CN116473177A - Fermented feed suitable for shrimp and crab polyculture and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Fermented feed suitable for shrimp and crab polyculture and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN116473177A
CN116473177A CN202310547208.4A CN202310547208A CN116473177A CN 116473177 A CN116473177 A CN 116473177A CN 202310547208 A CN202310547208 A CN 202310547208A CN 116473177 A CN116473177 A CN 116473177A
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parts
fermentation
feed
fermented feed
meal
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杨智景
冯亚明
张双林
顾海龙
徐晔
顾郑琰
徐文涛
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Taizhou Agricultural Science Institute Jiangsu Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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Taizhou Agricultural Science Institute Jiangsu Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological feeds, and particularly relates to a fermented feed suitable for mixed culture of shrimps and crabs, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation raw materials of the fermented feed provided by the invention comprise fermentation base materials and fermentation bacteria; the fermentation base material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 12-14 parts of flour, 3-4 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-4 parts of sesame meal, 33-35 parts of bean pulp and 6-8 parts of peanut meal; the fermentation cylinder includes: yeast, bacillus, actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria. The fermented feed provided by the invention reduces the consumption of bean pulp and fish meal, reduces the cost, ensures that the feed is more beneficial to shrimp and crab eating by fermentation, and improves the feed utilization rate.

Description

Fermented feed suitable for shrimp and crab polyculture and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological feeds, and particularly relates to a fermented feed suitable for mixed culture of shrimps and crabs, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Under the influence of the continuously rising price of feed raw materials, the cost of the feed for the river crabs and freshwater shrimps is continuously increased, and some manufacturers even add blood meal into the feed to improve the protein content, but the nutrition of the blood meal cannot be absorbed by the shrimps and the crabs. In the prior art, the blood meal protein content is generally between 70% and 80%, but the amino acid content is unbalanced, and the animal absorptivity is lower (Chen Quanwen. The research on the utilization of the protein source of the common feed by Eriocheir sinensis [ D ]. Suzhou university, 2009: page 6).
In addition, the food intake problems of shrimps and crabs are often ignored in the commercial feed formula, after the feed is splashed in the whole pool, the granular feed can not be ingested until the shrimps and crabs are hit, the food intake utilization rate of the feed is low, the feed soaked for a long time can be slowly dissolved, and water eutrophication can be caused. As the utilization rate of the nutrient components of the feed for the cultured prawns is low, in the intensive pond culture of the prawns, the proportion of the harvested prawns in nitrogen expenditure is generally only 20-30%, the rest of the harvested prawns mainly exist in a culture system in the form of sediment or drainage, ammonia nitrogen is directly or indirectly generated after the effect of microorganisms, the growth and development of the prawns and crabs are influenced by the excessive concentration of the ammonia nitrogen, and even the death caused by diseases is induced, so that huge economic loss is caused (Tang Qisheng, report of the green development consultation and study of aquaculture [ M ], marine publishing society, 2017: page 278).
Therefore, the problem that raw material prices are high and the ingestion utilization rate of feed is low in the feeding process of shrimps and crabs is urgent to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the fermented feed suitable for shrimp and crab polyculture, the preparation method and the application thereof, the consumption of bean pulp and fish meal is reduced, the cost is reduced, the shrimp and crab eating is facilitated through fermentation degradation, and the feed utilization rate is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a fermented feed suitable for mixed culture of shrimps and crabs, and the preparation raw materials of the fermented feed comprise a fermentation base material and fermentation bacteria;
the fermentation base material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 12-14 parts of flour, 3-4 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-4 parts of sesame meal, 33-35 parts of bean pulp and 6-8 parts of peanut meal;
the fermentation cylinder includes: yeast, bacillus, actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the saccharomycetes, the bacillus, the actinomycetes and the lactobacillus in the zymophyte is 2-3:1-2:2-3:3-5.
Preferably, the preparation raw materials of the fermented feed further comprise ingredients, and the ingredients comprise: the feed comprises the following components of cladocera, fish meal, silkworm chrysalis, squid paste, animal and vegetable oil, monocalcium phosphate, unshelling agent, choline chloride, betaine, vitamin C, sodium humate and salt.
Preferably, the ingredients comprise, in parts by mass: 2-3 parts of cladocera, 22-25 parts of fish meal, 1-3 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 2-3 parts of squid paste, 2-4 parts of animal and vegetable oil, 2-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.09 part of ecdysone, 0.18 part of choline chloride, 0.09 part of betaine, 0.09 part of vitamin C, 1-1.5 parts of sodium humate and 0.2-0.3 part of salt.
The invention provides a preparation method of the fermented feed, which comprises the following steps: and (3) taking the fermentation base material as a fermentation substrate, and fermenting by utilizing the fermentation bacteria to obtain the fermented feed after fermentation.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the fermentation base material to the bacterial liquid of the fermentation bacteria is 1:1-2.
Preferably, the temperature of the fermentation is 25-40 ℃, and the time of the fermentation is 24-26 hours.
Preferably, the fermentation further comprises mixing with the ingredients.
The invention provides an application of the fermented feed or the fermented feed prepared by the preparation method in shrimp and crab breeding industry.
Preferably, the daily feeding amount is 10% of the total weight of the shrimp and crab fed, and the feeding is carried out 2 times a day.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a fermented feed suitable for mixed culture of shrimps and crabs, which comprises a fermentation base material and zymophyte, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 12-14 parts of flour, 3-4 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-4 parts of sesame meal, 33-35 parts of soybean meal and 6-8 parts of peanut meal. The invention takes bean pulp as the main material, reduces the proportion of the bean pulp, and is supplemented with vegetable pulp, peanut meal and sesame meal, and plant protein feed is used for replacing part of fish meal in the feed, so that the cost is reduced by reducing the use of price-increased raw materials such as the bean pulp, the fish meal and the like. The invention uses saccharomycetes, bacillus, actinomycetes and lactobacillus to ferment and degrade vegetable proteins such as soybean meal, so that the vegetable proteins are decomposed into nutrient components such as small molecular proteins, small peptides, nucleotides, oligosaccharides and the like which are easy to digest and absorb, and the vegetable proteins are more beneficial to the use of shrimps and crabs. According to the invention, plankton such as cladocera and squid paste are added simultaneously for attracting food, so that the shrimp and crab can eat conveniently. When the method is used for feeding the shrimps and the crabs, quantitative feeding of the feed is maintained, and meanwhile, the principles of 'meat and vegetable collocation and fine and coarse combination' are maintained.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fermented feed suitable for mixed culture of shrimps and crabs, and the preparation raw materials of the fermented feed comprise a fermentation base material and fermentation bacteria;
the fermentation base material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 12-14 parts of flour, 3-4 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-4 parts of sesame meal, 33-35 parts of soybean meal and 6-8 parts of peanut meal.
The fermentation cylinder includes: yeast, bacillus, actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
The fermentation base material of the fermented feed provided by the invention comprises 12-14 parts of flour, and more preferably 12-13 parts of flour;
based on the mass parts of the flour, the fermentation base material of the fermented feed provided by the invention comprises 3-4 parts of rapeseed meal, and more preferably 3.5-4 parts;
based on the mass parts of the flour, the fermentation base material of the fermented feed provided by the invention comprises 3-4 parts of sesame meal, and more preferably 3.5-4 parts;
based on the mass parts of the flour, the fermentation base material of the fermented feed provided by the invention comprises 33-35 parts of bean pulp, and more preferably 33-34 parts;
based on the mass parts of the flour, the fermentation base material of the fermented feed provided by the invention comprises 6-8 parts of peanut meal, and more preferably 6-7 parts.
The invention takes bean pulp as the main material and takes vegetable pulp, peanut pulp and sesame pulp as the auxiliary materials, and the plant protein feed is used for replacing part of fish meal in the feed, so that the consumption of the fish meal is reduced, and the cost of the feed is effectively reduced. The rapeseed meal contains rich lysine, major elements and trace elements, wherein the contents of calcium, selenium, iron, magnesium, manganese and zinc are higher than those of the soybean meal, the phosphorus content is 2 times that of the soybean meal, and meanwhile, the rapeseed meal also contains rich sulfur-containing amino acids, so that the soybean meal can be complemented for the deficiency of the amino acids, and the soybean meal can play a role in balancing and complementing when being used together with the soybean meal. The sesame seed meal has the advantages that the protein content and the utilization rate of essential amino acids are equivalent to those of the soybean meal, however, the sesame seed meal has a large price and low price, the cost of the feed can be effectively reduced, and the sesame seed meal can be applied to increasing glutamic acid, lysine and the like. The sesame seed meal has the effects of protecting liver, moistening intestines and lubricating, is aromatic in flavor and can improve flavor. The sesame seed meal contains phytic acid and oxalic acid which can be decomposed by bacillus, and the influence of acidic substances on the digestion and absorption of mineral substances is reduced by controlling the addition amount of the sesame seed meal, so that the sesame seed meal can supplement protein and does not influence the digestion and absorption of shrimp and crab on feed. The peanut meal has higher nutrition value, the metabolizing energy is highest in the meal feed, the crude protein content is close to that of soybean meal and is up to more than 48%, and the arginine content is up to 5.2%, so that the peanut meal is highest in all animal and plant feeds. However, the lysine content of the peanut meal is only about 50% of that of the soybean meal, and the methionine, lysine and threonine content of the peanut meal are low.
The plant protein feed used in the invention has poor quality, the growth rate of shrimps and crabs and the conversion rate of the feed are poor, but the feed can degrade anti-nutritional factors and decompose macromolecular substances such as proteins by microbial fermentation, so that the plant protein is in the form of nutrient components such as small molecular proteins, small peptides, nucleotides and oligosaccharides which are easy to digest and absorb, and the plant protein is converted into mycelium proteins of microorganisms, thereby improving the digestion and absorption rate, generating beneficial components, improving the quality and improving the feeding value. The fermented soybean meal added into the feed disclosed by the invention is beneficial to the intestinal health of animals, can promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients, and substances capable of improving the immunity and growth performance of animals are produced in the fermented rapeseed meal, so that the threonine, methionine and lysine content in the fermented peanut meal are obviously improved.
The mass ratio of the saccharomycetes, the bacillus, the actinomycetes and the lactobacillus in the zymophyte is preferably 2-3:1-2:2-3:3-5, and more preferably 2-3:1-2:2:3-5. The source of the fermentation tubes is not particularly limited, and the number of viable bacteria of each of the fermentation tubes is preferably more than 2X 10 11 CUF/mL。
The yeast fermentation can obviously reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors in the soybean meal and the rapeseed meal, has obvious degradation effect on macromolecular proteins, and improves the nutritional value of the soybean meal and the rapeseed meal; the aspergillus flavus in the peanut meal can be degraded by yeast fermentation, and the content of crude protein and amino acid in the peanut meal can be improved. The bacillus provided by the invention can effectively inhibit the reproduction of aerobic pathogenic bacteria, secrete extracellular enzymes such as protease, amylase and lipase, and can generate antibacterial peptide with very strong pertinence for killing pathogenic bacteria, thereby being beneficial to the degradation of macromolecular substances in feed raw materials, improving the utilization rate of the raw materials and improving the disease resistance of raised animals. The actinomycetes have certain degradation capability on cellulose, can improve the content of humus, can secrete various secondary metabolites with biological activity, and can be used as feed antimycotic. The lactic acid bacteria can decompose sugar in feed raw materials in the process of fermenting the feed to form lactic acid, and the antibacterial effect is gradually enhanced along with the reduction of the pH value, so that the growth of mixed bacteria is inhibited, the storage period of the feed is prolonged, and the nutritive value and the palatability of the feed are improved.
The preparation raw materials of the fermented feed preferably further comprise ingredients, and the ingredients preferably comprise: the feed comprises the following components of cladocera, fish meal, silkworm chrysalis, squid paste, animal and vegetable oil, monocalcium phosphate, unshelling agent, choline chloride, betaine, vitamin C, sodium humate and salt. The branch horn is used for improving the fresh flavor of the feed and increasing the probability of attracting shrimps and crabs to ingest. The animal and vegetable oil is preferably soybean oil. The source of each ingredient is not particularly limited, and the invention is applicable to the conventional commercial products. The vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant with water solubility, and can prevent other nutrients from being damaged by oxidation. The sodium humate is different from antibiotics, and various bacteria and moulds cannot be decomposed, but can promote the denaturation of viral proteins, so that the antiviral effect is generated. The sodium humate has obvious detoxification effect and can effectively relieve toxic enteritis.
The ingredients of the invention comprise, based on the mass parts of the flour: 2-3 parts of cladocera, 22-25 parts of fish meal, 1-3 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 2-3 parts of squid paste, 2-4 parts of animal and vegetable oil, 2-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.09 part of ecdysone, 0.18 part of choline chloride, 0.09 part of betaine, 0.09 part of vitamin C, 1-1.5 parts of sodium humate and 0.2-0.3 part of salt; further preferred are: 2 to 2.5 parts of cladocera, 23 to 25 parts of fish meal, 2 to 3 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 2 to 2.5 parts of squid paste, 2 to 3 parts of animal and vegetable oil, 2 to 2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.09 part of ecdysone, 0.18 part of choline chloride, 0.09 part of betaine, 0.09 part of vitamin C, 1 to 1.3 parts of sodium humate and 0.2 to 0.25 part of salt. The feed proportion provided by the invention is researched and produced for many years, the formula proportion is finally determined, the nutrition is comprehensive, the feeding attraction is good, the feeding of shrimps and crabs is facilitated, the feed utilization rate is improved, and the feed waste is reduced.
The invention provides a preparation method of fermented feed, which comprises the following steps: and (3) taking the fermentation base material as a fermentation substrate, and fermenting by utilizing the fermentation bacteria to obtain the fermented feed after fermentation.
The invention takes the fermentation base material as a fermentation substrate, and preferably comprises the steps of mixing flour, bean pulp, sesame seed meal, vegetable meal and peanut meal according to a proportion after crushing the flour, the bean pulp, the sesame seed meal and the peanut meal before fermentation, and spraying fermentation liquor on the mixture, wherein the fermentation liquor is poured into a stirrer layer by layer. In the fermentation process, stirring for 10min, then sprinkling fermentation liquid for fermentation, stirring and sprinkling fermentation liquid for fermentation, and repeating the steps. The mass ratio of the addition amount of the fermentation liquor to the fermentation base material is preferably 1:1.1-1.3, and more preferably 1:1.2. In the secondary fermentation of the present invention, the mass ratio of the addition amount of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base material is preferably 1:0.2 to 0.4, and more preferably 1:0.3. The fermentation temperature of the invention is preferably 25-40 ℃, more preferably 30-40 ℃, and preferably 34-38 ℃; the time for each fermentation is 24 to 26 hours, more preferably 24 to 25 hours. The number of times of the secondary fermentation according to the present invention is preferably 1 to 2. The embodiment of the invention proves that the fermentation time is too long and the number of times of repetition is too large, and partial nutrient components in the feed are destroyed due to over fermentation.
The invention preferably mixes the fermented feed with the ingredients and granulates the mixed feed, preferably comprising wet granulation, which facilitates the nutritional preservation of the fermented feed.
The invention provides an application of the fermented feed or the fermented feed prepared by the preparation method in shrimp and crab breeding industry.
When the feed or the feed prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention is used for feeding the shrimps and the crabs, the daily feeding amount is preferably 10% of the total weight of the fed shrimps and crabs, the daily feeding amount is preferably 2 times, the daily feeding amount is preferably 30% of the total feeding amount in the morning, and the daily feeding amount is preferably 70% of the total feeding amount in the afternoon. The invention preferably feeds feed evenly along the periphery of the pond and the grass-free shallow water around the beach at multiple points. According to the feed disclosed by the invention, plankton such as cladocera and squid paste are added for feeding, and the common pellet feed can be fed after being hit by shrimps and crabs, so that the feeding utilization of the feed is effectively improved, and the utilization rate of the feed is further improved. The feeding amount per day can be used for feeding shrimps and crabs for 2-3 hours, so that the feed can be completely fed in a short time, the feed can be fully utilized, and the problem of water eutrophication caused by slow dissolution of the feed after long-time soaking is avoided.
For further explanation of the present invention, the following examples are provided to describe in detail a fermented feed suitable for polyculture of shrimps and crabs, and the preparation method and application thereof, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation raw materials suitable for the shrimp and crab mixed culture fermented feed comprise fermentation base materials and fermentation bacteria. In the fermentation base material, 200g of flour, 66.7g of rapeseed meal, 66.7g of sesame meal, 550g of soybean meal and 116.6g of peanut meal.
Pulverizing flour, bean pulp, sesame seed meal, vegetable meal and peanut meal, and mixing thoroughly according to the above proportion.
1.2kg of fermentation broth was prepared, the amount of yeast added was 240g, the amount of Bacillus added was 120g, the amount of actinomycetes added was 240g, and the amount of lactic acid bacteria added was 600 g.
The fermentation base material is taken as a fermentation substrate, fermentation liquid is sprayed on the mixture, the mixture is poured layer by layer in a stirrer, the fermentation liquid is sprayed, 1kg of fermentation base material is uniformly mixed with 1.2kg of fermentation liquid, the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, the fermentation time is 24 hours, the stirrer is started to stir for 10 minutes, the fermentation liquid is sprayed again, at the moment, 1kg of raw material is uniformly mixed with 0.3kg of fermentation liquid, and the steps are repeated for 3 times.
Then adding the ingredients according to the following proportion, namely 33.3g of cladocera, 400g of fish meal, 50g of silkworm chrysalis, 33.3g of squid paste, 50g of animal and vegetable oil, 33.3g of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5g of ecdysone, 3g of choline chloride, 1.5g of betaine, 1.5g of vitamin C, 20g of sodium humate and 3.8g of salt.
And (3) uniformly mixing the fermented feed with ingredients, and granulating by adopting a wet granulating system.
Example 2
The process was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that 360g of yeast was added to the mixed bacteria, 240g of bacillus, 240g of actinomycetes and 360g of lactic acid bacteria were added in the preparation of the fermentation broth.
Example 3
The procedure was followed as in example 1, except that the temperature of the fermentation was 25 ℃.
Example 4
The procedure was followed as in example 1, except that the temperature of the fermentation was 30 ℃.
Example 5
The procedure was followed as in example 1, except that the temperature of the fermentation was 35 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The shrimp and crab feed is mixed with the iced fresh fish in a mass ratio of 1:1.
Application example 1
Feeding for 3-11 months, feeding for 2 times daily, feeding feed twice daily at 5-6 am and 6-7 pm respectively, and uniformly feeding at multiple points along the periphery of the pond and the grass-free shallow water of the beach. The daily feeding amount is estimated according to the weight of the river crabs and freshwater shrimps, and is 10 percent of the total weight of the shrimp crabs, and the feeding amount is proper after 2-3 hours.
The same amount of the fermented feed of comparative example 1 and examples 4 to 6 was used for feeding the shrimp and crab respectively for 10 months, namely, a growing season, the test samples comprise 25 river crabs from male and female, 100 freshwater shrimps, and the growth conditions of the shrimp and crab were recorded (as shown in Table 1).
TABLE 1 growth of shrimp and crab
The results show that: the weight gain of the shrimp and crab in examples 3-5 is higher than that in the comparative example, the acre yield is also obviously higher than that in the comparative example, and the feed coefficient=feed input/output is high under the condition that the feed feeding amount is equal, and the feed coefficient is low and the feed utilization rate is high. Therefore, the fermented feed of the embodiment is more beneficial to feeding of shrimps and crabs, and effectively improves the utilization rate of the feed.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fermented feed suitable for polyculture of shrimps and crabs is characterized in that the preparation raw materials of the fermented feed comprise a fermentation base material and fermentation bacteria;
the fermentation base material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 12-14 parts of flour, 3-4 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-4 parts of sesame meal, 33-35 parts of bean pulp and 6-8 parts of peanut meal;
the fermentation cylinder includes: yeast, bacillus, actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
2. The fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of yeast, bacillus, actinomycetes and lactobacillus in the fermentation bacteria is 2-3:1-2:2-3:3-5.
3. The fermented feed of claim 1, wherein the raw materials for preparing the fermented feed further comprise ingredients comprising: the feed comprises the following components of cladocera, fish meal, silkworm chrysalis, squid paste, animal and vegetable oil, monocalcium phosphate, unshelling agent, choline chloride, betaine, vitamin C, sodium humate and salt.
4. A fermented feed according to claim 3, characterized in that the ingredients comprise, in parts by mass: 2-3 parts of cladocera, 22-25 parts of fish meal, 1-3 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 2-3 parts of squid paste, 2-4 parts of animal and vegetable oil, 2-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.09 part of ecdysone, 0.18 part of choline chloride, 0.09 part of betaine, 0.09 part of vitamin C, 1-1.5 parts of sodium humate and 0.2-0.3 part of salt.
5. The method for producing a fermented feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: and (3) taking the fermentation base material as a fermentation substrate, and fermenting by utilizing the fermentation bacteria to obtain the fermented feed after fermentation.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation base material to the bacterial liquid of the fermentation bacteria is 1:1-2.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the fermentation temperature is 25 to 40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 24 to 26 hours.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the fermenting further comprises mixing with the ingredients.
9. Use of the fermented feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the fermented feed produced by the production method according to any one of claims 5 to 8 in shrimp and crab farming.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the daily feed is fed 2 times per day in an amount of 10% of the total weight of the shrimp and crab fed.
CN202310547208.4A 2023-05-16 2023-05-16 Fermented feed suitable for shrimp and crab polyculture and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN116473177A (en)

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Citations (4)

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CN109997992A (en) * 2019-05-07 2019-07-12 连云港市连威农牧科技有限公司 A kind of dedicated breeding feed and preparation method thereof suitable for aquatic products
CN112075554A (en) * 2020-09-29 2020-12-15 南京宝辉生物饲料有限公司 Biological fermentation feed for freshwater shrimps and crabs as well as preparation method and application of biological fermentation feed
CN112438347A (en) * 2019-09-03 2021-03-05 宿迁市大江饲料有限公司 Aquatic product fermented feed and preparation method thereof

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CN109997992A (en) * 2019-05-07 2019-07-12 连云港市连威农牧科技有限公司 A kind of dedicated breeding feed and preparation method thereof suitable for aquatic products
CN112438347A (en) * 2019-09-03 2021-03-05 宿迁市大江饲料有限公司 Aquatic product fermented feed and preparation method thereof
CN112075554A (en) * 2020-09-29 2020-12-15 南京宝辉生物饲料有限公司 Biological fermentation feed for freshwater shrimps and crabs as well as preparation method and application of biological fermentation feed

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