CN116479295A - Extrusion casting aluminum alloy material and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Extrusion casting aluminum alloy material and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/08—Controlling, supervising, e.g. for safety reasons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, and discloses an extrusion casting aluminum alloy material and a preparation process thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy with few defects and high performance is prepared through a process flow of casting and heat treatment of preparing molten metal-molten metal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to an extrusion casting aluminum alloy material and a preparation process thereof.
Background
At present, with the rapid development of industrialization, the problem of energy shortage is more serious due to the increasingly reduced natural resources, and the reduction of energy consumption is the subject of research by countless expert students at night, in order to realize the aim of turning from heavy industry to light weight, light weight alloy is used for replacing heavy steel, aluminum alloy gradually enters the eyeballs of people, at present, the light weight aluminum alloy has been widely applied to the fields of transportation, mechanical manufacturing and the like, the density of the aluminum alloy is low, the aluminum alloy has corrosion resistance due to a layer of oxide film of the aluminum alloy, meanwhile, the aluminum alloy has excellent strength and rigidity, has excellent impact resistance, is a face-centered cubic crystal, has excellent plasticity, has the characteristic of easy processing in manufacturing industry, meanwhile, aluminum is used as metal, is stable in property and is not easy to degrade, can be recycled, realizes the aim of recycling economy, and particularly in the automobile field, the aluminum alloy is widely applied to parts such as hubs, pistons, boxes and the like, replaces the original steel materials, and realizes the aim of weight reduction so as to reduce the energy consumption.
With the increasing use ratio of aluminum alloy, the process for preparing aluminum alloy is also layered endlessly, the pressure casting is a casting method which fills liquid or semi-liquid metal into a die cavity of a die mold under the action of high speed and high pressure, and enables the liquid metal to be quickly solidified into castings under certain pressure.
Based on the above, the invention provides the extrusion casting aluminum alloy material with simple operation, few defects and high performance and the preparation process thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an extrusion casting aluminum alloy material and a preparation process thereof, and the extrusion casting method is used for replacing the traditional casting process, so that the following technical problems are solved: (1) The traditional process has the problems of complex procedure, time consumption and labor consumption. (2) The common casting process has the problems that air holes are easy to generate in the casting process or oxide inclusions exist to influence the quality of castings. (3) the problem of weak aluminum alloy performance in the traditional working procedure.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
an extrusion casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.10-0.15% of Fe, 8.0-12.0% of S i, 0.1-0.5% of Mg, 0.4-0.6% of Mn, 50-100 ppm of Sr, 1.0-3.0% of Zn, 0.05-0.35% of Nd, the total amount of other impurities being less than or equal to 0.25%, and the balance being Al;
the preparation process of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
(a) Preparing molten metal: cleaning and removing impurities from a metal raw material, drying, adding the metal raw material into a resistance furnace for smelting, controlling the temperature to be between 700 and 750 ℃, slowly introducing argon after furnace burden is completely melted, stirring for 5 to 10min, standing for 8 to 15min, removing slag, adding a refining agent to mix and react for 10 to 15min with the raw material, then heating to 700 to 850 ℃, standing for 5 to 10min, and removing slag;
(b) Casting by casting molten metal: pouring the molten metal prepared in the step (a) into a mold cavity, and performing extrusion casting until the molten metal is completely solidified to obtain a die casting;
(c) And (3) heat treatment: setting the temperature rising speed in a heat treatment furnace to be 1-3 ℃/min, transferring the die casting obtained in the step (b) into the furnace, carrying out solution treatment, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 500-550 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-18h, carrying out water quenching for 10-30s, transferring the die casting into a resistance furnace with the temperature of 150-180 ℃ after the water quenching is finished, carrying out aging treatment, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Further, in the step (a), the argon flow rate is 7.8-8.5L/min; the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the addition amount is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the molten metal.
Further, in the step (b), the casting temperature is 700-800 ℃.
Further, in the step (b), the molten metal pouring adopts a special anti-gravity pouring system, and the specific operation steps are as follows: placing molten metal in a crucible, connecting the molten metal with a mold cavity through a liquid lifting pipe, wherein a valve A is arranged between the top of the liquid lifting pipe and the bottom of the mold cavity, a valve B is arranged at the top of a box body, the valve A, B is opened at the initial stage of pouring, recording the rising height of the liquid level of the molten metal at the moment, closing the valve A, opening an air extractor to connect the valve B, opening the valve A when the pressure in the mold cavity is P, reducing the opening of the valve B, controlling the slow injection of the molten metal, collecting the rising height X of the liquid level of the molten metal every 2min, stopping collecting the molten metal after the mold cavity is full of the molten metal, comparing the collected rising height X of the liquid level of the molten metal with a preset value Y, and reducing the opening of the valve A when X is more than Y; when x=y, no treatment is performed; when X < Y, increasing the opening of the valve A; and (3) after the die cavity is filled with the molten metal, extruding and casting the molten metal by using a hydraulic press, wherein the initial extrusion speed is 0.015-0.020m/s, the pressure is 30-40MPa, the pressure is maintained for 15-20s, the extrusion speed is increased, the pressure is 65-75MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 16-18s, and the die casting is obtained after the molten metal is completely solidified.
Through the technical scheme, the liquid lift pipe is connected with the mold cavity, after the pressure difference between the mold cavity and the liquid lift pipe is within a certain range, molten metal in the crucible starts to rise against gravity, the molten metal enters the mold cavity, the pressure in the mold cavity is controlled to be in a stable state through the control valve B, meanwhile, the rising height of the liquid level of the molten metal is compared with a preset value, the injection speed of the molten metal in the mold cavity is controlled to be in a gentle state, thereby reducing the generation of air holes, waiting until the molten metal fills the mold cavity, performing extrusion casting by using the hydraulic press, and controlling the die casting speed of the hydraulic press to obtain the aluminum alloy die casting with compact texture.
Further, the preheating temperature of the die cavity is 230-240 ℃.
Further, the extrusion speed is increased to 0.3-0.5m/s.
Further, in the step (c), the die casting is transferred when the water quenching temperature is reduced to 20-30 ℃.
Further, in the step (c), the aging treatment time is 5-8 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy is increased by an extrusion casting method, and the precision of the manufactured die casting is high, so that the produced aluminum alloy does not need to be subjected to metal cutting any more, can be assembled and used by only needing a small amount of machining, has extremely high material utilization rate, can effectively avoid waste of raw materials, has high cavity filling speed of molten metal in the production process, has short time and simple operation, can improve the production efficiency, and can save the cost of manpower and time.
(2) According to the invention, a special antigravity type pouring system is adopted, the metal liquid is introduced into the mold cavity by utilizing the pressure difference between the mold cavity and the liquid lifting pipe, so that the problems of local overheating, shrinkage cavity of a casting part and oxidation of the surface of the metal liquid caused by the impact of the metal liquid on the bottom of the mold cavity in a traditional liquid injection mode can be effectively avoided, meanwhile, the rising height of the liquid level of the metal liquid is used as a parameter, compared with a preset value, the opening and closing degree of a valve is further adjusted in time, the speed of the metal liquid filling cavity is ensured to be at a stable level, the controllability in the process is improved, the adjustment is conveniently made when errors are found, the generation of air holes and metal oxides is reduced, and the compactness and mechanical property of the casting are further improved. The defects of the castings are reduced, and the success rate of the castings is improved.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product to practice the invention to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the antigravity casting system of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. an air extracting device; 2. a valve B; 3. a mold cavity; 4. a valve A; 5. a lift tube; 6. and a crucible.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
An extrusion casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.10 percent of Fe, 8.0 percent of S i, 0.1 percent of Mg, 0.4 percent of Mn, 50ppm of Sr, 1.0 percent of Zn, 0.05 percent of Nd, the total amount of other impurities being less than or equal to 0.25 percent and the balance being A l, the preparation process of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(a) Preparing molten metal: cleaning and impurity-removing metal raw materials, drying, adding into a resistance furnace for smelting, controlling the temperature at 700 ℃, slowly introducing argon after furnace burden is completely melted, stirring for 5min, standing for 8 min, deslagging, mixing hexachloroethane accounting for 0.1% of the weight of the metal liquid with the raw materials for reaction for 10min, then heating to 750 ℃, standing for 5min, and removing slag.
(b) Casting by casting molten metal: as shown in fig. 1, the molten metal prepared in (a) is placed in a crucible 6, and is connected with a mold cavity 3 through a liquid lifting pipe 5, a valve A4 is arranged between the top of the liquid lifting pipe 5 and the bottom of the mold cavity 3, a valve B2 is arranged at the top of a box body, the valves A4 and B2 are both opened at the initial stage of casting, the rising height of the molten metal liquid level at the moment is recorded, the valve A4 is closed, an air extractor 1 is opened to connect the valve B2, when the pressure in the mold cavity 3 is P, the valve A4 is opened, the opening of the valve B2 is reduced, the slow injection of the molten metal is controlled, the rising height X of the molten metal liquid level is acquired every 2m < n >, the acquisition is stopped after the molten metal is filled in the mold cavity 3, the acquired rising height X of the molten metal liquid level is compared with a preset value Y, and when X > Y, the opening of the valve A4 is reduced; when x=y, no treatment is performed; when X is less than Y, the opening of the valve A4 is increased, after the metal liquid is filled in the die cavity 3, the metal liquid is extruded and cast by using a hydraulic press, the initial extrusion speed is 0.015m/s, the pressure is 30MPa, the pressure is maintained for 15s, the extrusion speed is increased to 0.3m/s, the pressure is 65MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 16s, and the die casting is obtained after the metal liquid is solidified completely.
(c) And (3) heat treatment: setting the heating rate in a heat treatment furnace to be 1 ℃/min, transferring the die casting obtained in the step (b) into the furnace, carrying out solution treatment, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 500 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, carrying out water quenching, transferring the die casting into a resistance furnace with the temperature of 150 ℃ after the water quenching is finished for 10s, and cooling to room temperature after artificial aging treatment is carried out for 5h, thus obtaining the aluminum alloy material.
Example 2
An extrusion casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.13% of Fe, 10.0% of S i, 0.3% of Mg, 0.5% of Mn, 70ppm of Sr, 2.0% of Zn, 0.15% of Nd, the total amount of the rest impurities being less than or equal to 0.25% and the balance being A l, the preparation process of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(a) Preparing molten metal: cleaning and impurity-removing metal raw materials, drying, adding the metal raw materials into a resistance furnace for smelting, controlling the temperature at 730 ℃, slowly introducing argon after furnace burden is completely melted, stirring for 8 min, standing for 12 min, deslagging, mixing and reacting hexachloroethane accounting for 0.15% of the weight of the metal liquid with the raw materials for 13 min, then heating to 760 ℃, standing for 5min, and removing slag.
(b) Casting by casting molten metal: as shown in fig. 1, the molten metal prepared in (a) is placed in a crucible 6, and is connected with a mold cavity 3 through a liquid lifting pipe 5, a valve A4 is arranged between the top of the liquid lifting pipe 5 and the bottom of the mold cavity 3, a valve B2 is arranged at the top of a box body, the valves A4 and B2 are both opened at the initial stage of casting, the rising height of the molten metal liquid level at the moment is recorded, the valve A4 is closed, an air extractor 1 is opened to connect the valve B2, when the pressure in the mold cavity 3 is P, the valve A4 is opened, the opening of the valve B2 is reduced, the slow injection of the molten metal is controlled, the rising height X of the molten metal liquid level is acquired every 2m < n >, the acquisition is stopped after the molten metal is filled in the mold cavity 3, the acquired rising height X of the molten metal liquid level is compared with a preset value Y, and when X > Y, the opening of the valve A4 is reduced; when x=y, no treatment is performed; when X is less than Y, the opening of the valve A4 is increased, after the metal liquid is filled in the die cavity 3, the metal liquid is extruded and cast by using a hydraulic press, the initial extrusion speed is 0.018m/s, the pressure is 35MPa, the pressure is maintained for 18s, the extrusion speed is increased to 0.4m/s, the pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 17s, and the die casting is obtained after the metal liquid is completely solidified.
(c) And (3) heat treatment: setting the heating rate in a heat treatment furnace to be 2 ℃/min, transferring the die casting obtained in the step (b) into the furnace, carrying out solution treatment, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 520 ℃, preserving heat for 15h, carrying out water quenching, transferring the die casting into a resistance furnace with the temperature of 160 ℃ after the water quenching is finished for 20s, and cooling to room temperature after artificial aging treatment for 6h to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Example 3
An extrusion casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.15 percent of Fe, 12.0 percent of S i, 0.5 percent of Mg, 0.6 percent of Mn, 100ppm of Sr, 3.0 percent of Zn, 0.35 percent of Nd, the total amount of the rest impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is A l, the preparation process of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(a) Preparing molten metal: cleaning and impurity-removing metal raw materials, drying, adding into a resistance furnace for smelting, controlling the temperature at 750 ℃, slowly introducing argon after furnace burden is completely melted, stirring for 10min, standing for 15min, deslagging, mixing hexachloroethane accounting for 0.2% of the weight of the metal liquid with the raw materials for reaction for 15min, then heating to 800 ℃, standing for 10min, and removing slag.
(b) Casting by casting molten metal: as shown in fig. 1, the molten metal prepared in (a) is placed in a crucible 6, and is connected with a mold cavity 3 through a liquid lifting pipe 5, a valve A4 is arranged between the top of the liquid lifting pipe 5 and the bottom of the mold cavity 3, a valve B2 is arranged at the top of a box body, the valves A4 and B2 are both opened at the initial stage of casting, the rising height of the molten metal liquid level at the moment is recorded, the valve A4 is closed, an air extractor 1 is opened to connect the valve B2, when the pressure in the mold cavity 3 is P, the valve A4 is opened, the opening of the valve B2 is reduced, the slow injection of the molten metal is controlled, the rising height X of the molten metal liquid level is acquired every 2m < n >, the acquisition is stopped after the molten metal is filled in the mold cavity 3, the acquired rising height X of the molten metal liquid level is compared with a preset value Y, and when X > Y, the opening of the valve A4 is reduced; when x=y, no treatment is performed; when X is less than Y, the opening of the valve A4 is increased, after the metal liquid is filled in the die cavity 3, the metal liquid is extruded and cast by using a hydraulic press, the initial extrusion speed is 0.02m/s, the pressure is 40MPa, the pressure is maintained for 20s, and the extrusion speed is increased to 0.5m/s. The pressure is 75MPa, the dwell time is 18s, and the die casting is obtained after the molten metal is completely solidified.
(c) And (3) heat treatment: setting the heating rate in a heat treatment furnace to be 3 ℃/min, transferring the die casting obtained in the step (b) into the furnace, carrying out solution treatment, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 550 ℃, preserving heat for 18h, carrying out water quenching, transferring the die casting into a resistance furnace with the temperature of 180 ℃ after the water quenching is finished for 30s, and cooling to room temperature after artificial aging treatment for 8h to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Comparative example 1
An extrusion casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.10 percent of Fe, 8.0 percent of S i, 0.1 percent of Mg, 0.4 percent of Mn, 50ppm of Sr, 1.0 percent of Zn, 0.05 percent of Nd, the total amount of other impurities being less than or equal to 0.25 percent and the balance being A l, the preparation process of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(a) Preparing molten metal: cleaning and impurity-removing metal raw materials, drying, adding into a resistance furnace for smelting, controlling the temperature at 700 ℃, slowly introducing argon after furnace burden is completely melted, stirring for 5min, standing for 8 min, deslagging, mixing hexachloroethane accounting for 0.1% of the weight of the metal liquid with the raw materials for reaction for 10min, then heating to 750 ℃, standing for 5min, and removing slag.
(b) Casting by casting molten metal: and (c) placing the molten metal in the step (a) into a crucible, directly injecting the molten metal into a mold cavity from top to bottom, after the mold cavity is filled, performing extrusion casting on the molten metal by using a hydraulic press, wherein the initial extrusion speed is 0.015m/s, the pressure is 30MPa, the pressure is maintained for 15s, and then increasing the extrusion speed to 0.3m/s, the pressure is 65MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 16s, and after the molten metal is completely solidified, obtaining the die casting.
(c) And (3) heat treatment: setting the heating rate in a heat treatment furnace to be 1 ℃/min, transferring the die casting obtained in the step (b) into the furnace, carrying out solution treatment, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 500 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, carrying out water quenching, transferring the die casting into a resistance furnace with the temperature of 150 ℃ after the water quenching is finished for 10s, and cooling to room temperature after artificial aging treatment is carried out for 5h, thus obtaining the aluminum alloy material.
Performance detection
The aluminum alloy materials prepared in the invention examples 1-3 and the comparative example 1 were cut into block-shaped test pieces with the size of 20×10mm, and the test pieces were tested for tensile strength, yield strength and elongation using an E45.105 electronic universal tester, and the test results are shown in the following table:
| yield strength/MPa | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation/% | |
| Example 1 | 414 | 423 | 12.6 |
| Example 2 | 421 | 432 | 13.1 |
| Example 3 | 419 | 425 | 12.7 |
| Comparative example 1 | 375 | 389 | 8.5 |
As can be seen from the data in the table, the aluminum alloy materials prepared in examples 1-3 are at a higher level in terms of yield strength, tensile properties and the like, while the aluminum alloy material prepared in comparative example 1 is obviously reduced in terms of yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, and the fact proves that the aluminum alloy prepared by the method has more excellent mechanical properties, fewer defects in quality and wide application prospect.
The foregoing is merely illustrative and explanatory of the principles of the invention, as various modifications and additions may be made to the specific embodiments described, or similar thereto, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The extrusion casting aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.10 to 0.15 percent of Fe, 8.0 to 12.0 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Mn, 50 to 100ppm of Sr, 1.0 to 3.0 percent of Zn, 0.05 to 0.35 percent of Nd, the total amount of other impurities being less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance being Al;
the preparation process of the extrusion casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
(a) Preparing molten metal: cleaning and removing impurities from a metal raw material, drying, adding the metal raw material into a resistance furnace for smelting, controlling the temperature to be between 700 and 750 ℃, slowly introducing argon after the furnace burden is completely melted, stirring for 5 to 10min, standing for 8 to 15min, removing slag, adding a refining agent to mix with the raw material for reaction for 10 to 15min, heating to 700 to 850 ℃, standing for 5 to 10min, and removing slag;
(b) Casting by casting molten metal: pouring the molten metal prepared in the step (a) into a mold cavity, and performing extrusion casting until the molten metal is completely solidified to obtain a die casting;
(c) And (3) heat treatment: setting the temperature rising speed in a heat treatment furnace to be 1-3 ℃/min, transferring the die casting obtained in the step (b) into the furnace, carrying out solution treatment, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 500-550 ℃, preserving the heat for 10-18h, carrying out water quenching for 10-30s, transferring the die casting into a resistance furnace with the temperature of 150-180 ℃ after the water quenching is finished, carrying out aging treatment, and cooling to the room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
2. The extrusion cast aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (a), the argon flow rate is 7.8 to 8.5L/min; the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the addition amount is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the molten metal.
3. An extrusion cast aluminium alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in step (b) the casting temperature is 700-800 ℃.
4. The extrusion cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (b), a special antigravity pouring system is adopted for pouring molten metal, and the specific operation steps are as follows: placing molten metal in a crucible, connecting the molten metal with a mold cavity through a liquid lifting pipe, wherein a valve A is arranged between the top of the liquid lifting pipe and the bottom of the mold cavity, a valve B is arranged at the top of a box body, the valve A, B is opened at the initial stage of pouring, recording the rising height of the liquid level of the molten metal at the moment, closing the valve A, opening an air extractor to connect the valve B, opening the valve A when the pressure in the mold cavity is P, reducing the opening of the valve B, controlling the slow injection of the molten metal, collecting the rising height X of the liquid level of the molten metal every 2min, stopping collecting the molten metal after the mold cavity is full of the molten metal, comparing the collected rising height X of the liquid level of the molten metal with a preset value Y, and reducing the opening of the valve A when X is more than Y; when x=y, no treatment is performed; when X < Y, increasing the opening of the valve A; and (3) after the die cavity is filled with the molten metal, extruding and casting the molten metal by using a hydraulic press, wherein the initial extrusion speed is 0.015-0.020m/s, the pressure is 30-40MPa, the pressure is maintained for 15-20s, the extrusion speed is increased, the pressure is 65-75MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 16-18s, and the die casting is obtained after the molten metal is completely solidified.
5. An extrusion cast aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preheating temperature of the die cavity is 230-240 ℃.
6. An extrusion cast aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 4, wherein said increasing extrusion speed is to 0.3-0.5m/s.
7. An extrusion cast aluminium alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in step (c) the die cast is transferred when the water quenching temperature is reduced to 20-30 ℃.
8. An extrusion cast aluminium alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in step (c) the ageing treatment time is in the range 5 to 8 hours.
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| DE10339705A1 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-04-15 | Nippon Light Metal Co. Ltd. | Aluminum alloy casting, e.g. spiral scroll of compressor of air-conditioner, is obtained by casting aluminum alloy containing silicon, copper, magnesium, iron, manganese and aluminum, to which silver is added |
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| CN110195175A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-09-03 | 广西平果铝合金精密铸件有限公司 | A kind of corrosion-resistant pack alloy of automobile and preparation method thereof |
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| DE10339705A1 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-04-15 | Nippon Light Metal Co. Ltd. | Aluminum alloy casting, e.g. spiral scroll of compressor of air-conditioner, is obtained by casting aluminum alloy containing silicon, copper, magnesium, iron, manganese and aluminum, to which silver is added |
| CN101365817A (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2009-02-11 | 汽车铸造技术公司 | A high crashworthiness al-si-mg alloy and methods for producing automotive casting |
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