CN116480347A - Hydraulic fracturing method for coal mine roof - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing method for coal mine roof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116480347A CN116480347A CN202310759423.0A CN202310759423A CN116480347A CN 116480347 A CN116480347 A CN 116480347A CN 202310759423 A CN202310759423 A CN 202310759423A CN 116480347 A CN116480347 A CN 116480347A
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- hydraulic fracturing
- long
- drilling
- roof
- coal mine
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mines, in particular to a hydraulic fracturing method for a coal mine roof. The hydraulic fracturing method of the coal mine roof comprises the following steps: slitting: directionally slitting the top plate along the roadway direction to form a gap; drilling: directional punching is carried out on the top plate to form a long drill hole; fracturing: hydraulic fracturing is performed within long boreholes. According to the hydraulic fracturing method for the coal mine roof, provided by the invention, the transverse boundary of hydraulic fracturing can be defined by the existence of the gap, so that the subsequent hydraulic fracturing range is controllable, the fracturing effect is greatly enhanced, and the method is safer; the directional length of punching of roof can be prolonged, long drilling of longer length is formed, the service range of fracturing is enlarged, the operation procedure is simpler, and the action quantity is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mines, in particular to a hydraulic fracturing method for a coal mine roof.
Background
Compared with the blasting means, the hydraulic fracturing technology has obvious safety advantage in the underground coal mine environment, and is a popular disaster prevention measure in the coal mine industry in recent years.
In the existing hydraulic fracturing technology, short-hole (hole depth is smaller than 100 m) whole-section fracturing is generally adopted to carry out operations such as stope surrounding rock pressure relief, gas extraction and permeability improvement, and the technical development is greatly hindered because the short-hole fracturing service range is smaller, so that the operation procedure is complex and the engineering quantity is huge. In recent years, various attempts have also been made to combine hydraulic fracturing techniques with the use of kilometer drilling (hole depths up to 500m and even more), but this has the problem of uncontrollable fracturing ranges.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydraulic fracturing method for a coal mine roof, which aims to solve the technical problems of small fracturing service range or uncontrollable fracturing range in the hydraulic fracturing technology in the prior art.
The invention provides a hydraulic fracturing method of a coal mine roof, which comprises the following steps:
slitting: directionally slitting the top plate along the roadway direction to form a gap;
drilling: directionally punching the top plate to form a long drill hole;
fracturing: hydraulic fracturing is performed within the long borehole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the hydraulic fracturing method for the coal mine roof, before hydraulic fracturing is carried out in the long drilled hole, the roof is directionally kerfed along the roadway direction to form the gap, and the transverse boundary of the hydraulic fracturing can be defined by the existence of the gap, so that the subsequent hydraulic fracturing range is controllable, the fracturing effect is greatly enhanced, and the hydraulic fracturing method is safer; in addition, the length of directional punching of roof can also be prolonged, long drilling with longer length is formed, the service range of fracturing can be enlarged, the operation procedure is simpler, and the action quantity is reduced. In addition, the hydraulic fracturing mode is adopted to prevent and treat coal mine disasters, and the method is safer than the blasting method.
As an embodiment, before the lancing step, the method further comprises:
presetting a punching path and length of the long drilling hole;
determining a hydraulic fracturing range according to a preset perforation path and length of the long drilling hole;
determining the height of the gap according to the hydraulic fracturing range; the upper end of the gap is higher than the upper end of the hydraulic fracturing range.
As an embodiment, the lancing step includes: from within the roadway, directionally slitting the top plate along the roadway direction;
and/or, the drilling step comprises: and (3) directionally punching the top plate from the tunnel.
As one implementation manner, the number of the gaps is two, and the gaps are respectively positioned at two lateral sides of the hydraulic fracturing range;
and/or the inclination angle of the gap is 0-30 degrees.
As one embodiment, the long drilled hole has a length of 100m or more;
and/or, in the drilling step, adopting a kilometer drilling machine to conduct directional drilling.
As an embodiment, before the fracturing step, the method further comprises: secondary drilling: and (3) directionally punching the top plate from the long drilling hole to form branch holes.
The fracturing step further comprises: and carrying out hydraulic fracturing in the branch hole.
As an embodiment, the secondary drilling step includes: and (3) directionally punching the top plate by a plurality of parts of the long drilled holes to form comb-shaped branch holes.
As one embodiment, the branching hole includes at least one of an upward branching hole, a downward branching hole, and a horizontal branching hole.
As an embodiment, the fracturing step includes: staged hydraulic fracturing is performed within the long bore and the branch bore.
As an embodiment, if the disaster to be treated is a rock burst disaster, a roof overhanging or a working face is high in pressure, a perforation path and a length of the long drill hole are determined according to a position of a key layer of the roof, and the long drill hole penetrates into the key layer of the roof.
If the disaster is low in caving rate of top coal, determining a perforating path and length of the long drilling hole according to the position of the coal bed, and enabling the hydraulic fracturing range to overlap with the coal bed.
If the disaster is a water disaster, determining a punching path and length of the long drilling hole according to the position of the water-bearing layer of the top plate, the position of the rock layer and the crushing expansion coefficient of the rock layer, so that the hydraulic fracturing range is controlled below the water-bearing layer, and crushed rock can fill a goaf.
If the gas extraction is aimed at, determining the perforation path and length of the long drilling holes according to the position of the gas enrichment region, so that the hydraulic fracturing range is diffused to each gas enrichment region or most of the gas enrichment regions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a front elevation view of a coal mine face;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a coal mine face;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a coal mine working face formed after lancing by the hydraulic fracturing method of the coal mine roof provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a coal mine working face formed after lancing by the hydraulic fracturing method of the coal mine roof provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is an elevation view of a coal mine working face formed after drilling by the hydraulic fracturing method of the coal mine roof according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a coal mine working face formed after drilling by the hydraulic fracturing method of the coal mine roof according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a coal mine working face formed after drilling by the hydraulic fracturing method of the coal mine roof according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is an elevation view of a coal mine face formed after secondary drilling by the hydraulic fracturing method of a coal mine roof provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a side view of a coal mine working face formed after secondary drilling by the hydraulic fracturing method of the coal mine roof provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is an elevation view of another coal mine face formed after secondary drilling by the hydraulic fracturing method of the coal mine roof provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a side view of another coal mine face formed after secondary drilling using the hydraulic fracturing method of the coal mine roof provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100-roadway;
200-top plate; 210-gap; 220-long drilling; 230-upward branching hole; 240-downward branch hole;
300-coal seam.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention will now be described in further detail by way of specific examples of embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate front and side views, respectively, of a coal mine face prior to hydraulic fracturing; FIGS. 3 and 4 are front and side views, respectively, of a coal mine working face formed after lancing is completed by the hydraulic fracturing method for a coal mine roof provided in this embodiment, wherein the broken line in FIG. 4 represents the upper end of a slit created after lancing; FIGS. 5 to 7 are front, side and top views respectively illustrating a coal mine face formed after drilling is completed by the hydraulic fracturing method for a coal mine roof according to the present embodiment, wherein broken lines in FIGS. 6 and 7 represent upper ends of slits 210; fig. 6 and 7 are a front view and a side view, respectively, of a coal mine working face formed after secondary drilling is completed by the hydraulic fracturing method for the coal mine roof provided by the embodiment, wherein the secondary drilling adopts a downward drilling mode, and a broken line in fig. 7 represents the upper end of a gap 210; fig. 8 and 9 are schematic front and side views of a coal mine working face formed after secondary drilling is completed by the hydraulic fracturing method for the coal mine roof according to the embodiment, wherein the secondary drilling adopts an upward drilling mode, and a broken line in fig. 9 represents the upper end of the slit 210. Fig. 7 may also be regarded as a top view of a coal mine working face formed after completion of secondary drilling by the hydraulic fracturing method for the coal mine roof provided in this embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1-7, the embodiment provides a hydraulic fracturing method for a coal mine roof, which includes:
slitting: directionally slitting the top plate 200 along the roadway direction to form a slit 210;
drilling: directional punching of the top plate 200 to form long holes 220;
fracturing: hydraulic fracturing is performed within the long drilled hole 220.
According to the hydraulic fracturing method for the coal mine roof, before hydraulic fracturing is carried out in the long drilled hole, the roof 200 is directionally slit along the trend of the roadway 100 to form the slit 210, and the transverse boundary of the hydraulic fracturing can be defined by the existence of the slit 210, so that the subsequent hydraulic fracturing range is controllable, the fracturing effect is greatly enhanced, and the hydraulic fracturing method is safer; in addition, the length of directional drilling of the top plate 200 can be prolonged, long drilling 220 with longer length can be formed, the fracturing service range can be enlarged, the operation procedure is simpler, and the action quantity is reduced. In addition, the hydraulic fracturing mode is adopted to prevent and treat coal mine disasters, and the method is safer than the blasting method.
Specifically, the roof 200 may be directionally slit by means of focused blasting or directional hydraulic slitting.
During specific operation, the sewing step can be performed firstly, then the drilling step can be performed, and then the sewing step can be performed firstly; the method only needs to ensure that the lancing step and the drilling step are finished before the fracturing step.
Before the lancing step, the perforation path and length of the long borehole 220 may be preset; determining a hydraulic fracturing range according to a preset perforation path and length of the long drilling hole 220; according to the hydraulic fracturing range, the height of the gap 210 is determined, so that the upper end height of the gap 210 is higher than the upper end height of the hydraulic fracturing range, and the controllability of the subsequent hydraulic fracturing range can be improved, and the pre-fracturing effect and safety are further enhanced.
The lancing step may specifically include: from within roadway 100, roof 200 is directionally lanced along the roadway run with high safety.
The drilling step may specifically include: the roof 200 is perforated in an oriented manner from within the roadway 100, so that the safety is high.
The directional lancing can be carried out from one side of the roadway 100 close to the working surface from bottom to top towards the direction far away from the roadway 100, so that the part of the top plate above the roadway 100 is protected from collapsing; the slits are preferably oriented from the top corner of the roadway 100 near the working surface. The top plate 200 can be directionally punched from one side of the roadway 100, which is close to the working surface, to the direction away from the roadway 100 from bottom to top, after the working surface is recovered after fracturing, the part of the top plate 200 in the fracturing range is more prone to collapse, and the top plate 200 is positioned above the roadway 100 and is not affected by fracturing; preferably from the top corner of the roadway 100 near the working surface. Of course, for other working conditions with other requirements, the directional lancing can be performed from other positions of the roadway 100, and the inclination direction of the lancing can be adjusted correspondingly; likewise, directional drilling may be selected from other locations of roadway 100, and the direction of curvature of long borehole 220 may be adjusted accordingly.
The two slits 210 may be provided, and the two slits 210 may be provided at both lateral sides of the hydraulic fracturing area, so that the hydraulic fracturing area may be controlled to be in a region between the two slits 210, and the effect is better.
Specifically, the inclination angle of the slit 210 is set to 0-30 ° to obtain a better pre-cracking effect. Preferably, the inclination angle of the slit 210 may be set to 10 to 15 °.
The length of the long drilled hole 220 is preferably set to be 100m or more in order to obtain a wide frac service range.
In the above drilling step, directional drilling may be performed using a kilometer drill to ensure the length of the long drill 220.
Referring to fig. 8-11, prior to fracturing, a secondary drilling may be performed: directionally perforating the top plate 200 from within the long drilled holes 220 to form branch holes; in fracturing, in addition to hydraulic fracturing in the long drilled holes 220, further hydraulic fracturing is performed in the branch holes to increase the fracturing range of the roof 200, making the fracture zone vertically controllable.
The secondary drilling step may specifically include directional drilling of the top plate 200 by a plurality of positions of the long drill hole 220 to form comb-shaped branch holes, so that the fracturing range can be further increased, and the controllability of the fracturing area in the vertical direction can be improved.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, a downward branch hole 240 may be formed by punching a long hole downward; referring to fig. 10 and 11, an upward branch hole 230 may be formed by punching upward a long drill hole 220; horizontal bores may also be drilled by long bores 220 to form horizontal branch bores. Of course, two or three of the upward branch hole 230, the downward branch hole 240, and the horizontal branch hole may be formed by horizontally perforating the long drilled hole 220, respectively.
In the fracturing step, staged hydraulic fracturing is preferably performed in the long drilled 220 and branch bores to obtain a better hydraulic fracturing effect.
If the disaster is rock burst disaster, roof overhanging or working face coming pressure intensity is high, then according to the position of the key layer of roof, the perforation route and length of long drilling 220 are determined, so that long drilling 220 penetrates into the key layer of roof 200, after the roof 200 of the fracturing area is fractured, stress concentration can be effectively released, strength is reduced, post-frame collapse is facilitated, therefore, rock burst risk can be relieved, post-frame overhanging can be effectively avoided, and working face coming pressure intensity is weakened.
If the disaster is low in top coal caving rate, the perforation path and length of the long drilling holes 220 are determined according to the position of the coal seam 300, so that the hydraulic fracturing range is overlapped with the coal seam 300, the fracturing effect of the coal seam 300 is ensured, the top coal can be effectively forced to be broken and discharged, the top coal caving rate is improved, and the top coal blocking rate is reduced. In this case, the long drilled hole 220 may penetrate into a position above the coal seam 300 near the coal seam 300, or may penetrate directly into the top of the coal seam 300.
If the disaster to be treated is a water disaster, the perforation path and length of the long drilled hole 220 are determined according to the aquifer position, the rock layer position and the breaking expansion coefficient of the rock layer of the top plate 200, so as to satisfy the following requirements: the long borehole 220 cannot be too high, and the fracture zone is lowered so that the hydraulic fracturing range is controlled below the aquifer, and the fracture is prevented from expanding to the aquifer; meanwhile, the long drilling holes 220 cannot be too low, so that the collapse zone of the top plate 200 is increased, the enough rock breaking amount is ensured, broken rocks generated after the top plate 200 of the fracturing area collapses can fill the goaf after the volume expansion, and the breaking of the aquifer of the top plate 200 is effectively prevented.
If the gas extraction is performed, the perforation path and length of the long drilling hole 220 are determined according to the position of the gas enrichment region, so that the hydraulic fracturing range is diffused to each gas enrichment region or most gas enrichment regions, that is, the hydraulic fracturing range is diffused to as many gas enrichment regions as possible, and the cracks generated in the fracturing regions can effectively increase the air permeability and improve the gas extraction efficiency and effect. Specifically, if the gas enrichment zone is less and more diffuse, the long bore 220 may be selected to be driven directly into the gas enrichment zone; if the gas enrichment areas are more and more concentrated, the long drilling holes 220 can be selected to be drilled in the central area of the area surrounded by the gas enrichment areas, so that the cracks generated after hydraulic fracturing in the long drilling holes 220 can be extended into the gas enrichment areas as much as possible, the number of drilling holes is reduced, and the workload is reduced. The gas enrichment zone may be a roof seam, a floor seam or a bed seam.
The hydraulic fracturing method for the coal mine roof provided by the embodiment can also be used for other disaster management.
In addition, in the aspect of gob-side entry retaining, the method can be adopted for optimization, so that the working face is promoted to collapse, and the entry retaining effect is improved.
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be assessed accordingly to that of the appended claims.
Finally, it is also noted that, in this document, the term "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples: any person skilled in the art may modify or easily conceive of the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent substitution of some of the technical features, while remaining within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic fracturing method for a roof of a coal mine, comprising:
slitting: directionally slitting the top plate along the roadway direction to form a gap;
drilling: directionally punching the top plate to form a long drill hole;
fracturing: hydraulic fracturing is performed within the long borehole.
2. The method of roof hydraulic fracturing of a coal mine of claim 1, wherein prior to the lancing step, the method further comprises:
presetting a punching path and length of the long drilling hole;
determining a hydraulic fracturing range according to a preset perforation path and length of the long drilling hole;
determining the height of the gap according to the hydraulic fracturing range; the upper end of the gap is higher than the upper end of the hydraulic fracturing range.
3. The roof hydraulic fracturing method of a coal mine of claim 1, wherein the lancing step comprises: from within the roadway, directionally slitting the top plate along the roadway direction;
and/or, the drilling step comprises: and (3) directionally punching the top plate from the tunnel.
4. The coal mine roof hydraulic fracturing method of claim 2, wherein the number of the gaps is two, and the gaps are respectively positioned at two lateral sides of the hydraulic fracturing range;
and/or the inclination angle of the gap is 0-30 degrees.
5. The roof hydraulic fracturing method of a coal mine according to claim 1, wherein the length of the long bore hole is 100m or more;
and/or, in the drilling step, adopting a kilometer drilling machine to conduct directional drilling.
6. The coal mine roof hydraulic fracturing method of claim 1, wherein prior to the fracturing step, the method further comprises: secondary drilling: directionally punching the top plate from the long drilling hole to form a branch hole;
the fracturing step further comprises: and carrying out hydraulic fracturing in the branch hole.
7. The method of hydraulic fracturing of a roof of a coal mine of claim 6, wherein the secondary drilling step comprises: and (3) directionally punching the top plate by a plurality of parts of the long drilled holes to form comb-shaped branch holes.
8. The roof hydraulic fracturing method of claim 6, wherein said branch bores include at least one of an upward branch bore, a downward branch bore, and a horizontal branch bore.
9. The coal mine roof hydraulic fracturing method of claim 6, wherein the fracturing step comprises: staged hydraulic fracturing is performed within the long bore and the branch bore.
10. The hydraulic fracturing method of a coal mine roof according to claim 2 or 4, wherein if the disaster is a rock burst disaster, roof overhanging or working face pressure is high, determining a perforation path and length of the long drill hole according to the position of a key layer of the roof, so that the long drill hole penetrates into the key layer of the roof;
if the disaster is low in top coal caving rate, determining a perforating path and length of the long drilling hole according to the position of the coal bed, and enabling the hydraulic fracturing range to overlap with the coal bed;
if the disaster is a water disaster, determining a punching path and length of the long drilling hole according to the position of an aquifer of the top plate, the position of a rock layer and the crushing expansion coefficient of the rock layer, so that the hydraulic fracturing range is controlled below the aquifer, and crushed rock can fill a goaf;
if the gas extraction is aimed at, determining the perforation path and length of the long drilling holes according to the position of the gas enrichment region, so that the hydraulic fracturing range is diffused to each gas enrichment region or most of the gas enrichment regions.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117738688A (en) * | 2024-02-20 | 2024-03-22 | 华能煤炭技术研究有限公司 | Quick tunneling method for coal mine tunnel |
| CN117738688B (en) * | 2024-02-20 | 2024-05-14 | 华能煤炭技术研究有限公司 | Quick tunneling method for coal mine tunnel |
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