CN116514201A - Salt-resistant photo-thermal evaporator, water treatment device and water treatment salt-resistant method - Google Patents
Salt-resistant photo-thermal evaporator, water treatment device and water treatment salt-resistant method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116514201A CN116514201A CN202310104349.9A CN202310104349A CN116514201A CN 116514201 A CN116514201 A CN 116514201A CN 202310104349 A CN202310104349 A CN 202310104349A CN 116514201 A CN116514201 A CN 116514201A
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0011—Heating features
- B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
- B01D1/0035—Solar energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a salt-resistant water treatment device and a salt-resistant method in the water treatment process, wherein a photo-thermal absorber device is used for treating conventional seawater, high-salt brine and the like to obtain fresh water resources, solar energy is used as a unique energy source, absorbed solar energy is converted into heat energy, and a thin-layer water body is subjected to high-efficiency local heating so as to promote rapid evaporation; the device can prevent the device failure caused by salt crystallization, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and does not need to increase environmental energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photo-thermal evaporator of a salt-resistant water treatment device, a water treatment device and a salt-resistant method in the water treatment process, and belongs to the field of water treatment.
Background
Energy and water resources are important guarantees for human survival. The traditional energy-driven water treatment technology such as the hot method and the membrane method has the defects of high consumption of fossil energy, environmental pollution and the like in the water treatment process driven by the membrane method. The current mainstream technology in membrane processes is reverse osmosis, i.e. the application of pressure to seawater using a special membrane material, to cause the water to pass through the membrane to retain salts, thereby obtaining fresh water. The pressure needs to be provided by a high-pressure pump, consumes electric energy and is difficult to serve in remote areas. And the preparation of the electric energy may consume fossil energy sources such as coal and the like, and has great environmental pollution. The thermal method mainly comprises evaporating water in seawater by steaming, and condensing and collecting vapor to obtain fresh water. The thermal method mainly adopts a low-temperature multi-effect distillation technology and a multi-stage flash evaporation technology, but the thermal method needs to consume fossil energy such as coal and the like, and causes pollution to the atmospheric environment. Moreover, the single sea water desalting engineering has huge investment, is more suitable for centralized water supply in densely populated and developed areas, and is difficult to be applied to islands, deserts and other poor areas. Compared with the traditional energy, the solar energy is used as a resource for green sustainable development, and can provide a novel energy source for the utilization of water resources.
At present, solar-based photo-thermal interface evaporation is focused on a water treatment process, and the method has the advantages of high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, easiness in scale and low cost. However, the difficulty with this approach is that salting out occurs at the hydrophilic photothermal interface, and the coverage of the surface of the evaporating body with precipitated salt crystals reduces the absorption of the material to light, resulting in a substantial decrease in performance and stability, and even failure thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a salt-resistant method in the water treatment process, which aims to solve the problem of performance reduction of a photo-thermal evaporation device caused by salting out of a photo-thermal interface in the prior art, and the method utilizes self-rotation of a photo-thermal evaporator to realize that salt separated out of the photo-thermal evaporation interface is redissolved in water, and adopts the following specific scheme: the photo-thermal absorber takes solar energy as an energy source, absorbs the solar energy to convert the solar energy into heat, and heats and evaporates the water body; the water body is evaporated, salt is separated out and crystallized on the photo-thermal absorption device, the photo-thermal absorption device is gravity center shifted due to accumulation of the salt, and the photo-thermal absorption device automatically rotates; immersing a salt precipitation area of the photo-thermal absorption device in water by self-rotation, and dissolving salt into the water; one part of the light and heat absorbing device is arranged below the water surface, and the other part of the light and heat absorbing device is arranged above the water surface.
On the other hand, the invention provides a salt-resistant photo-thermal evaporator, which is self-rotated due to asymmetric dead weight of a system during salting out, and precipitated salt crystals can be redissolved in evaporated water, so that surface self-removal (desalting) is realized, the problems of salting out and pollution of an evaporation interface are solved, the evaporation efficiency is greatly improved, and the device provides a new solution for efficiently treating high-concentration brine by solar energy.
The adopted technical scheme is as follows: the photo-thermal evaporator has hydrophilicity at least partially, and moisture is conveyed in the photo-thermal evaporator through the hydrophilic photo-thermal evaporator; the photo-thermal evaporator is of a three-dimensional structure, the three-dimensional structure is a regular or irregular structure, when a saline water body is treated, the photo-thermal evaporator of the three-dimensional structure floats in the water body, one part of the photo-thermal evaporator is placed below the water surface, the other part of the photo-thermal evaporator is placed above the water surface, and the photo-thermal evaporator placed below the water surface contacts with the water body and transmits the water body to the part below the water surface; and evaporating and separating salt from the water body on the photo-thermal evaporation material above the water surface, and deflecting the gravity center of the photo-thermal evaporation device to enable the photo-thermal evaporation device to rotate so as to switch the region of the photo-thermal evaporation device below the water surface.
The invention realizes the interface anti (salt removal) efficient water evaporation directly driven by solar energy through the construction of a novel photo-thermal evaporation system based on an interface heating technology.
The photothermal absorber device consists of a support body with through holes at symmetrical positions and a photothermal evaporation material with the outer surface being uniformly blackened and hydrophobized, wherein the support body can enable the device to float on the water surface to avoid low-efficiency bulk heating, and the photothermal evaporation material with the surface being blackened and hydrophobized is firmly and tightly attached to the outer layer of the hollow foam cylinder. When the device freely floats on the surface of seawater to be treated, seawater in a bulk phase can only enter a photo-thermal evaporation material water absorption body from a through hole arranged at the bottom of a support body, and then the bulk phase seawater is spontaneously pumped to the top of the photo-thermal evaporation material from bottom to top under the combined action of intrinsic capillary force of a net structure in the photo-thermal evaporation material and the marangoni effect, so that the seawater is fully filled in the photo-thermal evaporation material, and a water film to be evaporated is formed; meanwhile, the outer side surface of the photo-thermal evaporation material is subjected to functional hydrophobization treatment, so that water absorbed in the photo-thermal evaporation material can be effectively prevented from overflowing from the outer side surface, salt accumulation can be effectively prevented at a photo-thermal interface in the continuous photo-thermal water evaporation process, so that the continuous high efficiency of the water evaporation rate can be ensured, salt is separated out, grows up and gradually spreads and extends into a through hole in preference to the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface of the through hole adjacent to the photo-thermal evaporation material and the support body, and when the salt accumulation causes the gravity center of the photo-thermal absorber to deviate, the photo-thermal absorber automatically rotates to expose a new evaporation surface to continue to work; the self-rotation makes the salt separating area of the photo-thermal absorber immersed in water, the salt absorbs water and is reversely dissolved into the sea water in the phase, and the salt separating holes are dredged so as to provide continuous water supply for continuous evaporation and start the next evaporation-self-rotation-evaporation link. The device can prevent the device failure caused by salt crystallization, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and does not need to increase environmental energy consumption.
In still another aspect, the invention also provides a water treatment device comprising the photothermal evaporator device.
The beneficial effects of the invention include: the method comprises the steps of processing conventional seawater, high-salt brine and the like through a photo-thermal absorber device to obtain fresh water resources, converting absorbed solar energy into heat energy by taking the solar energy as a unique energy source, and carrying out high-efficiency local heating on a thin-layer water body to promote rapid evaporation of the thin-layer water body; the device can prevent the device failure caused by salt crystallization, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and does not need to increase the environmental energy consumption;
according to the invention, the salt separated out after the evaporation of the water stays on the photo-thermal evaporation interface, and the photo-thermal evaporator is driven to rotate along with the accumulation of the salt, so that the self-rotation is realized;
according to the invention, the self-rotation switching of the soaking area is adopted to automatically dissolve salt on the photo-thermal evaporator, so that the light absorption and heat generation performances of the photo-thermal evaporator are stabilized;
the invention designs proper draft to realize the coordination of the rotation sensitivity of the photo-thermal evaporation device and the photo-thermal evaporation efficiency;
according to the invention, through hydrophilic treatment and hydrophobic treatment of the photo-thermal evaporation material, the inner hydrophilic property and the outer hydrophobic property are realized, so that the transmission of water in the photo-thermal evaporation material can be ensured, salt formation on the outer surface of the photo-thermal evaporation material can be prevented, and the photo-thermal absorption performance is influenced;
the invention provides a precipitation space for water transmission channels and salt analysis simultaneously by adopting the porous structure photo-thermal evaporation material with specific size;
the device or the method adopts solar energy or self-driving force as an energy source, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the photothermal absorber in embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a side view of the photothermal absorber in embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of the supporting body in embodiment 4;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a photo-thermal evaporation material;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the photo-thermal evaporation rate in example 1 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 6 shows a salt formation view of the photothermal evaporator of example 1 after disassembly;
FIG. 7 is a graph of photo-thermal evaporation rate in example 2;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the photo-thermal evaporation rate of the device of example 3;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the photo-thermal evaporation rate of the device of comparative example 2;
fig. 10 is a structural view of a support body.
In the figure, 1, a support body, 2, a light and heat absorbing material, 201, a first surface, 202, a second surface, 203, a side surface, 3, a through hole (water guide hole), 4, a hollow cavity, 5 and water.
Detailed Description
The invention will be explained in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited by the specific examples.
The water treatment device is used for treating brine, such as salt lake water, seawater, industrial wastewater and the like, and comprises a photo-thermal evaporation device which is of a three-dimensional structure, when the device is used, the device floats on the water surface, one part of the device is immersed in the water body, the other part of the device is arranged above the water surface, at least part of the photo-thermal evaporation device has hydrophilicity, the whole device also has hydrophilicity, the photo-thermal evaporation device arranged in the water body absorbs water and conveys the water to the part above the water surface by utilizing the hydrophilic effect of the photo-thermal evaporation device, the water is evaporated at the part to obtain salt and water, the separated salt is crystallized at an evaporation interface, the gravity center of the photo-thermal evaporation device is shifted along with the accumulation of the salt, and the photo-thermal evaporation device floating on the water surface automatically rotates, so that the salt precipitation area is immersed in the water, and the salt on the photo-thermal interface is redissolved in the water. The solar energy is used as an energy source for salt and water separation, the gravity center offset generated by salt precipitation is used as a power source for rotation of the photo-thermal evaporator, so that the region on the photo-thermal evaporator is switched between salt dissolution by soaking and salt precipitation by rotation, the salt on a device is cleaned in time, and the device performance is stabilized.
The light evaporation device is of a three-dimensional structure, the gravity center position of the light evaporation device is the same as or different from the geometric center position, and the arrangement is preferably the same, so that the soaking time of each region of the device can be equal, excessive accumulation of salt in local areas is avoided, the light evaporation device cannot be cleaned in time, and the local performance of the light evaporation device is reduced. The structure of the photo-thermal evaporator is regular or irregular, and the photo-thermal evaporator can be a polyhedron, a cylinder, and the concrete structure of the polyhedron or the cylinder is preferably a hollow structure, on one hand, the hollow structure is convenient for introducing water, so that the water contacts with the inner side surface of the photo-thermal evaporator and evaporates on the outer side surface of the photo-thermal evaporator, on the other hand, the hollow structure can enable the device to reduce the crystallization depth of salt in the device under the photo-thermal evaporation interface with the same area, and the depth of the salt refers to the distance between the salt distribution area in the device and the surface of the photo-thermal evaporator, so that the distance is reduced, and the salt dissolution time is shortened.
When the photo-thermal evaporator is placed in a water body, the draft has an important influence on the water treatment efficiency of the device, the speed of water transmission is influenced by the fact that the device is immersed too shallow in water, the water treatment efficiency is reduced, the immersed water level is too deep, heat conduction loss can be increased, and solar heat cannot be fully utilized. The geometrical center of the photo-thermal evaporator is positioned above the liquid level, the device is sensitive to gravity center deflection induction generated by salt precipitation, and the immersion area is switched in time to dissolve out the salt precipitation on the photo-thermal evaporator. It is further preferred that the height of the submerged area of the device is 1/5-1/3 of the total height of the device.
The photo-thermal evaporation device comprises a support body and photo-thermal evaporation materials, wherein the support body plays a role of a framework, the photo-thermal evaporation materials are attached to the support body, the support body plays a role of the framework on one hand, buoyancy is provided for the photo-thermal evaporation device on the other hand, the photo-thermal evaporation device floats in a water body, the support body is of a hollow structure and comprises a hollow cavity, the photo-thermal evaporation materials are arranged outside the support body and attached to the outer wall of the support body, and the photo-thermal evaporation materials can be arranged in a bonding mode, a fixing mode or other setting modes capable of fixing the photo-thermal evaporation materials on the support body.
Specifically, the supporter is the cylinder, the photo-thermal evaporation material laminating is on the outer wall of cylinder supporter, be provided with a plurality of through-holes that link up inner wall and outer wall on the supporter wall, this through-hole is used for introducing moisture as the guiding hole, make hydroenergy and photo-thermal evaporation material contact, one side that photo-thermal evaporation material is close to the supporter is the medial surface, one side that is opposite to the supporter is the lateral surface, moisture is at first contacted with photo-thermal evaporation material through the through-hole, then soak whole photo-thermal evaporation material, photo-thermal evaporation material is porous structure, the aperture is 2 mu m to 20 mu m, this micron range hole provides capillary force for the moisture transmission on the one hand, on the other hand provides the space for the salting out, the salt that separates out is difficult for blockking up this pore simultaneously. The photo-thermal evaporation material can select PVA sponge sheet, and the thickness of the PVA sponge sheet and the diameter of the internal cylindrical support body are cooperatively regulated and controlled, so that the water surface at least penetrates through one through hole, continuous and spontaneous water supply is realized, and the PVA sponge is immersed. The support body is made of light hollow foam, the through holes on the support body serve as water guide holes to provide a water transmission path for the photo-thermal evaporation material on one hand, and serve as salt forming sites on the other hand, so that salt is analyzed and separated in the through holes and accumulated, and the photo-thermal evaporation device is driven to rotate after accumulation; the through holes may be provided with one or several groups, each group containing an even number of through holes, and may be provided with 4 through holes as in fig. 1, or 8 through holes, preferably at least four through holes, as in fig. 3, distributed circumferentially along the cylindrical support body, the through holes disposed in the same group enclosing a circular ring, and in fig. 10 the support body is provided with 3 groups of through holes, each group containing 4 through holes.
The photo-thermal evaporation material has hydrophilicity, is favorable for fully infiltrating the material, and prevents salt precipitation on the outer side surface of the photo-thermal evaporation material and the outer side surface of the photo-thermal evaporation material from being subjected to hydrophobic treatment in order to increase the salt resistance effect of the photo-thermal evaporation device. The preparation method of the photo-thermal evaporation material comprises the following steps:
1. the porous material is taken as a matrix of the photo-thermal evaporation material, the porous material is soaked in a polymer solution to obtain the light absorption and heat generation performance, the polymer solution is preferably a mixed solution of a polypyrrole solution and a hydrophilic reagent, the polypyrrole solution enables the porous material to obtain the light absorption and heat generation performance, and the hydrophilic reagent enables the porous material to obtain the hydrophilic performance;
2. placing the mixture in an oven for standby;
3. preparing a hydrophobic reagent, wherein the hydrophobic reagent can be one of polyolefin, organic silicon resin and fluorocarbon polymer, preferably FAS (perfluoro decyl ethoxysilane), water and ethanol are used as solvents, acetic acid is used for regulating the pH value to be 2-6, and the hydrophobic reagent is uniformly mixed to obtain a hydrophobic solution;
4. the hydrophobic solution is brushed or sprayed on the peripheral side surfaces 202 and the first surface 201 of the photo-thermal evaporation material, only the second surface is left to be not brushed, the second surface is opposite to the first surface, the thickness of the solution coating is controlled to be not more than 2mm, and the photo-thermal evaporation material is prepared by drying.
The photo-thermal evaporation material is sponge or foam rubber, the second surface which is not coated with the hydrophobic solution is used as an attaching surface, the photo-thermal evaporation material is attached to the outer surface of the support body, the thickness of the photo-thermal evaporation material is 1mm-10mm, and the hydrophilic agent can be one or more mixed solutions of starch, protein, cellulose natural polymers, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyamide and the like; the mass fraction of the hydrophobic agent ranges from 2 to 15%, preferably from 5 to 10%.
The thickness of the photo-thermal evaporation material influences the overall draft of the device, the thickness is 1-10 mm, the support body is made of a material with both hydrophobic and buoyancy properties, the material can be one of hydrophobic sponge, foam and wood, the axial direction of the through holes is perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder of the support body, the through holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and particularly, 4 through holes are formed in the circumferential direction.
The salt-resistant method of the water treatment device comprises the following steps
1. The light absorption device is placed in water, has a certain draft and floats in the water body;
2. the photo-thermal evaporation material is soaked by water through the through holes, the photo-thermal evaporation material absorbs light and generates heat, the water on the photo-thermal evaporation material is heated, so that the water is evaporated, and separated salt stays in the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface and the through holes of the support body, wherein the through holes for accumulating the salt are at least through holes above the water surface, and are generally through holes at the top end of the photo-thermal evaporator;
3. the accumulation of salt in the photo-thermal evaporation material causes the cylindrical photo-thermal evaporation device to deflect in a gravity center, the photo-thermal evaporation device is driven to rotate, and the area where the salt is accumulated rotates downwards to be immersed in water;
4. the salt on the photo-thermal evaporation material is redissolved in the salt water to be treated, and the photo-thermal evaporation material is cleaned. Exposing a new evaporation surface for continued operation.
The invention is explained in further detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The water treatment device is a photo-thermal absorption device, the photo-thermal absorption device comprises a support body 1 and photo-thermal absorption materials 2 arranged on the support body, the support body 1 is hollow foam, the structure of the support body is a hollow cylinder with the inner diameter of 5cm and the wall thickness of 0.5cm and the height of 10cm, at the position of 5cm of the cylinder, water guide holes are formed by punching every 90-degree direction in the circumferential direction, the number of the holes is 4, and the diameter of the holes is 1cm.
The photo-thermal absorption material 2 is prepared by using hydrophilic sponge as a matrix, wherein the thickness of the sponge is 5mm, the length of the sponge is 31.4cm, the width of the sponge is 10cm, and the sponge is treated by the following steps: preparing polypyrrole solution with mass fraction of 5%, taking sponge with thickness of 5mm, length of 31.4cm and width of 10cm, soaking the sponge in the polypyrrole solution, repeating for a plurality of times until the sponge is black, and then washing superfluous solution on the surface with water. And (5) putting the mixture into an oven for drying for standby.
And (3) sponge hydrophobic treatment: 1. taking perfluorodecyl ethoxysilane as a solute, and taking water and ethanol as solvents to prepare a perfluorodecyl ethoxysilane solution with the mass fraction of 10%, wherein the mass ratio of water to ethanol is 1:4, regulating the pH value of the obtained perfluorodecyl ethoxysilane solution to 3 by acetic acid, and uniformly mixing.
2. And uniformly spraying a perfluorodecyl ethoxysilane solution on one surface of the black sponge in a spraying mode, airing, and controlling the thickness of the coating to be 1-2mm.
And assembling the photo-thermal evaporation material and the support body, and attaching the photo-thermal evaporation material to the outer wall of the support body by taking one surface sprayed with the perfluorodecyl ethoxysilane solution as the outer side surface to prepare the photo-thermal absorber.
And carrying out effect experiments on the obtained photo-thermal absorption device:
the device was placed in solution with a 15% salt concentration sodium chloride solution as the simulated salt solution, and the draft of the device was approximately 1/4 of the total device height. Then placing the mixture in the open sun for photo-thermal evaporation concentration experiments; at noon, the outdoor temperature was 35℃and the outer surface temperature of the device was found to reach 80℃with an evaporation rate of 2kg/h/m 2 After 2 hours, the salt concentration of the solution reaches 22%, and the device can still continuously work. The evaporation rate of the device is shown in FIG. 5, which shows that the evaporation rate from the photo-thermal evaporator is about 2.0kgm -2 h -1 After 2 hours of operation, the gravity unbalance is caused by the accumulation of the precipitated salt in the through hole, the rotation is carried out, the evaporation rate of the device after the rotation is reduced to 1.8kgm-2h-1, the precipitated salt after the rotation can be dissolved in water, the water can be continuously led into the through hole to the whole device, and then the evaporation rate of the whole device is slowly increased to the original level. The device after operation was disassembled, and as shown in fig. 6, salt formation inside the well was seen.
Example 2
The water treatment device is a photo-thermal absorber, the photo-thermal absorber comprises a support body 1 and photo-thermal absorbing materials 2 arranged on the support body, the support body 1 is hollow foam, the structure of the photo-thermal absorber is a hollow hexagonal barrel with the side length of 3cm, the wall thickness of 0.5cm and the height of 10cm, a water guide hole is formed in each barrel wall by punching at the position of 5cm of the barrel, the number of the holes is 6, and the diameter of each hole is 1cm.
The photo-thermal absorption material 2 is prepared from hydrophilic sponge with the thickness of 5mm, the length of 3cm and the width of 10cm as a matrix, and is prepared by the steps of: preparing polypyrrole solution with mass fraction of 5%, taking sponge with thickness of 5mm, length of 3cm and width of 10cm, soaking the sponge in the polypyrrole solution, repeating for a plurality of times until the sponge is black, and then washing superfluous solution on the surface with water. And (5) putting the mixture into an oven for drying for standby.
And (3) sponge hydrophobic treatment: same as in example 1
2. And uniformly spraying a perfluorodecyl ethoxysilane solution on one surface of the black sponge in a spraying mode, airing, and controlling the thickness of the coating to be 1-2mm.
And assembling the photo-thermal evaporation material and the support body, and attaching 6 pieces of photo-thermal evaporation material to the outer wall of the hexagonal support body by taking one surface sprayed with the perfluorodecyl ethoxysilane solution as an outer side surface to prepare the photo-thermal absorber.
And carrying out effect experiments on the obtained photo-thermal absorption device:
the device was placed in solution with a 15% salt concentration sodium chloride solution as the simulated salt solution, and the draft of the device was approximately 1/3 of the height of the entire device. Then placing the mixture in the open sun for photo-thermal evaporation concentration experiments; at noon, the outdoor temperature was 35℃and the outer surface temperature of the device was found to reach 80℃by experiments, the evaporation rate being as shown in FIG. 7, the initial evaporation rate being 1.93kg/h/m 2 After 2 hours, the salt concentration of the solution reaches 22 percent, and the evaporation rate of the device is still stable at (1.9-2.0) kgm -2 h -1 Between them.
Example 3
The water treatment device is a photo-thermal absorption device, the photo-thermal absorption device comprises a support body 1 and photo-thermal absorption materials 2 arranged on the support body, the support body 1 is hollow foam, the structure of the support body is a hollow cylinder with the inner diameter of 5cm and the wall thickness of 0.5cm and the height of 10cm, at the position of 5cm of the cylinder, water guide holes are formed by punching every 90-degree direction in the circumferential direction, the number of the holes is 4, and the diameter of the holes is 1cm.
The photo-thermal absorption material 2 is prepared by using hydrophilic cotton cloth as a matrix, wherein the thickness of the cotton cloth is 1.5mm, the length of the cotton cloth is 31.4cm, the width of the cotton cloth is 10cm, and the cotton cloth is treated by: preparing polypyrrole solution with mass fraction of 5%, taking cotton cloth with thickness of 5mm, length of 31.4cm and width of 10cm, soaking the cotton cloth in the polypyrrole solution, repeating for a plurality of times until the sponge is black, and then washing superfluous solution on the surface with water. And (5) putting the mixture into an oven for drying for standby.
Hydrophobic treatment of cotton cloth: 1. taking organic silicon resin as a solute, and taking water and ethanol as solvents to prepare an organic silicon resin solution with the mass fraction of 15%, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the ethanol is 1: and 4, uniformly mixing the obtained organic silicon resin solution for standby.
2. And uniformly spraying a perfluorodecyl ethoxysilane solution on one surface of the black sponge in a spraying mode, airing, and controlling the thickness of the coating to be 1-2mm.
And assembling the photo-thermal evaporation material and the support body, and attaching the photo-thermal evaporation material to the outer wall of the support body by taking one surface sprayed with the organic silicon resin solution as the outer side surface to prepare the photo-thermal absorber.
And carrying out effect experiments on the obtained photo-thermal absorption device:
the device was placed in solution with a 15% salt concentration sodium chloride solution as the simulated salt solution, and the draft of the device was approximately 1/5 of the total device height. Then placing the mixture in the open sun for photo-thermal evaporation concentration experiments; at noon, the outdoor temperature is 35 ℃, the outer surface temperature of the device is 80 ℃ as measured by experiments, the evaporation rate is shown in figure 8, and the evaporation rate of the device is 1.98kg/h/m initially 2 After 2 hours, the salt concentration of the solution reaches 22 percent, and the evaporation rate of the device is still stable at (1.9-2.0) kgm -2 h -1 Between them, no drop is seen.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is only that 8 holes are punched in the support body, the 8 holes are uniformly and symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction, and the support body structure is shown in fig. 3.
Comparative example 1 (without holes)
The material selected was the same as the preparation method as in example 1, but no holes with a diameter of 1cm were made in the hollow cylinder. The entire device is thus free of vias.
And carrying out effect experiments on the obtained photo-thermal absorption device:
the device was placed in solution with a 15% salt concentration sodium chloride solution as the simulated salt solution, and the draft of the device was approximately 1/4 of the total device height. Then placing the mixture in the open sun for photo-thermal evaporation concentration experiments; the average evaporation rate was measured to be about 1.4kg/h/m 2 The device rotated only about 3.5 hours and the evaporation rate of the device is plotted in fig. 5.
Comparative example 2
The same hydrophilic sponge as in example 1 was selected as a substrate to prepare a photothermal absorbent material, and the sponge was treated in the same manner as in example 1 to obtain a photothermal absorbent material having superhydrophobicity on one side and superhydrophilicity on the other side. The light and heat absorbing material is bent into a cylindrical shape and then fixed by a pin.
Effect experiments were performed on the prepared photothermal absorber without support:
taking sodium chloride solution with salt concentration of 15% as simulated salt solution, placing the device into the solution, and placing the device under the open air sun for photo-thermal evaporation concentration experiments, wherein the draft of the device is about 1/6 of the height of the whole device; after 4 hours of operation, the device had a significant salt formation on the inner surface, the evaporation rate was as shown in FIG. 9, and the initial rate was 1.5kg/h/m 2 Continuously decreasing after 4 hours at a rate of 1.15kg/h/m 2 The salt concentration of the solution reaches 16%, and the device cannot autorotate. As the salt increases, the device evaporation rate gradually decreases.
Claims (14)
1. A salt-resistant photothermal evaporator device, characterized by: the water-based solar energy water heater comprises a photo-thermal evaporation material, wherein the photo-thermal evaporation material is at least partially hydrophilic, and water is transmitted through the hydrophilic photo-thermal evaporation material;
the photo-thermal evaporator is of a three-dimensional structure, the three-dimensional structure is a regular or irregular structure, when a saline water body is treated, the photo-thermal evaporator of the three-dimensional structure floats in the water body, one part of the photo-thermal evaporator is placed below the water surface, the other part of the photo-thermal evaporator is placed above the water surface, and the photo-thermal evaporator placed below the water surface contacts with the water body and transmits the water body to the part above the water surface;
the water body is subjected to evaporation and salt precipitation on the photo-thermal evaporation device, and then the photo-thermal evaporation device is subjected to gravity center deflection, and the photo-thermal evaporation device rotates.
2. A salt resistant photo-thermal evaporator apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the gravity center position of the photo-thermal evaporator is the geometric center position of the three-dimensional structure.
3. A salt resistant photo-thermal evaporator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: when the photo-thermal evaporator is placed in the water body, the geometric center of the photo-thermal evaporator is placed above the liquid level or is level with the liquid level.
4. A salt resistant photo-thermal evaporator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the photo-thermal evaporator is a hollow cylinder, the hollow cylinder is transversely arranged in a water body, and the draft is 1/5-1/3 of the height of the photo-thermal evaporator.
5. A salt resistant photo-thermal evaporator apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the photo-thermal evaporation device further comprises a support body, the support body forms a skeleton of a hollow structure, and the photo-thermal evaporation material is arranged on the support body and surrounds the support body to form the hollow structure.
6. A salt resistant photo-thermal evaporator apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the photo-thermal evaporation material comprises an inner side face facing the hollow cavity and an outer side face facing away from the hollow cavity, moisture infiltrates the photo-thermal evaporation material from the inner side face, and the outer side face of the photo-thermal evaporation material is subjected to hydrophobic treatment.
7. A salt resistant photo-thermal evaporator apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the support body is a hollow cylinder, the photo-thermal evaporation material is a flexible material and is attached to the outer wall of the hollow cylinder, a plurality of through holes which are communicated with the inner wall and the outer wall of the hollow cylinder are formed in the hollow cylinder, and the water body is contacted with the photo-thermal evaporation material through the through holes.
8. A salt resistant photo-thermal evaporator apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the photothermal evaporation material meets one of the following:
-the photothermal evaporation material comprises an inner side surface and an outer side surface, wherein the inner side surface is attached to the support body, the outer side surface is opposite to the support body, the contact angle between the inner side surface and water is 0 °, and the contact angle between the outer side surface and water is greater than 150 °;
the absorptivity of the photo-thermal evaporation material to sunlight is more than 90%.
9. A salt resistant photo-thermal evaporator according to claim 7 wherein: the support body is a hydrophobic medium, a hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface is formed between the photo-thermal evaporation material and the support body, salt is accumulated in the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface and at least one through hole in a nearby area after the moisture in the photo-thermal evaporation material is evaporated, and after the salt is accumulated, the photo-thermal evaporator rotates to enable the through hole for accumulating the salt to be immersed into a water body.
10. A salt resistant photo-thermal evaporator apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the photothermal evaporation material is of a porous structure, and the pore diameter is 2-20 mu m.
11. A salt resistant photo-thermal evaporator apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the hydrophobic treatment method of the outer side surface of the photo-thermal evaporation material comprises the following steps: the hydrophobic agent is sprayed or brushed on the outer side surface of the photo-thermal evaporation material, and the hydrophobic agent is one or a combination of a plurality of polyolefin, organic silicon resin and fluorocarbon polymer.
12. A water treatment device, characterized in that: a photothermal evaporator device comprising the device of any one of claims 1-11.
13. A water treatment salt-resistant method is characterized in that: the self-rotation of the photo-thermal absorption device is adopted to redissolve the salt separated out in the water treatment process into water, comprising the following steps of
The photo-thermal absorber takes solar energy as an energy source, absorbs the solar energy to convert the solar energy into heat, and heats and evaporates the water body;
the water body is evaporated, salt is separated out and crystallized on the photo-thermal absorption device, the photo-thermal absorption device is gravity center shifted due to accumulation of the salt, and the photo-thermal absorption device automatically rotates;
immersing a salt precipitation area of the photo-thermal absorption device in water by self-rotation, and dissolving salt into the water;
one part of the light and heat absorbing device is arranged below the water surface, and the other part of the light and heat absorbing device is arranged above the water surface.
14. The salt resistance method according to claim 13, wherein: the photothermal absorber of any one of claims 1 to 11 is employed in a water treatment apparatus.
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| CN202310104349.9A CN116514201A (en) | 2023-02-13 | 2023-02-13 | Salt-resistant photo-thermal evaporator, water treatment device and water treatment salt-resistant method |
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| CN202310104349.9A CN116514201A (en) | 2023-02-13 | 2023-02-13 | Salt-resistant photo-thermal evaporator, water treatment device and water treatment salt-resistant method |
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