CN110579028B - Water evaporation and collection equipment and application thereof - Google Patents
Water evaporation and collection equipment and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110579028B CN110579028B CN201910762613.1A CN201910762613A CN110579028B CN 110579028 B CN110579028 B CN 110579028B CN 201910762613 A CN201910762613 A CN 201910762613A CN 110579028 B CN110579028 B CN 110579028B
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- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
- D04H1/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres and hardened by felting; Felts or felted products
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
- D06M11/64—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with nitrogen oxides; with oxyacids of nitrogen or their salts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of photo-thermal conversion, and aims to provide a water evaporation and collection device and application thereof. The upper part of a first water tank of the device is sealed by a side wall and a light-transmitting top plate; an exhaust fan is arranged on the side wall, a second water tank for collecting condensed water is arranged on the outer edge of the exhaust fan, and a cooling fin and a water outlet are arranged in the second water tank; the first water tank is connected with a water inlet, and the photothermal conversion device is arranged in the first water tank; the surface of the first water tank is provided with an inclined upward cover with an open slot, and the photothermal conversion device is positioned in the open slot; a drain hole is arranged on the side wall of the lower end of the inclined upper cover and connected to the second water tank; the exhaust fan is positioned above the drain hole. The heat insulation support body has larger heat resistance, avoids the downward transmission of heat acquired by the top absorber from sunlight, and has higher heat efficiency of the whole device. The moisture cools the whole device while volatilizing, and heat can be obtained from the environment, and the thermodynamic evaporation limit is more approached.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photo-thermal conversion, in particular to a water evaporation and collection device and application thereof.
Background
With the gradual shortage of fresh water resources and the increasing severity of water pollution, a water treatment technology which is efficient, low-toxicity, cheap and environment-friendly is particularly critical. The solar water evaporation technology is favored by numerous scholars by virtue of the advantages of low energy consumption, no secondary pollution, high purity of the obtained fresh water and the like. However, the conventional solar water evaporator generally depends on a complex and large light gathering or tracking device, which is greatly influenced by weather, difficult in later maintenance, high in cost and large in heat loss, and is not suitable for large-scale industrial application.
In order to improve the evaporation performance of the solar water evaporator, the solar water evaporator which takes the interface photothermal conversion device as a core working module is produced. The device is a typical double-layer structure and is composed of a top absorber and a bottom suspensible heat-insulating support body, and the interior of the device is rich in water transmission channels. However, the main obstacles for the application of this device are: (1) there is a lack of an effective photothermal conversion material as a top absorber. Reported photothermal conversion materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, semiconductor sulfides, noble metal materials and the like have great problems in current research and future applications, such as complex preparation process, high cost and certain toxicity. The absorber has higher temperature under illumination and lower ambient temperature, so the device still has larger convection loss and radiation loss, and the heat on the surface of the absorber can still be transferred into water under the condition of long-time operation, thereby causing certain heat conduction loss. (2) The water transfer channel of the solar water evaporator is positioned inside the heat insulation support body, so that the evaporation effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides a water evaporation and collection device and application thereof.
In order to solve the technical problem, the solution of the invention is as follows:
providing a photo-thermal conversion device based on a hydrophilic carbon felt, which comprises a top absorber, a middle water transmission body and a bottom heat insulation support body capable of floating on the surface of a liquid; a plurality of vertical pore channels are arranged on the heat insulation support body at intervals; the water transmission body is inserted into each pore channel, two ends of the water transmission body extend out of the upper surface and the lower surface of the heat insulation support body, and the upper section of the water transmission body is directly exposed in the air; the top absorber is a hydrophilic carbon mat in sheet form that naturally rests on top of and provides support for each water conductor.
In the invention, the radius of the hydrophilic carbon felt is 3.5cm, and the thickness of the hydrophilic carbon felt is 1 cm; the heat insulation support body is in a sheet shape, the radius of the heat insulation support body is 3.5cm, and the thickness of the heat insulation support body is 1 cm; the water transmission body is cylindrical, the radius of the water transmission body is 3mm, the length of the water transmission body is 3-7 cm, and the length of the water transmission body exposed out of the upper surface of the heat insulation support body is 1-4 cm.
In the invention, the surface contact angle of the hydrophilic carbon felt is 60.1-2.1 degrees, and the hydrophilic carbon felt is prepared by the following method:
placing the carbon felt in deionized water, and ultrasonically cleaning for 30 min; drying, placing in a reaction container, and adding a concentrated nitric acid solution with the mass concentration of 60% to completely immerse the carbon felt; sealing the reaction container, and heating in a water bath at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 2-6 h; cooling to room temperature, repeatedly washing with water to neutrality, and drying in an oven at 60 deg.C to obtain hydrophilic carbon felt; and then cutting according to the required size to obtain the hydrophilic carbon felt.
In the invention, the water transmission body is cylindrical and is any one of a felt strip, a sponge body, a sponge rod, foam or a filter paper rod; wherein the felt strips are formed by rolling the hydrophilic carbon felt or the carbon cloth.
In the invention, the length of the upper section of the water transmission body directly exposed in the air accounts for 30-60% of the total length of the water transmission body.
In the present invention, the heat insulating support is in the form of a sheet, and can be made by cutting and punching any one of the following materials: foamed polyethylene, foamed polyvinyl chloride, foamed polypropylene ethylene, fibers, or aerogels.
The invention further provides a water evaporation and collection device based on the photothermal conversion device, which comprises a first water tank for containing liquid to be treated, wherein the upper part of the first water tank is sealed by a side wall and a light-transmitting top plate; an exhaust fan is arranged on the side wall, a second water tank for collecting condensed water is arranged on the outer edge of the exhaust fan, and a cooling fin and a water outlet are arranged in the second water tank; the first water tank is connected with a water inlet, and the photothermal conversion device is arranged in the first water tank; when the first trough is filled with liquid, the light-to-heat conversion device can float on the surface of the liquid and make the top absorber receive sunlight from the light-transmitting top plate.
In the invention, an inclined upward cover with an open slot is arranged on the surface of a first water tank, and the photothermal conversion device is positioned in the open slot; a drain hole is arranged on the side wall of the lower end of the inclined upper cover and connected to the second water tank; the exhaust fan is positioned above the drain hole.
In the invention, the light-transmitting top plate is obliquely arranged and is any one of a light-transmitting plate or a light-transmitting film.
The invention also provides application of the water evaporation and collection equipment as a solar seawater desalination device, a solar sewage treatment device, a solar solution purification device, a solar solution concentration device or a solar oil-water separation device.
Description of the inventive principles:
(1) surface hydrophilization of shaped carbon materials
According to the invention, a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced on the surface of a commercially available carbon felt or carbon cloth through the strong oxidation of concentrated nitric acid, and the functional groups endow the surface of the carbon felt with extremely strong hydrophilicity.
The reported methods for surface hydrophilic treatment can be divided into coating with hydrophilic coating, grafting hydrophilic polymer, etc. The hydrophilic coating is easy to be lost after multiple cycles, so that the hydrophilicity of the surface of the material is reduced; in addition, the procedure for grafting hydrophilic polymers is complicated, and toxic organic substances are introduced to some extent. In addition, these two common methods of surface hydrophilic treatment may result in a decrease in the surface spectral absorbance of the absorber. Compared with the technology, the surface hydrophilic treatment method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, low energy consumption, high cycle stability, batch production and the like.
(2) Efficient photo-thermal conversion device constructed by hydrophilic carbon felt
The photothermal conversion device belongs to an interfacial water evaporation device, and an absorber of the device is a carbon felt which has high optical absorption rate, low cost and environmental friendliness; the middle is the upper section of the water transmission body directly exposed in the air, and the heat insulation support body at the bottom is polystyrene foam which can be suspended in the water. The absorber has high optical absorption rate, and can rapidly increase the temperature under low optical concentration; the bottom of the device has high thermal resistance, so that the heat of the absorber cannot be effectively transferred downwards and is concentrated on the surface of the absorber. The water from the bottom rapidly reaches the upper surface of the device through the water transport channels under capillary action. Because the saturated vapor pressure of water at the gas-liquid interface is larger, evaporation can be realized at a lower temperature (room temperature), and the device can realize a higher evaporation rate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the present invention, the evaporation process only occurs at the gas-liquid two-phase interface. Because the mass transfer speed of the photothermal conversion device is large enough and is influenced by the special physical properties of the gas-liquid interface, water existing in the interface can be evaporated continuously without reaching the boiling point.
2. The heat insulation support body has larger heat resistance, and avoids the downward transfer of heat acquired by the top absorber from sunlight. Since the heat is concentrated only on the surface of the top absorber, the thermal efficiency of the entire device is high. The spectral absorption of the top absorber in the full spectrum sunlight (2500 nm-500 nm) was measured to be 80% to 100%.
3. The upper section of the water transmission body exposed out of the heat insulation support body is exposed in the air, and the micro-nano pore channel of the water transmission body is in direct contact with the air interface, so that the water transmission body has higher saturated vapor pressure, the average saturated vapor pressure of the whole device is higher, and water is easier to evaporate under the same condition.
4. The upper section of the water transport body is directly exposed to air, and the water can cool the whole device while volatilizing, so that the average temperature of the device is lower than the ambient temperature, and the photothermal conversion device can obtain heat from the environment, thereby being closer to the thermodynamic evaporation limit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a photothermal conversion device according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a seawater desalination apparatus including a photothermal conversion device in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: a solar seawater desalination plant 1; a photothermal conversion device 2; a first water tank 3; an exhaust fan 4; a second water tank 5; a light-transmitting top plate 6; a cooling fin 7; a water inlet 8; a water outlet 9; a thermally insulating support body 10; a water conveyance body 11; a top absorbent body 12.
Detailed Description
The features of the invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the illustrated examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1 surface hydrophilization of carbon felt
The method for the surface hydrophilic treatment of the commercial carbon felt comprises the following steps: putting a commercial carbon felt with a proper size into deionized water, ultrasonically cleaning for 30min, and drying for later use. The carbon felt is put into a proper amount of concentrated nitric acid solution with the mass concentration of 60 percent in a reaction container (note: the carbon felt is completely immersed in the concentrated nitric acid), and then the reaction container is sealed. Heating in 80 ℃ water bath for 2-6 h, and repeatedly washing the carbon felt with water until the carbon felt is neutral after cooling to room temperature. And (3) drying the carbon felt in a drying oven at 60 ℃ to obtain the hydrophilic carbon felt. By adjusting the heating time, carbon felts (60.1-2.1 °) with different surface contact angles can be obtained. Then, cutting according to a required size to obtain a hydrophilic carbon felt sheet used as the top absorber 12; or cut to a desired size and rolled into a felt for the water conveyance body 11.
Example 2 surface hydrophilization of carbon cloth
The surface hydrophilic treatment method of the commercial carbon cloth comprises the following steps: placing commercial carbon cloth with proper size in deionized water, ultrasonically cleaning for 30min, and drying for later use. The carbon cloth is put into a proper amount of concentrated nitric acid solution with the mass concentration of 60 percent in a reaction vessel (note: the carbon cloth is completely immersed in the concentrated nitric acid), and then the reaction vessel is sealed. Heating in 80 ℃ water bath for 2-6 h, and repeatedly washing the carbon cloth with water until the carbon cloth is neutral after cooling to room temperature. And (3) drying the carbon cloth in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain the hydrophilic carbon cloth. By adjusting the heating time, carbon cloths (74.1-0.1 ℃) with different surface contact angles can be obtained. And then cut and rolled into a felt strip for the water conveyance body 11 according to a desired size.
Example 3 construction of photothermal conversion device Using hydrophilic carbon felt
The method for constructing the photothermal conversion device 3 by adopting the hydrophilic carbon felt comprises the following specific steps: cylindrical polystyrene foam with the radius of 3.5cm and the thickness of 1cm is used as a heat insulation support body 10, and 12 vertical cylindrical pore channels (the radius is consistent with the radius of the water transmission body 11) are uniformly opened to serve as a support layer of the device floating on the liquid surface. The hydrophilic carbon felt or the carbon cloth is rolled into a cylindrical hydrophilic carbon felt strip with the radius of 3mm and the length of 3 cm-7 cm, and then the hydrophilic carbon felt strip is uniformly inserted into the pore canal to form the water transmission body 11. The two ends of the water transmission body 11 extend out of the upper and lower surfaces of the heat insulation support body 10, and the upper section is directly exposed in the air, and the length of the upper section can be 30-60% (such as 1-4 cm) of the total length of the water transmission body. A hydrophilic cylindrical carbon felt (radius 3.5cm, thickness 1cm) was naturally placed at the upper end of the water conveyance body 11 as the top absorber 12.
The insulating support 10 can be selected from, but not limited to, insulating foamed materials (e.g., one or more of foamed polyethylene, foamed polyvinyl chloride, foamed polypropylene, foamed polyethylene. The water conveyance 11 may also be selected from, but not limited to, sponges, sponge sticks, foams, filter paper sticks, and the like.
The evaporation performance of the photothermal conversion device 3 increases with the increase in wettability of the carbon felt; also, in a certain length range (3cm to 6cm), the evaporation performance of the photothermal conversion element 3 increases as the length of the water transport body exposed to the air increases. At 1sun, the maximum evaporation rate of the photothermal conversion device 3 of the present invention is about 2.9 times the evaporation rate of pure water, which is superior to the similar devices of the prior art.
Example 4 solar seawater desalination plant comprising the photothermal conversion device
Referring to fig. 2, the solar seawater desalination apparatus 1 comprises a first water tank 3 for holding seawater to be desalinated and a second water tank 5 for collecting condensed fresh water. The first water tank 3 is connected with a water inlet 8. The upper part of the first water tank 3 is sealed by a side wall and a light-transmitting top plate 6, and an exhaust fan 4 is arranged on the side wall; a second water tank 5 is arranged on the outer edge of the exhaust fan 4, and a cooling fin 7 and a water outlet 9 are arranged in the second water tank 5; an inclined upward cover with an open slot is arranged on the surface of the first water tank 3, and the photothermal conversion device 2 is positioned in the open slot; a drain hole is arranged on the side wall of the lower end of the inclined upper cover and connected to the second water tank 5; the exhaust fan 4 is positioned above the drain hole. The light-transmitting top plate 6 is obliquely arranged and can select light-transmitting plates or light-transmitting films.
When the first water tank 3 is filled with seawater, the photothermal conversion device 2 can float on the surface of the seawater, and the top absorber 12 thereof receives sunlight from the light-transmitting top sheet 6. The top absorber 12 converts light energy into heat energy, so that seawater in the hydrophilic capillary channel inside the top absorber is heated and evaporated and is converged between the obliquely upward cover and the light-transmitting top plate 6. In order to avoid the decrease of the optical absorption rate caused by the condensation of the water vapor, the water vapor is extracted by the exhaust fan 4, and the water vapor is condensed by arranging a certain number of cooling fins 7 in the second water tank 5. Fresh water obtained by condensation is taken out from a water outlet 9, and seawater to be purified is added from a water inlet 8.
Example 5 solar Sewage treatment apparatus comprising the photothermal conversion device
The embodiment of the invention provides a solar sewage treatment device which has a structure similar to that of embodiment 4, and takes a first water tank 3 as a sewage tank to be purified. The device contains light and heat conversion device 3 for turn into solar energy heat energy, make sewage heating evaporation, the fresh water part in the sewage is collected through evaporation and condensation, and the pollutant is then remained in the basin bottom, has finally realized the processing of sewage.
The type of wastewater may include, but is not limited to, domestic wastewater, dye wastewater, and the like. The concentrated contaminants may be further treated by other methods.
Example 6 solution purification apparatus comprising the photothermal conversion device
The embodiment of the invention provides a solution purification device, which has a structure similar to that of embodiment 4, and is characterized in that a first water tank 3 is used for containing a solution to be purified, and a second water tank 5 is used as a purification solution collecting tank. The apparatus comprises said photothermal conversion device 3 for converting solar energy into heat energy, heating and evaporating the solution to be purified or concentrated, and obtaining the purified solution by collecting the vapor.
Example 7 solution concentrating apparatus comprising the photothermal conversion device
The embodiment of the present invention provides a solution concentrating apparatus, which has a structure similar to that of embodiment 4, and a first water tank 3 is used for containing a solution to be concentrated. The device contains light and heat conversion device 3, can turn into solar energy heat energy, makes the solution that treats the concentration heat evaporation, and the solution that remains in first basin 3 bottom is the solution after the concentration.
Example 8 oil-Water separator comprising the photothermal conversion device
The embodiment of the invention also provides an oil-water separation device which has a structure similar to that of the specific embodiment 4 and is characterized in that the first water tank 3 is used for containing the solution to be separated. The device comprises the photo-thermal conversion device 3, can convert solar energy into heat energy, enables a solution to be separated to be heated and evaporated, obtains moisture by collecting steam, and the residual liquid at the bottom of the first water tank 3 is crude oil.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express a few embodiments of the present invention, and the description is more specific. But should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention. It has to be noted that several variants may be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A water evaporation and collection device is characterized by comprising a first water tank for containing liquid to be treated, wherein the upper part of the first water tank is sealed by a side wall and a light-transmitting top plate; an exhaust fan is arranged on the side wall, a second water tank for collecting condensed water is arranged on the outer edge of the exhaust fan, and a cooling fin and a water outlet are arranged in the second water tank; the first water tank is connected with a water inlet, and the photothermal conversion device is arranged in the first water tank; after the first water tank introduces liquid, the photothermal conversion device can float on the surface of the liquid, and a top absorber of the photothermal conversion device receives sunlight from the light-transmitting top plate;
an inclined upward cover with an open groove is arranged on the surface of the first water tank, and the photothermal conversion device is positioned in the open groove; a drain hole is arranged on the side wall of the lower end of the inclined upper cover and connected to the second water tank; the exhaust fan is positioned above the drain hole;
the photothermal conversion device comprises a top absorber, a water transmission body in the middle and a bottom heat insulation support body capable of floating on the liquid surface; a plurality of vertical pore channels are arranged on the heat insulation support body at intervals; the water transmission body is inserted into each pore channel, two ends of the water transmission body extend out of the upper surface and the lower surface of the heat insulation support body, and the upper section of the water transmission body is directly exposed in the air; the top absorber is a hydrophilic carbon mat in sheet form that naturally rests on top of and provides support for each water conductor.
2. The moisture evaporating and collecting device of claim 1, wherein said hydrophilic carbon mat has a radius of 3.5cm and a thickness of 1 cm; the heat insulation support body is in a sheet shape, the radius of the heat insulation support body is 3.5cm, and the thickness of the heat insulation support body is 1 cm; the water transmission body is cylindrical, the radius of the water transmission body is 3mm, the length of the water transmission body is 3-7 cm, and the length of the water transmission body exposed out of the upper surface of the heat insulation support body is 1-4 cm.
3. The moisture evaporation and collection apparatus of claim 1, wherein said hydrophilic carbon mat has a surface contact angle of 60.1 ° to 2.1 ° and is prepared by: placing the carbon felt in deionized water, and ultrasonically cleaning for 30 min; drying, placing in a reaction container, and adding a concentrated nitric acid solution with the mass concentration of 60% to completely immerse the carbon felt; sealing the reaction container, and heating in a water bath at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 2-6 h; cooling to room temperature, repeatedly washing with water to neutrality, and drying in an oven at 60 deg.C to obtain hydrophilic carbon felt; and then cutting according to the required size to obtain the hydrophilic carbon felt.
4. The apparatus for evaporation and collection of water according to claim 1, wherein said water transport body is cylindrical and is any one of a felt strip, a sponge, a foam or a filter paper stick; wherein the felt strips are formed by rolling the hydrophilic carbon felt or the carbon cloth.
5. The moisture evaporation and collection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the length of said water transport body that is directly exposed to the air is 30-60% of the total length thereof.
6. The apparatus for evaporation and collection of water according to claim 1, wherein said thermally insulating support is in the form of a sheet, cut and perforated from any one of the following materials: foamed polyethylene, foamed polyvinyl chloride, foamed polypropylene ethylene, fibers, or aerogels.
7. The apparatus for evaporation and collection of water according to claim 1, wherein said light-transmissive top plate is obliquely disposed and is one of a light-transmissive plate and a light-transmissive film.
8. Use of the water evaporation and collection apparatus of claim 1 as a solar seawater desalination plant, a solar sewage treatment plant, a solar solution purification plant, a solar solution concentration plant or a solar oil-water separation plant.
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| EP4015462A1 (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-22 | PERA Complexity, B.V. | Desalination and/or purification device, desalination and/or purification carbon membrane, and method of desalinating and/or purifying a liquid |
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| CN110980851B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-05-06 | 西安交通大学 | Seawater evaporation water taking power generation device and water taking power generation method based on solar energy |
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| CN113716640B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-11-22 | 陕西科技大学 | Evaporator with double-sided arched flexible carbon film and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104485461A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-04-01 | 刘奇 | Low-cost functionalized carbon felt preparation method |
| CN105140549A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-12-09 | 沈阳化工大学 | Technique for treating fermentation wastewater by microbial fuel cell |
| CN207091045U (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-03-13 | 南京大学 | A kind of solar energy distillation device |
| CN107226504A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-10-03 | 深圳大学 | A kind of automatic water conveying device for photo-thermal water process |
| CN107421131A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-12-01 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Photothermal conversion system based on biological fine structure and surface plasma resonance effect |
| CN109422317A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-03-05 | 深圳大学 | A kind of photo-thermal vapo(u)rization system and preparation method thereof of surface from desalination |
| CN108423732B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2021-02-19 | 浙江大学 | Solar sea water desalination and pollutant removal dual-function device |
| CN108408742A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-08-17 | 江苏金羿射日新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of method and device that photo-thermal acceleration is evaporated brine |
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| EP4015462A1 (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-22 | PERA Complexity, B.V. | Desalination and/or purification device, desalination and/or purification carbon membrane, and method of desalinating and/or purifying a liquid |
| WO2022129480A1 (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-23 | Pera Complexity, B.V. | Desalination and/or purification device, desalination and/or purification carbon membrane, and method of desalinating and/or purifying a liquid |
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