒多糖。
进一步地，步骤1）所述含硒栽培料中硒含量为10mg/kg干料，其所用硒源为亚硒酸钠。
进一步地，步骤2）水提中的料液比为1g:30mL，提取时间为2h。
进一步地，步骤3）中经中空纤维切向流膜分离得到分子量大于10 KD的组分。
进一步地，步骤3）中采用DEAE-52纤维素离子交换层析柱进行分离纯化时，采用水及0.1、0.2、0.5、1 mol·L-1的NaCl溶液为洗脱液进行洗脱，其洗脱液流速为0.5 mL·min-1，并收集0.5 mol·L-1NaCl溶液洗脱的部分。
进一步地，步骤3）中采用Sephadex G-100葡聚糖凝胶柱进行分离纯化时，以去离子水作为洗脱液进行洗脱。
上述所得硒多糖具有缓解酒精性肝损伤的功效，因而可用于制备防治酒精性肝损伤的药品或保健品。
本发明的显著效果在于：
本发明通过在栽培基质中添加无机硒（Na2SeO3）的方法栽培富硒姬松茸，然后通过水提醇沉法提取粗硒多糖，并利用中空纤维切向流膜分离出姬松茸多糖中大于10KD的组分，再由DEAE-52和Sephadex G-100柱层析进一步纯化得到单一硒多糖组分AbPSe，其纯度达到97%以上。该硒多糖对长期饮酒造成的肝脏损伤有良好的缓解作用，有望成为一种改善酒精性肝损伤的有机硒补充剂等药品或保健品。
附图说明
图1为AbPSe的分子量分布图。
图2a为AbPSe的1H NMR图。
图2b为AbPSe的13C NMR图。
图2c为AbPSe的DQF-COSY图。
图2d为AbPSe的HSQC图。
图2e为AbPSe的HMBC图。
图3为AbPSe的单糖组成图。
图4为不同处理组小鼠体重增长曲线（a）和体重增量（b）的对比图。
图5为不同处理组小鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、AST和ALT含量的对比图。
图6为不同处理组小鼠肝脏中TC、TG、SOD、MDA、GSH-Px、GSH、CAT、ADH和ALD含量（注：*/**表示该组与Control组相比，p<0.05 /p<0.01; # / ##表示该组与Model组相比，p<0.05 /p<0.01）。
图7为不同处理组小鼠的组织病理学切片100倍和400倍图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解，下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明，但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例
1. 姬松茸的富硒栽培：将亚硒酸钠配成含硒溶液，然后按硒用量为10mg/kg干料的量将其均匀喷洒在栽培料上，得到含亚硒酸钠的栽培料，用该栽培料对姬松茸进行栽培，获得富硒的姬松茸子实体。
2. 粗硒多糖的提取：取富硒栽培获得的姬松茸子实体干样，按1g:30mL的量加水混匀并煮沸2 h，过滤去掉滤渣，利用旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液至原体积的1/5；然后加入其体积1/3的氯仿-正丁醇（4:1，v/v）混合溶液，磁力搅拌充分混匀，静置除去蛋白层，重复该操作至无明显的蛋白层；再利用旋转蒸发仪除去有机溶剂，加4倍体积无水乙醇混匀，4 ℃静置过夜，4000 rpm离心10 min，所得沉淀复溶后采用大孔树脂去除色素，再按上述步骤经过滤、浓缩、4 ℃醇沉过夜、离心，沉淀冷冻干燥，得到粗硒多糖。
3. 硒多糖的分离纯化
（1）将所得粗硒多糖进行复溶，利用中空纤维切向流膜分离系统，分离出分子量大于10 KD的组分，浓缩后进行冷冻干燥；
（2）DEAE-52纤维素离子交换柱层析
柱填料预处理：称取一定量DEAE-52纤维素交换树脂，用双蒸水充分溶胀，玻璃棒搅拌均匀后静置1 h，去除浮粒后真空抽滤，滤掉水分后用0.5 M HCl浸泡1 h左右，再用双蒸水泡洗直到中性；然后用0.5 M NaOH浸泡1 h 左右，洗至中性；超声脱气10 min（超声时可放入一个冰袋，避免超声温度高破坏柱填料性质）。
装柱：层析柱（规格为2.6 cm×40 cm）洗净连接，向其底部加入一定量去离子水，然后将上述预处理后的DEAE-52纤维素加入一定量双蒸水搅匀，用玻璃棒贴壁引流缓慢注入层析柱中（整个过程应防止气泡产生），并用2倍柱体积左右的去离子水平衡柱床（柱床表面可覆盖一张大小合适的滤纸，避免加样造成柱面不平整）。
加样：称取0.2 g的粗硒多糖，加入10 ml双蒸水充分溶解，5000 rpm离心后取上清，用0.45 μm的微孔滤膜过滤后进行上样，然后依次用水及0.1、0.2、0.5、1 mol·L-1的NaCl溶液洗脱，洗脱液流速为0.5 mL·min-1，分别收集洗脱液，每管10 ml。选取0.5 mol·L-1NaCl溶液洗脱得到的组分进行下一步纯化。
（3）Sephadex G-100 葡聚糖凝胶柱层析
柱填料预处理：取一定量Sephadex G-100葡聚糖凝胶柱填料，用去离子水充分溶胀24 h，待体积不发生变化后，去除表面浮沫，并用去离子水反复漂洗，去除浮沫，从而保证分离效果。
装柱：向规格为2.6 cm×40 cm的层析柱底部装1/3的去离子水，然后将预处理好的柱填料用玻璃棒引流，缓慢沿壁加入到层析柱中，并用3-5倍柱体积的去离子水平衡柱面（过程中要排出管道内空气，并且避免气泡产生）。
加样洗脱：取适量经DEAE-52层析柱纯化后收集的硒多糖组分，用去离子水溶解后过0.45 μm的微孔滤膜，以去离子水作为洗脱液，用0.5 mL·min-1的流速洗脱，收集洗脱液，每管5 mL。收集的洗脱液进行蒸发浓缩，冷冻干燥。
4. 硒多糖的纯度检测及结构解析
采用高效液相色谱联用多角度激光散射仪测定AbPSe的分子量以及纯度，结果如图1所示。由图1可见，所得硒多糖AbPSe为一个单一对称峰和一个小峰，其纯度达到97.07%。经进一步检测，AbPSe的重均分子量（Mw）为4.52×104Da、数均分子量（Mn）的值为2.485×104Da、Z-均分子量（Mz）为1.409×105、多分散性系数PDI（Mw/Mn）为1.819。
采用1D和2D NMR对AbPSe中糖残基类型和连接方式进行解析，结果如图2所示。在硒多糖的1H NMR谱中观察到3个异头氢信号。其中，δ 4.44在δ 4.3～4.8之间，为β构型糖残基的异头氢信号；δ 4.91、δ 4.99位于δ 4.8～5.5之间，为α构型糖残基的异头氢信号。在13CNMR谱中观察到102.96、102.86、102.45、101.41、97.87五个显著的异头碳信号。HSQC提供糖残基上直接相连的C，H相关信号，根据HSQC首先确定了各异头碳对应的异头氢信号。HSQC中共观察到δ 4.44/102.96、δ 4.44/102.86、δ 4.71/102.45、δ 4.9/97.87、δ4.99/101.41、δ4.97/97.79 6个异头交叉信号，将其依次归属为残基a~残基f。
1H,1H COSY主要显示邻位质子耦合信号。根据COSY中δ 4.44/3.24，δ3.24/3.41两个相邻氢信号，确定了残基a的H-2（3.24），H-3（3.41）。根据HSQC中δ 3.24/72.85，3.41/75.34，进一步确定了残基a的C-2（72.85），C-3（75.34）。HMBC显示远程异核位移相关信号。根据HMBC中δ 4.44/74.68，δ 4.44/68.58，确定了残基a的C-5（74.68），C-6（68.58）。结合HSQC中δ 3.54/74 .68、δ 3.76/68.58和δ 4.15/68.58，确定了残基a的H-5（3.54）和H-61（3.76）和H-62（4.15）。结合 COSY中δ 3.54/3.37和HSQC中δ 3.37/69.41，进一步确定了残基a的H-4/C-4（δ 3.37/69.41）。残基a的C、H信号均被归属并总结于表3-3，最终其为β-1,3,6-Glcp。
根据COSY中δ 4.71/3.35和HSQC中δ 3.35/69.56，确定了残基c的H-2/C-2（3.35/69.56）。根据HMBC中δ 4.71/84.18、δ 4.71/72.52、δ 4.71/69.25、δ 3.43/84.18和COSY中δ3.63/3.43分别确定了残基c的C-3（84.18）、C-4（69.26）、H-5/C-5（3.43/72.52）和H-6（3.63）。根据HSQC中δ 3.65/84.18、δ 3.54/69.26、δ3.43/72.52、δ 3.63/60.17和δ 3.83/60.17，确定了残基c的H-3（3.65）、H-4/C-4（3.54/69.26）和C-6（60.17），最终残基c的C,H信号均得到归属并确定其为β-1,3-Glcp。
HSQC中δ 3.24/75.56、δ 3.43/72.21、δ 3.31/69.54、δ 3.54/69.36、δ3.63/60.17、δ 3.83/60.17六个信号峰的强度与残基b的H-1/C-1（δ 4.44/102.86）强度一致，说明这6个信号属于残基b的C/H信号。并且，该组信号中各氢化学位移与残基a非常相近，说明其为Glcp。进一步根据HSQC得到残基b中各碳信号化学位移，确定残基b为β-T-Glcp。
COSY中δ 4.91/3.78和HMBC中δ 4.91/69.32、δ 4.91/66.42为残基d H-1/H-2、H-1/C-3、H-1/C-6间的相关信号。结合HMBC中δ 3.61/66.42、δ3.91/75.54，确定了残基d的H-4和C-5。结合HSQC确定残基d的H-2/C-2~H61/C-6，H62/C-6依次分别为δ 3.78/74.96、δ3.91/69.32、δ 3.61/80.65、δ 3.67/75.54、δ 3.59/66.42、δ3.82/66.42。与残基a相比，残基d的H-2化学位移值显著升高，为半乳糖残基的特征变化。结合残基d C-4化学位移的升高，最终确定残基d为α-1,4-Galp。
根据HMBC中δ 4.99/68.53、δ 4.99/77.8，确定了残基e的C-3和C-5。进一步根据HMBC中的δ 3.76/68.53、δ 3.82/77.8和COSY中δ 3.98/3.72，依次确定了残基e的H-2、H-6和H-4。结合HSQC，最终归属了残基e的H-1/C-2~H-61,H61/C-6信号，并确定其为α-1,3-Manp。
HSQC中δ 1.14/14.76为 Rhap的H-6/C-6特征信号。根据COSY中δ 1.14/4.12和HMBC中δ 1.14/71.58、δ 1.14/67.73，确定了残基f的H-5、C-2和C-4。根据HMBC中的δ 3.67/66.77，确定了残基f的H-3（3.67）。结合HSQC，最终归属了残基d中的各C,H信号，并最终确定残基f为α-1,3-Rhap。
在确定各残基类型后，利用HMBC谱进一步推断了多糖中各残基之间的连接顺序。HMBC中δ 4.71/84.18, δ 4.71/68.58表明β-1,3-Glcp的H-1与β-1,3-Glcp的C-3，β-1,3-Glcp的H-1与β-1,3,6-Glcp的C-6信号相关；δ 4.44/80.65, δ 4.91/68.58表明β-1,3,6-Glcp的H-1与α-1,4-Galp的C-4，α-1,4-Galp的H-1与β-1,3,6-Glcp的C-6信号相关；此外，δ4.44/77.8，δ 4.97/75.3表明α-1,3-Rhap的H-1与β-1,3,6-Glcp的C-3相关。根据以上分析结果，确定多糖含有以下主要片段：→3)-β-Glcp-(1→3)-β-Glcp-(1→3,6)-β-Glcp-(1→4)-α-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-Glcp-(1→3)-α-Manp-(1→且α-1,3-Rhap作为支链连接在β-1,3,6-Glcp的C3位点，该多糖为一种新型的姬松茸硒多糖。
5. 单糖组成测定结果
采用高效液相色谱测定的单糖组成，其分结果如图3所示。由图3可见，AbPSe主要由葡萄糖组成，葡萄糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、半乳糖占比依次为83.43%、3.29%、5.29%、4.63%、3.36%。
6.该硒多糖对酒精性肝损伤的改善作用
取56只SPF级昆明小鼠（雄性，体重45.6±2.26 g），然后分为4组，用50%乙醇溶液灌胃建立小鼠酒精性肝损伤模型。Model组（50%乙醇+灌胃与药物组等量的蒸馏水）；Control组（蒸馏水+灌胃与药物组等量的蒸馏水）；AbPSeH组（50%乙醇+200 mg·kg-1体重的硒多糖）；AbPSeL组（50%乙醇+50 mg·kg-1体重的硒多糖）；根据姬松茸每日推荐用量（20 g/天）、硒每日推荐摄入量（50-250 μg）和富硒姬松茸多糖提取率（10%）等因素，为了使小鼠与人体等效剂量灌胃，按照人体临床剂量与小鼠体表面积换算，得到低剂量的AbPSeL组给药剂量，高剂量的AbPSeH组给药剂量为AbPSeL组的4倍。
试验期间，随时为小鼠准备无菌饲料和无菌水。实验开始后，每周固定时间测定每只小鼠体重并记录，制作小鼠的体重变化曲线。经过六周的试验后，收集小鼠新鲜血液，肝脏以及盲肠内容物。新鲜血液常温放置0.5 h，然后4000 rpm、20℃条件下离心5 min，获得血清，并放入-80℃保存，并用试剂盒测定血清生化参数（总胆固醇（TG）、总甘油三酯（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST））；液氮速冻新鲜肝脏后放入-80℃保存，根据试剂盒说明，使用高速均质机制备10% 肝组织匀浆，检测肝脏生化参数（TG、TC、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、总超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）、乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH））。另收集部分肝脏置于4%甲醛中固定，之后用苏木精-伊红染色法染色并进行病理学分析，测定结果见图4-图7。
结果表明，与酒精性肝损伤模型组小鼠相比，采用AbPSe进行干预后，与脂质代谢相关的血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量和肝脏TC、TG含量显著下降，血清HDL-C含量显著上升；与酒精代谢相关的AST和ALT活性显著下降，ADH和ALDH活性显著上升；与抗氧化能力相关的SOD、GSH-Px、CAT酶活性显著升高，GSH含量上升，MDA含量显著下降（p<0.05），且呈剂量依赖。说明硒多糖AbPSe可以显著缓解长期饮酒带来的酒精代谢能力下降、脂质代谢紊乱以及肝脏氧化应激；肝脏病理学检测也显示出硒多糖AbPSe能够有效缓解饮酒对肝脏造成的伤害，且高剂量组效果更加显著。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (10)
1. 一种改善酒精性肝损伤的硒多糖，其特征在于，该硒多糖含有以下结构片段：→3)-β-Glcp-(1→3)-β-Glcp-(1→3,6)-β-Glcp-(1→4)-α-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-Glcp-(1→3)-α-Manp-(1→，且α-1,3-Rhap作为支链连接在β-1,3,6-Glcp的C3位点；所述硒多糖中硒含量为5.28 mg·kg-1。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的改善酒精肝损伤的硒多糖，其特征在于，所述硒多糖AbPSe的重均分子量为4.52×104 Da、数均分子量的值为2.485×104 Da、Z-均分子量为1.409×105、多分散性系数PDI为1.819。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改善酒精肝损伤的硒多糖，其特征在于，所述硒多糖由葡萄糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、半乳糖组成，其质量百分比为83.43%、3.29%、5.29%、4.63%、3.36%。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的硒多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1）姬松茸的富硒栽培：采用含硒栽培料对姬松茸进行栽培，获得姬松茸子实体；
2）粗硒多糖的提取：将富硒栽培获得的姬松茸子实体加水煮沸进行提取，提取液经浓缩、除蛋白、4 ℃醇沉过夜、除色素、4 ℃二次醇沉过夜后，所得沉淀经冷冻干燥，得到粗硒多糖；
3）硒多糖的分离纯化：将所得粗硒多糖采用中空纤维切向流膜进行分离，所得组分先采用DEAE-52纤维素离子交换层析柱进行分离纯化，再采用Sephadex G-100葡聚糖凝胶柱进行分离纯化，最终制得所述硒多糖。
5.根据权利要求4所述的硒多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）所述含硒栽培料中硒含量为10mg/kg干料，其所用硒源为亚硒酸钠。
6.根据权利要求4所述的硒多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2）水提中的料液比为1g:30mL，提取时间为2h。
7. 根据权利要求4所述的硒多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3）中经中空纤维切向流膜分离得到分子量大于10 KD的组分。
8. 根据权利要求4所述的硒多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3）中采用DEAE-52纤维素离子交换层析柱进行分离纯化时，采用水及0.1、0.2、0.5、1 mol·L-1的NaCl溶液为洗脱液进行洗脱，其洗脱液流速为0.5 mL·min-1，并收集0.5 mol·L-1 NaCl溶液洗脱的部分。
9. 根据权利要求4所述的硒多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3）中采用Sephadex G-100葡聚糖凝胶柱进行分离纯化时，以去离子水作为洗脱液进行洗脱。
10.一种如权利要求1所述的硒多糖在制备防治酒精性肝损伤的药品或保健品中的应用。
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