CN116463892A

CN116463892A - Sleeper base for arrangement on the underside of a railway sleeper made of concrete

Info

Publication number: CN116463892A
Application number: CN202310074978.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: A·奥古斯汀; H·罗伊
Original assignee: Getzner Werkstoffe Holding GmbH
Current assignee: Getzner Werkstoffe Holding GmbH
Priority date: 2022-01-19
Filing date: 2023-01-18
Publication date: 2023-07-21
Also published as: EP4215671B1; AT525444A4; AT525444B1; EP4215671A1

Abstract

Sleeper substrate (1) for arrangement on the underside (2) of a railway sleeper (3) made of concrete, wherein the sleeper substrate (1) has at least one elastomer layer (4) and at least one connecting layer (5), wherein the connecting layer (5) has a first layer (7) made of first ribs (6) and a second layer (9) made of second ribs (8), wherein the first layer (7) and the second layer (9) are made spaced apart from one another and are connected to one another by means of connecting ribs (10), and the first layer (7) of the connecting layer (5) is bonded to the surface (11) of the elastomer layer (4), and the first layer (7) has openings (12) enclosed by the first ribs (6) of the first layer (7), and the second layer (9) has openings (13) enclosed by the second ribs (8) of the second layer (9), wherein the area fraction of the first ribs (6) on the first layer (7) is greater than the area fraction of the second ribs (8) on the second layer (9).

Description

Sleeper base for arrangement on the underside of a railway sleeper made of concrete

Technical Field

The invention relates to a sleeper substrate for arrangement on the underside of a railway sleeper made of concrete, wherein the sleeper substrate has at least one elastomer layer and at least one connecting layer, wherein the connecting layer has a first layer made of first ribs and a second layer made of second ribs, wherein the first and second layers are made spaced apart from one another and are connected to one another by means of connecting ribs, and the first layer of the connecting layer is bonded to the surface of the elastomer layer, and the first layer has openings enclosed by the first ribs of the first layer, and the second layer has openings enclosed by the second ribs of the second layer.

Background

It is known in the prior art to arrange a so-called sleeper base underneath a railway sleeper made of concrete. This serves on the one hand for ballast protection and on the other hand for better support of the railway sleeper on the ballast bed. The crushed stone particles of the ballast bed can be pushed into the elastomer layer of the sleeper base, whereby the railway sleeper is better connected to the ballast bed by the sleeper base, in particular with respect to horizontally acting forces. In order to connect the elastomer layer of the sleeper base to the concrete body of the railway sleeper, the sleeper base has a connecting layer which is at least partially embedded in the concrete of the railway sleeper before the concrete has completely hardened.

EP 2 697 B1 discloses a sleeper base of the type described. In the case of the sleeper base, the connecting layer consisting of the spacer knitted fabric is embedded in the material of the elastomer layer in a first variant. However, this document also discloses a variant of the type described in which the first layer of the connection layer is bonded to the surface of the elastomeric layer.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is to ensure as firm a connection as possible between an elastomer layer and a connecting layer for sleeper substrates of the type mentioned, in which the first layer of the connecting layer is bonded to the elastomer layer.

For this purpose, the invention proposes that the area fraction of the first ribs on the first layer is greater than the area fraction of the second ribs on the second layer.

A particularly strong and durable adhesive connection between the elastomer layer and the connecting layer is achieved by a very high surface area of the first ribs on the first layer. The smaller area fraction of the second ribs on the second layer serves to create correspondingly large openings in the second layer, so that the concrete of the railway sleeper can be pushed into the connecting layer in a good manner and thus a good connection between the connecting layer and thus the sleeper base and the railway sleeper is also achieved.

The area fraction of the first ribs on the first layer is calculated from the ratio of the area of the first layer covered by the first ribs to the total area of the first layer. Correspondingly, the area fraction of the second ribs on the second layer is also calculated. This therefore involves an area ratio calculated from the area of the second ribs in the second layer divided by the total area of the second layer. The area fraction accordingly indicates the relationship of the area covered by the respective rib to the total area of the respective layer.

Advantageously, it is provided that the first layer and the second layer are arranged in planes running parallel to one another. The planes are spaced apart from each other and are connected to each other by means of connecting ribs.

In a preferred variant, the connecting layer is formed by a knitted fabric. In other words, the connecting layer can therefore also be formed as a knitted fabric. It is also conceivable that the ribs of the connecting layer are interwoven, twisted, braided or otherwise connected to each other in any other suitable manner and manner.

The ribs can be not only monofilament ribs but also yarns, twisted filaments, etc. Thus, the ribs can be composed of a single fiber or a plurality of fibers.

The area fraction of the first ribs on the first layer is advantageously at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 55%, in the sense of the best possible adhesive connection between the connecting layer of the sleeper base and the elastomer layer. While the area of the second ribs on the second layer is smaller. The area fraction advantageously lies in the range from 25% to 40%, preferably from 30% to 38%. This ensures that the concrete of the railway sleeper can be pushed with its coarse-grain components well through the second layer into the connecting layer before hardening, which in turn serves to produce a good and firm connection between the sleeper base and the railway sleeper after hardening of the concrete of the sleeper base.

The area fraction of the first ribs on the first layer and the area fraction of the second ribs on the second layer can be determined by methods known per se, for example optically.

The first bead and/or the second bead and/or the connecting bead, respectively, preferably have a diameter in the range of 0.1mm to 0.3mm, preferably 0.12mm to 0.2 mm. In the case of doubt, such a diameter of the bars is measured in an unloaded, i.e. untensioned state. The first rib and/or the second rib and/or the connecting rib can each have or consist of a preferably thermoplastic plastic. Suitable plastics for this are, for example, polyethylene terephthalate or polyamide.

Advantageously, the first rib and/or the second rib and/or the connecting rib have a maximum tensile force of at least 1000cN (centinewtons), preferably at least 1100 cN. It is also advantageous if the first rib and/or the second rib and/or the connecting rib have an elongation at break of more than 30%, preferably more than 33%. Not only the maximum tensile force but also the elongation at break of the bars can be determined in the text July 2003 in accordance with DIN EN 13895.

In the sense that the ribs of the connecting layer are connected as well as possible to the surface of the elastomer layer and also to the concrete of the railway sleeper, a preferred variant of the invention provides that the ribs are activated beforehand. In this connection, it is particularly preferred that the first ribs and/or the second ribs and/or the connecting ribs are hydrophilized. Nitrogen or ammonia is particularly well suited as a plasma for the corresponding hydrophilization or activation by means of an atmospheric pressure plasma for such hydrophilizations known per se. Preferably, an amine group and/or an imine group is formed on the first rib and/or the second rib and/or the connecting rib.

These polar hydrophilic groups significantly improve the wettability of the surface of the ribs, so that the concrete sleeper as a whole can be significantly increasedTear resistance between sleeper substrate

The elastomer layer of the sleeper base according to the invention can in principle be composed of different materials. Preferably, the elastomer layer comprises polyurethane or consists of polyurethane. Foamed or compact polyurethanes can be mentioned. However, alternatives to this are also elastomer layers composed of foamed or compact EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) or foamed EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), for example. However, the elastomer layer can also be composed of particles in the form of a particle layer, for example of rubber particles, cork particles or polyurethane particles or mixtures thereof.

In any case, it is advantageous if the respective surface of the elastomer layer is corona treated before bonding the first layer of the connection layer.

Drawings

Further features and details of the preferred embodiment of the invention are explained below by way of example with the aid of an embodiment variant of the sleeper base according to the invention. Wherein:

fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a railway sleeper with a sleeper base according to the invention arranged on the underside of the railway sleeper;

fig. 2 shows a partial area a from fig. 1;

fig. 3 shows the sleeper base from fig. 2 released from the railway sleeper;

fig. 4 shows a perspective view from a first side of a connecting layer of a sleeper base according to the invention;

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an opposite second side of the tie layer from FIG. 4;

fig. 6 to 13 show various forms in which not only the first layer but also the second layer of the connection layer can be constructed, and

fig. 14 shows a further embodiment of a connecting layer for a sleeper base according to the invention.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows a railway sleeper 3 made of concrete, on the upper side of which a rail 15 is fastened in a manner known per se. On the underside 2 of the railway sleeper 3, a sleeper base 1 according to the invention is arranged. The sleeper base 1 has an elastomer layer 4 and a connecting layer 5. The connecting layer 5 is in turn composed of a first layer 7 composed of first ribs 6 and a second layer 9 composed of second ribs 8, wherein the first layer 7 and the second layer 9 are spaced apart from one another and are connected to one another by connecting ribs 10 of the connecting layer. The first layer 7 and the second layer 9 preferably extend parallel to each other.

The first layer 7 of the tie layer 5 is bonded to the surface 11 of the elastomeric layer 4. The second layer 9 and the connecting webs 10 protrude into the concrete of the railway sleeper 3 in the finished state shown here. The connecting layer 5 thus serves to produce a stable and durable connection between the sleeper base 1 and the railway sleeper 3.

The railway sleeper 3 rests in a manner known per se on a ballast bed formed by ballast 14 with the sleeper base 1 interposed. The elastomer layer 4 of the sleeper base 1 faces the ballast bed so that the ballast 14 of the ballast bed can be pushed into the elastomer layer 4. This serves in a manner and method known per se for ballast protection but also for the damping and stable support of the railway sleeper 3 on the ballast bed on the one hand, so that in particular also transverse forces acting horizontally on the railway sleeper 3 can be conducted well into the ballast bed.

Fig. 2 shows the region a from fig. 1 on an enlarged scale. It can be clearly seen here how the second layer 9, together with its ribs 8 and also the connecting ribs 10, are embedded in the concrete of the railway sleeper 3. It can also be seen how the first layer 7 with the first ribs 6 rests directly on the surface 11 of the elastomer layer 4, to which it is also glued.

Fig. 3 again shows the sleeper base 1 according to the invention in isolation, i.e. before the second layer 9 with its second ribs 8 and the connecting ribs 10 are embedded in the concrete of the railway sleeper 3 or in the liquid state.

In fig. 3, it is also clear that in the preferred embodiment shown here, the first layer 7 and the second layer 9 are arranged in planes running parallel to one another.

As already explained at the outset, the connecting layer 5 can be formed as a knitted fabric, but can also be formed as a woven or knit fabric. The ribs of the connection layer can also be twisted with each other. Furthermore, there are of course other ways and methods known per se and suitable in the art for producing the connection layer 5 from the respective ribs.

Fig. 4 and 5 each show a partial region of the connecting layer 5 of the sleeper base 1, which is released from the elastomer layer 4, in a perspective plan view. Fig. 4 shows a top view of the first layer 7 with its first ribs 6, which are arranged here in this example in such a way that they run orthogonally to one another. Fig. 5 shows a view from the other side, namely a perspective plan view of the second layer 9 together with the ribs 8 arranged in a honeycomb-like pattern. It can be clearly seen that the first rib 6 of the first layer 7 comprises openings 12 in the first layer 7. It can also be clearly seen that the second ribs 8 of the second layer 9 comprise openings 13 in the second layer 9. It can also be clearly seen that the first ribs 6 of the first layer 7 are arranged more closely relative to each other than the second ribs 8 in the second layer 9. It is thus shown that the area fraction of the first ribs 6 on the first layer 7 is greater than the area fraction of the second ribs 8 on the second layer 9 according to the invention. It can also be clearly seen in fig. 4 and 5 how the connecting rib 10 connects the two layers 7 and 9 to each other. By way of example, it is also shown by way of example that the patterns in which the respective ribs 6 or 8 are arranged in the respective layers 7 or 9 can differ from one another.

In addition to arranging the first ribs 6 in the first layer 7 more closely than the second ribs 8 in the second layer 9, it is of course also possible that the first ribs 6 have a greater thickness than the second ribs 8. These two possibilities for the respective area fractions of the respective ribs 6 or 8 in the respective layers 7 or 9 can be combined with one another in a suitable manner and manner.

In any case, the openings 13 in the second layer 9 should be so large that the still liquid concrete of the railway sleeper 3 can also be pushed with its granular components into the connecting layer 5. The comparatively large surface area of the first ribs 6 on the first layer 7 is used to produce a comparatively large adhesive surface for adhering the first layer 7 of the connecting layer 5 to the surface 11 of the elastomer layer 4.

Fig. 6 to 13 now show by way of example how the respective ribs 6 or 8 can be stretched in different patterns in the respective layers 7 to 9. In principle, all the patterns shown here are possible for the first layer 7 as well as for the second layer 9. The respective area portions of the first ribs 6 on the first layer 7 and the respective area portions of the second ribs 8 on the second layer 9 then take place either by the thickness of the ribs 6 or 8 and/or by a correspondingly tight arrangement together with the respective small openings 12 in the first layer 7 or the respective large openings 13 in the second layer 9.

Fig. 6 and 11 show, by way of example, how the respective ribs 6 or 8 can be arranged in the respective layers 7 or 9 in a manner extending perpendicularly to one another. Fig. 7 and 8 show a honeycomb pattern. Fig. 9 shows a diamond-shaped pattern, while fig. 10 and 12 show that the ribs 6 or 8 can also be stretched in a corrugated manner in the respective layer 7 or 9. The latter also applies to the embodiment in fig. 13.

Fig. 14 now also shows an example, in which the connection layer 5 according to the prior art is first of all used as a starting point. In order to achieve, starting from this, that the area proportion of the first ribs 6 on the first layer 7 is greater than the area proportion of the second ribs 8 on the second layer 9, an additional rib 16 is inserted into the first layer 7 as an additional first rib 6 in the exemplary embodiment according to fig. 14. The area fraction of the first ribs 6 or 16 on the first layer 7 is thereby enlarged, while this measure is not used in the second layer 9. The result is then a further connection layer 5 according to the invention, in which the area fraction of the first ribs 6 on the first layer 7 is greater than the area fraction of the second ribs 8 on the second layer 9 due to the additional ribs 16.

List of reference numerals:

1 sleeper base

2 underside surface

3 railway sleeper

4 elastomer layer

5 tie layer

6 first rib

7 first layer

8 second rib

9 second layer

10 connecting rib

11 surface

12 openings

13 opening(s)

14 crushed stone

15 track

16 with additional ribs.

Claims

1. Sleeper substrate (1) for arrangement on the underside (2) of a railway sleeper (3) made of concrete, wherein the sleeper substrate (1) has at least one elastomer layer (4) and at least one connecting layer (5), wherein the connecting layer (5) has a first layer (7) made of first ribs (6) and a second layer (9) made of second ribs (8), wherein the first layer (7) and the second layer (9) are made spaced apart from one another and are connected to one another by means of connecting ribs (10), and the first layer (7) of the connecting layer (5) is bonded to the surface (11) of the elastomer layer (4), and the first layer (7) has openings (12) enclosed by the first ribs (6) of the first layer (7), and the second layer (9) has openings (13) enclosed by the second ribs (8) of the second layer (9), characterized in that the first ribs (6) have a larger portion of area on the second ribs (8) than the second portion of ribs (9).

2. Sleeper substrate (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first layer (7) and said second layer (9) are arranged in planes extending parallel to each other.

3. Sleeper substrate (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connection layer (5) is constructed as a knitted fabric.

4. A sleeper substrate (1) according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the area fraction of the first ribs (6) on the first layer (7) is at least 50%, preferably at least 55%.

5. Sleeper substrate (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the area fraction of the second ribs (8) on the second layer (9) is in the range of 25% to 40%, preferably 30% to 38%.

6. Sleeper substrate (1) according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the first ribs (6) and/or the second ribs (8) and/or the connecting ribs (10) have a diameter in the range of 0.1-0.3 mm, preferably 0.12-0.2 mm, respectively.

7. Sleeper substrate (1) according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first ribs (6) and/or the second ribs (8) and/or the connecting ribs (10) respectively have or are made of a preferably thermoplastic plastic, preferably polyethylene terephthalate or polyamide.

8. Sleeper substrate (1) according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the first ribs (6) and/or the second ribs (8) and/or the connecting ribs (10) are hydrophilized.

9. Sleeper substrate (1) according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an amine group and/or an imine group is structured on the first ribs (6) and/or on the second ribs (8) and/or on the connecting ribs (10).

10. Sleeper substrate (1) according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said elastomeric layer (4) has or consists of foamed polyurethane or compact polyurethane.