CN116451829A - Expressway construction emission reduction optimization method and system based on principal component analysis - Google Patents
Expressway construction emission reduction optimization method and system based on principal component analysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a highway construction emission reduction optimization method and system based on principal component analysis, which adopts a principal component analysis method to analyze each carbon emission element in each sectional engineering and determine the comprehensive principal component factors of carbon emission; determining a comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme based on the carbon emission comprehensive main component factors; and determining an optimal scheme based on the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme. According to the invention, the comprehensive main component factors of the carbon emission are determined by analyzing the correlation of the carbon emission elements based on the main component analysis method, and the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme is calculated on the basis of the main component factors, so that the accuracy of the calculation of the emission reduction performance index is improved, and the emission reduction effect of the emission reduction scheme selected or optimized based on the comprehensive emission reduction performance index is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a highway construction emission reduction optimization method and system based on principal component analysis.
Background
The main object of emission determination in the expressway construction stage is important for improving carbon reduction. However, since the materials required in the construction stage are various, the energy source type is complex, the generation scene is complex, and how to determine the important point of the carbon reduction work from the use of materials and machines requires to evaluate the source and the size of the composite emission contribution and the difference of the carbon emission level, the determination of the emission hot spot in the construction stage of the expressway is very difficult, and the scientific emission reduction measure is proposed. Researchers have proposed a number of methods for making carbon emission hot spots, for example, by calculating the emission of materials and machinery through a full life cycle method, determining the emission hot spots through pareto law, and making corresponding emission reduction measures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a highway construction emission reduction optimization method and system based on principal component analysis, so as to improve the emission reduction effect.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a highway construction emission reduction optimization method based on principal component analysis, which comprises the following steps:
analyzing each carbon emission element in each sectional engineering by adopting a principal component analysis method to determine the comprehensive principal component factors of carbon emission; the carbon emission element includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) consumption of broken stone, consumption of reinforcing steel bars, consumption of cement, consumption of asphalt, consumption of steel, consumption of iron parts, consumption of an air compressor, consumption of a road roller and consumption of a bulldozer;
determining a comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme based on the carbon emission comprehensive main component factors;
and determining an optimal scheme based on the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme.
Optionally, the analyzing the carbon emission elements in each segment engineering by adopting a principal component analysis method to determine the comprehensive principal component factors of carbon emission specifically includes:
acquiring values of e sectional projects of expressway construction division and f carbon emission elements in each sectional project to form a sample matrix;
carrying out normalization processing on each element in the sample matrix to obtain a normalized sample matrix;
constructing a correlation coefficient matrix based on the normalized sample matrix;
sequencing the eigenvalues of the correlation coefficient matrix according to the sequence from big to small to obtain an eigenvalue sequence;
calculating a carbon emission comprehensive factor corresponding to each characteristic value according to the characteristic vector corresponding to each characteristic value in the characteristic value sequence and the sample matrix after normalization processing;
let p be 1;
calculating the accumulated contribution rate of the first p eigenvalues in the eigenvalue sequence;
judging whether the accumulated contribution rate of the first p characteristic values is larger than a contribution rate threshold value or not, and obtaining a judging result;
if the judgment result is negative, the value of p is increased by 1, and the step of calculating the accumulated contribution rate of the first p eigenvalues in the eigenvalue sequence is returned;
and if the judgment result is yes, selecting the carbon emission comprehensive factors corresponding to the first p characteristic values as the carbon emission comprehensive main component factors.
Optionally, constructing a correlation coefficient matrix based on the normalized sample matrix specifically includes:
based on the normalized sample matrix, the formula is utilized Calculating a correlation coefficient between any two carbon emission elements;
wherein r is ij As the correlation coefficient between the i-th carbon emission element and the j-th carbon emission element,normalized values for the ith carbon emission element of the kth staging; />For the average value of the normalized values of the ith carbon emission element of each sectional engineering, +.>Normalized values for the jth carbon emission element of the kth staging; />The average value of normalized values of the j-th carbon emission element of each sectional engineering;
based on the correlation coefficient between any two carbon emission elements, constructing a correlation coefficient matrix as follows: r= (R ij ) f×f Wherein R is a correlation coefficient matrix.
Optionally, the formula for calculating the carbon emission comprehensive factor corresponding to each characteristic value is as follows:
y l ＝v 1l X 1 +v 2l X 2 +…+v fl X f ,l＝1,2…,f
wherein y is l V is the carbon emission comprehensive factor corresponding to the first characteristic value 1l 、v 2l And v fl The 1 st element, the 2 nd element and the f th element in the characteristic vector of the correlation coefficient matrix respectively; x is X 1 、X 2 And X f Column 1, column 2 and column f vectors in the normalized sample matrix, respectively.
Optionally, the formula for calculating the cumulative contribution rate of the first p eigenvalues in the eigenvalue sequence is:
wherein b p A is the cumulative contribution rate of the first p eigenvalues l Information contribution rate lambda for the first eigenvalue l And lambda (lambda) m The first and the mth eigenvalues, respectively.
Optionally, based on the carbon emission comprehensive main component factors, a formula for determining a comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme is as follows:
K＝b 1 y 1 +b 2 y 2 +…+b p y p
wherein K is the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of the emission reduction scheme, b 1 、b 2 And b p Cumulative contribution rates, y, of the first 1, first 2 and first p eigenvalues, respectively 1 、y 2 And y p The values of the carbon emission comprehensive factors corresponding to the 1 st, 2 nd and p th characteristic values are calculated based on the values of the carbon emission elements in the emission reduction scheme.
Expressway construction emission reduction optimizing system based on principal component analysis, which is applied to the method, and comprises the following steps:
the main component analysis module is used for analyzing each carbon emission element in each sectional engineering by adopting a main component analysis method and determining the comprehensive main component factors of carbon emission; the carbon emission element includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) consumption of broken stone, consumption of reinforcing steel bars, consumption of cement, consumption of asphalt, consumption of steel, consumption of iron parts, consumption of an air compressor, consumption of a road roller and consumption of a bulldozer;
the comprehensive emission reduction performance index determining module is used for determining the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme based on the carbon emission comprehensive main component factors;
and the optimal scheme determining module is used for determining an optimal scheme based on the comprehensive emission reduction performance indexes of the emission reduction schemes.
An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the method described above when executing the computer program.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed implements the method described above.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention discloses a highway construction emission reduction optimization method and system based on principal component analysis, which adopts a principal component analysis method to analyze each carbon emission element in each sectional engineering and determine the comprehensive principal component factors of carbon emission; the carbon emission element includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) consumption of broken stone, consumption of reinforcing steel bars, consumption of cement, consumption of asphalt, consumption of steel, consumption of iron parts, consumption of an air compressor, consumption of a road roller and consumption of a bulldozer; determining a comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme based on the carbon emission comprehensive main component factors; and determining an optimal scheme based on the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme. According to the invention, the comprehensive main component factors of the carbon emission are determined by analyzing the correlation of the carbon emission elements based on the main component analysis method, and the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme is calculated on the basis of the main component factors, so that the accuracy of the calculation of the emission reduction performance index is improved, and the emission reduction effect of the emission reduction scheme selected or optimized based on the comprehensive emission reduction performance index is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a highway construction emission reduction optimization method based on principal component analysis, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optimization method for expressway construction emission reduction based on principal component analysis according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a highway construction emission reduction optimization method and system based on principal component analysis, so as to improve the emission reduction effect.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an optimization method for reducing emission in expressway construction based on principal component analysis, the method including the following steps:
step 101, analyzing each carbon emission element in each sectional engineering by adopting a principal component analysis method to determine the comprehensive principal component factors of carbon emission; the carbon emission element includes: the consumption of broken stone, the consumption of reinforcing steel bars, the consumption of cement, the consumption of asphalt, the consumption of steel, the consumption of iron parts, the consumption of air compressors, the consumption of road rollers and the consumption of bulldozers.
And 102, determining the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme based on the carbon emission comprehensive main component factors.
And step 103, determining an optimal scheme based on the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme. The carbon emission elements of the exemplary step 101 are selected in the following manner:
determining each level of the highway construction project, and determining a carbon emission result of the target layer according to the carbon emission result of the base layer, wherein the carbon emission result is specifically as follows:
s11, dividing each level of the highway construction project, and determining carbon emission factors of the target layer, the foundation layer and the foundation layer unit types;
s12, determining the investment of the carbon emission elements of the types of the foundation layer units and the corresponding emission factors according to the carbon emission elements of the types of the foundation layer units;
s13, determining the carbon emission amount of the base layer unit according to the carbon emission factor input and emission factor of the base layer unit;
s14, determining the carbon emission amount of the unit type of the last layer of the known layer according to the carbon emission amount of the unit type of the known layer;
s15, repeating the step S14 until the iteration is carried out to the carbon emission amount of the target layer unit type;
s16, determining the carbon emission amount of the relevant factors of the target level according to the carbon emission amount of the target layer unit type.
Taking a certain expressway construction project as an example, in the step S11, the expressway construction project is divided into 5 levels of sectional engineering, unit engineering, sub engineering and process, and the first layer of sectional engineering is determined as a target layer, and the fifth layer of process layer is determined as a base layer m.
In the step S12, taking the artificial excavation of the stone trench unit and the mechanical excavation of the stone trench unit in the foundation layer as an example, according to the highway engineering budgetQuota (JTG/T3822-2018) for confirming that the unit type discharge elements comprise { hollow steel drill rod, ammonium nitrate explosive … … }, and based on highway engineering budget quota, construction machine account is put into corresponding discharge elementsDetermining the corresponding emission factor by means of a carbon emission factor library>
In step S13, the calculation formulas of each material in the manual excavation stone side groove unit and the mechanical excavation stone side groove unit of the foundation level are as follows:
wherein: e is carbon emission, p is carbon emission factor input, g is carbon emission factor, t is type (t 1 is hollow steel drill rod, t2 ammonium nitrate explosive), x is foundation level l m The method comprises the steps that (1) a stone trench is excavated manually, x2 is a stone trench is excavated mechanically, y is a unit (y 1 is an excavated trench) of a 4 th layer to which the stone trench belongs;
in the step S14, the carbon emission amount of the 4 th hierarchy is summed up in a bottom-up recursion manner, and recursion to the required layer from bottom to top is obtained. The carbon emission amount calculation formula of the hollow steel drill rod of the 4 th-level trench digging unit is as follows:
wherein: e is carbon emission, p is carbon emission factor input, g is carbon emission factor, t is type (t 1 is hollow steel drill rod, t2 ammonium nitrate explosive), x is foundation level l m The method comprises the steps that (1) a stone trench is manually excavated, x2 is a stone trench is mechanically excavated, y is a unit of a 4 th level (y 1 is an excavated trench), and z is a unit of a 3 rd level (z 3 is a drainage project);
in the step S15, repeating the step S14 to determine the unit species carbon emission amount of the target level;
in the step S16, a plurality of experiments and researches are combined, and { crushed stone, reinforcing steel, cement, asphalt, steel, iron, air compressor, road roller, excavator, bulldozer } are selected as relevant factors for analysis. Therefore, the amount of broken stone, the amount of reinforcing steel, the amount of cement, the amount of asphalt, the amount of steel, the amount of iron, the amount of air compressor, the amount of road roller, and the amount of bulldozer are used as carbon emission elements.
In step 101, a principal component analysis method is adopted to analyze each carbon emission element in each sectional engineering, and determine the comprehensive principal component factors of carbon emission, which specifically comprises:
s21, forming a sample matrix X through e segmentation projects and f carbon emission related factors in a target layer:
s22 is performed by applying the following averaging process (i.e., normalization process) to the sample:
s23, obtaining a normalized sample matrix through the step S22
S24 calculationIs a correlation coefficient matrix R of:
R＝(r ij ) f×f
s25, sorting lambda from large to small by calculating eigenvalue of correlation coefficient matrix R 1 ,λ 2 ...λ f And corresponding feature vector v 1 ,v 2 ...v f ：
v 1 ＝[v 11 ,v 12 ...v 1f ] T ,v 2 ＝[v 21 ,v 22 ...v 2f ] T ...v f ＝[v f1 ,v f2 ...v ff ] T
S26, calculating a carbon emission comprehensive factor y:
s27 calculating eigenvalue lambda i The information contribution rate formula of (2) is:
s28 calculating eigenvalue lambda i The cumulative contribution rate formula of (2) is:
s29 as b p >At 95%, the first p carbon emission syndromes y are selected 1 ,y 2 ...y p Instead of the original f carbon emission comprehensive factors, the carbon emission comprehensive factors are used as the carbon emission comprehensive main component factors;
step 102 specifically comprises:
calculating comprehensive emission reduction performance indexes of all emission reduction schemes, and respectively carrying out comprehensive evaluation:
k＝b 1 y 1 +b 2 y 2 +...b p y p
the determination of the optimal scheme of the invention can be based on the following steps, and the targeted optimization of the existing emission reduction scheme is carried out, specifically:
s31, determining an optimal emission reduction scheme of the coincidence relation between the comprehensive materials and the machinery based on the contribution rate of the carbon emission comprehensive factors;
s32, excavating key engineering projects with larger emission reduction potential in highway construction projects based on the comprehensive emission reduction performance indexes.
Taking the expressway construction project as an example, the data obtained in the steps S11-S16 are divided into 14 segments by a project book or the like;
in the step S21, a sample matrix X is formed by the 14 segmentation projects and 10 correlation factors of the obtained target level;
in the steps S22 and S23, a new sample matrix X processing result is obtained by performing a averaging process on the samples, and is shown in table 1;
table 1 data sheet after normalization
| -0.555 | -0.839 | -0.289 | -0.571 | -0.598 | -0.491 | -0.461 | -0.863 | -0.528 | -0.557 |
| -0.324 | 0.086 | -0.261 | -0.569 | -0.585 | -0.489 | -0.284 | -0.341 | -0.424 | -1.351 |
| -0.540 | -0.814 | -0.283 | -0.573 | -0.586 | -0.491 | -0.143 | -0.824 | -0.482 | -0.272 |
| -0.446 | 0.118 | -0.291 | -0.568 | -0.672 | -0.490 | -1.168 | -0.561 | -0.610 | -0.605 |
| -0.689 | -0.165 | -0.321 | -0.523 | -0.665 | -0.490 | -1.051 | -0.368 | -0.607 | -0.368 |
| -0.655 | -0.887 | -0.284 | 0.256 | -0.667 | -0.489 | 0.938 | -0.447 | -0.632 | -0.283 |
| 3.109 | 2.842 | 3.473 | 2.976 | 2.777 | -0.469 | 1.633 | 2.880 | 3.007 | -1.795 |
| 0.409 | -0.167 | -0.256 | 0.796 | 0.344 | -0.479 | -0.685 | 0.799 | 0.868 | 0.969 |
| 0.413 | 0.002 | -0.246 | 0.383 | 0.418 | -0.476 | -0.097 | 0.239 | 0.344 | 1.313 |
| 0.598 | 0.168 | -0.251 | 0.662 | 0.746 | -0.473 | -0.899 | 0.798 | 0.695 | 0.732 |
| -0.340 | -0.534 | -0.256 | -0.567 | -0.501 | 0.569 | 0.799 | -0.625 | -0.374 | 1.053 |
| 0.110 | 1.316 | -0.199 | -0.563 | 1.091 | 3.105 | 1.152 | 0.420 | -0.166 | 0.305 |
| -0.317 | -0.485 | -0.244 | -0.571 | -0.475 | 0.668 | 1.434 | -0.547 | -0.482 | -0.624 |
| -0.775 | -0.643 | -0.291 | -0.568 | -0.627 | 0.496 | -1.168 | -0.561 | -0.610 | 1.484 |
In the step S24, a correlation coefficient matrix R of the data is calculated, and the processing result is shown in table 2;
table 2 correlation coefficient matrix table
In the step S25, a eigenvector lambda of the correlation coefficient matrix R is calculated 1 ,λ 2 ...λ f Ordering from big to small, and corresponding feature vector v 1 ,v 2 ...v f The treatment results are shown in Table 3;
TABLE 3 eigenvalues and corresponding contribution rates, cumulative contribution rate tables
| Eigenvalues | Contribution rate% | Cumulative contribution% |
| 6.6803 | 66.8030 | 66.8030 |
| 1.5000 | 14.9997 | 81.8026 |
| 1.1260 | 11.2599 | 93.0626 |
| 0.4870 | 4.8701 | 97.9326 |
| 0.1080 | 1.0799 | 99.0125 |
| 0.0441 | 0.4410 | 99.4535 |
| 0.0339 | 0.3392 | 99.7927 |
| 0.0168 | 0.1685 | 99.9612 |
| 0.0027 | 0.0272 | 99.9884 |
In the step S26, a carbon emission comprehensive factor y is calculated;
in the steps S27 and S28 described above,calculating a characteristic value lambda 1 ,λ 2 ...λ f Corresponding information contribution rate a 1 ,a 2 ...a f Cumulative contribution rate b p The treatment results are shown in Table 3;
in the step S29, when b p >At 95%, the first 3 carbon emission principal component factors y are selected 1 ,y 2 ,y 3 Replacing the original carbon emission comprehensive variable;
y 1 ＝0.3823X 1 -0.0490X 2 +0.0746X 3 +0.0361X 4 -0.0442X 5 +-0.5050X 6 -0.0981X 7 +0.1028X 8 +0.5115X 9 -0.5529X 10
y 2 ＝0.3507X 1 +0.1692X 2 -0.0195X 3 -0.4898X 4 +0.0366X 5 -0.1730X 6 +0.6954X 7 +0.0632X 8 +0.0605X 9 +0.2923X 10
y 3 ＝0.3607X 1 -0.0617X 2 -0.1948X 3 +0.0221X 4 +0.8656X 5 +0.1057X 6 -0.1055X 7 -0.0698X 8 -0.1967X 9 -0.1119X 10
in the step S10, the overall evaluation k= 6.6803y is performed on each segment engineering 1 +1.500y 2 +1.1260y 3 The comprehensive evaluation ranks are shown in table 4.
Table 4 comprehensive evaluation value table
In the present example, step S3 includes the sub-steps of:
s31, determining an optimal emission reduction comprehensive scheme based on carbon emission main component factors;
s32, excavating engineering projects with larger emission reduction potential in highway construction projects based on the comprehensive emission reduction performance indexes.
Taking the expressway construction project as an example, in the step S31, based on the carbon emission main component factors in the step S29, 3 effective comprehensive emission reduction schemes can be obtained: firstly, reducing the emission of broken stones, iron parts, excavators and bulldozers, wherein the emission contribution rate of the broken stones, the iron parts, the excavators and the bulldozers is 66.80%; the second scheme reduces the emission of asphalt, an air compressor, a road roller and a bulldozer, which account for 15.00 percent of the total emission contribution rate, and the total contribution of the two aspects to carbon emission reaches 81.80 percent; the third scheme reduces the emission of broken stone, cement, an excavator and a bulldozer, and accounts for 11.26 percent of the total emission, and the three items are accumulated to 93.06 percent of the total emission; wherein the optimal comprehensive emission reduction effect is the scheme I;
in the step S32, based on the comprehensive evaluation ranking in the step S210, the emission reduction potential of the 7 th segment is the largest, and the next is the 12 th segment, so that the two segments are the emission reduction key objects in the expressway construction stage.
According to the invention, the main component analysis method is adopted to perform standardized processing on the data, so that the influence of different dimensions on the data is avoided, the emission reduction comprehensive scheme is provided by the carbon emission main component factors, the boundaries among the factors are broken, the relation among the factors is considered, and the range of the carbon emission factors is reduced. And the complex original data is concentrated to each main component through the analysis of the main components, and the main links are determined by virtue of comprehensive evaluation, so that the road construction activities can find the emission reduction key path from the source.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The expressway construction emission reduction optimization method based on principal component analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
analyzing each carbon emission element in each sectional engineering by adopting a principal component analysis method to determine the comprehensive principal component factors of carbon emission; the carbon emission element includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) consumption of broken stone, consumption of reinforcing steel bars, consumption of cement, consumption of asphalt, consumption of steel, consumption of iron parts, consumption of an air compressor, consumption of a road roller and consumption of a bulldozer;
determining a comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme based on the carbon emission comprehensive main component factors;
and determining an optimal scheme based on the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme.
2. The method for optimizing the emission reduction of the highway construction based on the principal component analysis according to claim 1, wherein the analysis of each carbon emission element in each sectional engineering by using the principal component analysis method is performed to determine the comprehensive principal component factor of the carbon emission, and specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring values of e sectional projects of expressway construction division and f carbon emission elements in each sectional project to form a sample matrix X;
carrying out normalization processing on each element in the sample matrix to obtain a normalized sample matrix;
constructing a correlation coefficient matrix based on the normalized sample matrix;
sequencing the eigenvalues of the correlation coefficient matrix according to the sequence from big to small to obtain an eigenvalue sequence;
calculating a carbon emission comprehensive factor corresponding to each characteristic value according to the characteristic vector corresponding to each characteristic value in the characteristic value sequence and the sample matrix after normalization processing;
let p be 1;
calculating the accumulated contribution rate of the first p eigenvalues in the eigenvalue sequence;
judging whether the accumulated contribution rate of the first p characteristic values is larger than a contribution rate threshold value or not, and obtaining a judging result;
if the judgment result is negative, the value of p is increased by 1, and the step of calculating the accumulated contribution rate of the first p eigenvalues in the eigenvalue sequence is returned;
and if the judgment result is yes, selecting the carbon emission comprehensive factors corresponding to the first p characteristic values as the carbon emission comprehensive main component factors.
3. The expressway construction and emission reduction optimization method based on principal component analysis according to claim 2, wherein the constructing of the correlation coefficient matrix based on the normalized sample matrix specifically comprises:
based on the normalized sample matrix, the formula is utilized Calculating a correlation coefficient between any two carbon emission elements;
wherein r is ij As the correlation coefficient between the i-th carbon emission element and the j-th carbon emission element,normalized values for the ith carbon emission element of the kth staging; />For the average value of the normalized values of the ith carbon emission element of each sectional engineering, +.>Normalized values for the jth carbon emission element of the kth staging; />The average value of normalized values of the j-th carbon emission element of each sectional engineering;
based on the correlation coefficient between any two carbon emission elements, constructing a correlation coefficient matrix as follows: r= (R ij ) f×f Wherein R is a correlation coefficient matrix.
4. The expressway construction and emission reduction optimization method based on principal component analysis according to claim 2, wherein the formula for calculating the carbon emission integrated factor corresponding to each characteristic value is:
y l ＝v 1l X 1 +v 2l X 2 +…+v fl X f ,l＝1,2…,f
wherein y is l V is the carbon emission comprehensive factor corresponding to the first characteristic value 1l 、v 2l And v fl The 1 st element, the 2 nd element and the f th element in the characteristic vector of the correlation coefficient matrix respectively; x is X 1 、X 2 And X f Column 1, column 2 and column f vectors in the normalized sample matrix, respectively.
5. The expressway construction emission reduction optimization method based on principal component analysis according to claim 2, wherein the formula for calculating the cumulative contribution rate of the first p eigenvalues in the eigenvalue sequence is:
wherein b p A is the cumulative contribution rate of the first p eigenvalues l Information contribution rate lambda for the first eigenvalue l And lambda (lambda) m The first and the mth eigenvalues, respectively.
6. The method for optimizing the emission reduction of highway construction based on principal component analysis according to claim 1, wherein the formula for determining the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme based on the carbon emission comprehensive principal component factor is:
K＝b 1 y 1 +b 2 y 2 +…+b p y p
wherein K is the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of the emission reduction scheme, b 1 、b 2 And b p Cumulative contribution rates, y, of the first 1, first 2 and first p eigenvalues, respectively 1 、y 2 And y p The carbon emission comprehensive factors corresponding to the 1 st, the 2 nd and the p th characteristic values respectively.
7. A highway construction emission reduction optimization system based on principal component analysis, characterized in that the system is applied to the method of any one of claims 1-6, the system comprising:
the main component analysis module is used for analyzing each carbon emission element in each sectional engineering by adopting a main component analysis method and determining the comprehensive main component factors of carbon emission; the carbon emission element includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) consumption of broken stone, consumption of reinforcing steel bars, consumption of cement, consumption of asphalt, consumption of steel, consumption of iron parts, consumption of an air compressor, consumption of a road roller and consumption of a bulldozer;
the comprehensive emission reduction performance index determining module is used for determining the comprehensive emission reduction performance index of each emission reduction scheme based on the carbon emission comprehensive main component factors;
and the optimal scheme determining module is used for determining an optimal scheme based on the comprehensive emission reduction performance indexes of the emission reduction schemes.
8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 when the computer program is executed.
9. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored thereon, which computer program, when executed, implements the method according to any of claims 1 to 6.
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