CN116505132A - Liquid cooling radiator structure - Google Patents
Liquid cooling radiator structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN116505132A CN116505132A CN202310594425.9A CN202310594425A CN116505132A CN 116505132 A CN116505132 A CN 116505132A CN 202310594425 A CN202310594425 A CN 202310594425A CN 116505132 A CN116505132 A CN 116505132A
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- cooling
- liquid
- heat dissipation
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 221
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 95
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000191 radiation effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid cooling radiator structure, and relates to the technical field of electric automobile heat dissipation. The invention takes liquid cooling heat dissipation as the basis, integrates the air cooling heat dissipation and phase change heat dissipation structure into the liquid cooling heat dissipation structure, leads heat out to the liquid cooling heat dissipation structure by directly contacting the phase change heat dissipation structure with a battery, and dissipates the heat into the air through the water cooling plate and the air cooling heat dissipation structure so as to achieve good heat dissipation effect. The invention solves the problem of low heat dissipation efficiency of an air cooling structure used alone, also solves the problem of low heat conduction coefficient and influence on heat dissipation efficiency of a phase change heat dissipation structure used alone, also solves the problem of large temperature difference of each part of a battery generated when liquid cooling heat dissipation is used, reduces the whole weight of the radiator after the three heat dissipation technologies are combined and used, plays the advantages of the respective structures, and achieves extremely good heat management effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobile heat dissipation, in particular to a liquid cooling radiator structure.
Background
The new energy automobile comprises a pure electric automobile, a range-extended electric automobile, a hybrid electric automobile, a fuel cell electric automobile, a hydrogen engine automobile and the like. In recent years, the sales of new energy automobiles are in explosive growth, and pure electric automobiles are the main development of new energy automobiles in China.
The heat radiating unit of the new energy automobile mainly comprises a power battery, a driving motor and an electric control system. At present, most of electric automobiles in China use lithium batteries as main raw materials of power batteries. The ternary lithium battery comprises ternary lithium, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate and the like, and has become a main angle in the field of passenger vehicles.
The lithium battery has high working current and heat generation, and the battery pack is in a relatively closed environment, so that the temperature of the battery can be increased, and the system has higher specific energy and voltage output compared with the battery formed by aqueous electrolyte because the lithium battery is mainly formed by flammable and volatile non-aqueous solution at present, but the working temperature is not higher than 60 ℃, otherwise, the risk of combustion is easy to generate. It is therefore particularly important to add a heat sink structure to the battery to dissipate heat.
Currently, chinese patent publication No. CN108767369B discloses a battery heat dissipating device for an electric automobile, which structurally comprises a front cover plate, a heat dissipating cover, a right power receiving column, a charging cover, a lifting groove, an end cover, a left power receiving column, a sealing cover and a main body, wherein the front cover plate is embedded and installed on the surface of the main body, the heat dissipating cover and the charging cover are on the same plane, the right power receiving column and the left power receiving column are parallel to each other, the lifting groove is embedded and installed on the surface of the charging cover, the end cover is installed at the upper end of the heat dissipating cover, the sealing cover is installed at the upper end of the main body, the heat dissipating cover comprises an overload protector, cooling liquid introduced through an inlet is accumulated in a containing cavity, flows into the lower end of the main body through a communicating pipe, and carries out temperature difference heat reduction on the lower end of the main body.
This kind of radiator structure dispels the heat through the temperature difference at both ends, utilizes natural cooling to reduce the temperature difference of battery in order to promote battery life, but whole heat conduction efficiency is limited, takes away heat and the ability of outwards loss is relatively poor, has can't satisfy the heat dissipation demand of the car lithium cell that current power increases day by day, and heat dissipation structure volume and weight are big simultaneously, have brought extra burden for new energy automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the technical problems and overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a liquid cooling radiator structure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a liquid cooling radiator structure.
The technical effects are as follows: the invention takes the liquid cooling heat dissipation structure with the best cooling effect as the main body, and is matched with the air cooling and phase change heat dissipation structure on the basis, thereby not only solving the problem of low heat dissipation efficiency of the air cooling structure, but also solving the problem of low heat conduction coefficient and influence on the heat dissipation efficiency of the phase change heat dissipation structure, and solving the problem of large temperature difference of each part of the battery generated when the liquid cooling heat dissipation is used.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a liquid cooling radiator structure comprises a shell, wherein a battery pack formed by combining a plurality of cylindrical battery arrays is arranged in the shell, gaps are reserved among batteries, and the battery pack is externally provided with
The liquid cooling assembly comprises a water cooling plate which is in a rectangular structure and is parallel to a horizontal plane and arranged at the bottom of the battery pack, a plurality of caulking grooves which are arranged corresponding to the batteries are formed in the water cooling plate, and the battery pack is fixedly connected in the water cooling plate in an embedded manner; a plurality of cold bars embedded between adjacent battery columns are arranged in the battery pack; the water cooling plate and the cooling strip are respectively provided with a water cooling channel for cooling liquid to circulate;
the air cooling assembly comprises a plurality of air cooling channels arranged on the shell, the air cooling channels are distributed at the bottom and the top of the battery pack, and the air flow direction in the air cooling channels is the same as the cooling liquid flow direction, so that heat replaced by the liquid cooling assembly is taken away through air flow;
the phase-change cooling piece comprises a plurality of phase-change cooling blocks arranged between two adjacent cold bars, two symmetrically arranged phase-change cooling blocks are arranged outside each battery, the batteries are embedded and coated by the two corresponding phase-change cooling blocks, and two side surfaces of the phase-change cooling blocks are fixed on the cold bars on two sides;
at least one accommodating cavity is formed in the phase-change cooling block, and phase-change microcapsules are filled in the accommodating cavity.
Further, one side of the water cooling plate is provided with a liquid inlet, the other side of the water cooling plate is correspondingly provided with a liquid outlet, and a main flow passage communicated with the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet is arranged in the water cooling plate;
a plurality of parallel branch flow passages are arranged in the cold strip, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are correspondingly communicated with the branch flow passages, the main flow passage and the branch flow passages form reflux to circulate cooling liquid, and circulating pumps for pumping the cooling liquid are arranged on the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet.
In the above-mentioned liquid cooling radiator structure, a transition runner is disposed between two adjacent branch runners in the cold strip, a plurality of micro runners are formed between the branch runners and the transition runner, and form a tree-shaped grid shape among the branch runners, the transition runner and the micro runners, and the micro runners incline along the flowing direction of the cooling liquid.
In the above-mentioned liquid cooling radiator structure, three main channels are formed in the water cooling plate, and the main channels on both sides are symmetrically arranged about the center line of the water cooling plate and distributed in a serpentine structure in the longitudinal direction; the main flow channels at the middle position are distributed in a serpentine structure in the transverse direction; the two ends of the main flow channels at the two sides and the main flow channel in the middle are respectively converged at the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet.
The liquid cooling radiator structure comprises an air cooling assembly and a cooling assembly, wherein the air cooling assembly comprises a plurality of bottom air channels which are parallel to each other and are arranged at the bottom of the cold water plate, and a plurality of top air channels which are arranged on the shell and far away from one end of the water cooling plate, the top air channels and the bottom air channels all extend along the circulation direction of cooling liquid, and the top air channels and the bottom air channels are obliquely arranged on the horizontal plane.
In the foregoing liquid cooling radiator structure, the air cooling assembly includes a plurality of heat dissipation fins formed at the bottom surface of the water cooling plate, an acute angle of 10-27 ° is formed between the heat dissipation fins and the extending direction of the bottom air duct, and an included angle of 5-15 ° is formed between the bottom air duct and the horizontal plane.
In the above-mentioned liquid cooling radiator structure, the water cooling plate is formed with a mounting groove with a shape adapted to the shape of the phase-change cooling block around the embedding groove, and the phase-change cooling block is embedded in the mounting groove; when a plurality of accommodating cavities are formed in the phase-change cooling block, the volume of the accommodating cavity at one side far away from the water cooling plate is larger than that of the accommodating cavity at one side close to the water cooling plate.
In the liquid cooling radiator structure, the filling rate of the phase-change microcapsules in the accommodating cavity is 75-88%.
In the above-mentioned liquid cooling radiator structure, the water cooling plate, the cooling strip and the radiating fin are made of one or more of aluminum alloy material, copper-aluminum composite material, graphite material or graphene material, and the main runner, the branch runner, the micro runner and the transition runner are all aluminum alloy tubes.
In the liquid cooling radiator structure, the cooling liquid is water or glycol, and the flow is 0.8-1.7 m/s.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) In the invention, the total effect of liquid cooling heat dissipation when the liquid cooling heat dissipation is applied to the heat dissipation of the automobile battery is optimal, so that the liquid cooling heat dissipation is taken as the basic structure of the whole radiator, and the air cooling assembly is added on the basis, so that the heat can be more rapidly taken away, the heat exchange efficiency is increased, meanwhile, the phase change cooling piece with optimal heat exchange efficiency is matched for carrying out the first heat transfer on the battery, and the defects of large-scale application of phase change cooling can be avoided by small-scale application of phase change cooling; according to the invention, the phase-change cooling piece is directly attached to the battery, heat is quickly led into the liquid cooling assembly through the phase-change cooling piece after the battery heats, the liquid cooling assembly is inserted between the batteries, the heat is transferred to the water cooling plate at the bottom through circulating cooling liquid, the heat is dissipated through the main flow channel in the water cooling plate, finally, the air cooling channel and the radiating fins are matched for air cooling heat exchange, the heat in the cooling liquid is quickly dissipated, and under the matching of three heat dissipation modes, the heat dissipation effect of the battery is excellent, the structure is reasonable, the cost is low, the effect is superior to the independent use of the three heat dissipation modes, and the heat management effect of the battery is optimized;
(2) In the invention, when liquid cooling is independently applied, in order to ensure heat radiation uniformity and heat radiation effect, a plurality of water cooling pipelines are generally arranged between each row of batteries, and heat radiation is carried out in a pipeline distribution mode which is arranged outside the batteries, so that the whole liquid cooling heat radiation module is required to be relatively bulkier and heavier, and the extra burden of an automobile is increased; the phase-change cooling blocks are arranged between the batteries, heat is guided to the middle cold strip through the rapid heat conduction of the phase-change materials, and then the heat is taken away through the cooling liquid in the cold strip, so that the application of the cooling liquid and the pipeline between the batteries is reduced, and the weight of the phase-change cooling blocks and the weight of the phase-change materials are far smaller than those of the cooling liquid and the pipeline, so that the weight of the whole heat dissipation structure can be greatly reduced, and the extra load of an automobile is reduced; in addition, the heat conduction effect of the phase change material is far stronger than that of liquid cooling and air cooling modes, so that the phase change material is applied around the battery in a small scale, the heat conduction rate around the battery is greatly improved, the problem of the application cost of the phase change material is solved, and the overall cost of the radiator is controlled;
(3) According to the invention, after heat is replaced to the cooling liquid, the cooling liquid is converged into the main runner and is input into the water cooling plate at the bottom for heat dissipation, at the moment, the air cooling assembly plays a role in increasing the heat dissipation efficiency on the water cooling plate, and the heat dissipation fins arranged at the bottom can rapidly guide out the heat on the water cooling plate to the air, so that the heat dissipation rate is increased; in addition, after the heat radiation structure is arranged on an automobile, the bottom heat radiation fins can be arranged outside the chassis and exposed in the air, and in the running process of the automobile, the heat radiation effect is improved by utilizing natural wind, and the bottom air channel and the top air channel are the shells capable of guiding air flow into the water cooling plate and the top when the automobile runs, so that the heat radiation effect is further improved; the heat dissipation fins, the bottom air channel and the top part are not required to be led into the battery, so that the tightness of the battery can be ensured, the sealing problem of the battery is not required to be considered when the automobile is driven to dissipate heat, and the heat dissipation effect is optimized;
(4) According to the invention, the liquid cooling heat dissipation structure with the best cooling effect is taken as a main body, and the air cooling and phase change heat dissipation structure is matched on the basis, so that the problem of low heat dissipation efficiency of the air cooling structure is solved, the problem of influence on heat dissipation efficiency due to low heat conduction coefficient of the phase change heat dissipation structure is solved, the problem of large temperature difference of each part of a battery generated when the liquid cooling heat dissipation is used is solved, and after the three heat dissipation technologies are combined and used, the whole weight of the radiator is reduced, the advantages of the respective structures are exerted, and the extremely good heat management effect is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of the housing of embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic view for showing a battery mounting structure in a heat sink in embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the phase change cooling member and the battery in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an air cooling module according to example 1;
fig. 5 is a structural view for showing a heat radiating fin in embodiment 1;
FIG. 6 is a tree structure diagram showing a flow path in example 1;
FIG. 7 is a distribution diagram of the primary flow channels in a water cooled plate;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram for showing the distribution structure of the air cooling channels in embodiment 1;
FIG. 9 is an internal structural view of a phase change cooling block in embodiment 1;
fig. 10 is a graph showing the change of the minimum temperature and the average temperature at different coolant flow rates.
Wherein: 1. a housing; 11. a battery pack; 2. a liquid cooling assembly; 21. a water cooling plate; 211. a liquid inlet; 212. a liquid outlet; 213. a main flow passage; 214. a branch flow passage; 215. a transition flow passage; 216. a microchannel; 22. a caulking groove; 23. cold strip; 24. a water cooling channel; 25. a mounting groove; 3. an air cooling assembly; 31. an air cooling channel; 311. a bottom air duct; 312. a top air duct; 32. a heat radiation fin; 4. a phase change cooling member; 41. a phase change cooling block; 42. a receiving chamber; 5. a circulation pump; 6. a battery pack.
Description of the embodiments
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
In the existing automobile lithium battery heat dissipation structure, three modes of air cooling heat dissipation, liquid cooling heat dissipation and phase change heat dissipation are generally available, the air cooling heat dissipation cost is the lowest, but the heat dissipation efficiency is low, and under the condition that the battery electric quantity and the heat are greatly improved, the air cooling heat dissipation cannot adapt to the heat dissipation effect of the battery. People have less research on phase-change heat dissipation, mainly because the price of the phase-change material is higher, when the phase-change heat dissipation device is used in a large area, the heat dissipation effect of the phase-change heat dissipation mode is not remarkably improved compared with the liquid cooling heat dissipation effect due to the limitation of the middle heat conduction medium material, and meanwhile, the phase-change heat dissipation is temporarily not suitable for large-area heat dissipation.
The liquid cooling heat dissipation has the disadvantage that the whole structure is complex, and in order to ensure good heat dissipation effect, a heat dissipation pipeline is generally required to be surrounded outside each battery, so that the weight of the heat dissipation pipeline plus the weight of cooling liquid in the heat dissipation pipeline is large, and the whole weight of the heat dissipation device is large, thereby bringing additional burden to the new energy automobile.
In addition, because the heat conductivity of the cooling liquid is generally increased, the heat dissipation area needs to be increased to achieve a good heat dissipation effect, so that the temperature difference between the cooling liquid in the heat dissipation pipeline around the battery and the cooling liquid at the rest position is large, when the whole battery dissipates heat, the temperature difference at different positions is large, the temperature consistency of the battery is poor, the rapid attenuation of the battery is easy to cause, the safety risk is easy to be brought, the chain reaction is generated to cause thermal runaway, and the battery is burnt.
Therefore, the whole thought of the invention is that based on liquid cooling heat dissipation, the air cooling heat dissipation and phase change heat dissipation structure is integrated into the liquid cooling heat dissipation structure, the phase change heat dissipation structure is directly contacted with the battery, heat is led out to the liquid cooling heat dissipation structure, and then the heat is dissipated into the air through the water cooling plate and the air cooling heat dissipation structure, so that a good heat dissipation effect is achieved. Meanwhile, the problem of poor battery temperature consistency during liquid cooling heat dissipation is solved by using the high heat conductivity of phase change heat dissipation, and the weight of the phase change heat dissipation and air cooling heat dissipation structure is lighter than that of liquid cooling heat dissipation, so that the weight can be controlled, the extra burden of an automobile is reduced, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the whole heat dissipation structure is greatly improved by using air cooling heat dissipation.
The liquid cooling radiator structure provided in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1 to 3, and includes a casing 1 with a frame structure, a battery pack 611 formed by combining a plurality of cylindrical battery arrays is disposed in the casing 1, a gap is reserved between the batteries, a water cooling assembly is disposed at the bottom of the casing 1, the liquid cooling radiator structure includes a water cooling plate 21 with a rectangular structure parallel to a horizontal plane and disposed at the bottom of the battery pack 611, a plurality of caulking grooves 22 corresponding to the battery arrangement are disposed on the water cooling plate 21, the battery pack 611 is fixedly connected in the water cooling plate 21 in an embedding manner, and a plurality of cooling strips 23 embedded between adjacent battery columns are disposed in the battery pack 611.
Meanwhile, an air cooling assembly 3 is further arranged in the shell 1, the air cooling assembly 3 comprises a plurality of air cooling channels 31 formed in the shell 1, the air cooling channels 31 are distributed at the bottom and the top of the battery pack 611, and the air flowing direction in the air cooling channels 31 is the same as the cooling liquid flowing direction and is used for taking away heat replaced by the water cooling assembly through air flowing. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the air cooling module 3 includes a top air duct 312 provided at a top position of the casing 1 and a bottom air duct 311 provided at a bottom position of the water cooling plate 21.
In addition, still cooperate and be equipped with phase transition cooling piece 4 in the water-cooling subassembly, phase transition cooling piece 4 includes that a plurality of blocks locate the phase transition cooling piece 41 between two adjacent cold bars 23, is equipped with the phase transition cooling piece 41 that two symmetries set up outside every battery, and the battery gomphosis cladding is gone up to two phase transition cooling pieces 41 that correspond, and the both sides face of phase transition cooling piece 41 is fixed on cold bar 23 on both sides.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the air cooling assembly 3 includes a plurality of bottom air channels 311 parallel to each other and disposed at the bottom of the cold water plate, and a plurality of top air channels 312 disposed on the housing 1 and away from one end of the water cooling plate 21, wherein the top air channels 312 and the bottom air channels 311 all extend along the flowing direction of the cooling liquid, and both are disposed obliquely with respect to the horizontal plane.
The air cooling assembly 3 further comprises a plurality of radiating fins 32 formed on the bottom surface of the water cooling plate 21, an acute angle of 10-27 degrees is formed between the radiating fins 32 and the extending direction of the bottom air duct 311, and an angle of 5-15 degrees is formed between the bottom air duct 311 and the horizontal plane.
Because the battery is sealed in the shell 1 and is not in communication contact with the outside, the air cooling channel 31 arranged on the shell 1 and at the bottom of the water cooling plate 21 can communicate with the outside air flow in the running process of the automobile, and a large amount of heat is taken away at a higher flow rate after the air flow enters the air cooling channel 31, so that the heat dissipation effect is increased. And an included angle of 5-15 degrees is formed between the bottom air channel 311 and the horizontal plane, so that the circulation distance of air can be increased when the air enters, and the flow speed of air flow in the air channel is larger than the flow speed of air flow outside the chassis because the speeds are the same, so that the capacity of taking heat by the air flow is further optimized. In addition, the air cooling passage 31 reduces the weight of the housing 1 and the water cooling plate 21, and reduces the extra burden on the vehicle.
The heat dissipation fins 32 are obliquely arranged at the bottom of the water cooling plate 21 to form an acute angle of 10-27 degrees, and the flow rate of air between the heat dissipation fins 32 can be increased to take away more heat. However, the larger wind resistance can be caused by the overlarge angle, and the running speed of the automobile is influenced. According to measurement and calculation, when the included angle of the radiating fins 32 is 18 degrees, a good radiating effect can be achieved under the condition of ensuring small wind resistance, so that the included angle of the radiating fins 32 is most suitable for 18 degrees. Similarly, when the included angle between the bottom air duct 311 and the horizontal plane is 12 degrees, the wind resistance is smaller, and the heat dissipation effect is better.
As shown in fig. 6 to 8, the water cooling plate 21 and the cooling strip 23 are each provided with a water cooling passage 24 through which a cooling liquid flows, and the water cooling passage 24 includes a main passage 213 and a sub passage 214. One side of the water cooling plate 21 is provided with a liquid inlet 211, the other side is correspondingly provided with a liquid outlet 212, and a main flow channel 213 which is communicated with the liquid inlet 211 and the liquid outlet 212 is arranged in the water cooling plate 21; a plurality of parallel branch channels 214 are arranged in the cold strip 23, the liquid inlet 211 and the liquid outlet 212 are correspondingly communicated with the branch channels 214, the main channels 213 and the branch channels 214 form reflux to circulate cooling liquid, and the liquid inlet 211 and the liquid outlet 212 are respectively provided with a circulating pump 5 for pumping the cooling liquid.
A transition runner 215 is arranged between two adjacent branch runners 214 in the cold strip 23, a plurality of micro runners 216 which are obliquely arranged are formed between the branch runners 214 and the transition runner 215, a tree-shaped grid shape is formed among the branch runners 214, the transition runner 215 and the micro runners 216, and the micro runners 216 are inclined along the flowing direction of the cooling liquid.
The main flow channels 213 are formed in three in the water cooling plate 21, and the main flow channels 213 on two sides are symmetrically arranged about the center line of the water cooling plate 21 and distributed in a serpentine structure in the longitudinal direction; the main flow channels 213 at the middle position are distributed in a serpentine structure in the lateral direction; the two ends of the main flow channels 213 at both sides and the middle main flow channel 213 are respectively converged with the liquid inlet 211 and the liquid outlet 212.
The main flow channels 213 are formed in three in the water cooling plate 21, and the coolant with heat can be divided into three flows, which respectively flow into the three main flow channels 213. The main flow channels 213 are distributed in a serpentine shape, so that the flow area and the heat dissipation area of the cooling liquid can be enlarged to the greatest extent, and the optimal heat conduction effect can be achieved.
After the cooling liquid enters the cold strip 23, the cooling liquid is divided into a plurality of branches and flows into the branch flow channels 214, flows into the micro flow channels 216 and the transition flow channels 215 from the branch flow channels 214, so that the cooling liquid is dispersed in the cold strip 23 to form a tree grid shape, the utilization rate of the area of the cold strip 23 is increased, the heat conduction efficiency of the cooling liquid is increased, the cooling liquid can uniformly conduct heat in the phase-change cooling piece 4, and finally, the cooling liquid is collected into the liquid inlet 211 of the water cooling plate 21, and the heat conduction efficiency is improved.
In addition, setting up micro channel 216 and transition runner 215 can also make the velocity of flow of coolant liquid in cold strip 23 accelerate to divide into a plurality of little liquid and carry out the mode of heat exchange, can further promote the heat conduction efficiency of liquid, and because phase change material's coefficient of heat conductivity is high, consequently can cooperate the coolant liquid to shift heat fast, avoid the heat to pile up the temperature inequality that causes when the battery is operated.
As shown in fig. 8, the directions of the micro flow channels 216 are divided into two types, and are inclined toward the liquid inlet 211 and the liquid outlet 212 of the water cooling plate 21. The reason for this is that the liquid is inclined toward the liquid outlet 212 when entering, so that the liquid can be ensured to be rapidly distributed and circulated in the micro flow channel 216 and the transition flow channel 215, and the liquid is inclined toward the liquid inlet 211 when needing to flow out, so that the liquid can be ensured to rapidly flow out of the transition flow channel 215 and the micro flow channel 216.
As shown in fig. 2, 8 and 9, a mounting groove 25 with a shape matching with that of the phase-change cooling block 41 is formed on the water cooling plate 21 at a position surrounding the caulking groove 22, and the phase-change cooling block 41 is embedded in the mounting groove 25; at least one accommodating cavity 42 is formed in the phase-change cooling block 41, and phase-change microcapsules are filled in the accommodating cavity 42. When the plurality of accommodating chambers 42 are formed in the phase-change cooling block 41, the volume of the accommodating chamber 42 on the side away from the water-cooling plate 21 is larger than the volume of the accommodating chamber 42 on the side close to the water-cooling plate 21.
As shown in fig. 9, a coating structure for semi-coating the top of the battery is further provided on the top of the phase-change cooling block 41, so that the heat generated by the battery is relatively large because the top of the battery needs a connecting circuit, and the heat accumulation at the top of the battery can be effectively reduced after the coating structure is provided, thereby further improving the consistency of the temperature of the battery.
In addition, the filling rate of the phase-change microcapsules in the accommodating cavity 42 is 75-88%. Therefore, in order to ensure that the micro-phase change capsule damages the phase change cooling block 41 after absorbing heat and expanding phase change, the phase change cooling block 41 is prevented from deforming to squeeze the battery, and the use safety of the battery is ensured. It was measured that the optimal filling rate of the phase change microcapsules in the receiving cavity 42 was 83%, at which the phase change cooling block 41 was not subjected to too much pressure, and the heat conduction efficiency was in the optimal interval.
The phase-change cooling block 41 is integrally coated outside the battery, a containing cavity 42 is formed in the phase-change cooling block 41, and the phase-change microcapsule is filled, so that heat can be introduced into the cold bars 23 at two sides by utilizing the high thermal conductivity of the phase-change microcapsule. The volume of the accommodating cavity 42 is different, and the volume of the accommodating cavity 42 at the bottom position is smaller than that of the accommodating cavity 42 at the upper position, because the battery at the bottom position is close to the water cooling plate 21, heat conduction can be fast performed, and the battery at the upper position needs more phase change materials to achieve similar heat conduction effect, so that the consistency of the temperatures of all parts of the battery during use is ensured.
In the present invention, the water cooling plate 21, the cold bar 23 and the heat dissipation fin 32 are all made of one or more of aluminum alloy material, copper-aluminum composite material, graphite material or graphene material, and the main runner 213, the sub runner 214, the micro runner 216 and the transition runner 215 are all aluminum alloy tubes. And the cooling liquid is water or glycol, and the flow is 0.8-1.7 m/s.
Among the above materials, graphite materials or graphene materials have the best heat conductive properties, but are expensive to produce and difficult to process, and have low cost performance unless applied to the field of high-end automobiles. Compared with aluminum alloy, the copper material has higher price, so that the aluminum alloy material can achieve the optimal cost performance, and the aluminum alloy material has high heat transfer rate, so that the use requirement of the invention can be met. In the aspect of the selection of the cooling liquid, water is used as the fluid with high specific heat capacity, and can be used as the first choice of the cooling liquid at extremely low price, so that the cooling liquid can be applied to the area with the temperature of more than 0 ℃ in winter. And the glycol can be used as cooling liquid in cold areas due to the antifreezing property.
According to measurement and calculation, the optimal flow rate of the cooling liquid is 1.3m/s, as shown in fig. 10, when the new energy automobile runs at the speed of 80km/h to output current under the conditions that the flow rate of the cooling liquid and the initial temperature of the cooling liquid are 25 ℃ and the outdoor temperature is 25 ℃, the temperature peak value of the battery is 29 ℃, the average temperature is 23 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference in the battery is 1.1 ℃, so that the heat dissipation effect is remarkable.
The invention also provides a plurality of embodiments according to different use situations of the battery, so as to obtain different temperature conditions of the battery for comparison, and the comparison is also provided as comparison, wherein the comparison is a common liquid cooling radiator in the market.
Basic parameters:
the full load mass of the whole vehicle is as follows: 2000kg; the preparation quality is as follows: 1500kg; wind resistance coefficient: 0.32; windward area: 2.4mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wheelbase: 2200mm.
Total energy of battery: 40.3kW; rated voltage: 192V.
Type of motor: a permanent magnet synchronous ac motor; torque: 165 N.m; rated power: 25Kw; peak power: 55Kw.
Examples
Cell exothermic temperature: 5 ℃ and 0.5 ℃ discharge multiplying power. Flow rate of cooling liquid: 1.3m/s, simulating the air flow rate under the running condition of the automobile running speed of 80km/h on a closed road section, and working time length: and 40min.
Examples
Cell exothermic temperature: 25 ℃ and 0.5 ℃ discharge multiplying power. Flow rate of cooling liquid: 1.3m/s, simulating the air flow rate under the running condition of the automobile running speed of 80km/h on a closed road section, and working time length: and 40min.
Examples
Cell exothermic temperature: 45 ℃ and 0.5 ℃ discharge multiplying power. Flow rate of cooling liquid: 1.3m/s, simulating the air flow rate under the running condition of the automobile running speed of 80km/h on a closed road section, and working time length: and 40min.
Examples
Cell exothermic temperature: 25 ℃ and 0.33 ℃ discharge multiplying power. Flow rate of cooling liquid: 1.3m/s, simulating the air flow rate under the running condition of the automobile running speed of 80km/h on a closed road section, and working time length: and 40min.
Examples
Cell exothermic temperature: 25 ℃ and discharge multiplying power 1C. Flow rate of cooling liquid: 1.3m/s, simulating the air flow rate under the running condition of the automobile running speed of 80km/h on a closed road section, and working time length: and 40min.
Comparative example
Cell exothermic temperature: 25 ℃ and 0.5 ℃ discharge multiplying power. Flow rate of cooling liquid: 1.3m/s, simulating the air flow rate under the running condition of the automobile running speed of 80km/h on a closed road section, and working time length: and 40min.
The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 table of temperature conditions after heat release of battery under different conditions
As can be seen from the table, the highest temperature of the lithium battery is controlled well by using the radiator structure of the invention, the temperature difference of monomers is within 2.5 ℃, the temperature difference standard specified in the industry is within 8 ℃, the radiator perfectly accords with the industry standard, and the radiator structure is far stronger than the common liquid cooling radiator in the comparative example. Therefore, the invention can be seen to have excellent heat dissipation effect when applied to heat dissipation of the battery assembly.
In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a liquid cooling radiator structure, includes shell (1), is equipped with group battery (6) (11) that are formed by the combination of a plurality of cylindrical battery arrays in shell (1), leaves the clearance between the battery, its characterized in that: the battery pack (6) (11) is externally provided with
The liquid cooling assembly (2) comprises a water cooling plate (21) which is in a rectangular structure and is parallel to a horizontal plane and is arranged at the bottom of the battery pack (6) (11), a plurality of embedded grooves (22) which are arranged corresponding to the batteries are formed in the water cooling plate (21), and the battery pack (6) (11) is embedded and fixedly connected in the water cooling plate (21); a plurality of cold strips (23) embedded between adjacent battery columns are arranged in the battery packs (6) (11); a water cooling channel (24) for cooling liquid to circulate is arranged in each of the water cooling plate (21) and the cold strip (23);
the air cooling assembly (3) comprises a plurality of air cooling channels (31) which are arranged on the shell (1), the air cooling channels (31) are distributed at the bottom and the top of the battery pack (6) (11), and the air flowing direction in the air cooling channels (31) is the same as the cooling liquid flowing direction and is used for taking away heat replaced by the liquid cooling assembly (2) through air flow;
the phase-change cooling piece (4) comprises a plurality of phase-change cooling blocks (41) arranged between two adjacent cold bars (23), two symmetrically arranged phase-change cooling blocks (41) are arranged outside each battery, the batteries are embedded and coated by the two corresponding phase-change cooling blocks (41), and two side surfaces of the phase-change cooling blocks (41) are fixed on the cold bars (23) on two sides;
at least one accommodating cavity (42) is formed in the phase-change cooling block (41), and phase-change microcapsules are filled in the accommodating cavity (42).
2. A liquid-cooled radiator structure according to claim 1, wherein: a liquid inlet (211) is formed in one side of the water cooling plate (21), a liquid outlet (212) is correspondingly formed in the other side of the water cooling plate (21), and a main runner (213) which is communicated with the liquid inlet (211) and the liquid outlet (212) is formed in the water cooling plate (21);
a plurality of mutually parallel branch channels (214) are formed in the cold strip (23), the liquid inlet (211) and the liquid outlet (212) are correspondingly communicated with the branch channels (214), the main channels (213) and the branch channels (214) form reflux so as to circulate cooling liquid, and circulating pumps (5) for pumping the cooling liquid are arranged on the liquid inlet (211) and the liquid outlet (212).
3. A liquid-cooled radiator structure according to claim 2, wherein: the cooling strip (23) is internally provided with a transition runner (215) between two adjacent branch runners (214), a plurality of micro runners (216) which are obliquely arranged are formed between the branch runners (214) and the transition runner (215), a tree-shaped grid shape is formed between the branch runners (214), the transition runner (215) and the micro runners (216), and the micro runners (216) are inclined along the flowing direction of cooling fluid.
4. A liquid-cooled radiator structure according to claim 1, wherein: the main flow channels (213) are formed in the water cooling plate (21), and the main flow channels (213) on two sides are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the water cooling plate (21) and distributed in a serpentine structure in the longitudinal direction; the main flow channels (213) at the middle position are distributed in a serpentine structure in the transverse direction; the two ends of the main flow channels (213) at the two sides and the two ends of the main flow channels (213) in the middle are respectively converged at the liquid inlet (211) and the liquid outlet (212).
5. A liquid-cooled radiator structure according to claim 1, wherein: the air cooling assembly (3) comprises a plurality of bottom air channels (311) which are parallel to each other and are arranged at the bottom of the cold water plate, and a plurality of top air channels (312) which are arranged on the shell (1) and are away from one end of the water cooling plate (21), wherein the top air channels (312) and the bottom air channels (311) all extend along the circulation direction of cooling liquid, and the top air channels and the bottom air channels are obliquely arranged on the horizontal plane.
6. A liquid-cooled heat sink structure as recited in claim 5, wherein: the air cooling assembly (3) comprises a plurality of radiating fins (32) formed at the bottom surface of the water cooling plate (21), an acute angle of 10-27 degrees is formed between the radiating fins (32) and the extending direction of the bottom air duct (311), and an included angle of 5-15 degrees is formed between the bottom air duct (311) and the horizontal plane.
7. A liquid-cooled radiator structure according to claim 1, wherein: a mounting groove (25) with a shape matched with that of the phase-change cooling block (41) is formed on the water cooling plate (21) around the embedding groove (22), and the phase-change cooling block (41) is embedded in the mounting groove (25); when a plurality of accommodating cavities (42) are formed in the phase-change cooling block (41), the volume of the accommodating cavities (42) at the side far away from the water cooling plate (21) is larger than the volume of the accommodating cavities (42) at the side close to the water cooling plate (21).
8. A liquid-cooled heat sink structure as recited in claim 7, wherein: the filling rate of the phase-change microcapsule in the accommodating cavity (42) is 75-88%.
9. A liquid-cooled radiator structure according to claim 1, wherein: the water cooling plate (21), the cold bars (23) and the radiating fins (32) are made of one or more of aluminum alloy materials, copper-aluminum composite materials, graphite materials or graphene materials, and the main runner (213), the branch runner (214), the micro runner (216) and the transition runner (215) are all aluminum alloy pipes.
10. A liquid-cooled radiator structure according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling liquid is water or glycol, and the flow is 0.8-1.7 m/s.
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