CN117738688A - Quick tunneling method for coal mine tunnel - Google Patents
Quick tunneling method for coal mine tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN117738688A CN117738688A CN202410188049.8A CN202410188049A CN117738688A CN 117738688 A CN117738688 A CN 117738688A CN 202410188049 A CN202410188049 A CN 202410188049A CN 117738688 A CN117738688 A CN 117738688A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a rapid tunneling method for a coal mine tunnel. The method comprises the following steps: performing advanced detection drilling construction in a pre-tunneling direction; performing fracturing by utilizing the advanced detection borehole; the pre-excavation roadway tunneling is implemented along the trend of the advanced detection drilling hole, and the method enables the pre-excavation roadway area to be subjected to pressure relief and crushing, reduces the difficulty and the workload of pre-excavation roadway tunneling, increases the pre-excavation roadway tunneling speed, and achieves rapid tunneling of coal mine roadways.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a rapid tunneling method for a coal mine tunnel.
Background
Tunneling is a basic operation of a coal mine, particularly a tunnel for serving stope of a coal mine working face, and is large in tunneling quantity and required to keep consistent with the trend of a coal seam.
In the conventional tunneling method, an advanced detection hole is required to be continuously drilled along the middle part of the head-on tunneling of the tunnel, for example, the drilling length of the detection hole is 50-100m each time, and when the drilling length is 10-20m, the next round of advanced drilling is performed, so that the trend of the front coal seam is judged, and tunneling operation is carried out along the trend of the detection hole.
The existing method has complex procedures, causes high tunneling difficulty and workload, and seriously affects the tunneling speed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapid tunneling method for a coal mine tunnel, which aims to solve the problems of high difficulty and workload of current tunnel tunneling and low tunneling speed.
The embodiment of the invention provides a rapid tunneling method for a coal mine tunnel, which comprises the following steps: performing advanced detection drilling construction in a pre-tunneling direction; performing fracturing using the advanced detection borehole; and carrying out pre-digging roadway tunneling along the trend of the advanced detection drilling hole.
Optionally, the advanced detection drilling hole is a directional long drilling hole, and the length of the advanced detection drilling hole ranges from 500m to 3000m.
Optionally, the performing advanced detection drilling construction in the pre-tunneling direction includes: and performing underground construction, namely performing advanced detection drilling construction from the middle part of the section of the pre-digging roadway to the top corner of the pre-digging roadway.
Optionally, the performing advanced detection drilling construction in the pre-tunneling direction includes: and the first ground construction is that the advanced detection drilling construction is carried out on the top angle of the pre-digging roadway after the first ground construction drills a preset depth with the same drilling channel from the ground to the underground.
Optionally, the performing advanced detection drilling construction in the pre-tunneling direction includes: and the second ground construction is that the advanced detection drilling construction is carried out from the ground to the underground along different drilling channels to the top angle of the pre-digging roadway.
Optionally, the fracturing is performed by using the advanced detection borehole, including the following steps: and carrying out directional sectional fracturing along the boundary of the pre-digging roadway by utilizing the advanced detection drilling holes positioned at the top angles.
Optionally, after the step of directional staged fracturing along the pre-excavated roadway boundary, the method further comprises the steps of: performing supplementary fracturing drilling construction in the middle of the pre-digging roadway, wherein the number of the supplementary fracturing drilling holes is determined according to the hardness of coal rock mass; and carrying out non-directional segmented fracturing by utilizing the supplementary fracturing drilling holes.
Optionally, after the step of performing the non-directional segmented fracturing with the supplemental fracturing borehole, the method further comprises the steps of: and carrying out water injection operation on the advanced detection drilling hole after staged fracturing and/or the supplementary fracturing drilling hole after staged fracturing.
Optionally, the top angle of the pre-excavated roadway includes: and (2) a pair of opposite vertex angles of the pre-digging roadway and/or four vertex angles of the pre-digging roadway.
Optionally, the performing advanced detection drilling construction in the pre-tunneling direction further includes: and carrying out the advanced detection drilling construction by combining the underground construction and the ground construction, wherein the ground construction comprises the first ground construction and/or the second ground construction.
According to the rapid tunneling method for the coal mine tunnel, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the advanced detection drilling construction is carried out in the pre-tunneling direction, and the advancing detection of the pre-tunneling tunnel is realized by judging the trend of the front coal seam by utilizing the advanced detection drilling; the advanced detection drilling is utilized to implement fracturing, so that pressure relief and crushing of a pre-digging roadway area are realized, the difficulty and the workload of roadway tunneling are reduced, and the roadway tunneling speed is increased; and pre-tunneling is implemented along the trend of the advanced detection drilling hole, so that the tunneling direction is ensured to be correct.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1a is an elevation view of a prior art pilot borehole in the middle of a roadway;
FIG. 1b is a side view of a prior art center advance detection borehole;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a rapid tunneling method for a coal mine tunnel provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a specific implementation of a rapid tunneling method for a coal mine tunnel provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4a is a front view of a pair of advanced detection directional long holes on a pair of vertex angles of a pre-excavated roadway according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4b is a side view of a pair of advanced detection directional long holes of a pair of vertex angles of a pre-excavated roadway provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5a is an elevation view of a downhole advanced detection directional long borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a side view of a downhole advanced detection directional long borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6a is an elevation view of a first surface lead detection directional long borehole provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6b is a side view of a first ground advance detection directional long borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7a is an elevation view of a second surface lead detection directional elongate borehole provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a side view of a second ground advance detection directional long borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8a is a front view of a pre-dig roadway top angle advanced detection directional long-drilling fracturing provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8b is a side view of a pre-dig roadway top angle advanced detection directional long-drilling fracture provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is an elevation view of a pre-excavated roadway four apex angle advanced detection directional long borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10a is a front view of a supplemental directional long-bore fracturing in the middle of a pre-excavated roadway provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10b is a side view of a supplemental directional long-bore fracturing of the middle portion of a pre-excavated roadway provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11a is a front view of the completion of tunneling according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11b is a side view of the completion of tunneling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of the drawings: 110-pre-digging a roadway, 120-pre-digging a roadway boundary, 130-advanced detection drilling, 140-advanced detection directional long drilling, 150-supplementary directional long drilling and 160-roadway.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to the front and side views of the prior art center advance detection borehole shown in fig. 1a and 1b, respectively, including pre-tunnel 110, pre-tunnel boundary 120, and advance detection borehole 130, the current common tunneling method is: continuously drilling an advanced detection drilling hole along the middle part of the tunneling head of the tunnel so as to judge the trend of the front coal seam, then performing tunneling operation along the trend of the detection drilling hole, and after the tunneling operation is completed, recycling the steps until the tunneling of the tunnel is completed; illustratively, each time the probe hole is drilled 50-100m long, 10-20m remain, the next round of advanced drilling is performed.
The invention will now be described in further detail by way of specific examples of embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a rapid tunneling method for a coal mine tunnel, which is shown in a schematic flow chart of the rapid tunneling method for the coal mine tunnel in FIG. 2, and comprises the following steps:
s210, performing advanced detection drilling construction in the pre-tunneling direction.
Optionally, the advanced detection drilling hole is a directional long drilling hole, and the length of the advanced detection drilling hole ranges from 500m to 3000m. The length of the advanced detection drilling holes is prolonged, the advanced detection range can be enlarged, the tunneling direction is adjusted and planned in advance according to the detection result, the safety of tunneling operation is better guaranteed, in addition, the number of the advanced detection drilling holes can be reduced, the workload is reduced, the interaction between tunneling of the pre-tunneling roadway and the advanced detection operation can be reduced, and the operation procedure is simpler.
It should be noted that, setting the advanced detection drilling hole as the directional long drilling hole, that is, setting the advanced detection directional long drilling hole, the setting of the advanced detection directional long drilling hole adopts the directional long drilling hole drilling technology, that is, the drill bit section is provided with a guiding device, which can continuously adjust and correct the drilling track, while the drilling technology in the common tunneling method is the non-directional drilling technology, that is, the drill bit and the drill rod cannot be guided, so that only tens of meters can be drilled generally, and when the drilling length is longer, the track drift is serious, and the coal seam trend cannot be detected accurately.
S220, fracturing is conducted by means of advanced detection drilling.
S230, pre-tunneling is carried out along the trend of the advanced detection drilling hole.
According to the rapid tunneling method for the coal mine tunnel, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, before tunnel tunneling, advanced detection drilling construction is carried out in the pre-tunneling direction, and the advancing detection drilling is utilized to judge the trend of the front coal seam, so that the advanced detection of the pre-tunneling tunnel is realized; the advanced detection drilling is utilized to carry out fracturing, so that pressure relief and crushing of a pre-digging roadway area are realized, the difficulty and the workload of roadway tunneling are reduced, and the roadway tunneling speed is increased; and then pre-tunneling is implemented along the trend of the advanced detection drilling hole, the tunneling direction is ensured to be correct, and the rapid tunneling of the tunnel is completed.
Optionally, the method of performing advanced detection drilling construction in step S210 includes:
the underground construction is specifically that advanced detection drilling construction is carried out from the middle part of the section of the pre-digging roadway to the top corner of the pre-digging roadway under the well. Therefore, the underground drilling device has implementation conditions and space, can implement advanced detection drilling under the underground, and provides operation foundation and conditions for the subsequent directional fracturing forming tunnel while realizing advanced detection of the pre-digging tunnel.
Optionally, the advanced detection drilling construction method is performed in step S210, including:
the first ground construction is specifically that advanced detection drilling construction is carried out from the ground to the top angle of the pre-digging roadway after the preset depth is drilled by the same drilling channel from the ground to the underground. Therefore, the underground drilling device does not have implementation conditions and space, can implement advanced detection drilling on the ground, performs advanced detection drilling construction on the vertex angle of the pre-digging roadway in the rear direction of the same drilling preset depth, can save advanced detection drilling construction resources, can realize advanced detection on the pre-digging roadway, and provides operation foundation and conditions for the follow-up directional fracturing forming roadway.
Optionally, the method of performing advanced detection drilling construction in step S210 includes:
and the second ground construction is specifically that advanced detection drilling construction is carried out from the ground to underground along different drilling channels to the top angle of the pre-digging roadway. Therefore, the underground drilling device does not have implementation conditions and space, can implement advanced detection drilling on the ground, performs advanced detection drilling construction along different drilling channels to the top corners of the pre-digging roadway, can reduce the interaction of operations among the advanced detection drilling construction on the different top corners of the pre-digging roadway, saves operation time, and can provide operation foundation and conditions for the subsequent directional fracturing forming roadway while realizing advanced detection on the pre-digging roadway.
Optionally, the method of performing advanced detection drilling construction in step S210 further includes:
and carrying out advanced detection drilling construction by combining the underground construction and the ground construction, wherein the ground construction comprises the first ground construction or the second ground construction. Thus, by utilizing the advanced detection drilling technology, the method has the implementation conditions and space in the underground, and can implement advanced detection drilling in the underground; the underground drilling device does not have implementation conditions, and an advanced detection drilling hole can be drilled on the ground. The method has the advantages of flexible selection and low space and equipment requirements.
Optionally, the top angle of the pre-excavated roadway includes: a pair of opposite vertex angles of the pre-excavated roadway, or four vertex angles of the pre-excavated roadway.
Optionally, in step S220, the following steps are included:
and carrying out directional sectional fracturing along the boundary of the pre-digging roadway by utilizing the advanced detection drilling holes positioned at the top corners of the pre-digging roadway. Specifically, each advanced detection drilling hole carries out directional segmented fracturing in two directions forming an included angle of 90 degrees. Therefore, by utilizing the advanced detection drilling, after the detection function is realized, the directional fracturing operation can be further implemented, the rock mass strength and the integrity of the pre-digging roadway area are changed, the roadway tunneling and the roadway forming are facilitated, and the roadway tunneling workload and the roadway tunneling difficulty are reduced.
Optionally, after the directional segment fracturing step along the pre-excavated roadway boundary, the method further comprises the steps of:
carrying out supplementary fracturing drilling on the middle part of the pre-digging roadway, constructing, and determining the number of the supplementary fracturing drilling holes according to the hardness of coal and rock mass; and carrying out non-directional segmented fracturing by using the supplementary fracturing drilling holes. Therefore, under the condition that the coal rock mass in the pre-digging roadway area is harder, after the directional fracturing of the advanced detection drilling holes of the top corners, the supplementary fracturing is implemented in the middle of the pre-digging roadway, the surrounding rock of the roadway can be effectively protected from middle fracturing damage by the pre-fracturing of the top corners, and the crushing and softening of the pre-digging roadway area can be effectively realized, and the surrounding rock area is stable and complete.
It should be noted that, the additional fracturing drillings may be non-directional drillings or directional long drillings.
Optionally, after the step of non-directional staged fracturing with the supplemental fracturing bore, further comprising the steps of:
and (3) performing water injection operation on the segmented pre-detection drilling hole or performing water injection operation on the segmented supplementary fracturing drilling hole. Therefore, the amount of dust generated by coal and rock during tunneling can be reduced through fracturing water injection, the tunneling and dust-settling effects are achieved, and the health of workers is effectively protected.
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic flow chart is implemented in the coal mine roadway rapid tunneling method, which includes the following steps:
s302, drilling a set long drilling hole along the two apex angles of the section of the roadway and performing advanced detection in the pre-tunneling direction.
In this step, referring to the front and side views of a pair of diagonal angle advance detection directional long boreholes of the pre-excavated roadway shown in fig. 4a and 4b, respectively, including the advance detection directional long borehole 140, first, the set directional long borehole is drilled at two diagonal angle positions of the pre-excavated roadway section, and the single borehole length is typically 500-3000m, and is designed according to the expected tunneling length. The two directional long drilling holes are used as advanced detection drilling holes for tunneling of the roadway, the direction of the tunneling process is continuously finely adjusted, the tunneling process is kept consistent with the trend or the expected direction of the coal seam, the roadway is guaranteed to be beaten in the coal seam or to tunnel along the expected direction, specifically, the trend and the construction condition of the coal seam are detected through means of drilling cuttings, drilling difficulty, drilling peeping, in-hole geophysical prospecting and the like, and an optimal tunneling route is selected.
Illustratively, there are 3 construction modes for advanced detection of directional long boreholes:
(a) Downhole construction
Referring to the front and side views of the downhole advanced detection directional long borehole shown in fig. 5a and 5b, respectively, two advanced detection directional long boreholes may be constructed directly at a pair of opposing corners of a downhole pre-excavated roadway when the downhole roadway has been opened, or when drilling chamber conditions are present.
(b) First ground construction
Referring to the front and side views of the first ground advanced detection directional long borehole shown in fig. 6a and 6b, respectively, the first ground construction is to perform two advanced detection long borehole constructions from the ground to the opposite vertex angles of the back pre-excavated roadway at the same drilling depth downhole.
(c) Second ground construction
Referring to the front and side views of the second ground advanced detection directional long borehole shown in fig. 7a and 7b, respectively, the second ground construction is two advanced detection long borehole constructions from the ground downhole along a different borehole to a pair of opposite corners of the pre-excavated roadway.
If the underground has no construction space or time condition, a drilling site can be arranged on the ground, and the advanced detection and directional long drilling construction is carried out from the ground to the underground pre-digging roadway position in a well-to-ground joint through well mode.
S304, performing directional fracturing along the section boundary of the roadway by utilizing the advanced detection directional long drilling.
In the step, referring to the front view and the side view of the pre-digging roadway vertex angle advanced detection directional long drilling fracturing shown in fig. 8a and 8b respectively, after the advanced detection directional long drilling construction along the tunneling direction at two vertex angles of the roadway section is completed, the directional fracturing is carried out along the edge of the pre-digging roadway section respectively in a sectional directional fracturing mode. Each advanced detection directional long drilling hole carries out directional segmented fracturing in two directions forming an included angle of 90 degrees. Referring to the front view of the directional long drilling holes with the advanced detection of the four top angles of the pre-digging roadway shown in fig. 9, if the hardness of the coal rock mass is large, when the expansion of the fracturing gap is difficult, the directional long drilling holes with the advanced detection and the directional segmented fracturing of the two directions can be constructed on the four top angles of the roadway. The advanced detection directional long drilling staged directional fracturing is implemented, so that the forming of the roadway can be promoted in advance, the stress distribution of surrounding rock of a coal rock mass of the pre-excavated roadway is changed, and the roadway excavation is facilitated.
S306, performing staged fracturing long drilling (multiple holes can be formed) on the middle part of the section of the roadway in a supplementing mode according to the lithology condition of the coal.
In this step, referring to the front view and the side view of the middle part of the pre-excavated roadway complementary directional long drilling fracturing shown in fig. 10a and fig. 10b respectively, the front view and the side view of the pre-excavated roadway complementary directional long drilling fracturing comprise complementary directional long drilling 150, wherein the complementary directional long drilling is the complementary fracturing drilling, and roadway excavation can be started along the trend of the advanced detection directional long drilling after the staged directional fracturing of the advanced detection directional long drilling is completed. However, under the condition of higher hardness of the coal rock mass, one or more directional long drilling holes are additionally arranged in the middle of the pre-digging roadway, and then non-directional segmented fracturing is carried out on the directional long drilling holes which are additionally arranged, so that the integrity of the coal rock mass of the pre-digging roadway is further damaged. In addition, since directional fracturing is performed along the periphery of the pre-excavated roadway in the last step, the non-directional fracturing of the long drill holes in the middle part of the section of the roadway can not damage the stability of surrounding rocks of the pre-excavated roadway, and the fracturing damage range can be well controlled in the pre-excavated roadway area.
S308, tunneling is carried out along the advancing detection directional long drilling trend.
In this step, the roadway excavation is performed along the advance detection directional long drilling trend, and the roadway excavation is completed, and since the advance detection and fracturing and breaking are performed in the pre-excavated roadway area, the roadway excavation speed is faster and safer, and the roadway excavation is completed, see the front view and the side view of the roadway excavation shown in fig. 11a and 11b, including the roadway 160, and the roadway is obtained after the pre-excavated roadway excavation is completed.
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be assessed accordingly to that of the appended claims.
Finally, it is also noted that, in this document, the term "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples: any person skilled in the art may modify or easily conceive of the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent substitution of some of the technical features, while remaining within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The rapid tunneling method for the coal mine tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
performing advanced detection drilling construction in a pre-tunneling direction;
performing fracturing using the advanced detection borehole;
and carrying out pre-digging roadway tunneling along the trend of the advanced detection drilling hole.
2. The rapid tunneling method of coal mine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the advanced detection drilling hole is a directional long drilling hole, and the length of the advanced detection drilling hole ranges from 500m to 3000m.
3. The rapid tunneling method for coal mine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the advanced detection drilling construction is performed in the pre-tunneling direction, comprising:
and performing underground construction, namely performing advanced detection drilling construction from the middle part of the section of the pre-digging roadway to the top corner of the pre-digging roadway.
4. The rapid tunneling method for coal mine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the advanced detection drilling construction is performed in the pre-tunneling direction, comprising:
and the first ground construction is that the advanced detection drilling construction is carried out on the top angle of the pre-digging roadway after the first ground construction drills a preset depth with the same drilling channel from the ground to the underground.
5. The rapid tunneling method for coal mine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the advanced detection drilling construction is performed in the pre-tunneling direction, comprising:
and the second ground construction is that the advanced detection drilling construction is carried out from the ground to the underground along different drilling channels to the top angle of the pre-digging roadway.
6. A method of rapid tunneling in a coal mine roadway according to any one of claims 3 to 5 wherein said fracturing is carried out using said advanced detection borehole, comprising the steps of:
and carrying out directional sectional fracturing along the boundary of the pre-digging roadway by utilizing the advanced detection drilling holes positioned at the top angles.
7. The rapid tunneling method of coal mine roadway of claim 6, wherein after the step of directional staged fracturing along pre-excavated roadway boundaries, the method further comprises the steps of:
performing supplementary fracturing drilling construction in the middle of the pre-digging roadway, wherein the number of the supplementary fracturing drilling holes is determined according to the hardness of coal rock mass;
and carrying out non-directional segmented fracturing by utilizing the supplementary fracturing drilling holes.
8. The rapid tunneling method according to claim 7, further comprising the following steps after the step of performing non-directional staged fracturing with the supplemental fracturing drillings:
and carrying out water injection operation on the advanced detection drilling hole after staged fracturing and/or the supplementary fracturing drilling hole after staged fracturing.
9. The rapid tunneling method according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein the top corner of the pre-excavated roadway comprises: and (2) a pair of opposite vertex angles of the pre-digging roadway and/or four vertex angles of the pre-digging roadway.
10. The rapid tunneling method for coal mine tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the advanced detection drilling construction is performed in the pre-tunneling direction, comprising:
carrying out advanced detection drilling construction by combining underground construction and ground construction, wherein the ground construction comprises first ground construction and/or second ground construction;
the underground construction is that the advanced detection drilling construction is carried out from the middle part of the section of the pre-digging roadway to the top angle of the pre-digging roadway under the well; the first ground construction is that the advanced detection drilling construction is carried out on the top angle of the pre-digging roadway after the first ground construction drills a preset depth from the ground to the underground by the same drilling channel; and the second ground construction is to carry out the advanced detection drilling construction from the ground to the top angle of the pre-digging roadway along different drilling channels.
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