CN116475530A - Efficient MIG arc material-adding method and device without co-melting pool - Google Patents

Efficient MIG arc material-adding method and device without co-melting pool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116475530A
CN116475530A CN202310470171.XA CN202310470171A CN116475530A CN 116475530 A CN116475530 A CN 116475530A CN 202310470171 A CN202310470171 A CN 202310470171A CN 116475530 A CN116475530 A CN 116475530A
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Prior art keywords
welding
wire
additive
arc
wires
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CN202310470171.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
范霁康
张建
李涛
杨东青
黄勇
彭勇
王克鸿
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202310470171.XA priority Critical patent/CN116475530A/en
Publication of CN116475530A publication Critical patent/CN116475530A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • B23K9/1735Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode making use of several electrodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of arc material increase, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency MIG arc material increase method and device without a co-melting pool. Three arc ignition is realized by adopting a linear three-wire welding gun for material addition, small-current sequential lap joint or large-current gap lap joint material addition of three-wire deposited metal is realized by adjusting the pose of the welding gun, the three wires can respectively adopt the same or different wire materials, the interweaving material addition of the same or different metal is respectively realized, and the efficiency can be three times of that of a common single wire arc material addition. The device disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, the three-wire material adding process is stable, the arc material adding efficiency can be greatly improved while the excellent material adding forming quality is obtained, and meanwhile, the dissimilar metal interweaving material adding can be realized.

Description

Efficient MIG arc material-adding method and device without co-melting pool
The application is a divisional application, the main application is that the application date is 2021, 12, 29 and the application number is
202111634530.8 application entitled "efficient MIG arc additive method and apparatus without co-melting".
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of arc material increase, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency MIG arc material increase method and device without a co-melting pool.
Background
The arc additive manufacturing is paid more attention to due to the advantages of low manufacturing cost, high material utilization rate and the like, is particularly suitable for high-efficiency and rapid molding of large complex structural members, and has wide application prospects in the fields of national defense and military industry, aerospace, energy power and the like. However, the MIG arc additive manufacturing process currently adopts single-wire arc additive, and for thick-wall structural parts, the additive efficiency is still to be improved compared with the traditional casting, forging and machining processes.
For single wire MIG arc additive manufacturing, the deposition efficiency can only be improved by increasing the diameter of the welding wire and adjusting the welding process parameters. When the diameter of the welding wire is fixed, the maximum allowable current is limited, and the arc shape and the molten drop transition are unstable after the ultrahigh maximum allowable current, so that the splashing is serious, and even the welding gun is burnt when the splashing is serious. If the diameter of the welding wire is increased, the additive current needs to be increased, but at the same time, the heat input to the substrate or the previous additive metal is also increased, so that the melting amount of the substrate or the previous additive metal is excessively large, and the instability of an additive molten pool and the reduction of forming quality are caused.
Meanwhile, researchers have improved the efficiency of material increase through the MIG arc material increase of the double wires, but the interval of the double wires is not adjustable, and the double wires produce the arc to combine into a whole, two wires are fed into the same molten pool, this kind of scheme can improve the efficiency of material increase to a certain extent, but unable to adjust the interval of wire, the technological parameter adjusts inflexibly, and when adopting dissimilar wire, because the molten pool, under the effect of arc pressure and other power, two kinds of wire intensive mixing, unable formation gradient material characteristic between the dissimilar wire, still cause the tissue defect of the material increase sample easily, difficult regulation and control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency MIG arc material-increasing method and device without a co-melting pool.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: an efficient MIG arc additive method without a co-molten pool, which is suitable for 200-350A heavy current additive, comprises the following steps:
step (1): three welding guns are arranged on the mounting plate in a linear manner, the distance D between adjacent welding guns is adjustable, and the included angle between the central connecting line of the three welding guns and the additive welding bead is alpha;
step (2): d and alpha are regulated to enable D/sin alpha to be more than or equal to 4L/3 and less than or equal to 3L/2, alpha is 90 degrees, wherein L is the cladding width of each welding wire during material adding, gaps exist among three cladding metals formed in the previous movement, and the power supplies of the three welding wires alternately output current peaks;
step (3): the deposited metal formed by the second movement of the welding gun fills the gap formed by the first movement;
step (4): repeating the steps (2) and (3) to finish arc material increase.
Further, in the step (3), the welding wire adopted by the second movement of the welding gun is different from the welding wire adopted by the first movement of the welding gun, and the welding wire adopted by each movement of the welding gun is the same in material.
A composite material is prepared by the method.
An efficient MIG arc additive method without a co-molten pool, which is suitable for 60-200A small current additive, comprises the following steps:
step (1): three welding guns are arranged on the mounting plate in a linear manner, the distance D between adjacent welding guns is adjustable, and the included angle between the central connecting line of the three welding guns and the additive welding bead is alpha;
step (2): d and alpha are regulated to ensure that L/2 is less than or equal to D.sin alpha is less than or equal to 3L/4, and 10 degrees is less than alpha is less than 80 degrees, so that three deposited metals formed by one-time movement of the three welding guns do not share a molten pool, and the three deposited metals are sequentially overlapped, wherein the power supplies of the three welding wires alternately output current peaks;
step (3): sequentially overlapping the three deposited metals formed by the second movement of the welding gun with the three deposited metals formed by the first movement;
step (4): repeating the steps (2) and (3) to finish arc material increase.
Further, the materials of the three welding wires in each pass and the materials of the welding wires in the adjacent passes are determined according to the requirements.
Furthermore, the middle welding wire of the three welding wires in each pass is made of austenitic stainless steel, the welding wires at two sides are made of martensitic high-strength steel, and the welding wires in adjacent passes are made of the same material.
A composite material is prepared by the method.
The device used by the method comprises a collaborative material adding power supply, a three-wire material feeding system, a linear three-wire material adding gun, a mechanical movement system, a gas conveying system and a control system;
the cooperative additive power supply comprises three MIG power supplies which can be communicated with each other, pulse phase control of power supply output current is realized through a control system, the three power supplies alternately output current peaks, and the phase angles of the output peak currents differ by 120 degrees;
the three-wire feeding system comprises three wire feeding wheels, three wire feeding motors, three wire feeding interfaces and a set of shell, and simultaneously three welding wires are fed;
the tail end of the mechanical movement system is connected with a fixed mounting plate of the material adding gun to drive the material adding gun to move in space, so that the adjustment of an arc material adding path and an arc gesture is realized;
the gas delivery system is used for providing shielding gas for the linear three-wire additive gun.
Further, the linear three-wire material adding gun comprises a linear guide rail sliding block mechanism, a fixed mounting plate and three welding guns,
three welding guns are arranged on the fixed mounting plate through the linear guide rail sliding block mechanism, and the distance between adjacent welding guns of the three welding guns is adjustable within the range of 10-25 mm through adjusting the linear guide rail sliding block mechanism.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) According to the welding gun, three welding guns controlled by three independent power supplies are arranged, and the distances among the three welding guns are controlled, so that the three wires do not share a molten pool, mutual interference among electric arcs is avoided, and the material-adding molten pool is stable and has good forming quality; different types of wires can be adopted, so that the arc material-increasing efficiency is improved, meanwhile, dissimilar metal interweaving material-increasing can be realized, a gradient composite material is formed, and the mechanical property of a material-increasing sample piece is enhanced; when the high-current arc material-increasing process is adopted, gaps exist among three deposited metal eutectic pools formed by the previous movement of the three-wire welding gun, and overlapping is not realized, and deposited metal formed by the second movement is required to fill the first movement to form the gaps.
(2) The three-wire welding gun is arranged on one set of mechanical system through one mounting plate, the system is simple and convenient to operate, and the defects that the conventional multi-wire material adding system is complex in structure, difficult to operate and the like are overcome.
(3) The phase control of the pulse current output by the three MIG power supplies is realized through the signal cooperative device, so that the mutual interference among three electric arcs is avoided, the transition of molten drops is stable, and the material increase splashing is reduced;
(4) The arc material-increasing efficiency is high and can be up to three times of that of common single-wire MIG arc material-increasing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a linear three wire high efficiency arc additive.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gap overlap arc additive process.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sequential lap arc additive process.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a linear three-wire synergistic efficient arc additive device.
Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of a co-additive power supply current output.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a straight three wire welding gun.
Reference numerals illustrate:
the device comprises a 1-linear three-wire material adding gun, a 2-gas conveying system, a 3-three-wire material feeding system, a 4-mechanical movement system, a 5-collaborative material adding power supply, a 6-control system, a 7-welding gun, an 8-mounting plate, a 9-sliding block and a 10-guide rail.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A linear three-wire synergistic efficient MIG arc material-increasing process method adopts three special linear three-wire welding guns for material-increasing, three welding wires are arranged at equal intervals in a linear manner, the interval is adjustable, three metal can be deposited when the three-wire welding guns move once, and therefore efficient MIG arc material-increasing is achieved, and the efficiency can be three times that of a common single-wire MIG arc material-increasing.
As shown in fig. 1, in the process of material addition, the axis of the wire is perpendicular to the surface of the material addition, and assuming that the deposition width of each welding wire is L when the material addition is performed by adjusting the technological parameters of the material addition, different forms of efficient material addition processes can be realized by adjusting the mutual distance between the three wires to be D and the included angle alpha between the connecting straight line of the three wires and the material addition welding path.
As shown in fig. 2, if D and α are adjusted to be 4L/3.ltoreq.d·sinα.ltoreq.3l/2, three deposited metal eutectic pools formed by previous movements of the three wire welding gun have gaps between each other and do not realize overlap, deposited metal formed by the second movement is required to fill the gap formed by the first movement, so as to realize overlap of deposited metal, and this additive process is called a high-current gap overlap additive process. The arc material increase by adopting the process can reduce excessive accumulation of heat in a local area, improve the heat dissipation condition of the material increase component, be favorable for heat dissipation after material increase, and reduce the integral temperature gradient of the material increase component, thereby reducing component deformation and residual stress. The process is suitable for wires with small heat conductivity and good molten pool fluidity, but wires with large heat conductivity such as aluminum alloy and poor fluidity are not suitable for the method. For example, the single-pass cladding width L is 8mm by adjusting the technological parameters of the material adding, at the moment, the mutual distance D between three wires is 11mm, the included angle alpha is 90 degrees, the conditions that the speed is 4L/3-D.sin alpha is less than or equal to 3L/2 are satisfied, and at the moment, the electric arc material adding can be realized through a non-co-melting pool material adding technology.
As shown in FIG. 3, if D and alpha are adjusted so that L/2 is less than or equal to D.sin alpha is less than or equal to 3L/4, the three deposited metals formed by one movement of the three wire welding gun do not share a molten pool, but the three deposited metals are sequentially overlapped due to the spatial relationship, and the three deposited metals formed by the second movement are sequentially overlapped with the three deposited metals formed by the first movement, the material adding process is called a small current sequential overlapped material adding process. The process is suitable for wires with large heat conductivity and poor molten pool fluidity. For example, the single-pass cladding width L is 10mm by adjusting the technological parameters of the material adding, at the moment, the mutual distance D between three wires is 12mm, the included angle alpha is 45 degrees, the conditions that L/2 is less than or equal to D.sin alpha is less than or equal to 3L/4 are satisfied, and at the moment, the electric arc material adding can be realized through a co-melting pool material adding technology.
When three wires are used for arc material adding, the three wires can adopt the same or different wires to respectively realize interweaving material adding of the same or different metals. For example, when the middle wire adopts an austenitic stainless steel wire and the welding wires at two sides adopt a martensitic high-strength steel wire for co-melting tank material addition, the addition of the austenitic stainless steel can effectively avoid material addition cracks of the high-strength steel and increase the toughness of the material addition structural member. When the common single-wire MIG arc material adding technology is adopted, the welding wire needs to be frequently replaced to realize dissimilar metal interweaving material adding, time and labor are wasted, or two mutually independent single-wire MIG arc material adding devices are adopted to mutually cooperate for material adding, and the devices are complex.
In order to realize the linear three-wire cooperative efficient MIG arc material-adding process, the invention provides a linear three-wire cooperative efficient MIG arc material-adding device which mainly comprises a cooperative material-adding power supply, a three-wire feeding system, a linear three-wire material-adding special gun, a mechanical motion system, a gas conveying system, a control system and the like as shown in fig. 4.
The cooperative additive power supply consists of three MIG power supplies which can be communicated with each other, and pulse phase control of power supply output current is realized through the control system. The three power supplies respectively output pulse currents, and the peak duty ratio of the pulse currents is less than or equal to 1/3. To avoid mutual interference between the three arcs, the three power supplies alternately output current peaks, the phase angles of which differ by 120 °. As shown in fig. 5, when the pulse current peak duty ratio is θ/360 ° (θ+.120 °), if the power supply 1 current peak output phase interval is 0 ° to θ, the power supply 2 current peak output phase interval is 120 ° to θ+120°, and the current 3 current peak output phase interval is 240 ° to θ+240°.
The three-wire feeding system is formed by assembling three wire feeding wheels, a wire feeding motor, a wire feeding interface and a shell body, and can simultaneously feed three welding wires.
As shown in FIG. 6, the three welding guns are arranged on the fixed mounting plate through the linear guide rail sliding block system, and the distance between the three welding guns can be adjusted by adjusting the linear guide rail sliding block to 10-25 mm.
The mechanical movement system can be an industrial robot or a special mechanical structure, the tail end of the mechanical movement system is connected with the mounting plate of the special gun for the material addition, and the special gun for the material addition can be driven to move in space, so that the adjustment of the arc material addition path and the gesture is realized.
The gas conveying system is used for providing protective gas for the linear three-wire material-increasing special gun, and can prevent the material-increasing sample piece from being oxidized during material increasing;
the control system is used for controlling the working flow of the whole device, and in addition, the control system comprises a signal cooperative device which is respectively connected with three MIG power supplies through communication interfaces, so that the phase control of the output currents of the three MIG power supplies can be realized.
Example 1
High-current efficient material-increasing material of 316L stainless steel sample piece
Step (1): slicing the 316L stainless steel sample model to be added in layers by adopting slicing software, planning the movement track of each layer of welding gun, and classifying each layer of path into an odd-numbered path and an even-numbered path;
step (2): the three wires adopt 316L stainless steel welding wires at the same time, the 316L stainless steel material-adding process parameters, the working postures of the welding guns and the intervals among the welding guns are adjusted, so that the welding guns work in a high-current material-adding process mode, arc material adding of odd-numbered paths is firstly completed, and arc material adding of even-numbered paths is performed after the arc material adding is completed;
step (3): starting additive manufacturing equipment, introducing protective gas, setting three wires according to wire feeding speed, and enabling a power supply to realize three wires to alternately strike arcs, and feeding wires to perform Nth layer (initial N=1) data additive;
step (4): and (3) repeating the step (3) until the whole sample is subjected to additive material.
Example 2
Efficient additive of high-strength steel/stainless steel gradient composite material
Step (1): slicing the high-strength steel/stainless steel gradient composite material model to be added in a layering manner by adopting slicing software, and planning the movement track of each layer of welding gun;
step (2): the middle wire adopts a softer 316L austenitic stainless steel welding wire, the wires on two sides adopt 18Ni (350) martensitic stainless steel welding wires, and the additive technological parameters of 316L and 18Ni (350) and the working posture of a welding gun are respectively regulated so as to enable the welding gun to work in a small-current additive technological mode;
step (3): starting additive manufacturing equipment, introducing protective gas, setting three wires according to wire feeding speed, and enabling a power supply to realize three wires to alternately strike arcs, and feeding wires to perform Nth layer (initial N=1) data additive;
step (4): and (3) repeating the step (3) until the whole sample is subjected to additive material.

Claims (6)

1. The efficient MIG arc additive method without a co-melting pool is characterized by being suitable for 60-200A small current additive and comprising the following steps of:
step (1): three welding guns are arranged on the mounting plate in a linear manner, the distance D between adjacent welding guns is adjustable, and the included angle between the central connecting line of the three welding guns and the additive welding bead is alpha;
step (2): d and alpha are regulated to ensure that L/2 is less than or equal to D.sin alpha is less than or equal to 3L/4, and 10 degrees is less than alpha is less than 80 degrees, so that three deposited metals formed by one-time movement of the three welding guns do not share a molten pool, and the three deposited metals are sequentially overlapped, wherein the power supplies of the three welding wires alternately output current peaks;
step (3): sequentially overlapping the three deposited metals formed by the second movement of the welding gun with the three deposited metals formed by the first movement;
step (4): repeating the steps (2) and (3) to finish arc material increase.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the material of the three welding wires in each pass and the material of the welding wires in adjacent passes are determined according to requirements.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the material of the middle welding wire of the three welding wires in each pass is austenitic stainless steel, the welding wires on two sides are martensitic high-strength steel, and the materials of the welding wires in adjacent passes are the same.
4. A composite material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-3.
5. A device for use in the method of any one of claims 1-3, comprising a co-additive power supply, a three wire feed system, a linear three wire additive gun, a mechanical motion system, a gas delivery system, and a control system;
the cooperative additive power supply comprises three MIG power supplies which can be communicated with each other, pulse phase control of power supply output current is realized through a control system, the three power supplies alternately output current peaks, and the phase angles of the output peak currents differ by 120 degrees;
the three-wire feeding system comprises three wire feeding wheels, three wire feeding motors, three wire feeding interfaces and a set of shell, and simultaneously three welding wires are fed;
the tail end of the mechanical movement system is connected with a fixed mounting plate of the material adding gun to drive the material adding gun to move in space, so that the adjustment of an arc material adding path and an arc gesture is realized;
the gas delivery system is used for providing shielding gas for the linear three-wire additive gun.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the linear three wire additive gun comprises a linear guide rail slide block mechanism, a fixed mounting plate, and three welding guns,
three welding guns are arranged on the fixed mounting plate through the linear guide rail sliding block mechanism, and the distance between adjacent welding guns of the three welding guns is adjustable within the range of 10-25 mm through adjusting the linear guide rail sliding block mechanism.
CN202310470171.XA 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Efficient MIG arc material-adding method and device without co-melting pool Pending CN116475530A (en)

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