CN116487109A - Preparation method of YBCO wire strip - Google Patents
Preparation method of YBCO wire strip Download PDFInfo
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- CN116487109A CN116487109A CN202310475531.5A CN202310475531A CN116487109A CN 116487109 A CN116487109 A CN 116487109A CN 202310475531 A CN202310475531 A CN 202310475531A CN 116487109 A CN116487109 A CN 116487109A
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- 229910021521 yttrium barium copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UZLYXNNZYFBAQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);ytterbium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Yb+3].[Yb+3] UZLYXNNZYFBAQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910003454 ytterbium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229940075624 ytterbium oxide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ANBZWDBEKOZNHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;oxalic acid Chemical compound CCO.OC(=O)C(O)=O ANBZWDBEKOZNHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000954177 Bangana ariza Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007735 ion beam assisted deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
Landscapes
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of YBCO wire and strip, which comprises the following steps: 1. mixing ytterbium oxide, lead nitrate, barium carbonate, copper and fuming nitric acid solution for reaction to obtain clear solution, then dropwise adding ammonia water and oxalic acid ethanol solution, standing for precipitation, and filtering to obtain YBCO oxalate; 2. heat treatment to obtain YBCO phase-forming powder; 3. filling YBCO phase-forming powder into an Ag tube, processing to obtain a single core wire, and then assembling into a multi-core wire to obtain a YBCO raw wire rod, or rolling the multi-core wire into a YBCO raw belt material; 4. heat treatment gives YPBCO wire strips. According to the invention, a coprecipitation method is adopted, YBCO powder is enabled to be phase-formed at a lower temperature through Pb doping, nano silver particles are introduced in a combined mode, the melting temperature of YBCO phase-forming powder is reduced, pipe loading processing and melting recrystallization growth of YBCO powder are realized, and a high-temperature superconducting YBCO wire strip with good performance is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature superconducting materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of YBCO wire strips.
Background
REBa 2 Cu 3 O y (REBCO, re= Y, la seriesRare earth element) superconducting material has excellent magnetic field current-carrying performance in a liquid nitrogen temperature region and has good application prospect. To achieve long strip applications, researchers have used a variety of compounding techniques to make REBCO coated conductors. And epitaxially growing a textured buffer layer on the metal base band by ion beam assisted deposition, pulse laser deposition, solution deposition and the like, and then epitaxially growing a REBCO superconducting layer. By sharpening the biaxial texture of the superconductive layer, the properties of the tape are improved. Complex and expensive equipment is generally required to prepare REBCO coated conductors, and the high texture of the coated conductors also results in anisotropic tapes, which is of limited application.
It is generally difficult to obtain a multi-cored REBCO wire ribbon with existing coated conductor fabrication techniques. Meanwhile, the isotropic REBCO round wire is difficult to prepare by adopting a powder tubing method and a method of melting and recrystallization growth. The main reason is that REBCO melts and recrystallizes to grow at a particularly high temperature, such as YBa 2 Cu 3 O y The melting temperature of these is generally above 1000 c and oxygen is released during melting and oxygen uptake is required during recrystallization. Special metal sheath materials capable of resisting high temperature and penetrating oxygen are needed to realize the recrystallization, melting and growth of the powder. Under an oxygen-containing atmosphere, the melting point of metallic Ag, which is stable in properties and capable of oxygen permeation, is about 950 ℃. Compared with a silver sheath with relatively low cost, other high-melting-point metals are difficult to process, and the difficult problem of high-temperature oxygen permeation cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of YBCO wire and strip aiming at the defects of the prior art. According to the method, the YBCO phase-forming powder with a low melting point is developed by introducing lead oxide and nano silver particles, and an Ag tube is used as a sheathing material, so that the tubing processing and melting recrystallization growth of the YBCO powder are realized, a high-temperature superconducting YBCO wire strip with good performance is obtained, and the problem of high melting point of YbBCO is solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for preparing YPBCO wire and strip, comprising the steps of:
mixing ytterbium oxide, lead nitrate, barium carbonate and copper according to an atomic ratio Yb: ba: cu=1:x (2-x) 3, wherein x=0.05-0.3, reacting with fuming nitric acid solution in a mixing manner to prepare a clear solution, dropwise adding ammonia water and oxalic acid ethanol solution into the clear solution in a titration manner, fully stirring to obtain turbid liquid containing oxalate precipitate, standing the turbid liquid for precipitation, and filtering to obtain YbPb x Ba 2-x Cu 3 O y I.e., YPBCO oxalate;
performing heat treatment on the YBCO oxalate obtained in the first step to obtain YBCO phase-forming powder; the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: sequentially heating to 500 ℃, 800 ℃ and 850 ℃ and respectively carrying out constant temperature heat preservation for 20 hours, heating to 880 ℃ or 900 ℃ and carrying out constant temperature heat preservation for 20 hours, wherein the atmosphere is air, ball milling is adopted for carrying out homogenization treatment on the obtained intermediate powder after each step of constant temperature heat preservation, nano silver particles are added into the intermediate powder before the last step of constant temperature heat preservation, and the addition amount is 0.5% of the mass of the intermediate powder before the last step of constant temperature heat preservation;
step three, filling the YBCO phase-forming powder obtained in the step two into an Ag pipe, processing to obtain a single core wire, and then assembling the single core wire into a multi-core wire to obtain a YBCO raw wire rod, or continuously rolling the multi-core wire into a strip to obtain a YBCO raw strip;
fourthly, performing heat treatment on the YBCO raw wire and the YBCO raw strip obtained in the third step to obtain a YBCO wire strip; the temperature of the heat treatment is 920-935 ℃, and the atmosphere is air.
The preparation method of the YBCO wire strip is characterized in that the mass concentration of the fuming nitric acid solution in the first step is 90-97.5%, the mass concentration of ammonia water is 20-25%, and the concentration of oxalic acid ethanol solution is 50-150 g/L.
The preparation method of the YBCO wire strip is characterized in that the heating rate in the second step is 50-100 ℃/h.
The preparation method of the YBCO wire strip is characterized in that the multi-core wire in the third step is 37 cores.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the coprecipitation method to prepare YbPb with high uniformity x Ba 2-x Cu 3 O y The (YBCO) precursor powder is introduced with lead oxide with low melting point, so that YBCO oxalate can be phase-formed at a lower temperature to obtain uniform YBCO phase-forming powder with small size, the melting temperature of the YBCO phase-forming powder is reduced to below 950 ℃, and the melting point of the YBCO phase-forming powder is lower than that of a metal cladding Ag pipe, so that the YBCO powder is subjected to tubing processing and melting recrystallization growth, and a high-temperature superconducting YBCO wire strip with good performance is obtained.
2. The invention combines nano silver and uniform YBCO phase-forming powder with small size, can further reduce the melting temperature of YBCO, improves the melting uniformity of YBCO, is beneficial to the melting and regrowth of YBCO at a lower temperature, and further solves the problem of high melting point of YbBCO.
3. Compared with the complex preparation technology and expensive equipment of the existing coated conductor, the high-temperature superconducting material in the multi-core YBCO wire strip does not need biaxial texture control in the melting growth process, the strip is easier to realize a-axis recrystallization growth, the connectivity of crystal grains is improved, the YBCO wire has the advantage of isotropy, the application requirement is better met, and meanwhile, the YBCO powder tubing method is simpler in process and lower in cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
mixing ytterbium oxide, lead nitrate, barium carbonate and copper according to an atomic ratio of Yb to Ba to Cu=1 to 0.2 to 1.8 to 3, weighing 53.088g ytterbium oxide, 17.848g lead nitrate, 95.699g barium carbonate and 51.267g copper respectively, mixing with 325mL fuming nitric acid solution with mass concentration of 95%, reacting to prepare a clear solution, then dropwise adding 660mL ammonia water with mass concentration of 23% and 4L oxalic acid ethanol solution with concentration of 100g/L into the clear solution in a titration mode, fully stirring to obtain turbid solution containing oxalate precipitate, standing the turbid solution for precipitation, and filtering to obtain YBCO oxalate;
performing heat treatment on the YBCO oxalate obtained in the first step to obtain YBCO phase-forming powder; the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: sequentially heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, heating to 850 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, heating to 880 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, wherein the atmosphere is air, ball milling is adopted for homogenizing the obtained intermediate powder after each step of preserving heat at a constant temperature, nano silver particles are added into the intermediate powder before the last step of preserving heat at a constant temperature, and the addition amount is 0.5% of the mass of the intermediate powder before the last step of preserving heat at a constant temperature;
step three, filling the YBCO phase-forming powder obtained in the step two into an Ag pipe, processing to obtain a single core wire, and then assembling the single core wire into a 37 core wire to obtain a YBCO raw wire rod, or continuously rolling the 37 core wire into a strip material to obtain a YBCO raw strip material;
fourthly, performing heat treatment on the YBCO raw wire rod or the YBCO raw strip obtained in the third step to obtain a YBCO wire strip; the temperature of the heat treatment is 920 ℃, and the atmosphere is air.
Through detection, the melting temperature of the YBCO phase-forming powder prepared by the embodiment is 920 ℃, the critical transition temperature of the prepared YBCO wire strip reaches 87K, and the YBCO wire strip has good superconducting performance.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
mixing ytterbium oxide, lead nitrate, barium carbonate and copper according to an atomic ratio of Yb to Ba to Cu=1 to 0.05 to 1.95 to 3, weighing 53.088g ytterbium oxide, 4.461g lead nitrate, 103.677g barium carbonate and 51.267g copper respectively, mixing with 325mL fuming nitric acid solution with mass concentration of 90%, reacting to prepare a clear solution, then dropwise adding 660mL ammonia water with mass concentration of 20% and 4L oxalic acid ethanol solution with mass concentration of 50g/L into the clear solution in a titration mode, fully stirring to obtain turbid liquid containing oxalate precipitate, standing the turbid liquid, precipitating, and filtering to obtain YBCO oxalate;
performing heat treatment on the YBCO oxalate obtained in the first step to obtain YBCO phase-forming powder; the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: sequentially heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, heating to 850 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, wherein the atmosphere is air, ball milling is adopted for homogenizing the obtained intermediate powder after each step of preserving heat at a constant temperature, nano silver particles are added into the intermediate powder before the last step of preserving heat at a constant temperature, and the addition amount is 0.5% of the mass of the intermediate powder before the last step of preserving heat at a constant temperature;
step three, filling the YBCO phase-forming powder obtained in the step two into an Ag pipe, processing to obtain a single core wire, and then assembling the single core wire into a 37 core wire to obtain a YBCO raw wire rod, or continuously rolling the 37 core wire into a strip material to obtain a YBCO raw strip material;
fourthly, performing heat treatment on the YBCO raw wire rod or the YBCO raw strip obtained in the third step to obtain a YBCO wire strip; the temperature of the heat treatment is 935 ℃, and the atmosphere is air.
Through detection, the melting temperature of the YBCO phase-forming powder prepared in the embodiment is 935 ℃, and the critical transition temperature of the prepared YBCO wire strip reaches 80K, so that the YBCO wire strip has good superconducting performance.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
mixing and reacting ytterbium oxide, lead nitrate, barium carbonate and copper according to an atomic ratio of Yb to Ba to Cu=1 to 0.3 to 1.7 to 3, weighing 53.088g of ytterbium oxide, 26.772g of lead nitrate, 90.382g of barium carbonate, 51.267g of copper and 325mL of fuming nitric acid solution with mass concentration of 97.5%, preparing a clear solution, dropwise adding 660mL of ammonia water with mass concentration of 25% and 4L of oxalic acid ethanol solution with mass concentration of 150g/L into the clear solution in a titration mode, fully stirring to obtain turbid liquid containing oxalate precipitate, standing and precipitating the turbid liquid, and filtering to obtain YBCO oxalate;
performing heat treatment on the YBCO oxalate obtained in the first step to obtain YBCO phase-forming powder; the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: sequentially heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, heating to 850 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, heating to 880 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h and preserving heat at a constant temperature for 20h, wherein the atmosphere is air, ball milling is adopted for homogenizing the obtained intermediate powder after each step of preserving heat at a constant temperature, nano silver particles are added into the intermediate powder before the last step of preserving heat at a constant temperature, and the addition amount is 0.5% of the mass of the intermediate powder before the last step of preserving heat at a constant temperature;
step three, filling the YBCO phase-forming powder obtained in the step two into an Ag pipe, processing to obtain a single core wire, and then assembling the single core wire into a 37 core wire to obtain a YBCO raw wire rod, or continuously rolling the 37 core wire into a strip material to obtain a YBCO raw strip material;
fourthly, performing heat treatment on the YBCO raw wire rod or the YBCO raw strip obtained in the third step to obtain a YBCO wire strip; the temperature of the heat treatment is 925 ℃ and the atmosphere is air.
Through detection, the melting temperature of the YBCO phase-forming powder prepared in the embodiment is 925 ℃, the critical transition temperature of the prepared YBCO wire strip reaches 85K, and the YBCO wire strip has good superconducting performance.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, variation and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing YPBCO wire and strip, comprising the steps of:
firstly, mixing ytterbium oxide, lead nitrate, barium carbonate and copper according to atomic proportion Yb: ba: cu=1:x (2-x): 3, wherein x=0.05-0.3, and mixing with fuming nitric acid solution for reaction to preparePreparing a clear solution, then dropwise adding ammonia water and oxalic acid ethanol solution into the clear solution by adopting a titration mode, fully stirring to obtain turbid liquid containing oxalate precipitate, standing the turbid liquid for precipitation, and filtering to obtain YbPb x Ba 2-x Cu 3 O y I.e., YPBCO oxalate;
performing heat treatment on the YBCO oxalate obtained in the first step to obtain YBCO phase-forming powder; the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: sequentially heating to 500 ℃, 800 ℃ and 850 ℃ and respectively carrying out constant temperature heat preservation for 20 hours, heating to 880 ℃ or 900 ℃ and carrying out constant temperature heat preservation for 20 hours, wherein the atmosphere is air, ball milling is adopted for carrying out homogenization treatment on the obtained intermediate powder after each step of constant temperature heat preservation, nano silver particles are added into the intermediate powder before the last step of constant temperature heat preservation, and the addition amount is 0.5% of the mass of the intermediate powder before the last step of constant temperature heat preservation;
step three, filling the YBCO phase-forming powder obtained in the step two into an Ag pipe, processing to obtain a single core wire, and then assembling the single core wire into a multi-core wire to obtain a YBCO raw wire rod, or continuously rolling the multi-core wire into a strip to obtain a YBCO raw strip;
fourthly, performing heat treatment on the YBCO raw wire and the YBCO raw strip obtained in the third step to obtain a YBCO wire strip; the temperature of the heat treatment is 920-935 ℃, and the atmosphere is air.
2. The method for preparing YBCO wire and strip according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the mass concentration of fuming nitric acid solution is 90% -97.5%, the mass concentration of ammonia water is 20% -25%, and the concentration of oxalic acid ethanol solution is 50-150 g/L.
3. The method for producing YPBCO thread strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein said heating rate in step two is 50 ℃/h to 100 ℃/h.
4. The method of producing YPBCO wire and tape according to claim 1, wherein said multi-core wire in step three is 37-core.
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