CN116482380A - 抑郁症的生物标志物的用途 - Google Patents
抑郁症的生物标志物的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了抑郁症的生物标志物的用途,具体涉及生物标志物在制备用于诊断、预防或治疗抑郁症的产品中的用途,生物标志物为前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂、脑磷脂、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸、吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6‑磷酸‑葡萄糖、亮氨酸和缬氨酸15种化合物的组合。当检测到受试者血清中前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂(16:0/16:0)、溶血卵磷脂(18:1(9Z)/0:0)、脑磷脂(14:0/16:0)、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸的水平比正常水平高,而吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6‑磷酸‑葡萄糖、亮氨酸、缬氨酸的水平比正常水平低,则可判定受试者患有抑郁症。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药品研究和生物信息方法学技术领域,涉及抑郁症的生物标志物的用途,具体涉及生物标志物在制备用于诊断、预防或治疗抑郁症的产品中的用途。
背景技术
抑郁症是一种基因与环境交互影响的重大神经精神疾病。以心境障碍和显著而持久的情绪低落为主要临床特征,主要累及青壮年人群;随着现代社会生活节奏的加快和竞争压力的增加,其发病率逐年升高。目前,抑郁症发病机制学说众多,临床与基础研究发现脑内单胺类神经递质失衡、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能紊乱、神经发生障碍及免疫调节紊乱等与抑郁症发生密切相关。基于这些假说,国内外科学家研发了多种抗抑郁新药但这些抗抑郁药物也仅能使部分患者受益,比如根据经典神经递质失衡学说而开展的抗抑郁治疗仅能使40%病人症状缓解。因此,寻找合适的抗抑郁药物的筛选方法及其相关研究已迫在眉睫。
慢性温和应激构建的抑郁动物模型是一种最经典的抑郁模型,已经广泛应用于抑郁症发病机制和药物作用靶点等领域相关研究。但目前该模型的操作步骤并未标准化。所涉及的应激种类较多,同时强调“随机”,各实验室的操作流程几乎都不相同,应激种类没有公认的选择方案,应激的操作顺序和强度等标准没有统一。因此,用这种模型来筛选和评价抗抑郁药物的小鼠模型所实施得到的实验结果经常缺乏一定的稳定性和可复制性。为全面系统科学地筛选和开发抗抑郁新药,因此,一种具有统一、量化、特异性强、快速、科学而全面等特点的用于筛选和评价抗药物药物的小鼠模型的方法亟待构建。
代谢组学是指在特定时间和空间对机体内所有低分子量代谢产物进行定性和定量分析,已成为疾病诊断、药物筛选和精准医学等研究的有效工具。大量研究提示,神经和精神等疾病发生发展过程中,机体基础生化代谢均发生了明显变化,代谢组学已经广泛用于该类疾病的诊断和发病机制研究。
发明内容
本发明通过代谢组学研究发现了前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂、脑磷脂、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸、吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6-磷酸-葡萄糖、亮氨酸和缬氨酸15种内源性代谢产物与抑郁症相关,据此提供该与抑郁症相关的生物标志物的用途。
第一方面,本发明提供生物标志物在制备用于诊断、预防或治疗抑郁症的产品中的用途,所述生物标志物由前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂、脑磷脂、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸、吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6-磷酸-葡萄糖、亮氨酸和缬氨酸组成。
其中,预防或治疗抑郁症的产品包括预防或治疗抑郁症的药物,诊断抑郁症的产品包括诊断试剂、诊断试剂盒、诊断用芯片、辅助诊断系统、辅助诊断仪器中的一种或多种。
本发明提供的生物标志物在制备用于预防或治疗抑郁症的产品中的用途包括辅助开发预防或治疗抑郁症的药物,例如通过监测抑郁症动物使用药物前后生物标志物的水平变化,判断药物对抑郁症的预防或治疗效果。
本发明提供的生物标志物在制备用于诊断抑郁症的产品中的用途包括:采用生物标志物的标准品辅助开发用于诊断抑郁症的诊断试剂、诊断试剂盒、诊断用芯片、辅助诊断系统或辅助诊断仪器。
当采用所述诊断抑郁症的产品检测到受试者血清中前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂(16:0/16:0)、溶血卵磷脂(18:1(9Z)/0:0)、脑磷脂(14:0/16:0)、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸的水平比正常水平高,而吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6-磷酸-葡萄糖、亮氨酸、缬氨酸的水平比正常水平低,则可判定受试者患有抑郁症,所述正常水平为健康受试者血清中生物标志物的水平。
在本发明提供的一些实施方式中,所述抑郁症为慢性温和应激致抑郁症。
第二方面,本发明提供一种抑郁症诊断试剂盒,包括生物标志物的特异性检测试剂,所述生物标志物为前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂、脑磷脂、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸、吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6-磷酸-葡萄糖、亮氨酸和缬氨酸。
在本发明提供的一些实施方式中,该抑郁症诊断试剂盒还包括各生物标志物的标准品。
在本发明提供的一些实施方式中,该抑郁症诊断试剂盒还包括处理样品的试剂,处理样品的试剂包括金属螯合剂、杂质沉淀剂、蛋白变性剂、生物标志物修饰剂、生物标志物标记剂。
第三方面,本发明提供一种抑郁症辅助诊断系统,包括:
获取模块,用于获取受试者样品中的生物标志物的相对丰度;所述生物标志物为前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂、脑磷脂、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸、吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6-磷酸-葡萄糖、亮氨酸和缬氨酸;
评估模块,用于根据所述相对丰度判断受试者罹患抑郁症的风险,并输出评估结果;
其中,所述获取模块与所述评估模块之间通过无线和/或有线方式连接。
在本发明提供的一些实施方式中,所述获取模块包括:
检测模块,用于检测受试者样品中生物标志物的水平;
比较模块,用于将样品中生物标志物的水平与正常水平相比较,输出所述相对丰度。
在本发明提供的一些实施方式中,当比较模块输出受试者样品中前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂(16:0/16:0)、溶血卵磷脂(18:1(9Z)/0:0)、脑磷脂(14:0/16:0)、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸的水平比正常水平高,而吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6-磷酸-葡萄糖、亮氨酸、缬氨酸的水平比正常水平低,则评估模块输出受试者罹患抑郁症风险高的评估结果。
在本发明提供的一些实施方式中,所述检测模块通过以下的一种或多种方法检测样品中生物标志物的水平:色谱法、光谱法、质谱法、化学分析法。
在本发明提供的一些实施方式中,所述样品为血液、血清或血浆。
第四方面,本发明提供一种抑郁症辅助诊断仪器,该仪器采用上述抑郁症辅助诊断系统。
第五方面,本发明提供一种抑郁症相关生物标志物的筛选方法,包括如下步骤:
对健康动物进行不同处理,获得健康组、抑郁模型组、栀子苷给药组、阳性药物组四组动物;
获取各组动物的样本数据,确定主成分;
比较各组样本组间主成分的变量权重值,获得生物标志物的候选变量;
通过候选变量所代表的化合物的信息,在网络数据库中进行搜索、匹配和推测,确定抑郁症相关生物标志物。
在本发明提供的一些实施方式中,所述获取各组动物的样本数据,确定主成分包括:获取各组动物血清的质谱数据,采用SIEVE2.2软件对质谱数据进行处理,将处理后数据导入MetaboAnalyst3.5软件进行主成分分析,确定主成分。
本发明至少具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供了一种通过检测受试者样品中生物标志物的相对丰度来诊断、预防和治疗抑郁症的策略,将该生物标志物用于辅助开发用于诊断、预防或治疗抑郁症的产品,与现有技术相比,本发明提供的诊断抑郁症的产品更全面灵敏,具有高效、快速、无创伤、特异性强的优点。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明技术方案的理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明的技术方案,并不构成对本发明技术方案的限制。
图1展示了本发明的动物处理和实验流程。
图2展示了评价CMS抑郁模型的效果;其中,A、B:OFT中央区总距离和直立次数:C、D展示了FST和TST的不动时间。数据以均值±标准差表示;*P<0.05,*P<0.01与对照组比较;CMS:慢性温和应激;OFT:矿场试验;TST:尾悬试验;FST:强制游泳试验。
图3展示了本发明的代谢组学及通路分析;其中,A为四组小鼠的LC/MSPCA评分图;B为四组小鼠代谢组学数据的热图聚类分析结果;C为CMS组和CON组的LC/MSPLS-DA评分图;D为通路分析。
具体实施方式
为使本发明技术方案的目的和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的数据对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的试验方法流程如图1所示。为了便于说明,仅仅示出了与本发明技术方案相关的部分。
实施例1
将实验动物分成健康组、抑郁模型组、阳性药物组和栀子苷给药组,进行抑郁造模、给药处理并收集血清样本。
动物处理及样品收集的的具体方法为:将24只C57BL/6小鼠于SPF级环境中适应性饲养一周,随机分为4组,即健康组、抑郁模型组、阳性药物组和栀子苷给药组,每组6只。抑郁模型组、阳性药物组及栀子苷给药组给予慢性温和应激4周,在此基础之上,阳性药物组每天灌胃5mg·kg-1·d-1的氟西汀;栀子苷给药组灌胃给予50mg·kg-1·d-1的栀子苷;健康组与抑郁模型组则均给予同等体积的生理盐水。各组小鼠每天按同一时间给予灌胃一次,连续灌胃2周,然后进行行为学评价(结果如图2所示),麻醉处死小鼠收集血清。
实施例2:制备血清样本,并获得LC-MS数据
血清样本的制备和LC-MS数据获取的具体方法为:4组小鼠断头后取血清,于-80℃储存,检测前将血清样品解冻,并取20μL血清样品加入含有180μL67vol%乙腈水溶液中。将各样品各自涡旋30s,并在4℃下以18000×g离心20min以除去蛋白质。将1mL上清液转移到干净的1.5mL离心管中于室温下、氮气流中干燥。使用200μL70vol%乙腈/水重悬浮残余物,然后在4℃下以14000×g离心5min。最后,注入等分试样(5μL)的上清液进行LC-MS分析。LC-MS条件,液相条件为PHENOMEXQCMIX870色谱柱(50×4.6mm,2.6μm),进样量5μL,柱温40℃,运行30min。流动相A乙腈,流动相B为0.1%甲酸,流速为2mL·min-1;质谱条件为正离子模式毛细管电压4000V;雾化器压力为40psi;干燥气流速:10L·min-1,干燥气温度:350℃,采用全扫描,质量扫描范围为m/z10~1000,获得LC-MS数据。
实施例3:LC-MS数据处理和生物标志物筛选
采用SIEVE2.2软件对原始的LC-MS数据进行峰匹配、峰提取及数据导出等处理。将上述得到的数据导入MetaboAnalyst5.0软件进行主成分分析。采用无监督模式识别的主成分分析法(PCA)和有监督模式识别的偏最小二乘法(PLS-DA)。通过得分图(ScoresPlot)比较各组样本组间的差异,以R2X、R2Y、Q2等参数值来评价模型质量,其中R2X、R2Y越接近1表示模型越稳定,Q2>0.5表示预测率高。根据PLS-DA模型得到的变量权重值(VIP),将VIP值大于1的变量作为生物标志物的候选变量,为了验证多维统计中找到的候选变量是否在单位统计上具有显著差别,实验中采用T检验,其中P<0.05有显著性差异。结合载荷图和筛选候选变量,通过这些变量所代表的化合物的质谱信息,在METLIN、HMDB和KEGG等数据库中进行搜索、匹配和推测,最终确定可能的生物标志物。所有数据采用SPSS19.0统计分析软件进行处理,各组数据以(Mean±SEM)表示,采用单因素分差分析来判别组间的差异性。
PCA分析是一种无监督的多元变量统计分析方法,可以从多维空间反应各组样本之间的代谢差异和组间样本差异,是原始数据最初呈现的一种基本原始状态。本实验取健康组、抑郁模型组、阳性药物组和栀子苷给药组小鼠的血清样本进行PCA分析,结果如图3A所示。在PCA三维得分图上四组样本点分散于不同的区域,代谢图谱具有明显差异趋势,说明本实验中的慢性温和应激的造模方法是可行的,且血液中内源性代谢物发生了显著变化。各组样本组内聚集性较好,说明组内小鼠血清内源性代谢物波动较小,代谢状态和变化趋势相对稳定;抑郁模型组与健康组小鼠样本显著分开,说明造模后,血清内源性代谢物发生了显著变化;栀子苷和阳性药物氟西汀组与抑郁模型组很好区分开,说明二者均具有一定的抗抑郁作用。另外,我们对四组代谢组数据进行了热图聚类分析,发现各组数据均具有特异性的分布(图3B)。
正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)是PLS-DA的一种衍生运算分析方法,主要结合了正交矫正信号(OSC)和PLS两种方法,通过将X轴矩阵信息分解成与Y相关和不相关的两类信息,能够排除与分组不相关的一些变量,更准确地筛选出有价值的差异性变量从而使判别能力更优。通过OPLS-DA分析过滤掉不相关的正交信号,结合差异性变量的重要性投影值(VIP)值,从而使获得的差异性代谢物更加可靠。我们采用PLS-DA分析法对健康组小鼠和抑郁模型组小鼠从整体上进行了血清代谢谱数据的模式识别。PLS-DA分析的得分图,R2Y=0.926,Q2=0.935(图3C),说明本实验PLS-DA模型的构建是成功的。
根据PLS-DA分析中的VIP值(VIP>1)和T检验P值(P<0.05),结合METLIN、HMDB和KEGG等数据库鉴定,我们通过比较健康组和抑郁模型组代谢普筛选出了15个生物标志物。与健康组比较,抑郁模型组前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂(16:0/16:0)、溶血卵磷脂(18:1(9Z)/0:0)、脑磷脂(14:0/16:0)、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸的含量比健康组高,而吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6-磷酸-葡萄糖、亮氨酸、缬氨酸的含量比健康组低。
“炎症学说”作为抑郁症发生的学说之一,在抑郁症的发生发展中起着重要作用。作为与炎症相关的代谢物,抑郁小鼠血清前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸水平增加,提示炎症反应介导了小鼠抑郁表型的发生。同时与抑郁模型组比较,健康组、栀子苷给药组、阳性药物组三者血清显著降低,提示栀子苷可能通过抗炎作用发挥抗抑郁效应。
糖代谢异常在抑郁患者和抑郁动物模型中常有报道。作为与糖代谢相关的代谢物,抑郁小鼠血清6-磷酸葡萄糖和乳酸水平减少,提示抑郁小鼠体内可能存在糖酵解作用减弱。栀子苷给药组、阳性药物组血清中这些代谢物的水平又逐渐回复到正常水平,表明栀子苷可以影响抑郁小鼠糖代谢途径,从而纠正其代谢紊乱而发挥抗抑郁作用。
支链氨基酸,包括亮氨酸、缬氨酸和异亮氨酸,作为氮的载体,辅助合成其它氨基酸。文献报道支链氨基酸可以促进胰岛素的合成,甚至引起胰岛素抵抗。在本实验中,抑郁模型组血清中亮氨酸和缬氨酸水平降低,阳性药物组血清中亮氨酸和缬氨酸恢复到正常水平,而栀子苷给药组血清亮氨酸恢复正常,说明栀子苷可以通过影响支链氨基酸的水平发挥抗抑郁作用。另外,抑郁模型组血清中6-磷酸葡萄糖和乳酸水平减少可能是由于支链氨基酸水平减少导致胰岛素分泌较少所致。
氨基丙二酸是一种非必须氨基酸。研究提示,在抑郁病人尿液中水平降低,在抑郁动物模型外周血单核细胞中水平增加,骨骼肌中水平降低,且氯胺酮治疗可以升高骨骼肌中氨基丙二酸水平。在本实验中,抑郁模型组血清氨基丙二酸水平升高,栀子苷给药组、阳性药物组的血清氨基丙二酸水平正常。
实施例4:运用相关数据库和网络软件,构建生物标志物的代谢通路并进行分析
将前面已确定的血清代谢谱(生物标志物)输入MetaboAnalyst5.0对话框中,选择Iuput(输入)标签中的compoudname(代谢产物名称),点击Submit,选择物种:Musmusculus(mouse),HypergeometricTest(超几何分布检验),PathwayTopologyAnalysis(通路拓扑结构分析);采用Relative-betweenessCentrality(两中心相关),然后注册进行通路模型分析。运用KEGG数据库进行信号通路分析,用HMDB数据库对代谢产物分子注释、相关的酶或转运蛋白及其相关性质进行分析,MetaboAnalyst5.0对代谢产物路径进行可视化作图。
将涉及的潜在生物标志物代入MetaboAnalyst5.0数据库中进行分析,构建代谢通路,可知慢性温和应激致抑郁模型小鼠涉及的代谢通路包括:花生四烯酸代谢,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成,甘油磷脂代谢,新霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素生物合成,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解和亚油酸代谢(图3D)。从图中可以看出花生四烯酸代谢,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成,甘油磷脂代谢等3条代谢途径在栀子苷改善慢性温和应激致抑郁模型小鼠内源性代谢中起到重要作用。
本发明采用以上技术方案,通过液质联用(LC-MS)技术对慢性温和应激致抑郁小鼠血清进行代谢组学分析,通过PCA、PLS-DA、OPLS-DA等分析模式一共发现了15种与慢性温和应激致抑郁相关的潜在生物标志物。通过相关数据和MetPA分析得到六条最可能的代谢相关通路,分别是花生四烯酸代谢,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成,甘油磷脂代谢,新霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素生物合成,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解和亚油酸代谢,说明这几种内源性物质与抑郁发生机制联系较为紧密。这些内源性代谢产物在小鼠体内的含量变化从一定程度上反映了慢性温和应激构建的抑郁小鼠体内代谢水平的变化,为监测疾病生理状态下体内代谢物的变化和抑郁的预防和改善提供了一定依据。且迄今为止,未见代谢组学方法用于栀子苷对慢性温和应激致抑郁小鼠干预的血清代谢组学生物标志物的筛选及代谢通路的分析。本发明中慢性温和应激致抑郁在栀子苷干预下其体内内源性代谢物聚类性趋近正常水平,对慢性温和应激致抑郁小鼠代谢紊乱有一定的恢复作用;同时运用代谢组学的方法探讨栀子苷对慢性温和应激致抑郁小鼠内源性物质代谢的影响,从机体整体代谢水平研究栀子苷对抑郁的改善作用,为栀子苷对慢性温和应激致抑郁模型小鼠作用机制的深入研究奠定了一定基础。
以上所述仅是本发明的具体实施方式,使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所发明的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
1.生物标志物在制备用于诊断、预防或治疗抑郁症的产品中的用途,其特征在于:所述生物标志物为前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂、脑磷脂、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸、吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6-磷酸-葡萄糖、亮氨酸和缬氨酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:所述预防或治疗抑郁症的产品包括预防或治疗抑郁症的药物,所述诊断抑郁症的产品包括诊断试剂、诊断试剂盒、诊断用芯片、辅助诊断系统、辅助诊断仪器中的一种或多种。
3.一种抑郁症诊断试剂盒,其特征在于,包括生物标志物的特异性检测试剂,所述生物标志物为前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂、脑磷脂、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸、吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6-磷酸-葡萄糖、亮氨酸和缬氨酸。
4.一种抑郁症辅助诊断系统,其特征在于,包括:
获取模块,用于获取受试者样品中的生物标志物的相对丰度;所述生物标志物为前列腺素E2、白三烯C4、花生四烯酸、卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂、脑磷脂、肌酸、油酸酰胺、氨基乙酸、吲哚硫酸、睾酮、乳酸、6-磷酸-葡萄糖、亮氨酸和缬氨酸;
评估模块,用于根据所述相对丰度判断受试者罹患抑郁症的风险,并输出评估结果;
其中,所述获取模块与所述预测模块之间通过无线和/或有线方式连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抑郁症辅助诊断系统,其特征在于:所述获取模块包括:
检测模块,用于检测受试者样品中生物标志物的水平;
比较模块,用于将样品中生物标志物的水平与正常水平相比较,输出所述相对丰度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抑郁症辅助诊断系统,其特征在于:所述检测模块通过以下的一种或多种方法检测样品中生物标志物的水平:色谱法、光谱法、质谱法、化学分析法。
7.根据权利要求4所述的抑郁症辅助诊断系统,其特征在于:所述样品为血液、血清或血浆。
8.一种抑郁症辅助诊断仪器,其特征在于:采用权利要求4~7任一项所述的抑郁症辅助诊断系统。
9.一种抑郁症相关生物标志物的筛选方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
对健康动物进行不同处理,获得健康组、抑郁模型组、栀子苷给药组、阳性药物组四组动物;
获取各组动物的样本数据,确定主成分;
比较各组样本组间主成分的变量权重值,获得生物标志物的候选变量;
通过候选变量所代表的化合物的信息,在网络数据库中进行搜索、匹配和推测,确定抑郁症相关生物标志物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的抑郁症相关生物标志物的筛选方法,其特征在于:所述获取各组动物的样本数据,确定主成分包括:获取各组动物血清的质谱数据,采用SIEVE2.2软件对质谱数据进行处理,将处理后数据导入MetaboAnalyst3.5软件进行主成分分析,确定主成分。
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